treatments-xml/data/F9/98/1D/F9981DEF00279C9839A42A36EEB34D82.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b857f7-25c1-4b21-9d39-4510ab675fca" ID-PMC="PMC7655787" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-983-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" ID-PubMed="33244289" ID-ZooBank="7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-983-1" checkinTime="1604475085656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. &amp; Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2020" docId="F9981DEF00279C9839A42A36EEB34D82" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 983: 1-442" docOrigin="ZooKeys 983" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" docTitle="Euwallacea fornicatior" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169715782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-3736</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">camptocerus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>983</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-983-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754750" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9981DEF00279C9839A42A36EEB34D82" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9981DEF00279C9839A42A36EEB34D82" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="(Eggers)" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euwallacea fornicatior" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fornicatior">Euwallacea fornicatior (Eggers)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Euwallacea andamanensis, 2.8 - 3.4 mm (A, B, I), E. destruens, 3.9 - 4.6 mm (C, D, J), E. fornicatior, 2.20 - 2.37 mm (E, F, K), and E. fornicatus, 2.6 - 2.7 mm (G, H, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470854" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 54E, F, K</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus fornicatior" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fornicatior">Xyleborus fornicatior</taxonomicName>
Eggers, 1923: 184.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euwallacea fornicatior" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fornicatior">Euwallacea fornicatior</taxonomicName>
(Eggers): 
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1553" refId="B490" refString="Wood, SL, Bright, DE, 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13: 1 - 1553" title="A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index." volume="13" year="1992">Wood and Bright 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 690 (as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName family="Curculionidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. fornicatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fornicatus">E. fornicatus</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus schultzei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schultzei">Xyleborus schultzei</taxonomicName>
Schedl, 1951a: 68. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" author="Smith, SM" journalOrPublisher="Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 261" refId="B445" refString="Smith, SM, Gomez, DF, Beaver, RA, Hulcr, J, Cognato, AI, 2019b. Reassessment of the species in the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) complex after the rediscovery of the &quot;lost&quot; type specimen. Insects 10: 1 - 261, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" title="Reassessment of the species in the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) complex after the rediscovery of the &quot; lost &quot; type specimen." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" volume="10" year="2019 b">Smith et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
: 6.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus fornicatior" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fornicatior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus fornicatior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NMNH). 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lectotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus schultzei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schultzei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus schultzei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMW).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2.2-2.37 mm long (mean = 2.3 mm; n = 5); 2.15-2.35 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the pronotum basic (type 2) when viewed dorsally, anterior margin appearing rounded; declivity rounded; declivital face convex; protibiae outer margins rounded with six or seven socketed denticles, denticles small, their sockets small; declivital surface shiny; declivital interstriae bearing sparse small granules; and declivital posterolateral margin costate. This species is part of the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichhoff" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euwallacea fornicatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fornicatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Euwallacea fornicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex and the most reliable method to ensure accurate identification of these species is through generation of COI barcoding sequences (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixy018" author="Gomez, DF" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B176" refString="Gomez, DF, Skelton, J, Steininger, MS, Stouthamer, R, Rugman-Jones, P, Sittichaya, W, Rabaglia, RJ, Hulcr, J, 2018b. Species within the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) complex revealed by morphometric and phylogenetic analyses. Insect Systematics and Diversity 2 (6): 1 - 11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixy018" title="Species within the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) complex revealed by morphometric and phylogenetic analyses." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixy018" volume="2" year="2018 b">Gomez et al. 2018b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" author="Smith, SM" journalOrPublisher="Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 261" refId="B445" refString="Smith, SM, Gomez, DF, Beaver, RA, Hulcr, J, Cognato, AI, 2019b. Reassessment of the species in the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) complex after the rediscovery of the &quot;lost&quot; type specimen. Insects 10: 1 - 261, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" title="Reassessment of the species in the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) complex after the rediscovery of the &quot; lost &quot; type specimen." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" volume="10" year="2019 b">Smith et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
). Specimens of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. fornicatior" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fornicatior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. fornicatior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be morphologically diagnosed through a combination of overlapping elytral and pronotal measurements and number of socketed denticles on the protibiae given in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative table of measurements (mm) for the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex from Smith et al. (2019). Measurements for total length, pronotal and elytral width, length / width ratios are measured in dorsal view while pronotal and elytral length are measured in lateral view on a diagonal (Gomez et al. 2018 b)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1CD5C5BF8281A0B48C672264770859DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="1CD5C5BF8281A0B48C672264770859DC">2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species is nearly identical to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. geminus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="geminus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. geminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. malloti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="malloti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. malloti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and can be separated by the elytral bases rounded and posterolateral declivital margin carinate and never granulate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species is part of the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichhoff" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euwallacea fornicatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fornicatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Euwallacea fornicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex along with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. fornicatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fornicatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. fornicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. kuroshio" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kuroshio">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. kuroshio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. perbrevis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perbrevis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. perbrevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from which it is difficult to distinguish. The species is also similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. andamanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. geminus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="geminus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. geminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. malloti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="malloti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. malloti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. neptis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="neptis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. neptis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. semirudis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="semirudis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. semirudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. testudinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="testudinatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. testudinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. velatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="velatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. velatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
China (Sichuan), Federated States of Micronesia, India (Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu), Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi), East &amp; West Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Thailand (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" author="Smith, SM" journalOrPublisher="Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 261" refId="B445" refString="Smith, SM, Gomez, DF, Beaver, RA, Hulcr, J, Cognato, AI, 2019b. Reassessment of the species in the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) complex after the rediscovery of the &quot;lost&quot; type specimen. Insects 10: 1 - 261, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" title="Reassessment of the species in the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) complex after the rediscovery of the &quot; lost &quot; type specimen." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" volume="10" year="2019 b">Smith et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Recorded from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Albizzia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Albizzia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Albizzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Tephrosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tephrosia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tephrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
), durian (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Durio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Durio zibethinus" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zibethinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Durio zibethinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<taxonomicName family="Malvaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
), breadfruit (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Artocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Artocarpus altilis" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Artocarpus altilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<taxonomicName family="Moraceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
) and tea (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Camellia sinensis" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Camellia sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<taxonomicName family="Theaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" author="Smith, SM" journalOrPublisher="Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 261" refId="B445" refString="Smith, SM, Gomez, DF, Beaver, RA, Hulcr, J, Cognato, AI, 2019b. Reassessment of the species in the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) complex after the rediscovery of the &quot;lost&quot; type specimen. Insects 10: 1 - 261, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" title="Reassessment of the species in the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) complex after the rediscovery of the &quot; lost &quot; type specimen." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" volume="10" year="2019 b">Smith et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Due to longstanding confusion of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. fornicatior" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fornicatior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. fornicatior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. fornicatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fornicatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. fornicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. perbrevis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perbrevis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. perbrevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is quite difficult to unravel the published accounts of the biology of each species. All three species occur sympatrically on Sri Lanka where most of the natural history studies were undertaken. See the discussion on the identity of the tea shot hole borer in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" author="Smith, SM" journalOrPublisher="Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 261" refId="B445" refString="Smith, SM, Gomez, DF, Beaver, RA, Hulcr, J, Cognato, AI, 2019b. Reassessment of the species in the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) complex after the rediscovery of the &quot;lost&quot; type specimen. Insects 10: 1 - 261, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" title="Reassessment of the species in the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) complex after the rediscovery of the &quot; lost &quot; type specimen." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10090261" volume="10" year="2019 b">Smith et al. (2019b)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>