339 lines
37 KiB
XML
339 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="ED60EEB67761F96EE400116CC8F437CA" ID-DOI="10.5252/z2016n4a2" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4578343" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BFFD82EF-50C9-42BF-8493-DF57591EA4FF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614790962589" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pyron, Robert Alexander, Ganesh, Sumaithangi Rajagopalan, Sayyed, Amit, Sharma, Vivek, Wallach, Van & Somaweera, Ruchira" docDate="2016" docId="03A82A478309FF91FED5FE23FBD57C9E" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.38.4.453-506.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 38 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2016n4a2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0AF8C315773078909029C6FC3CC05C6C.3:Zoosystema.2015-2017.journal_article" docStyleId="0AF8C315773078909029C6FC3CC05C6C" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2015-2017.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Melanophidium Gunther 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="473" masterDocId="FF91523F831DFF85FFCFFFB5FFF97B72" masterDocTitle="A catalogue and systematic overview of the shield-tailed snakes (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)" masterLastPageNumber="506" masterPageNumber="453" pageNumber="473" updateTime="1698879475557" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
|
|
<mods:mods id="B51579789A56DE8C524CD5D97A21F5B8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="ABD00D8AF0FADF3831EA1A2499DD81F9">
|
|
<mods:title id="C2C1FD742F260DDA792F353C78AB52B2">A catalogue and systematic overview of the shield-tailed snakes (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="0B4CABB941D8133F78B784DD6E4CD7A5" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="820A0E0469E313774685E262E333C46F">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="EADF4FA866C251F4FF1B96FDCABD7E3F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="98B79C23B828C06395AB62312467BFB4">Pyron, Robert Alexander</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="02B6B0BA761AC42A27E3DFB1E78169D5">Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2029 G St. NW, Washington, D. C. 20052 (United States) rpyron @ colubroid. org</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B7D5F259A0C366872CDE5C10F209A555" type="email">rpyron@colubroid.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="99556B521245D3B66241F1D630C1EB94" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="436842A96E2D859F0D9F9AE53B9C4B14">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="3304F4F88368B6E3038BBC500F183F48">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="86CDD52B96C8C367E90F95006028C004">Ganesh, Sumaithangi Rajagopalan</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="306C219DF576EB974F6AE1C945BCC0E3">Chennai Snake Park, Rajbhavan Post, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 022 (India)</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="0AD94844FFF9880C9D3AFBE2980F3577" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="9168CB0C97911B4E3389B0C57341D30E">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="E29B9383791AD7E0E05914F2BFF53569">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="510C6B7799C320CA7BA99D2A81E9BFB1">Sayyed, Amit</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="03E8BE260B3543517F07DC09F1C28F73">Wildlife Protection and Research Society, Satara, Maharashtra 415 001 (India)</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="0FE1BC2C4607289283355C21148E1B8D" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="00857A3EFA9A0629D26B30F098AEA540">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="0153A96DB1AA252CA94303623D2075D2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="B516157A9749AF0A535590B4ED6DFF83">Sharma, Vivek</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="51502C6CC3FC10250C0DCCDF09AE5CB5">Sanjeevni Nagar, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482 003 (India)</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="C2B770923931E8386F4E1BED0763547D" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="7721DC6D8F57B0D550DA5FD7B513001A">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="E84EEE5F053B3A9C04A0EAD8EFF768F6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="2A764804397BE1E87D61C0478825FB2D">Wallach, Van</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="908E8B8C5833E4162A4FF06764F174C6">Potter Park, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (United States)</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="EFA06786F03A8EAE279745C9B8870E12" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="29B18FF2F4821A082901ED2536F2F3E1">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="7008B98CA781E12F80FD3ACBD207D089">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="1BE18A964FB6512FC9E7330A70FC0CE0">Somaweera, Ruchira</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="13D0DAAA9DA55A00025305367790A6A6">CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat WA 6014 (Australia) Published on 30 December 2016</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="735E894B9CE663BA608F3B2BB612F614">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="91B3A941E319CADBBCD0F96F88B4807B" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="934CBCF870E8AEA634AA4E5381E90220">
|
|
<mods:title id="6A0F467462636D0495BF38BFF8C72DD9">Zoosystema</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="863FFB821D577F6030D0C17B39AC3D0B">
|
|
<mods:date id="8229854825768C66F19A3C25E4904F04">2016</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="C178D0591F706AA7FB2B872E39D7C2E3" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="54A398E2D553807B9393EC83B3882B78">2016-12-30</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="6FD20CAC3FC765B7DD2116C74E2838DC" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="6C2912EEB10AEBF9B694693551BBF7A7">38</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="9969083F3FC4BAB41EEAEA9C409C11F9" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="1D48832179037C3BA4B3DE09CF2A52C8">4</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="BCF103E43205315EBC1F16076C858830" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="B48A48EC0BA4A17B521A099CF1D1059C">453</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="AFC35E97DA820500963BB45582B9731C">506</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="8DB56846B048F8C2C05E551B87384B3F">
|
|
<mods:url id="D99E8E46B39680AD8A12319AEBCB652E">http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2016n4a2</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="C94772A74D8760A72F549E6B829D2CFE">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="21180D3274CE5AB90D35AE67755CB861" type="DOI">10.5252/z2016n4a2</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="9527D51707D9F1C9605215AE34AEBA2E" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="1DCCACF93892287E3856FF6637877374" type="Zenodo-Dep">4578343</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="3D841C720586541870E4CF3129D92503" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BFFD82EF-50C9-42BF-8493-DF57591EA4FF</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="03A82A478309FF91FED5FE23FBD57C9E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4579351" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4579351" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A82A478309FF91FED5FE23FBD57C9E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A82A478309FF91FED5FE23FBD57C9E" lastPageNumber="473" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31BC8DA8309FF91FED5FE23FD887AC2" box="[282,625,406,433]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBE9B518309FF91FED5FE23FD887AC2" blockId="20.[282,625,406,433]" box="[282,625,406,433]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">
|
|
<heading id="D0F62C3D8309FF91FED5FE23FD887AC2" box="[282,625,406,433]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" reason="2">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FED5FE23FD887AC2" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[282,625,406,433]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FED5FE23FE307AC3" bold="true" box="[282,457,406,433]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">Melanophidium</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FE1FFE23FD887AC2" author="GUNTHER A. C. L. G." box="[464,625,406,432]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" refId="ref49401" refString="GUNTHER A. C. L. G. 1864. - The reptiles of British India. Ray Society, London, 452 p." type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31BC8DA8309FF91FF4BFE7AFE177A9A" box="[132,494,463,488]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBE9B518309FF91FF4BFE7AFE177A9A" blockId="20.[132,494,463,488]" box="[132,494,463,488]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11BC7F8309FF91FF4BFE7AFE177A9A" box="[132,494,463,488]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0BD408309FF91FF4BFE7AFE137A9A" author="GUNTHER A. C. L. G." box="[132,490,463,488]" page="193" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" year="1864">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FF4BFE7AFE137A9A" authority="Gunther, 1864: 193" authorityName="Gunther" authorityPageNumber="193" authorityYear="1864" box="[132,490,463,488]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FF4BFE7AFEE27A95" box="[132,283,463,487]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">Melanophidium</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FEEDFE7AFE137A9A" author="GUNTHER A. C. L. G." box="[290,490,463,488]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" refId="ref49401" refString="GUNTHER A. C. L. G. 1864. - The reptiles of British India. Ray Society, London, 452 p." type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864: 193</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31BC8DA8309FF91FF4BFDB5FDDD790E" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBE9B518309FF91FF4BFDB5FEEB7940" blockId="20.[132,775,511,562]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED1003948309FF91FF4BFDB5FEFB7964" box="[132,258,512,535]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">
|
|
<typeStatus id="54BA25F38309FF91FF4BFDB5FF4C7967" box="[132,181,512,535]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
|
SPECIES
|
|
</collectionCode>
|
|
. —
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FEE3FE4AFD567965" authority="Beddome, 1863 a" authorityName="Beddome" authorityYear="1863" box="[300,687,511,535]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Plectrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wynaudensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FEE3FE4AFDFA7965" box="[300,515,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">Plectrurus wynaudensis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FDC6FE4AFD567965" author="BEDDOME R. H." box="[521,687,511,535]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" pagination="41 - 48" refId="ref46637" refString="BEDDOME R. H. 1863 a. - Further notes upon the snakes of the Madras Presidency; with descriptions of new species. Madras Quarterly Journal of Medical Science 6: 41 - 48." type="journal article" year="1863">Beddome, 1863a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by original monotypy.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBE9B518309FF91FF4BFDFFFDDD790E" blockId="20.[132,775,585,636]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">
|
|
INCLUDED
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED1003948309FF91FF20FDFAFECC7912" box="[239,309,591,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">SPECIES</collectionCode>
|
|
. —
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FE91FDFCFCFA7913" authority="Beddome, 1870" authorityName="Beddome" authorityYear="1870" box="[350,771,585,609]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FE91FDFCFD987913" box="[350,609,585,609]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">Melanophidium bilineatum</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FDA9FDFCFCFA7913" author="BEDDOME R. H." box="[614,771,585,609]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" pagination="169 - 176" refId="ref46747" refString="BEDDOME R. H. 1870. - Descriptions of new reptiles from the Madras Presidency. Madras Monthly Journal of Medical Science 2: 169 - 176." type="journal article" year="1870">Beddome, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FF4BFDD1FF10790E" authorityName="Gower, Giri, Captain & Wilkinson" authorityYear="2016" box="[132,233,612,636]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="khairei">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FF4BFDD1FF10790E" box="[132,233,612,636]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">M. khairei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FF3AFDD1FE877909" authorityName="Beddome" authorityYear="1871" box="[245,382,612,635]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FF3AFDD1FE877909" box="[245,382,612,635]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">M. punctatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FE44FDD1FDDD790E" box="[395,548,612,636]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FE44FDD1FDD9790E" baseAuthorityName="Beddome" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[395,544,612,636]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wynaudense">M. wynaudense</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31BC8DA8309FF91FF4BFD21FE337FD0" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBE9B518309FF91FF4BFD21FE337FD0" blockId="20.[130,777,659,1186]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">
|
|
DIAGNOSIS. —
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FED5FD26FE4879D9" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[282,433,659,683]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FED5FD26FE4879D9" box="[282,433,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">Melanophidium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from all other amniotes by the characters given for the family, and from other uropeltids by a mental groove, dorsal scales in 15 rows at midbody, eye in ocular shield, and no temporal. At least three species (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FF43FD4BFEEF7867" authorityName="Beddome" authorityYear="1870" box="[140,278,765,789]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FF43FD4BFEEF7867" box="[140,278,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">M. bilineatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FEEDFD4BFE537867" authorityName="Beddome" authorityYear="1871" box="[290,426,766,789]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FEEDFD4BFE537867" box="[290,426,766,789]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">M. punctatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FE2EFD4BFD8B7867" baseAuthorityName="Beddome" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[481,626,765,789]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wynaudense">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FE2EFD4BFD8B7867" box="[481,626,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">M. wynaudense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) have a unique micro-ornamentation pattern of dorsal scales at midbody, having large (>
|
|
<quantity id="4CF936B48309FF91FF00FC87FED37838" box="[207,298,818,842]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" unit="mm" value="18.5">18.5 mm</quantity>
|
|
), rounded polygonal
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FE3AFC87FD807838" box="[501,633,818,842]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">Oberhäutchen</emphasis>
|
|
cells with level borders and no denticulations (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FE66FCF8FDDF7817" author="GOWER D. J." box="[425,550,845,869]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" pagination="249 - 268" refId="ref48942" refString="GOWER D. J. 2003. - Scale microornamentation of uropeltid snakes. Journal of Morphology 258: 249 - 268." type="journal article" year="2003">Gower 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). These characters separate them from 16 other uropeltid species from all genera except
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FF49FC34FED878EB" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" box="[134,289,897,921]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Pseudoplectrurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FF49FC34FED878EB" box="[134,289,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">Pseudoplectrurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and are thus likely also diagnostic characters. In recent studies of skull morphology, the following characters are shared by
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FF2BFC02FE9178BC" authorityName="Beddome" authorityYear="1871" box="[228,360,951,974]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FF2BFC02FE9178BC" box="[228,360,951,974]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">M. punctatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FE5CFC02FDD978BC" baseAuthorityName="Beddome" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[403,544,950,974]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wynaudense">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FE5CFC02FDD978BC" box="[403,544,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">M. wynaudense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but not by any sampled representatives of other uropeltid genera (i.e. they are likely, but not definitely, diagnostic of
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FEAEFC5EFE027F71" box="[353,507,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FEAEFC5EFE0C7F71" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[353,501,1003,1027]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Melanophidium</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
though
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FD87FC5EFD267F71" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" box="[584,735,1003,1027]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Pseudoplectrurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FD87FC5EFD267F71" box="[584,735,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">Pseudoplectrurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FF4DFBB3FF187F6F" authorityName="Beddome" authorityYear="1886" box="[130,225,1030,1053]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Teretrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FF4DFBB3FF187F6F" box="[130,225,1030,1053]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">Teretrurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were not sampled): supraoccipital separate, prootic and opisthotic-exoccipital separate, basisphenoid-basioccipital separate, facial nerve branches into open recess behind the mandibular branch foramen which connects with the posterior opening of the Vidian canal, and posteroventral process of dentary distinct (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FD53FBDAFF027FD0" author="RIEPPEL O. & ZAHER H." pageId="20" pageNumber="473" pagination="123 - 130" refId="ref51123" refString="RIEPPEL O. & ZAHER H. 2002. - The skull of the Uropeltinae (Reptilia, Serpentes), with special reference to the otico-occipital region. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum: Zoology 68: 123 - 130." type="journal article" year="2002">Rieppel & Zaher 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FECAFB3FFE467FD0" author="OLORI J. C. & BELL C. J." box="[261,447,1162,1186]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" pagination="32450" refId="ref50719" refString="OLORI J. C. & BELL C. J. 2012. - Comparative skull morphology of uropeltid snakes (Alethinophidia: Uropeltidae) with special reference to disarticulated elements and variation. PLoS ONE 7: e 32450. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0032450" type="journal article" year="2012">Olori & Bell 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31BC8DA8309FF91FF4BFB0FFD707F9E" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBE9B518309FF91FF4BFB0FFD707F9E" blockId="20.[132,775,1210,1260]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">
|
|
DISTRIBUTION. —
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F316DBC18309FF91FEF4FB0FFE887FA0" box="[315,369,1210,1234]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">India</collectingCountry>
|
|
, in the Western Ghats as far North as Amboli (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FF78FB61FE387F9E" author="WHITAKER R. & CAPTAIN A." box="[183,449,1236,1260]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" refId="ref52327" refString="WHITAKER R. & CAPTAIN A. 2004. - Snakes of India: the Field Guide. Draco Books, Chennai, 481 p." type="book" year="2004">Whitaker & Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Gower
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FDDCFB60FDBB7F9E" box="[531,578,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2016).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31BC8DA8309FF91FF4BFAA1FC567DBF" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBE9B518309FF91FF4BFAA1FEEC7E5E" blockId="20.[130,777,1300,2028]" box="[132,277,1300,1326]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF7ECBD98309FF91FCE2FAA2FA487EAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4578353" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4578353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4578353/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" startId="20.[813,824,1303,1321]" targetBox="[822,1439,226,1251]" targetPageId="20">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBE9B518309FF91FCE2FAA2FA487EAD" blockId="20.[813,1457,1303,1503]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">
|
|
FIG. 5. — Map of the major Sri Lankan localities inhabited by uropeltids, indicating massifs and provinces/districts. Massifs:
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FB2CFA9BFB097E32" bold="true" box="[1251,1264,1326,1344]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">A</emphasis>
|
|
, Knuckles;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FA9AFA9BFA9B7E32" bold="true" box="[1365,1378,1326,1344]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">B</emphasis>
|
|
, Central;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FCE1FAF1FCC57E24" bold="true" box="[814,828,1348,1366]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">C</emphasis>
|
|
, Rakwana. Central province:
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FBFBFAF0FBC77E25" bold="true" box="[1076,1086,1349,1367]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">1</emphasis>
|
|
, Matale;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FB42FAF0FB6E7E25" bold="true" box="[1165,1175,1349,1367]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">2</emphasis>
|
|
, Kandy;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FB2CFAF0FB147E25" bold="true" box="[1251,1261,1349,1367]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">3</emphasis>
|
|
, Nuwara Eliya. Eastern province:
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FCB5FAEEFC7D7E1F" bold="true" box="[890,900,1371,1389]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">4</emphasis>
|
|
, Trincomalee;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FC39FAEEFBF97E1F" bold="true" box="[1014,1024,1371,1389]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">5</emphasis>
|
|
, Batticaloa;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FBAEFAEEFB927E1F" bold="true" box="[1121,1131,1371,1389]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">6</emphasis>
|
|
, Ampara.North Central province:
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FAB9FAEEFA797E1F" bold="true" box="[1398,1408,1371,1389]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">7</emphasis>
|
|
, Anuradhapura;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FC43FAC7FC6F7EF6" bold="true" box="[908,918,1394,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">8</emphasis>
|
|
, Polonnaruwa.North Western province:
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FB2DFAC7FB157EF6" bold="true" box="[1250,1260,1394,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">9</emphasis>
|
|
, Puttalam;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FA85FAC7FAA67EF6" bold="true" box="[1354,1375,1394,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">10</emphasis>
|
|
, Kurunegala.Northern province:
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FC37FA3CFBF47EE9" bold="true" box="[1016,1037,1417,1435]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">11</emphasis>
|
|
, Jaffna;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FB9CFA3CFB917EE9" bold="true" box="[1107,1128,1417,1435]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">12</emphasis>
|
|
, Kilinochchi;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FB19FA3CFB127EE9" bold="true" box="[1238,1259,1417,1435]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">13</emphasis>
|
|
, Mullaitivu;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FA82FA3CFA9B7EE9" bold="true" box="[1357,1378,1417,1435]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">14</emphasis>
|
|
, Mannar;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FCE2FA2AFCBB7EC3" bold="true" box="[813,834,1439,1457]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">15</emphasis>
|
|
, Vavuniya. Sabaragamuwa province:
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FBB4FA2AFB697EC3" bold="true" box="[1147,1168,1439,1457]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">16</emphasis>
|
|
, Kegalle;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FB2DFA2AFB0E7EC3" bold="true" box="[1250,1271,1439,1457]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">17</emphasis>
|
|
, Ratnapura. Southern province:
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FC4FFA03FC6C7EBA" bold="true" box="[896,917,1462,1480]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">18</emphasis>
|
|
, Galle;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FC18FA03FC157EBA" bold="true" box="[983,1004,1462,1480]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">19</emphasis>
|
|
, Matara;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FBF2FA03FBAB7EBA" bold="true" box="[1085,1106,1462,1480]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">20</emphasis>
|
|
, Hambantota. Uva province:
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FA84FA03FA997EBA" bold="true" box="[1355,1376,1462,1480]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">21</emphasis>
|
|
, Badulla;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FCE2FA78FCBB7EAD" bold="true" box="[813,834,1485,1503]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">22</emphasis>
|
|
, Moneragala. Western province:
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FB9BFA78FB907EAD" bold="true" box="[1108,1129,1485,1503]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">23</emphasis>
|
|
, Gampaha;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FB00FA78FB1D7EAD" bold="true" box="[1231,1252,1485,1503]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">24</emphasis>
|
|
, Colombo;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FA89FA78FAA27EAD" bold="true" box="[1350,1371,1485,1503]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">25</emphasis>
|
|
, Kalutara.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBE9B518309FF91FF4BFA86FC567DBF" blockId="20.[130,777,1300,2028]" lastBlockId="20.[811,1455,1586,1741]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">
|
|
Tail is longer (up to 8% SVL; see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FE3DFA86FD5D7E3C" author="RAJENDRAN M." box="[498,676,1331,1358]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" refId="ref51103" refString="RAJENDRAN M. 1985. - Studies in uropeltid snakes. Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 132 p." type="book" year="1985">Rajendran 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<tableCitation id="C683AEEA8309FF91FD61FA86FD067E3F" box="[686,767,1331,1357]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[194,205,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Dissection data in millimeters (SVL, TL), count (Trng, LBrgs), or % SVL (all other characters). Abbreviations: see Material & methods." pageId="20" pageNumber="473">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
|
) than in most other uropeltids, but not as heavily compressed or modified; caudal scales are unkeeled and terminal scute is small and smooth or terminates in two to four points. In the single specimen of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FEBAFA01FDEC7EBF" baseAuthorityName="Beddome" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[373,533,1459,1485]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wynaudense">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FEBAFA01FDEC7EBF" box="[373,533,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">M. wynaudense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
dissected, no aspect of visceral topology is significant in uniquely distinguishing it from other uropeltid genera. However, mean of the heart-liver interval (15% of SVL) is larger than that measured for any other uropeltid genus, the next largest being
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FD92F987FD3C7D3E" authorityName="Hemprich" authorityYear="1820" box="[605,709,1586,1612]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FD92F987FD3C7D3E" box="[605,709,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">Rhinophis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(10% SVL;
|
|
<tableCitation id="C683AEEA8309FF91FF0DF9E7FEEA7D1E" box="[194,275,1618,1644]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[130,141,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Visceral-topology means and ranges for genera in millimeters (SVL, TL), count (Trng, LBrgs), or %SVL (all other characters). Codes are as follows: ANI, Anilius; ANO, Anomochilus; BRA, Brachyophidium; CYL, Cylindrophis; MEL, Melanophidium; PLA, Platyplectrurus; PLE, Plectrurus; PSE, Pseudoplectrurus; RHI, Rhinophis; TER, Teretrurus; URO, Uropeltis. Sample sizes indicated by “N;” raw data given in Table 2." pageId="20" pageNumber="473">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
|
). All four species with teeth on the palatine, a condition otherwise absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FE0AF9C7FDBD7DFE" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1832" box="[453,580,1650,1676]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Uropeltidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FD9EF9C7FF447DDE" author="RIEPPEL O. & ZAHER H." pageId="20" pageNumber="473" pagination="123 - 130" refId="ref51123" refString="RIEPPEL O. & ZAHER H. 2002. - The skull of the Uropeltinae (Reptilia, Serpentes), with special reference to the otico-occipital region. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum: Zoology 68: 123 - 130." type="journal article" year="2002">Rieppel & Zaher 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FF08F927FE577DDE" author="CUNDALL D. & IRISH F. J." box="[199,430,1682,1708]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" pagination="349 - 692" refId="ref47841" refString="CUNDALL D. & IRISH F. J. 2008. - The snake skull, in GANS C., GAUNT A. S. & ADLER K. (eds), Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 20. Morphology H: the Skull of Lepidosauria. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New York, p. 349 - 692." type="book chapter" year="2008">Cundall & Irish 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FE77F927FD847DDE" author="OLORI J. C. & BELL C. J." box="[440,637,1682,1708]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" pagination="32450" refId="ref50719" refString="OLORI J. C. & BELL C. J. 2012. - Comparative skull morphology of uropeltid snakes (Alethinophidia: Uropeltidae) with special reference to disarticulated elements and variation. PLoS ONE 7: e 32450. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0032450" type="journal article" year="2012">Olori & Bell 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Gower
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FD1BF926FCFF7DDE" box="[724,774,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2016). However, this condition is variable in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FDAEF906FCF97DBE" baseAuthorityName="Beddome" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[609,768,1714,1740]" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wynaudense">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FDAEF906FCF97DBE" box="[609,768,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">M. wynaudense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, with most examined specimens lacking teeth (Gower
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FD1DF966FCFE7D9E" box="[722,775,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2016). All species exhibit a striking blue-green iridescence, which is still noticeable in preservative as it derives from microstructural features in the scales, rather than pigments (see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FF7CF8E7FEC77C1E" author="GOWER D. J." box="[179,318,1874,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" pagination="249 - 268" refId="ref48942" refString="GOWER D. J. 2003. - Scale microornamentation of uropeltid snakes. Journal of Morphology 258: 249 - 268." type="journal article" year="2003">Gower 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Few objective and unambiguous external morphological features separate the known species, which are identifiable primarily based on color pattern (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FDB6F824FCF97CD9" author="SMITH M. A." box="[633,768,1937,1963]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" refId="ref51495" refString="SMITH M. A. 1943. - The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor & Francis, London, 583 p." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Gower
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FF1CF807FEFF7CB9" box="[211,262,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2016). Monophyly of this genus has been questioned in the past (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FE82F864FDBF7C99" author="RIEPPEL O. & ZAHER H." box="[333,582,2001,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" pagination="123 - 130" refId="ref51123" refString="RIEPPEL O. & ZAHER H. 2002. - The skull of the Uropeltinae (Reptilia, Serpentes), with special reference to the otico-occipital region. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum: Zoology 68: 123 - 130." type="journal article" year="2002">Rieppel & Zaher 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), but is supported by our molecular phylogeny (part), the presence of a mental groove, and the unique features of scale micro-ornamentation and skull morphology (part) given in the diagnosis (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FAA0F9C7FC0B7DDE" author="RIEPPEL O. & ZAHER H." pageId="20" pageNumber="473" pagination="123 - 130" refId="ref51123" refString="RIEPPEL O. & ZAHER H. 2002. - The skull of the Uropeltinae (Reptilia, Serpentes), with special reference to the otico-occipital region. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum: Zoology 68: 123 - 130." type="journal article" year="2002">Rieppel & Zaher 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FC32F927FB7E7DDE" author="GOWER D. J." box="[1021,1159,1682,1708]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" pagination="249 - 268" refId="ref48942" refString="GOWER D. J. 2003. - Scale microornamentation of uropeltid snakes. Journal of Morphology 258: 249 - 268." type="journal article" year="2003">Gower 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF90E6A08309FF91FB5DF927FAA57DDE" author="OLORI J. C. & BELL C. J." box="[1170,1372,1682,1708]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" pagination="32450" refId="ref50719" refString="OLORI J. C. & BELL C. J. 2012. - Comparative skull morphology of uropeltid snakes (Alethinophidia: Uropeltidae) with special reference to disarticulated elements and variation. PLoS ONE 7: e 32450. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0032450" type="journal article" year="2012">Olori & Bell 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Gower
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FCE2F906FC997DBE" box="[813,864,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2016).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31BC8DA8309FF91FCE2F947FBD57C9E" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBE9B518309FF91FCE2F947FC687C78" blockId="20.[813,1457,1778,2028]" box="[813,913,1778,1804]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBE9B518309FF91FCE2F8A7FBD57C9E" blockId="20.[813,1457,1778,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">
|
|
A lack of comparative analyses hid the existence of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FAB3F8A7FBFE7C39" authorityName="Gower, Giri, Captain & Wilkinson" authorityYear="2016" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="khairei">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FAB3F8A7FBFE7C39" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">Melanophidium khairei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
for 144 years, disguised as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C01E0D28309FF91FA88F887FC967C19" authorityName="Beddome" authorityYear="1871" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Melanophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FA88F887FC967C19" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">M. punctatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see Gower
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FBCDF8E7FBC37C19" box="[1026,1082,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2016). Extralimital records and confounding character-states exist for each species (see below and Gower
|
|
<emphasis id="B97547438309FF91FBCDF827FBC37CD9" box="[1026,1082,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2016); there is likely additional cryptic and undiscovered diversity in this group, as with most uropeltid genera.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |