treatments-xml/data/F9/DB/6B/F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143693853" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-97-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1239255" ModsDocID="1314-2003-97-1" checkinTime="1524638383340" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Johnson, David M. &amp; Murray, Nancy A." docDate="2018" docId="F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 97: 1-252" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 97" docPubDate="2018-04-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" docTitle="Xylopia odoratissima Welwitsch ex Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 31. 1868." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" masterDocId="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" masterDocTitle="A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" updateTime="1643467003316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Johnson, David M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Murray, Nancy A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">namurray@owu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2018-04-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number>97</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="143693853" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
20. 
<taxonomicName LSID="F9DB6B04-F32A-75E9-4F75-D0BC7A8A4EA9" authority="Welwitsch ex Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 31. 1868." authorityName="Welwitsch ex Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 31. 1868." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia odoratissima" order="Magnoliales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odoratissima">Xylopia odoratissima Welwitsch ex Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 31. 1868.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Flowers of representative Xylopia species. A Flower from type collection of Xylopia globosa from Gabon B Xylopia tenuipetala from Mozambique C Xylopia quintasii from Gabon D Xylopia aethiopica from Gabon E Xylopia longipetala from Mali, representing a record for the country not otherwise documented F Xylopia piratae from Ivory Coast G Xylopia odoratissima from Zambia H Xylopia arenaria from Tanzania I Xylopia collina from Tanzania. A, D by Thomas L. P. Couvreur B by Frances Chase C by Ehoarn Bidault E by Philip Birnbaum F by Celine Pirat G by Warren McClelland H and I by D. M. Johnson." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199088" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="Welw. ex Oliv." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopicrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopicrum odoratissimum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odoratissimum">Xylopicrum odoratissimum</taxonomicName>
(Welwitsch ex Oliver) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 1: 8. 1891. Type. ANGOLA. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huíla">Huila</normalizedToken>
Province, [Morro de Lopollo, 1859-60, ex 
<bibRefCitation author="Hiern, WP" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" refId="B72" refString="Hiern, WP, 1896. Catalogue of the African plants collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853-1861. Dicotyledons, Part I. British Museum, London" title="Catalogue of the African plants collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853 - 1861. Dicotyledons, Part I." year="1896">Hiern (1896</bibRefCitation>
, p. 10)], 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">F. Welwitsch distrib. no. 757</emphasis>
(lectotype: BM! [000511059, flowering specimen on lower half of sheet], photos GH! NY!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engler &amp; Diels" authorityYear="1899" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia antunesii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antunesii">Xylopia antunesii</taxonomicName>
Engler &amp; Diels, Notizbl. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Königl">Koenigl</normalizedToken>
. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 299. 1899.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1903" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopicrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopicrum antunesii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antunesii">Xylopicrum antunesii</taxonomicName>
(Engler &amp; Diels) Kuntze, Deutsch. Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173-174. 1903. Type. ANGOLA. Benguella, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huíla">Huila</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">J. M. Antunes 64</emphasis>
(holotype: B! [100153150]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Shrub</emphasis>
or tree up to 9 m tall, d.b.h. up to 15 cm, with wide-spreading crown; bark light gray to brown, smooth or flaking. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Twigs</emphasis>
brown to dark brown, densely pubescent, the hairs 0.2-0.6 mm long, eventually light gray, reddish brown or brownish gray, glabrate; nodes occasionally with two axillary branches. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Leaf</emphasis>
with larger blades 4.7-6.9 cm long, 2.2-3.3 cm wide, subcoriaceous to chartaceous, concolorous, oblong, lanceolate-oblong, or elliptic, occasionally ovate, oblanceolate, or obovate, apex obtuse or rounded, occasionally broadly acute, base broadly cuneate 
<pageBreakToken pageId="104" pageNumber="105" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
rounded, sparsely pubescent (usually denser on the midrib) adaxially, pubescent abaxially; midrib raised to plane adaxially, raised abaxially, secondary veins weakly brochidodromous to camptodromous, 6-11 per side, diverging at 45-70° from the midrib, slightly raised on both surfaces, higher-order veins raised on both surfaces; petiole 3.5-8 mm long, shallowly canaliculate, densely pubescent. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Inflorescences</emphasis>
axillary, 1-3-flowered, the pedicels arising separately from axil, only rarely 2 from a short common peduncle, pubescent; pedicels 3.5-7 mm long, 1.3-1.5 mm thick, pubescent; bracts 1-2, attached near the midpoint, caducous, 1.1-2 mm long, semicircular, apex obtuse to rounded, pubescent abaxially; buds linear, often falciform, apex acute, base bulbous. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Sepals</emphasis>
somewhat spreading at anthesis, 1/4-2/5-connate, 2.0-3.0 mm long, 2.3-4.5 mm wide, coriaceous, broadly triangular to semicircular, apex acute to obtuse, pubescent abaxially. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Petals</emphasis>
creamy yellow, greenish yellow, or dull yellow 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">in vivo</emphasis>
; outer petals spreading to recurved at anthesis, 17.2-33.5 mm long, 3.4-3.9 mm wide at base, 1.0-1.7 mm wide at midpoint, coriaceous, linear, often somewhat falcate, apex acute to obtuse, keeled on abaxial surface, gray-puberulent adaxially, yellow-brown sericeous abaxially; inner petals spreading to recurved at anthesis, 12.8-24.6 mm long, 2.1-3.0 mm wide at base, 0.6-1.0 mm wide at midpoint, coriaceous, linear, apex acute, base with undifferentiated margin, longitudinally ridged on both surfaces, densely puberulent on both surfaces except for glabrous base. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Stamens</emphasis>
160-200; fertile stamens 1.1-1.6 mm long, narrowly oblong to clavate, apex of connective 0.1-0.3 mm long, shieldlike, overhanging anther thecae, glabrous or minutely papillate, anthers 9-12-locellate, filament 0.3-0.5 mm long; outer staminodes 1.6-1.8 mm long, quadrate or broadly clavate, apex obtuse to truncate; inner staminodes 0.9 mm long, broadly clavate, apex truncate; staminal cone 1.7-2.4 mm in diameter, 1.0-1.4 mm high, completely concealing the ovaries, rim even. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Carpels</emphasis>
7-10; ovaries ca. 0.8 mm long, stigmas more or less connivent, 2.5-2.6 mm long, linear, apices acute, with a tuft of yellow to rusty hairs. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Torus</emphasis>
slightly concave beneath the ovaries, otherwise flat, 1.9-2.8 mm in diameter. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fruit</emphasis>
of up to 7 glabrate monocarps borne on a pedicel 7-8 mm long, 1.9-2.5 mm thick, sparsely pubescent; torus of fruit ca. 3 mm in diameter, ca. 2.5 mm high, ovoid to globose. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Monocarps</emphasis>
with green to red exterior 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">in vivo</emphasis>
, endocarp color unknown, 1.8-2.6 cm long, 1.0-1.3 cm wide, ca. 0.8 cm thick, oblong, sometimes weakly torulose, apex obtuse with a short beak 1-2 mm long, base subsessile or contracted into a stipe 2.5-7 mm long, 2.5 mm thick, strongly rugose, occasionally pruinose; pericarp 0.2-0.4 mm thick. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Seeds</emphasis>
up to 4 per monocarp, in a single row, lying oblique to perpendicular to long axis, 10.3-12.2 mm long, 6.7-7.7 mm wide, 5.1-6.1 mm thick, ellipsoid, semicircular in cross-section, narrowed and truncate at micropylar end, rounded at chalazal end, brown, smooth, dull, raphe/antiraphe not evident, micropylar scar 1.5 mm long, 1.0-1.5 mm wide; sarcotesta red 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">in vivo</emphasis>
; aril absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Specimens with flowers have been collected from January to May and those with fruits from December to February.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Distributions of Xylopia shirensis, X. odoratissima, X. holtzii, X. gracilipes, X. nilotica, and X. torrei. Bolder lines represent country borders, fainter lines lakes and major rivers." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199111" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">26</figureCitation>
). Southern Angola and northeastern Namibia, east to western Zambia and south to northern Botswana and west-central Zimbabwe; most fre 
<pageBreakToken pageId="105" pageNumber="106" start="start">quently</pageBreakToken>
reported from woodlands on Kalahari sands dominated by 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Baikiaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baikiaea plurijuga" order="Fabales" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plurijuga">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Baikiaea plurijuga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(mukusi, Rhodesian teak), occasionally in miombo woodland dominated by 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachystegia spiciformis" order="Fabales" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spiciformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Brachystegia spiciformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or occasionally from the edges of riverbanks; 900-2000 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="local names">
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Local names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
Mtjibi wenduna (Sindebele, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Goldsmith 51/56</emphasis>
), omuriandele (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Antunes &amp; Dekindt 3142</emphasis>
), setundewanga (Sik, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Pardy 4805</emphasis>
), situndu bawanga (Lozi, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">White 2062</emphasis>
), situnduboanga (Barotze, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Jenkins 1</emphasis>
), situndubwanga (
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Bantu,”">&quot;Bantu,&quot;</normalizedToken>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">McFerren 30</emphasis>
), umtshibi omduna (Ndebele, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Mashasha 169</emphasis>
). On the label of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">White 2062</emphasis>
, it is explained that the name situndu bawanga is translated as &quot;That which cannot be left,&quot; attesting to the medicinal properties attributed to the plant by local people.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1860-01" collectingDateMax="2009-01-26" collectingDateMin="1860-01" collectorName="de Lopolo, Antunes, Dekindt, Bester, Humber A, Bonnefousc, Villain, Kubango, Princeza Amelia, Gossweiler, Mannyino, Herbar., Ganguelas, Cubango, Mendes, M. Catolica do Mennhino, Santos, Quilengues, Lucondo, Teixeira, Andrade, Lopolo, Welwitsch" country="ANGOLA" county="Polygonal Florestal da Humpata" elevation="1800" latitude="-14.981916" location="Catolica do Mennhino" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="13.433778" municipality="Vila Artur de Paiva" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Huila">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectingCountry name="Angola">ANGOLA</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huíla">
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Huila">Huila</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
, clairieres de la montagne 
<collectorName>de Lopolo</collectorName>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="m" value="1800.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1900-12">Dec 1900</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Antunes</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Dekindt</collectorName>
3142
</emphasis>
(P-3 sheets); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huíla">
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Huila">Huila</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
, 
<collectingCounty>Polygonal Florestal da Humpata</collectingCounty>
, ca. 
<locationDeviation location="Humpata">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
NE of Humpata
</locationDeviation>
, ca. 
<locationDeviation location="Lubongo">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
SW of Lubongo
</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="54.9" value="-14.981916">14°58'54.9&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="01.6" value="13.433778">13°26'01.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.018" unit="m" value="2018.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.018" unit="m" value="2018.0">2018 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2009-01-26">26 Jan 2009</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Bester</collectorName>
9279
</emphasis>
(MO); 
<collectorName>Humber A</collectorName>
bords du 
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Cunene">Cunene</collectingRegion>
, Tyipelongo-Mucope-Danguena, 1910-1920 (fl, fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Bonnefousc</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Villain</collectorName>
92°2
</emphasis>
(P); at 
<collectorName>Kubango</collectorName>
near the forte 
<collectorName>Princeza Amelia</collectorName>
, s. d. (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Gossweiler</collectorName>
3940
</emphasis>
(BM, K); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bié">
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Bie">Bie</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
, 
<collectorName>Kubango</collectorName>
, 1905 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Gossweiler</collectorName>
4043
</emphasis>
(BM); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huíla">
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Huila">Huila</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
, 
<collectorName>Mannyino</collectorName>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" unit="m" value="1760.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" unit="m" value="1760.0">1760 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1901-01">Jan 1901</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Herbar.</collectorName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huíla">
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Huila">Huila</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
276
</emphasis>
(A); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huíla">
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Huila">Huila</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
[or 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bié">
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Bie">Bie</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
], 
<collectorName>Ganguelas</collectorName>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Vila Artur de Paiva</collectingMunicipality>
, margens do 
<collectorName>Cubango</collectorName>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" unit="m" value="1450.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" unit="m" value="1450.0">1450 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1960-01-12">12 Jan 1960</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Mendes</collectorName>
2086
</emphasis>
(MO); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huíla">
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Huila">Huila</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huíla">
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Huila">Huila</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="próx">prox</normalizedToken>
. da 
<collectorName>
M. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:25AFECC40CE534BA4E04E5AA40B65662" country="ANGOLA" county="Polygonal Florestal da Humpata" latitude="-14.981916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="13.433778" municipality="Vila Artur de Paiva" name="Catolica do Mennhino" stateProvince="Huila">Catolica do Mennhino</location>
</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate value="1955-02-06">6 Feb 1955</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Santos</collectorName>
92
</emphasis>
(MO, WAG); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huíla">
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Huila">Huila</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
, 
<collectorName>Quilengues</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Lucondo</collectorName>
, ca. 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1959-10-28">28 Oct 1959</collectingDate>
(st), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Teixeira</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Andrade</collectorName>
358
</emphasis>
(PRE); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huíla">
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Huila">Huila</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
, prope 
<collectorName>Lopolo</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate value="1860-01">Jan 1860</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Welwitsch</collectorName>
92
</emphasis>
(BM)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1958-02-10" collectingDateMax="1977-04-24" collectingDateMin="1958-02-10" collectorName="Andara, R. C, Mueller, Giess, Vahrmeijer, du Preez" country="NAMIBIA" county="Eastern" location="Katima Mulilo" municipality="Katima Mulilo District" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caprivi">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectingCountry name="Namibia">NAMIBIA</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty>Eastern</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Zambezi">Caprivi</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Katima Mulilo District</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:BBD8639F1E827C1626D4E0015E143971" country="NAMIBIA" county="Eastern" municipality="Katima Mulilo District" name="Katima Mulilo" stateProvince="Caprivi">Katima Mulilo</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1971-02-17">17 Feb 1971</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Breitenbach 1312</emphasis>
(PRE); 
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Kavango West">Kavango</collectingRegion>
Andara at camp of Dept. Agriculture, Grid Ref. 1821 AB, 
<collectingDate value="1958-02-10">10 Feb 1958</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Hilbert 158</emphasis>
(K); Eastern 
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Zambezi">Caprivi</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:F7ED044817FD79E503D4C68A5C7F0D99" country="NAMIBIA" county="Eastern" municipality="Katima Mulilo District" name="Katima Mulilo District" stateProvince="Caprivi">Katima Mulilo District</location>
, Katima Mulilo, 
<collectingDate value="1968-02-11">11 Feb 1968</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">McFerren 30</emphasis>
(PRE); 
<collectorName>Andara, R. C</collectorName>
. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:FD64FF9BB92D3BB2C4DAB3C41E31F48A" country="NAMIBIA" county="Eastern" municipality="Katima Mulilo District" name="Miss. Station" stateProvince="Caprivi">Miss. Station</location>
, on Island near camp on bank of river, 
<collectingDate value="1977-04-24">24 Apr 1977</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">
<collectorName>Mueller</collectorName>
</normalizedToken>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Giess</collectorName>
533
</emphasis>
(PRE); 
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Kavango West">Okavango</collectingRegion>
Territory, Andara Camp, 
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Kavango West">Okavango</collectingRegion>
River banks, 
<collectingDate value="1966-03-18">18 Mar 1966</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Tinley 1414</emphasis>
(PRE, WAG); O 
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Zambezi">Caprivi</collectingRegion>
, Katima Mulilo, 
<collectingDate value="1975-01-30">30 Jan 1975</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Vahrmeijer</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>du Preez</collectorName>
2508
</emphasis>
(PRE)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1930-02-12" collectingDateMax="1999-02-16" collectingDateMin="1930-02-12" collectorName="Bingham, Luwiika, L. F. No., Zimba, Province, Kalahari, S. N. Western Rhodesia, Martin" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" elevation="1020" latitude="-15.376917" location="Livingstone" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectingCountry name="Zambia">ZAMBIA</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty>Southern</collectingCounty>
: 
<collectingMunicipality>Livingstone District</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:48D4BC417A138CC323C7977A31D37CF7" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" latitude="-15.376917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" name="Livingstone">Livingstone</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1956-02-12">12 Feb 1956</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:107F5200B9B7FF9E367F5DAACA95DEE3" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" latitude="-15.376917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" name="Gilges">Gilges</location>
586
</emphasis>
(K, PRE); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:A0C1BCDF87C108913009247955A477AC" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" latitude="-15.376917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" name="Livingstone">Livingstone</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1930-02-12">12 Feb 1930</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:781A04ADFA75C986954AFCF9A3BE1217" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" latitude="-15.376917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" name="Jenkins">Jenkins</location>
1
</emphasis>
(BM); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:EDFFD89B8CA793E874F611FEF63E9DC8" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" latitude="-15.376917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" name="Livingstone">Livingstone</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1963-02-22">22 Feb 1963</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:9AE47EEC55F56152941D61B81AFF5265" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" latitude="-15.376917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" name="Lawton">Lawton</location>
1041
</emphasis>
(K).-
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:4280220B598F2298432B1D7D32DC2DC1" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" latitude="-15.376917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" name="Western">Western</location>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:B630B7A94903E7D4201041F01A389410" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" latitude="-15.376917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" name="Mongu District">Mongu District</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:316F75E79ED48D649A75E4BB1526D66A" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" latitude="-15.376917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" name="Makapaela">Makapaela</location>
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Hominidae" genus="Pan" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pan" order="Primates" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pan</taxonomicName>
, 
<locationDeviation location="Mongu">
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
N of Mongu
</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.033334">15°02'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="23.233334">23°14'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" unit="m" value="1020.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" unit="m" value="1020.0">1020 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1999-02-15">15 Feb 1999</collectingDate>
(fl, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Bingham</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Luwiika</collectorName>
11893
</emphasis>
(K); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:76C2D9B7F2CE5AF5D734788E0309F928" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" latitude="-15.376917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" name="Mongu District">Mongu District</location>
, Kataba local forest, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
[
<normalizedToken originalValue="“mm”">&quot;mm&quot;</normalizedToken>
] 
<locationDeviation location="Mongu">SE of Mongu</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.45">15°27'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="23.266666">23°16'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" unit="m" value="1030.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" unit="m" value="1030.0">1030 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1999-02-16">16 Feb 1999</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Bingham</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Luwiika</collectorName>
11905
</emphasis>
(K); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:6F9DA8F9E069DB059078E32BF7D240D7" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" latitude="-15.376917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" name="Shisheke District">Shisheke District</location>
<locationDeviation location="Senanga">
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" unit="km" value="103.0">103 km</quantity>
SE of Senanga
</locationDeviation>
on road to Sesheke, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" unit="m" value="1050.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1975-02-01">1 Feb 1975</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Brummitt et al. 14224</emphasis>
(EA, MO, RSA, WAG); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:461619F6C59D2285C83BB495AB3CD1D8" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" latitude="-15.376917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" name="Kalabo District">Kalabo District</location>
[&quot;Barotse Province&quot;], near Kalabo Boma, 
<collectingDate value="1952-02-13">13 Feb 1952</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">White 2062</emphasis>
(BM, K); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:DB6D61430704C97C930F19C1B8970BDA" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" latitude="-15.376917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" name="Kalabo District">Kalabo District</location>
, 
<locationDeviation location="Kama Health Center">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" unit="km" value="5.6">5.6 km</quantity>
W of Kama Health Center
</locationDeviation>
, 
<locationDeviation location="Lukona Secondary School in Kalamaba">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" unit="km" value="5.5">5.5 km</quantity>
E of Lukona Secondary School in Kalamaba
</locationDeviation>
<collectorName>L. F. No.</collectorName>
379, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="36.9" value="-15.376917">15°22'36.9&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.5" value="22.895695">22°53'44.5&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" unit="m" value="930.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" unit="m" value="930.0">930 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1996-03-21">21 Mar 1996</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Zimba</collectorName>
et al. 829
</emphasis>
(MO, PRE).-
<collectorName>Province</collectorName>
unknown: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1865" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Baikiaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baikiaea" order="Fabales" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Baikiaea</taxonomicName>
forest region, 
<collectorName>Kalahari</collectorName>
sand, 
<collectorName>
S. N. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:22B75633642FF6D6E95A484F2C123FCD" country="ZAMBIA" county="Southern" latitude="-15.376917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.895695" municipality="Livingstone District" name="Western Rhodesia">Western Rhodesia</location>
</collectorName>
, 1937 (st), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Martin</collectorName>
786
</emphasis>
(BM)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1936-04" collectorName="Miller B" country="BOTSWANA" location="Kazungula" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectingCountry name="Botswana">BOTSWANA</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:6FE07FB1EA7A1CB3B49F706FE2EF2667" country="BOTSWANA" name="Kazungula">Kazungula</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1936-04">Apr 1936</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectorName>Miller B</collectorName>
132
</emphasis>
(BM)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1898-05" collectingDateMax="1980-02-14" collectingDateMin="1898-05" collectorName="Goldsmith, Kandanda, Mshasha, Pardy, Rand" country="ZIMBABWE" county="Wankie District" elevation="914" location="Armitage" municipality="Fuller Forest Reserve" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bulawayo">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<collectingCountry name="Zimbabwe">ZIMBABWE</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty>Wankie District</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Fuller Forest Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingDate value="1960-03">Mar 1960</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:37C38DBB7181660094CE3D301647866E" country="ZIMBABWE" county="Wankie District" municipality="Fuller Forest Reserve" name="Armitage" stateProvince="Bulawayo">Armitage</location>
102/60
</emphasis>
(MO); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:4399092A042C497C4B60BB820D2C6701" country="ZIMBABWE" county="Wankie District" municipality="Fuller Forest Reserve" name="Victoria Falls" stateProvince="Bulawayo">Victoria Falls</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1932-03-10" valueMax="1932-03-15" valueMin="1932-03-10">10-15 Mar 1932</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:DFEA47BCEDD1B162A97621C2A4D9853D" country="ZIMBABWE" county="Wankie District" municipality="Fuller Forest Reserve" name="Brain" stateProvince="Bulawayo">Brain</location>
8875
</emphasis>
(K, MO); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:FE950679243B5C16D63C864A42D8E2AC" country="ZIMBABWE" county="Wankie District" municipality="Fuller Forest Reserve" name="Shangani" stateProvince="Bulawayo">Shangani</location>
/
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:2732D234B0F469144C4518C917A889C1" country="ZIMBABWE" county="Wankie District" municipality="Fuller Forest Reserve" name="Bubi District" stateProvince="Bulawayo">Bubi District</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:929C9FEC77718F2F91322CF506ADEEDF" country="ZIMBABWE" county="Wankie District" municipality="Fuller Forest Reserve" name="Gwampa Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Bulawayo">
Gwampa Forest 
<pageBreakToken pageId="106" pageNumber="107" start="start">Reserve</pageBreakToken>
</location>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" unit="ft" value="3000.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" unit="ft" value="3000.0">3000 ft</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1956-02">Feb 1956</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<collectorName>Goldsmith</collectorName>
51/56
</emphasis>
(K, PRE); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:2278DFD39FFC3A1D05E8CFA0B4500F4F" country="ZIMBABWE" county="Wankie District" municipality="Fuller Forest Reserve" name="Wankie District" stateProvince="Bulawayo">Wankie District</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:0FE3E3F00C19285D8D58988FED02CF56" country="ZIMBABWE" county="Wankie District" municipality="Fuller Forest Reserve" name="Victoria Falls National Park" stateProvince="Bulawayo">Victoria Falls National Park</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1980-02-14">14 Feb 1980</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<collectorName>Kandanda</collectorName>
11
</emphasis>
([= s. n. at B?], MO); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:D07BE29C177243726FFB8E9A19F00DF8" country="ZIMBABWE" county="Wankie District" municipality="Fuller Forest Reserve" name="Wankie District" stateProvince="Bulawayo">Wankie District</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:0D5FA4483E72A5F7C270EEFDF2857235" country="ZIMBABWE" county="Wankie District" municipality="Fuller Forest Reserve" name="Victoria Falls village" stateProvince="Bulawayo">Victoria Falls village</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1979-01-24">24 Jan 1979</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<collectorName>Mshasha</collectorName>
169
</emphasis>
(K, MO, WAG); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:9BF40B3C121D142CADF47BE00C261ABD" country="ZIMBABWE" county="Wankie District" municipality="Fuller Forest Reserve" name="Nyamanahlovu Dist." stateProvince="Bulawayo">Nyamanahlovu Dist.</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1929-01">Jan 1929</collectingDate>
(fr ped), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<collectorName>Pardy</collectorName>
4502
</emphasis>
(MO); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:34781B5D26E394D04994A17653B81663" country="ZIMBABWE" county="Wankie District" municipality="Fuller Forest Reserve" name="Nyamanahlovu Dist." stateProvince="Bulawayo">Nyamanahlovu Dist.</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1931-01">Jan 1931</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<collectorName>Pardy</collectorName>
4805
</emphasis>
(B, BM, K); 
<collectingRegion country="Zimbabwe" name="Bulawayo">Bulawayo</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingDate value="1898-05">May 1898</collectingDate>
(st), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<collectorName>Rand</collectorName>
422
</emphasis>
(BM)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia odoratissima" order="Magnoliales" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odoratissima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Xylopia odoratissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a shrub or spreading treelet with uniformly small leaves and with an inflorescence consisting of 1-3 flowers. The petals are long and often falcate at the apices, even in bud. The outer petals are widened abruptly at the base, such that the flower buds appear bulbous. The monocarps are reported to be red at maturity, and are prominently rugose when dried. Purple coloration at the bases of the inner petals is apparently absent (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Flowers of representative Xylopia species. A Flower from type collection of Xylopia globosa from Gabon B Xylopia tenuipetala from Mozambique C Xylopia quintasii from Gabon D Xylopia aethiopica from Gabon E Xylopia longipetala from Mali, representing a record for the country not otherwise documented F Xylopia piratae from Ivory Coast G Xylopia odoratissima from Zambia H Xylopia arenaria from Tanzania I Xylopia collina from Tanzania. A, D by Thomas L. P. Couvreur B by Frances Chase C by Ehoarn Bidault E by Philip Birnbaum F by Celine Pirat G by Warren McClelland H and I by D. M. Johnson." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199088" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">3G</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia odoratissima" order="Magnoliales" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odoratissima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Xylopia odoratissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species restricted to the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1865" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Baikiaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baikiaea" order="Fabales" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Baikiaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachystegia" order="Fabales" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Brachystegia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
woodlands on Kalahari sands from 
<collectingCountry name="Angola">Angola</collectingCountry>
to western 
<collectingCountry name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
, where it occurs with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pax" authorityYear="1899" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Pseudolachnostylis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudolachnostylis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Pseudolachnostylis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliv" authorityYear="1871" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parinari mobola" order="Malpighiales" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="mobola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Parinari mobola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as associates. It seems not to occur north or east of the Zambezi River, where it is replaced by 
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. M. Johnson &amp; N. A. Murray" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="D. M. Johnson &amp; N. A. Murray" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia shirensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shirensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Xylopia shirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which, while similar, can grow to be a tree up to 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
tall and has larger leaves that are more variable in shape. The petals of 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. shirensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="shirensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">X. shirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are shorter and seldom falcate, and the inner petals have purple coloration at the base. The outer petals narrow gradually, and the widening of the base of the buds is therefore gradual as well. The monocarps are reported to be green at maturity, and are smooth or at most weakly wrinkled when dried.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
Collectors frequently remark on the fragrance of the flowers. Welwitsch (as translated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Hiern, WP" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" refId="B72" refString="Hiern, WP, 1896. Catalogue of the African plants collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853-1861. Dicotyledons, Part I. British Museum, London" title="Catalogue of the African plants collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853 - 1861. Dicotyledons, Part I." year="1896">Hiern 1896</bibRefCitation>
) wrote &quot;flowers very fragrant, exceeded in the pleasantness of the aroma only by the species of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Schrebera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schrebera" order="Celastrales" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Schrebera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but their fragrance is far more intense.&quot; The label of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Jenkins 1</emphasis>
, from southern 
<collectingCountry name="Zambia">Zambia</collectingCountry>
, states &quot;scent much resembling a sweet pea. Only noticeable after sunset. Then the tree → v. fragrant.&quot;
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
Typification of names based on Welwitsch collections is problematic because Welwitsch held his specimens privately, and they were not distributed to herbaria until after his death. As explained by 
<bibRefCitation author="Albuquerque, S" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="641 - 646" refId="B6" refString="Albuquerque, S, Brummitt, RK, Figuereido, E, 2009. Typification of names based on the Angolan collections of Friedrich Welwitsch. Taxon 58 (2): 641 - 646" title="Typification of names based on the Angolan collections of Friedrich Welwitsch." volume="58" year="2009">Albuquerque et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, the bulk of the collection was returned to LISU during the period 1876 to 1879. The second-best set remained at BM, and duplicates were distributed from LISU to other herbaria later on.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
In this particular case, Welwitsch must have shown his collections to Daniel Oliver for use in preparing the first volume of the Flora of Tropical Africa, published in 1868, that is, while they were still in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Welwitsch’s">Welwitsch's</normalizedToken>
private collection and had not been divided up into sets. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oliver’s">Oliver's</normalizedToken>
protologue gives a detailed description of the plant, in particular of the flowers. The fruits are described briefly and the seeds not at all. One of the specimens with flowers therefore seems to be the most appropriate choice as a 
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
According to 
<bibRefCitation author="Hiern, WP" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" refId="B72" refString="Hiern, WP, 1896. Catalogue of the African plants collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853-1861. Dicotyledons, Part I. British Museum, London" title="Catalogue of the African plants collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853 - 1861. Dicotyledons, Part I." year="1896">Hiern (1896)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia odoratissima" order="Magnoliales" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odoratissima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Xylopia odoratissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found by Welwitsch in flower in December of 1859 and in January and February of 1860. Welwitsch numbered his collections as he curated them, grouping together all collections thought to represent the same species under the same collection number (
<bibRefCitation author="Albuquerque, S" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="641 - 646" refId="B6" refString="Albuquerque, S, Brummitt, RK, Figuereido, E, 2009. Typification of names based on the Angolan collections of Friedrich Welwitsch. Taxon 58 (2): 641 - 646" title="Typification of names based on the Angolan collections of Friedrich Welwitsch." volume="58" year="2009">Albuquerque et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
). All of the collections seem to have come from the same locality, so the only piece of information that can separate them is the date. Unfortunately, most of the duplicates seen lack a specific date.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<pageBreakToken pageId="107" pageNumber="108" start="start">A</pageBreakToken>
branch with flowers in the lower half of sheet 000511059 at BM is chosen as the 
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
. It is accompanied by a handwritten label that specifies Lopollo 
<date value="1859-12">Dec. 1859</date>
. Photographs of this specimen have been distributed to a number of herbaria. In the absence of information about the date of collection, however, 
<typeStatus isOtherTypeStatus="true">other specimens</typeStatus>
with flowers are not considered isolectotypes, although with better information, they may be identifiable as such in the future. For example, some of the specimens with flowers have leaves that have dried a darker color than those of the BM specimen. A specimen at LISU, which we viewed through JSTOR Global Plants, has been annotated as the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“holotype,”">
&quot;
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
,&quot;
</normalizedToken>
but it cannot be so, given that the original description was based upon multiple gatherings. In addition, the date given on the specimen is 
<date value="1860-04">April 1860</date>
, which does not accord with the flowering times for the species given in 
<bibRefCitation author="Hiern, WP" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" refId="B72" refString="Hiern, WP, 1896. Catalogue of the African plants collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853-1861. Dicotyledons, Part I. British Museum, London" title="Catalogue of the African plants collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853 - 1861. Dicotyledons, Part I." year="1896">Hiern (1896)</bibRefCitation>
, and we cannot see the specimen well enough to tell if it has flowers or fruits on it. For the record, we have seen 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Welwitsch 
<specimenCount type="generic">757 specimens</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
from B (single sheet, flowering specimen, printed ticket without date, only information written on the label is 757 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia odoratissima" order="Magnoliales" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odoratissima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Xylopia odoratissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Welw.), BM (non-lectotype material on sheet 000511059), C (two sheets, seen via JSTOR), G (single sheet, specimen with flowers but leaves are darker than on BM sheet), K, LD, LISU (2 sheets), M, P (2 sheets, one ex herb. Pierre), and PRE.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" location="The" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:EF1D57AA8ACB0B0EC324A40C3D79FEFD" name="The">The</location>
<typeStatus>syntype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="Congo" location="Smith" municipality="River" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9DB6B04F32A75E94F75D0BC7A8A4EA9:87D0040AEB63295BBACB05029CE498DA" country="Congo" municipality="River" name="Smith">Smith</location>
s. n.
</emphasis>
, from the 
<collectingCountry name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo</collectingCountry>
<collectingMunicipality>River</collectingMunicipality>
, is 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia longipetala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipetala">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Xylopia longipetala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and does not seem to have contributed significantly, if at all, to the protologue of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia odoratissima" order="Magnoliales" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odoratissima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Xylopia odoratissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is therefore excluded as a possible 
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>