plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/F8/6D/87/F86D87D6583B0831FEC8D05E22254B2D.xml
maintenance 8429ad7d95 added F8
2024-06-21 12:58:28 +02:00

864 lines
112 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="7D43ECE2A4E5311D67C9939FDAE46A69" ID-CLB-Dataset="51054" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171062" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5e5eb584-e092-4ac2-a111-26a9b0a63d6a" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171062" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459718110913" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Acosta, Luis E." docDate="2005" docId="F86D87D6583B0831FEC8D05E22254B2D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00916.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 916" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Orobothriurus bivittatus Thorell 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="0454FFAE5839083BFFC0D447210C4C63" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery of Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n. in the Sierra del Tontal, Argentina (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae)" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698212125469" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="B4E5BA76538E89D8656CB040D230C929" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E1103A6971DBD1473B7A210BDF7EF53A">
<mods:title id="27E032B34227893B2ED58AABC71CDD4F">Rediscovery of Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n. in the Sierra del Tontal, Argentina (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="ED5D23BC0659EF23C9D625D0DF9F98D0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F45BFFB5DB334BBEDA5A9AFB4BA39E21">
<mods:roleTerm id="A8F5AF86622B91359D4E12758D075C44">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D5B2796CF182370010647B89B9F17B4F">Acosta, Luis E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4DB00D928D6D0D32FFFB827B9B163568">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="47747538A096931B6C6B68F7A221F06C" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="3D31613B454937524F31F8DBF6347E5C">
<mods:title id="28A85D14F3FCC9909DB61598CBDA3132">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D9F53B96972C510AA4AB0497DCE93CCA">
<mods:date id="F9E6AB0857996C0E7C3261581C24B7EF">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="01B63E65EF6E582A624ED63DAFA8EBC5" type="volume">
<mods:number id="134361DBF5E9C4223E5B1F29D4698715">916</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="261FA0D1606C97606D7B8F7A8C50B945" unit="page">
<mods:start id="6F115C106937ECCB3D3E50F5DFB72EED">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="40DC8EE02716991526F7D5B00A616857">15</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="E6768A1F64C7B6F0F38183152325E870">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1FF39CB7B1F5DDC26C637088ACE348DD" type="CLB-Dataset">51054</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FCD378F63AF1D9BF2494304706805644" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171062</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C77BC69CAFA0F6913055FD92DF05F603" type="GBIF-Dataset">5e5eb584-e092-4ac2-a111-26a9b0a63d6a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9702B9BE65332FE358E45731AA18BCDC" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E5A1B6BAE9A9E57875F201E49069CC4F" type="Zenodo-Dep">171062</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="F86D87D6583B0831FEC8D05E22254B2D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6265186" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335058" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6265186" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F86D87D6583B0831FEC8D05E22254B2D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F86D87D6583B0831FEC8D05E22254B2D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="38DE654B583B0839FEC8D05E20794835" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="707B36C0583B0839FEC8D05E22B04850" blockId="2.[264,956,1049,1110]" box="[264,956,1049,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="2B3381AC583B0839FEC8D05E22B04850" bold="true" box="[264,956,1049,1075]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583B0839FEC8D05E22B04850" bold="true" box="[264,956,1049,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583B0839FEC8D05E23EB4850" authority="Thorell 1877" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1877" box="[264,743,1049,1075]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583B0839FEC8D05E23214850" bold="true" box="[264,557,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Orobothriurus bivittatus</emphasis>
(Thorell 1877)
</taxonomicName>
stat. n., comb. n.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583B0839FEC8D07B20794835" blockId="2.[264,956,1049,1110]" box="[264,373,1084,1110]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<figureCitation id="E8FF2A45583B0839FEC8D07B20794835" box="[264,373,1084,1110]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId-0="3.[264,383,1483,1507]" captionStartId-1="6.[264,383,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox-0="[314,1283,447,1445]" captionTargetBox-1="[413,1181,398,1601]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[289,1297,423,1479]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[281,1267,392,1609]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 5. Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n., male (CDA); 1. Metasomal segment V and telson, lateral view; 2. Metasomal segment V, ventral view; 3 – 5. Right pedipalp chela; 3. Ventromedial view; 4. Ventral view; 5. Lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 6 – 7. Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n., left hemispermatophore; 6. Internal view; 7. External view. Figure 8: O. alticola (Pocock 1899), left hemispermatophore, external view. All drawings at the same scale; scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171063/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171064/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1–7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38DE654B583B0839FEC8D0CB253349E0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="707B36C0583B0839FEC8D0CB258D48C0" blockId="2.[264,1323,1164,1411]" box="[264,1153,1164,1187]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="50D411EE583B0839FEC8D0CB258D48C0" box="[264,1153,1164,1187]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583B0839FEC8D0CB233048C0" box="[264,572,1164,1187]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Cercophonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycentrus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583B0839FEC8D0CB233048C0" box="[264,572,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cercophonius brachycentrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583B0839FD83D0CB22C948C0" authority="Thorell 1877a: 183" authorityName="Thorell" authorityPageNumber="183" authorityYear="1877" box="[579,965,1164,1187]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="variety" variety="bivittatum">
var.
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583B0839FD46D0CB23FE48C0" box="[646,754,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">bivittatum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F16510D1583B0839FD39D0CB22C948C0" author="Thorell" box="[761,965,1164,1187]" page="183" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1877">
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583B0839FD39D0CB229E48C0" author="Thorell" box="[761,914,1164,1187]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" refString="Thorell, T. (1877 a. [1876]). Etudes scorpiologiques. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 19, 75 - 272." type="journal article" year="1877" yearSuffix="a">Thorell 1877a</bibRefCitation>
: 183
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[recte
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583B0839FBCFD0CB257E48C0" box="[1039,1138,1164,1187]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583B0839FBCFD0CB257E48C0" box="[1039,1138,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">bivittatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583B0839FEC8D0EB25554880" blockId="2.[264,1323,1164,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="50D411EE583B0839FEC8D0EB25554880" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583B0839FEC8D0EB229148A0" authority="Mello-Leitao 1931: 99" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityPageNumber="99" authorityYear="1931" box="[264,925,1196,1219]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Urophonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brachycentrus" subSpecies="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583B0839FEC8D0EB239848A0" box="[264,660,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Urophonius brachycentrus bivittatus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="F16510D1583B0839FD65D0EB229148A0" author="Mello-Leitao" box="[677,925,1196,1219]" page="99" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583B0839FD65D0EB227848A0" author="Mello-Leitao" box="[677,884,1196,1219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. (1931). Nota sobre os Bothriuridas sul-americanos. Archivos do Museu Nacional, 33, 75 - 113." type="journal article" year="1931">Mello­Leitão 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 99
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–100; 1933: 35; 1934: 48, 51; 1938: 94–95; 1945: 213, 215;
<treatmentCitation id="F16510D1583B0839FDF8D08B226D4880" author="Acosta" box="[568,865,1228,1251]" page="559" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583B0839FDF8D08B22274880" author="Acosta" box="[568,811,1228,1251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. &amp; Maury, E. A. (1998). Scorpiones. Pp. 545 - 559. In: Morrone, J. J. &amp; Coscaron, S. (eds.), Biodiversidad de Artropodos argentinos. Una perspectiva biotaxonomica. La Plata: Editorial Sur." type="book chapter" year="1998">Acosta &amp; Maury 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 559
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F16510D1583B0839FCACD08B25594880" author="Lowe" box="[876,1109,1228,1251]" page="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583B0839FCACD08B25214880" author="Lowe" box="[876,1069,1228,1251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" refString="Lowe, G. &amp; Fet, V. (2000). Family Bothriuridae Simon, 1880. In: Fet, V., Sissom, W. D., Lowe, G. &amp; Braunwalder, M. E., Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758 - 1998). The New York Entomological Society, pp. 17 - 53." type="book chapter" year="2000">Lowe &amp; Fet 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 44
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583B0839FEC8D0AB224A4940" blockId="2.[264,1323,1164,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="50D411EE583B0839FEC8D0AB224A4940" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583B0839FEC8D0AB22AD4960" authority="Mello-Leitao 1939: 612" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityPageNumber="612" authorityYear="1939" box="[264,929,1260,1283]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Urophonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brachicentrus" subSpecies="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583B0839FEC8D0AB23814960" box="[264,653,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Urophonius brachicentrus bivittatus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="F16510D1583B0839FD5DD0AB22AD4960" author="Mello-Leitao" box="[669,929,1260,1283]" page="612" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583B0839FD5DD0AB22664960" author="Mello-Leitao" box="[669,874,1260,1283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. (1939). Les arachnides et la zoogeographie de l'Argentine. Physis, 17 (49), 601 - 630." type="journal article" year="1939">Mello­Leitão 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 612
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F16510D1583B0839FC6DD0AB257C4960" author="Abalos" box="[941,1136,1260,1283]" page="592" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583B0839FC6DD0AB25364960" author="Abalos" box="[941,1082,1260,1283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" refString="Abalos, J. W. (1959). Scorpionida. Primeras Jornadas Entomoepidemiologicas Argentinas, 2, 591 - 593." type="journal article" year="1959">Abalos 1959</bibRefCitation>
: 592
</treatmentCitation>
; 1963: 117;
<treatmentCitation id="F16510D1583B0839FB37D0AB20E34940" author="Roig" page="200" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583B0839FB37D0AB20B14940" author="Roig" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" refString="Roig Alsina, A. (1973). Fauna y ecosistema del oeste arido argentino. III. Escorpiofauna de la provincia de Mendoza. Deserta, 4, 195 - 208." type="journal article" year="1973">Roig Alsina 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 200
</treatmentCitation>
(incorrect subsequent spelling).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583B0839FEC8D16B20AF4900" blockId="2.[264,1323,1164,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
? [
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583B0839FEE4D16B23154920" ID-CoL="6T87R" box="[292,537,1324,1347]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583B0839FEE4D16B23154920" box="[292,537,1324,1347]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Orobothriurus alticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]:
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583B0839FDF1D16B23B44920" author="Maury" box="[561,696,1324,1347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" refString="Maury, E. A. (1977). Comentario sobre dos especies de escorpiones del genero Urophonius (Bothriuridae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivadavia &quot;, Entomologia, 5 (7), 143 - 160." type="journal article" year="1977">Maury 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 148 (synonymy and combination suspected, not formally proposed)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583B0839FEC8D12B253349E0" blockId="2.[264,1323,1164,1411]" box="[264,1087,1388,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="50D411EE583B0839FEC8D12B253349E0" box="[264,1087,1388,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583B0839FEC8D12B23C949E0" ID-CoL="6T87R" authority="Acosta 2002: 177" authorityName="Acosta" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="2002" box="[264,709,1388,1411]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583B0839FEC8D12B20F649E0" box="[264,506,1388,1411]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Orobothriurus alticola</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="F16510D1583B0839FDC9D12B23C949E0" author="Acosta" box="[521,709,1388,1411]" page="177" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583B0839FDC9D12B239F49E0" author="Acosta" box="[521,659,1388,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. (2002). Case 3213. Bothriurus alticola Pocock, 1899 (Arachnida, Scorpiones): proposed precedence of the specific name over the subspecific name of Cercophonius brachycentrus bivittatus Thorell, 1877. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 59 (3), 176 - 179." type="journal article" year="2002">Acosta 2002</bibRefCitation>
: 177
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(formal synonymy, here removed).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38DE654B583B0838FEC8D1F423F84AA6" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="707B36C0583B0838FEC8D1F425894DE5" blockId="2.[264,1324,1459,1886]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,284,390]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583B0839FEC8D1F420B249AE" bold="true" box="[264,446,1459,1485]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="AF7F8862583B0839FEC8D1F4204F49AE" box="[264,323,1459,1485]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="AF7F8862583B0839FE0BD1F3233449AD" box="[459,568,1460,1486]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
juvenile (
<collectionCode id="16D5AE05583B0839FD74D1F323FE49AD" box="[692,754,1460,1486]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s0pg-dvdt" name="Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">NRS</collectionCode>
), examined. This specimen is stored in a small vial with the label &quot;
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583B0839FE2CD19B25004995" authority="Thorell" authorityName="Thorell" box="[492,1036,1500,1526]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Urophonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brachycentrus" subSpecies="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583B0839FE2CD19B22954996" box="[492,921,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Urophonius brachycentrus bivittatus</emphasis>
(Thorell)
</taxonomicName>
, E. Maury det. 1971&quot;. In turn, this vial is placed within a larger vial labeled: &quot;
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583B0839FC46D243242A4A7D" authority="Thor." authorityName="Thor." box="[902,1318,1540,1566]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Cercophonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycentrus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583B0839FC46D24325D74A7E" box="[902,1243,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cercophonius brachycentrus</emphasis>
Thor.
</taxonomicName>
, Córdova (pullus), S. Juan,
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583B0839FD88D26B23CC4A25" box="[584,704,1580,1606]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, Weijenb.&quot;, and containing a further small vial with one adult male and a second juvenile (these two specimens constituting the
<typeStatus id="AF7F8862583B0839FB4CD21325B34A0D" box="[1164,1215,1620,1646]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583B0839FEC8D23B234E4AF6" box="[264,578,1660,1685]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Urophonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycentrus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583B0839FEC8D23B234E4AF6" box="[264,578,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Urophonius brachycentrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Because the original
<typeStatus id="AF7F8862583B0839FC96D23B22B14AF5" box="[854,957,1660,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is a poorly preserved juvenile, it provides little information on the species identity, what may render it as a
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583B0839FB1CD2E3206C4A86" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">nomen dubium</emphasis>
. Therefore, an application was sent to the
<collectionCode id="16D5AE05583B0839FC8FD28B229F4A85" box="[847,915,1740,1766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ICZN</collectionCode>
to set it aside, and to designate the male described below as
<typeStatus id="AF7F8862583B0839FDF0D2B3239C4B6D" box="[560,656,1780,1806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
, according to Art. 75.5 (Case 3332). Conditions qualifying this material as
<typeStatus id="AF7F8862583B0839FE30D35B235C4B55" box="[496,592,1820,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
, especially the evidence that it is consistent on what is known on the species and its probable locality, are shown below. This new specimen will have the advantage of being an adult male, bearing the most valuable taxonomic features (especially the hemispermatophore), and the
<typeStatus id="AF7F8862583A0838FD1CD50322034D3D" box="[732,783,324,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
locality will become precise. Until a decision is made by the
<collectionCode id="16D5AE05583A0838FE7AD52B230D4DE5" box="[442,513,364,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ICZN</collectionCode>
, the current usage (
<collectionCode id="16D5AE05583A0838FD25D52B222C4DE5" box="[741,800,364,390]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s0pg-dvdt" name="Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">NRS</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="AF7F8862583A0838FCE7D52B229C4DE5" box="[807,912,364,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) is to be maintained.
</paragraph>
<caption id="24BB6648583A0838FEC8D18C25514A44" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171063/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[314,1283,447,1445]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="707B36C0583A0838FEC8D18C25514A44" blockId="3.[264,1323,1483,1575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583A0838FEC8D18C20B84980" bold="true" box="[264,436,1483,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURES 1–5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583A0838FE7BD18C226E4981" authority="Thorell 1877" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1877" box="[443,866,1483,1506]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583A0838FE7BD18C23B34981" box="[443,703,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Orobothriurus bivittatus</emphasis>
(Thorell 1877)
</taxonomicName>
stat. n., comb. n., male (CDA); 1. Metasomal segment V and telson, lateral view; 2. Metasomal segment V, ventral view; 3–5. Right pedipalp chela; 3. Ventromedial view; 4. Ventral view; 5. Lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583A0838FEF8D21C23F84AA6" blockId="3.[264,1324,1627,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583A0838FEF8D21C23BB4A16" bold="true" box="[312,695,1627,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583A0838FD7FD21C22474A16" box="[703,843,1627,1653]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583A0838FC9BD21C25534A17" box="[859,1119,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Province of San Juan.</emphasis>
Parque Nacional El Leoncito, Sierra del Tontal, near 'Portezuelo del Tontal' (
<quantity id="B73C9B25583A0838FC02D2C4252C4AFE" box="[962,1056,1667,1693]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="3450.0">3450 m</quantity>
), U.V., 25 NΟvɵmbɵr 2003 (L. Acosta),
<specimenCount id="66C2FD49583A0838FE1ED2EC23214AA6" box="[478,557,1707,1733]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="16D5AE05583A0838FDFCD2EC23704AA6" box="[572,636,1707,1733]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/89m4-4i9r" name="Canadian Department of Agriculture" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">CDA</collectionCode>
000.364).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38DE654B583A0833FEF8D29425D54FBD" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="707B36C0583A0838FEF8D29423634A8E" blockId="3.[264,1324,1627,1893]" box="[312,623,1747,1773]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583A0838FEF8D29423634A8E" bold="true" box="[312,623,1747,1773]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description (adult male).</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583A083FFEF8D2BC22F74835" blockId="3.[264,1324,1627,1893]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583A0838FEF8D2BC20CC4B77" box="[312,448,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Coloration.</emphasis>
General color reddish hazel, ventral side and legs lighter, pectines whitish yellow. Carapace with a dense pigment reticle, leaving a clear depigmented area on the anterior border, between the lateral eyes. Tergites I–VI with two wide paralateral pigmented stripes, leaving a clear median space in between (representing 15.9% of the tergite V width), and narrow clear areas each side; tergite VII with dense paramedian reticles, irregularly connected in the middle. Sternites depigmented. Metasomal segments I–III with a dark median dorsal spot, shield­like, which does not reach the posterior border, but bears three anterior projections; this spot is vestigial on segment IV, as a tenuous reticle with similar arrangement; dorsal side of segment V almost depigmented. Lateral side of segments I–IV with two longitudinal well­defined stripes of dense pigment. The lateral stripe occupies the basal half on segment I, between DSM and DL, while it is almost complete on segments II–IV, extended along DL; on segment V it is faint and reticulate. The ventrolateral stripe, of darker pigment, extends from the VL carina to the lateral side, and is well developed along the entire metasoma; on segments I–III it is separated from the lateral stripe by a narrow space, while a feeble reticle connects these stripes on segments IV– V. Ventromedian line absent on segment I, on segments II–V it is well defined, and remains independent from the lateroventral pigment. Vesicle with faint ventral pigment, a narrow median stripe is separated from the lateral pigmented areas by two clear lines. Chelicerae just with a vestigial reticle. Pedipalp femur dorsally covered by pigment, except for an elongated clear area on the basal half; remaining sides only with faint reticles. Patella with dense reticle on the retrolateral side, and some pigment on the prodorsal and proventral borders. Chela with a large ventral, retrolateral and prolateral spot on the fingers' base, connected to the hand base by several irregular, faint stripes. Legs spotted on the external and dorsal sides (especially femur and patella), other sides clear.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583D083EFEF8D02320834F20" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1324,284,835]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583D083FFEF8D02320C3481E" box="[312,463,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Morphology.</emphasis>
Small sized scorpion, with slender and delicate appearance; measurements, see
<tableCitation id="3D46037B583D083FFE4DD0CB20EB48C5" box="[397,487,1164,1190]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,352,889,913]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of the studied male of Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Carapace depressed, with very low eye mound, front border straight. Tegument of carapace and tergites I–VII finely granular, acarinate; tergite VII is more granulous and bears four incomplete posterior keels. Sternites I–IV smooth; sternite V granulous, with one pair of paralateral keels on the posterior half. Metasomal segments I– IV. DL keels complete and granulous, in each segment granules are caudally larger and more acute (ending in a posterior larger granule), but carinae become weaker from segment I to IV. LSM complete in segment I; only present on the caudal one third on segment II; just as a smooth tegumentary elevation and a few isolated posterior granules on segment III; lacking on segment IV. LIM complete and conspicuous in segment I, then decreasing suddenly on segment II to just a few posterior granules, and disappearing on segments III–IV. Ventral surface of segment I granulous, VL and VSM well developed and conspicuous (also a granulous area between LIM and VL); on segment II granulation is markedly reduced, VL are just tegumentary borders with very few sparse granules and VSM are not discernible; both VL and VSM are absent on segments III–IV (ventral surface smooth). Metasomal segment V: DL carinae almost lacking, with just very few and inconspicuous basal granules. Lateral surface with LM only insinuated. VL almost complete but somewhat dispersed in an irregular double row in the middle, with large granules alternating with smaller ones. Few sparse granules represent the otherwise lacking VSM. VM complete, more 'regular' than VL, expanded on the posterior end. Telson: vesicle elongated and low, aculeus short. Movable finger of chelicerae with two subdistal teeth. Pedipalps slen­ der and smooth, except for the prolateral face of femur, densely granulous, and a few granules on the prodorsal and proventral borders of the patella. Chela slender, with an acute prolateral apophysis. Trichobothriotaxy according to the genus pattern (as described by
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583C083EFEC8D5A320924D9D" author="Ochoa" box="[264,414,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Ochoa, J. A. (2004). Filogenia del genero Orobothriurus y descripcion de un nuevo genero de Bothriuridae (Scorpiones). Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 9, 43 - 73." type="journal article" year="2004">Ochoa 2004</bibRefCitation>
);
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583C083EFE74D5A320D64E60" box="[436,474,484,515]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Et3</emphasis>
slightly more basal than
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583C083EFCCBD5A3223C4D9E" box="[779,816,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Est</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583C083EFC81D5A322614D9E" box="[833,877,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Esb</emphasis>
situated above
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583C083EFBEAD5A3255A4E60" box="[1066,1110,484,515]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eb2</emphasis>
. Telotarsal spination on legs I–IV: 1+1, 2+2, 3+3, 3+3. Number of pectinal teeth: 19­19. Hemispermatophore very slender, like in other members of the &quot;species group A&quot; (as recognized by
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583C083EFEC8D62623154E18" author="Acosta" box="[264,537,609,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. &amp; Ochoa, J. A. (2001). Two new species of Orobothriurus Maury, 1976 from Argentina and Peru, with comments on the systematics of the genus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae). Pp. 203 - 214. In: Fet. V. &amp; Selden P. A. (eds.), Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis, Burnham Beeches, Bucks: British Arachnological Society." type="book chapter" year="2001">Acosta &amp; Ochoa 2001</bibRefCitation>
), the lamina is sharply divided in a straight basal part, and an Scurved apical part (apex); frontal crest along the border of the basal part of the lamina with two portions (proximal oblique and straight distal); a lobular projection each side of the crest at the inflexion point; basal lobe as typical &quot;tortuous&quot; stem, tipped by a delicate distal process (the subdistal &quot;spoon­like&quot; dilatation is suspected to have been damaged during dissection).
</paragraph>
<caption id="24BB6648583C083EFEC8D73E208A4FD0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFEC8D73E208A4FD0" blockId="5.[264,1323,889,947]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583C083EFEC8D73E20784FF2" bold="true" box="[264,372,889,913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Measurements (mm) of the studied male of
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583C083EFC92D73D25F54FF3" authority="Thorell 1877" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1877" box="[850,1273,889,913]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583C083EFC92D73D255A4FF2" box="[850,1110,890,913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Orobothriurus bivittatus</emphasis>
(Thorell 1877)
</taxonomicName>
stat. n., comb. n.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D79E242F4F93" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1315,985,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Total body length 24.4</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D044242E4879" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1314,1027,1050]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Carapace length 3.1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D069242F4826" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1315,1070,1093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anterior / posterior width 1.9 / 3.5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D01E242E4813" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1314,1113,1136]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mesosoma length 6.4</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D0C3242F48F8" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1315,1156,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Metasoma total length 15.0</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D0E8242F48A5" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1315,1199,1222]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Metasomal segment I length / width 1.5 / 1.9</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D09D242F4892" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1315,1242,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Metasomal segment II length / width 1.8 / 1.7</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D142242F497F" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1315,1285,1308]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Metasomal segment III length / width 1.9 / 1.6</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D168242F4925" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1315,1327,1350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Metasomal segment IV length / width 2.4 / 1.5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D11D242F4912" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1315,1370,1393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Metasomal segment V length / width / height 3.4 / 1.4 / 1.2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D1C2242E49FF" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1314,1413,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Telson length / width / height 4.0 / 1.3 / 1.1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D1F7242F49A4" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1315,1456,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aculeus length 0.8</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D19C242E4991" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1314,1499,1522]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pedipalp total length 11.2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D242242F4A7F" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1315,1541,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Femur length / width 3.0 / 0.8</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D277242F4A24" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1315,1584,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Patella length / width 2.9 / 1.0</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083EFED0D21C242E4A11" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" box="[272,1314,1627,1650]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chela length / width / height 5.3 / 1.4 / 1.4</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583C083DFED0D2C122EC4D3D" blockId="5.[272,1315,985,1693]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Movable finger length 2.9
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583C083EFEF8D2BB23124B75" bold="true" box="[312,542,1788,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="AF7F8862583C083EFEF8D2BB20A04B75" box="[312,428,1788,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, juvenile
</emphasis>
(presumably female). Damaged, only the following parts remain: carapace, mesosoma and caudal segments I–IV, together with left pedipalp trochanter and femur, right I–II legs (leg I without telotarsus), and pectines; metasomal segment V and right pedipalp are loose; all remaining body parts or appendages missing. Pectinal teeth: 15–12 [in the latter it is evident that several teeth are lacking].
</paragraph>
<caption id="24BB6648583F083DFEC8D21622A44ACD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171064/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[413,1181,398,1601]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="707B36C0583F083DFEC8D21622A44ACD" blockId="6.[264,1323,1617,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583F083DFEC8D21620B84A0A" bold="true" box="[264,436,1617,1641]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 6–7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583F083DFE7BD215226E4A0B" authority="Thorell 1877" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1877" box="[443,866,1617,1641]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583F083DFE7BD21523B34A0A" box="[443,703,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orobothriurus bivittatus</emphasis>
(Thorell 1877)
</taxonomicName>
stat. n., comb. n., left hemispermatophore; 6. Internal view; 7. External view. Figure 8:
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583F083DFD36D23325184AE8" authority="Pocock 1899" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1899" box="[758,1044,1652,1675]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583F083DFD36D23322604AE8" box="[758,876,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. alticola</emphasis>
(Pocock 1899)
</taxonomicName>
, left hemispermatophore, external view. All drawings at the same scale; scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583F083DFEF8D2A624264B2F" blockId="6.[264,1322,1761,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583F083DFEF8D2A620E94A98" bold="true" box="[312,485,1761,1787]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Comparisons.</emphasis>
Both the external morphology and the hemispermatophore shape place
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583F083DFEC8D34D20CB4B47" authority="In" authorityName="In" box="[264,455,1802,1828]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="9" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583F083DFEC8D34D20904B40" box="[264,412,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583F083DFEC8D34D202C4B40" box="[264,288,1802,1827]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O</collectingCountry>
. bivittatus
</emphasis>
in
</taxonomicName>
the so­called &quot;group A&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583F083DFD3FD34D251E4B47" author="Acosta" box="[767,1042,1802,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. &amp; Ochoa, J. A. (2001). Two new species of Orobothriurus Maury, 1976 from Argentina and Peru, with comments on the systematics of the genus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae). Pp. 203 - 214. In: Fet. V. &amp; Selden P. A. (eds.), Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis, Burnham Beeches, Bucks: British Arachnological Society." type="book chapter" year="2001">Acosta &amp; Ochoa 2001</bibRefCitation>
), which proved to be a monophyletic ensemble (
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583F083DFDECD37523CD4B2F" author="Ochoa" box="[556,705,1842,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="14" refString="Ochoa, J. A. (2004). Filogenia del genero Orobothriurus y descripcion de un nuevo genero de Bothriuridae (Scorpiones). Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 9, 43 - 73." type="journal article" year="2004">Ochoa 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Within the group, it is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583F083DFB66D375242F4B28" box="[1190,1315,1842,1867]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583F083DFB66D375242F4B28" box="[1190,1315,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583F083DFB66D37525B24B28" box="[1190,1214,1842,1867]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O</collectingCountry>
. alticola
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583E083CFEC8D55B2044481D" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,1150]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Similarities concern both the pigment pattern and the external morphology, being difficult indeed to find a sharp morphological discrimination. Only the hemispermatophore provides reliable differences. The fact that just one male of
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583E083CFC61D52B253F4DE6" box="[929,1075,364,389]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583E083CFC61D52B253F4DE6" box="[929,1075,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583E083CFC61D52B22B54DE6" box="[929,953,364,389]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. bivittatus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is hitherto available – i.e. variability remains unknown – lessens to some extent the strength of these conclusions, but the differences encountered, together with the apparent geographical isolation, support the latter being regarded as an independent entity. Whether it represents a separate species or a subspecies (in which case the name should be subordinated to
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583E083CFB46D64B24084E46" box="[1158,1284,524,549]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583E083CFB46D64B24084E46" box="[1158,1284,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583E083CFB46D64B25924E46" box="[1158,1182,524,549]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. alticola
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is probably a useless question. With the taxonomic situation being subtle, both the conditional precedence of
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583E083CFE3DD61B235A4E16" box="[509,598,604,629]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583E083CFE3DD61B235A4E16" box="[509,598,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">alticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the designation of a
<typeStatus id="AF7F8862583E083CFCBED61B22D74E15" box="[894,987,604,630]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
for
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583E083CFBCCD61B25754E16" box="[1036,1145,604,629]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583E083CFBCCD61B25754E16" box="[1036,1145,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">bivittatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are considered valuable nomenclatural tools to ensure stability at different levels.
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583E083CFBDDD6C325324EFD" box="[1053,1086,644,670]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">As</collectingCountry>
shown in
<figureCitation id="E8FF2A45583E083CFB7AD6C3240D4EFD" box="[1210,1281,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[361,1239,293,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[344,1255,291,1698]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Localities of Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n. (square) and O. alticola (Pocock 1899) (circles) in west Argentina. Dark grey: areas above 3600 m; light grey: between 2700 and 3600 m. Dashed line: administrative provincial boundaries, thick solid line: international boundary. ST: Sierra del Tontal, SU: Sierra de Uspallata, Ca: valley of Calingasta, Us: valley of Uspallata. 1: collecting sites near Paso del Agua Negra, 2: Puente del Inca. The city of San Juan is indicated with a small dot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171065/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583E083CFACED6C3206D4EA6" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583E083CFACED6C3206D4EA6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583E083CFACED6C3242A4EFE" box="[1294,1318,644,669]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. alticola
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is hitherto known from two quite separate areas on the east side of the Andes in western
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583E083CFEACD69320ED4E8D" box="[364,481,724,750]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583E083CFE31D693220F4E8D" author="Acosta" box="[497,771,724,750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. &amp; Ochoa, J. A. (2001). Two new species of Orobothriurus Maury, 1976 from Argentina and Peru, with comments on the systematics of the genus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae). Pp. 203 - 214. In: Fet. V. &amp; Selden P. A. (eds.), Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis, Burnham Beeches, Bucks: British Arachnological Society." type="book chapter" year="2001">Acosta &amp; Ochoa 2001</bibRefCitation>
): surroundings of Puente del Inca, province of Mendoza (
<typeStatus id="AF7F8862583E083CFE44D6BB20B44F75" box="[388,440,764,790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
locality), and of Paso del Agua Negra, province of San Juan (referred to as MZA and SJ, respectively). These two populations evidence some slight external differences (see below), but the hemispermatophore morphology is identical. In comparison, the hemispermatophore of
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583E083CFDDBD73323A24FEE" box="[539,686,884,909]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583E083CFDDBD73323A24FEE" box="[539,686,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583E083CFDDBD733233F4FEE" box="[539,563,884,909]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. bivittatus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in overall outline more slender, especially regarding the basal part of the lamina (
<figureCitation id="E8FF2A45583E083CFD52D7DB23EB4FD5" box="[658,743,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="6.[264,383,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[413,1181,398,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[281,1267,392,1609]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n., left hemispermatophore; 6. Internal view; 7. External view. Figure 8: O. alticola (Pocock 1899), left hemispermatophore, external view. All drawings at the same scale; scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171064/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
–8). Other differences are recorded in the partial key below.
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583E083CFE51D783232F4FBE" box="[401,547,964,989]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583E083CFE51D783232F4FBE" box="[401,547,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583E083CFE51D78320A54FBE" box="[401,425,964,989]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. bivittatus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be smaller, with total length (
<quantity id="B73C9B25583E083CFBC2D783257C4FBD" box="[1026,1136,964,990]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="24.4">24.4 mm</quantity>
) below the size range of
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583E083CFE47D7AB231C4866" box="[391,528,1004,1029]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583E083CFE47D7AB231C4866" box="[391,528,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583E083CFE47D7AB20934866" box="[391,415,1004,1029]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. alticola
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MZA:
<quantity id="B73C9B25583E083CFD49D7AB224E4865" box="[649,834,1004,1030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="2.69" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="29.2" valueMax="31.5" valueMin="26.9">26.9–31.5 mm</quantity>
, mean=
<quantity id="B73C9B25583E083CFC69D7AB252C4865" box="[937,1056,1004,1030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.87" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="28.7">28.7 mm</quantity>
, SJ:
<quantity id="B73C9B25583E083CFBADD7AB242A4865" box="[1133,1318,1004,1030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.93" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="2.71" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="29.3" valueMax="31.5" valueMin="27.1">27.1–31.5 mm</quantity>
, mean=
<quantity id="B73C9B25583E083CFE98D05320C9484D" box="[344,453,1044,1070]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8899999999999997" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="28.9">28.9 mm</quantity>
); females reach
<quantity id="B73C9B25583E083CFD43D05323E7484D" box="[643,747,1044,1070]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="34.2">34.2 mm</quantity>
in MZA and
<quantity id="B73C9B25583E083CFC4BD05322FF484D" box="[907,1011,1044,1070]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="37.5">37.5 mm</quantity>
in SJ. To insert
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583E083CFB72D053205D4835" authority="In" authorityName="In" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="9" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583E083CFB72D05320264836" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583E083CFB72D05325C6484E" box="[1202,1226,1044,1069]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. bivittatus
</emphasis>
in
</taxonomicName>
the key provided by
<bibRefCitation id="14554B31583E083CFD8CD07B23FE4835" author="Ochoa" box="[588,754,1084,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" refString="Ochoa, J. A. (2004). Filogenia del genero Orobothriurus y descripcion de un nuevo genero de Bothriuridae (Scorpiones). Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 9, 43 - 73." type="journal article" year="2004">Ochoa (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, the very last couple should be modified, as follows:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583E083CFEC8D0F324264926" blockId="7.[264,1323,1204,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
7. Sternite V granous, carinae not discernible. Ventral side of metasomal segment V covered by dense granulation that hides carina VM. Legs III–IV with 3+4 telotarsal spines. Ventral pigment of metasoma: axial stripe joins distally the ventrolateral pigment on segments I–III (not joining on segments IV–V)
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583E083CFCA7D16B24264926" box="[871,1322,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
...........................................
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583E083CFB65D16B24264926" box="[1189,1322,1324,1349]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atiquipa">
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583E083CFB65D16B25B14926" box="[1189,1213,1324,1349]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. atiquipa
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583E083CFEC8D11324294985" blockId="7.[264,1323,1204,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">– Sternite V little granulous, with 2–4 carinae. Ventral side of metasomal segment V without dense granulation, carina VM well defined. Legs III–IV with 3+3 telotarsal spines. Ventrolateral and ventro­axial pigment stripes independent along the entire metasoma ......................................................................................................................8</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583E083CFEC8D1B324274AE6" blockId="7.[264,1323,1204,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
8. Hemispermatophore: apex reduced, it represents only 38% of the lamina length; front crest almost not surpassing its connection to the apex, and without lobular expansion at the inflexion point. Metasomal segment II with VSM carinae. Metasomal segment IV with six VSM macrosetae. Total length (males):
<quantity id="B73C9B25583E083CFC50D22B25294AE5" box="[912,1061,1644,1670]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.925" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="29.25" valueMax="31.5" valueMin="27.0">27–31.5 mm</quantity>
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583E083CFBEDD22B24274AE6" box="[1069,1323,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
.................
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583E083CFB6ED22B24274AE6" box="[1198,1323,1644,1669]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583E083CFB6ED22B25CA4AE6" box="[1198,1222,1644,1669]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. alticola
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C0583E0833FEC8D2D320A14DE5" blockId="7.[264,1323,1204,1870]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1324,284,1510]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
– Hemispermatophore: apex larger, 47% of the lamina length; front crest surpassing its connection to the apex, forming in lateral view a 'spur­like' projection (notch in between with slightly different curvature:
<figureCitation id="E8FF2A45583E083CFCF0D2A3228E4A9D" box="[816,898,1764,1790]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="6.[264,383,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[413,1181,398,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[281,1267,392,1609]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n., left hemispermatophore; 6. Internal view; 7. External view. Figure 8: O. alticola (Pocock 1899), left hemispermatophore, external view. All drawings at the same scale; scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171064/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
–8), and with lobular expansions at the inflexion point. Metasomal segment II without VSM carinae. Metasomal segment IV with eight VSM macrosetae. Total length (male):
<quantity id="B73C9B25583E083CFC5BD37325084B2D" box="[923,1028,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="24.4">24.4 mm</quantity>
.................
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D43583E0833FB5AD373205C4D55" authority="In" authorityName="In" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD2583E083CFB5AD37324274B2E" box="[1178,1323,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="08D37650583E083CFB5AD37325BE4B2E" box="[1178,1202,1844,1869]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. bivittatus
</emphasis>
In
</taxonomicName>
other features, currently employed in the species­level taxonomy of
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FB41D55B23294D3D" authority="Acosta &amp; Ochoa 2001" authorityName="Acosta &amp; Ochoa" authorityYear="2001" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FB41D55B24274D56" box="[1153,1323,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orobothriurus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158310833FED0D50323174D3D" author="Acosta" box="[272,539,324,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. &amp; Ochoa, J. A. (2001). Two new species of Orobothriurus Maury, 1976 from Argentina and Peru, with comments on the systematics of the genus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae). Pp. 203 - 214. In: Fet. V. &amp; Selden P. A. (eds.), Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis, Burnham Beeches, Bucks: British Arachnological Society." type="book chapter" year="2001">Acosta &amp; Ochoa 2001</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, the single specimen
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FCDFD50322BC4D3E" box="[799,944,324,349]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FCDFD50322BC4D3E" box="[799,944,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058310833FCDFD503223B4D3E" box="[799,823,324,349]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. bivittatus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fits within the variability range of
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FEE8D52B20A94DE6" box="[296,421,364,389]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FEE8D52B20A94DE6" box="[296,421,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058310833FEE8D52B204C4DE6" box="[296,320,364,389]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. alticola
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C058310833FEF8D5D320D04E45" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Frequencies of the number of pectinal teeth.—
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FC48D5D325134DCE" box="[904,1055,404,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FC48D5D325134DCE" box="[904,1055,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058310833FC48D5D322AC4DCE" box="[904,928,404,429]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. bivittatus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(19­19). MZA males (n=12 pectines): 18 teeth (2 pectines), 19 (2), 20 (6), 21 (2); females (n=11): 15 (7), 16 (4); SJ males (n=16 pectines): 19 teeth (7 pectines), 20 (5), 21 (4); females (n=16): 15 (1), 16 (5), 17 (9), 18 (1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C058310833FEF8D67325A74EA5" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Number of VSM macrosetae on metasomal segment I.— This feature shows the most noticeable difference between the two populations of
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FC55D61B25124E16" box="[917,1054,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FC55D61B25154E16" box="[917,1049,604,629]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058310833FC55D61B22A14E16" box="[917,941,604,629]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. alticola
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
MZA: 3+3:
<specimenCount id="66C2FD4958310833FB7DD61B204A4EFD" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
(83.3%), 3+2:
<specimenCount id="66C2FD4958310833FDC4D6C3239B4EFD" box="[516,663,644,670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
(16.7%); SJ: 3+3:
<specimenCount id="66C2FD4958310833FC45D6C325154EFD" box="[901,1049,644,670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
(25.0%), 3+2: 3 spec. (18.7%), 2+2: 9 spec. (56.2%). The single available
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FCADD6EB22F24EA6" box="[877,1022,684,709]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FCADD6EB22F24EA6" box="[877,1022,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058310833FCADD6EB22894EA6" box="[877,901,684,709]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. bivittatus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 3+3 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C058310833FEF8D69324144F75" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Telson, length/height ratio.—
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FD57D69322244E8E" box="[663,808,724,749]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FD57D69322244E8E" box="[663,808,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058310833FD57D69323A34E8E" box="[663,687,724,749]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. bivittatus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3.64). MZA males (n=3): 3.1–3.8, females (n=3): 3.1–3.2; SJ males (n=6): 3.8–4.2 (mean=3.9), females (n=8): 2.8–3.3 (mean=3.0).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C058310833FEF8D76320944FED" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Pedipalp chela, length/width ratio.—
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FD39D76322804F5E" box="[761,908,804,829]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FD39D76322804F5E" box="[761,908,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058310833FD39D763221D4F5E" box="[761,785,804,829]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. bivittatus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3.9). MZA males (n=3): 3.3–3.6, females (n=3): 3.4–3.7. SJ males (n=6): 3.5–4.2 (mean=3.8), females (n=8): 3.3–3.5 (mean=3.4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C058310833FEF8D7DB25D54FBD" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Relative width of the median clear stripe.—
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FCFCD7DB22C04FD6" box="[828,972,924,949]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FCFCD7DB22C04FD6" box="[828,972,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058310833FCFCD7DB22584FD6" box="[828,852,924,949]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. bivittatus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(15.9% of the width of tergite V). MZA: 14.4–19.3% (mean=15.9%), n=8; SJ: 11.1–16.1% (mean=14.5%), n=15.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38DE654B58310833FEF8D7AB24084985" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="707B36C058310833FEF8D7AB24084985" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FEF8D7AB20EC4865" bold="true" box="[312,480,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="AF7F886258310833FEF8D7AB20794865" box="[312,373,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="AF7F886258310833FDE3D7AB235A4865" box="[547,598,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
specimen is said to come from &quot;San Juan&quot;, without further detail. This material was sent to Thorell by the Dutch zoologist Hendrik Weyenbergh, together with other arachnids collected 'around Córdoba and San Juan' (
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158310833FBB6D07B242A4835" author="Thorell" box="[1142,1318,1084,1110]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Thorell, T. (1877 b). Sobre algunos aracnidos de la Republica Argentina. Periodico Zoologico, 2 (4), 201 - 218." type="journal article" year="1877" yearSuffix="b">Thorell 1877b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158310833FEC8D023204B481D" author="Thorell" box="[264,327,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Thorell, T. (1878). Sobre algunos aracnidos de la Republica Argentina. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba, 2 (3), 255 - 272." type="journal article" year="1878">1878</bibRefCitation>
). In addition to &quot;
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FDE0D0232274481E" box="[544,888,1124,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Cercophonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycentrus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FDE0D0232274481E" box="[544,888,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cercophonius brachycentrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FC43D0232542481E" authority="Thorell" authorityName="Thorell" box="[899,1102,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="variety" variety="bivittatum">
var.
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FC17D0232542481E" box="[983,1102,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">bivittatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;,
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158310833FBADD0232426481D" author="Thorell" box="[1133,1322,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Thorell, T. (1877 a. [1876]). Etudes scorpiologiques. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 19, 75 - 272." type="journal article" year="1877" yearSuffix="a">Thorell (1877a)</bibRefCitation>
described other four scorpion species on that material, and two harvestmen and one pseudoscorpion were added in a further publication (
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158310833FCFED0F322E648AD" author="Thorell" box="[830,1002,1204,1230]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Thorell, T. (1877 b). Sobre algunos aracnidos de la Republica Argentina. Periodico Zoologico, 2 (4), 201 - 218." type="journal article" year="1877" yearSuffix="b">Thorell 1877b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158310833FC36D0F3253948AD" author="Thorell" box="[1014,1077,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Thorell, T. (1878). Sobre algunos aracnidos de la Republica Argentina. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba, 2 (3), 255 - 272." type="journal article" year="1878">1878</bibRefCitation>
). The place of origin given in some cases was questioned, and some confusion between these two localities is to be suspected. Despite Thorell's (1877b, 1878) statement that all specimens were collected by Weyenbergh himself, those from San Juan were actually obtained by the botanist Saile Echegaray.
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058310833FE53D11320B8490D" box="[403,436,1364,1390]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">As</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158310833FE7DD11323A9490D" author="Hieronymus" box="[445,677,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Hieronymus, G. (1881). Sertum sanjuaninum, o descripciones y determinaciones de plantas fanerogamas y criptogamas vasculares recolectadas por el Dr. D. Saile Echegaray en la Provincia San Juan. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba, 4, 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="1881">Hieronymus (1881)</bibRefCitation>
complained, Weyenbergh never was in San Juan, and the mistaken statement of
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158310833FDFDD13B23FD49F5" author="Thorell" box="[573,753,1404,1430]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Thorell, T. (1877 b). Sobre algunos aracnidos de la Republica Argentina. Periodico Zoologico, 2 (4), 201 - 218." type="journal article" year="1877" yearSuffix="b">Thorell (1877b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158310833FD3DD13B223549F5" author="Thorell" box="[765,825,1404,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Thorell, T. (1878). Sobre algunos aracnidos de la Republica Argentina. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba, 2 (3), 255 - 272." type="journal article" year="1878">1878</bibRefCitation>
) was said to be a 'printer's error'. This fact might have contributed to the confusion of labelling, but at the same time gives additional evidence to our case, as we will see. The species with presumably wrong localities are:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38DE654B58310832FEF8D25B25A9484D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="707B36C058310833FEF8D25B255C4AB5" blockId="8.[312,1325,1564,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="50D411EE58310833FEF8D25B255C4AB5" infered="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FEF8D25B223F4A55" authority="Thorell 1877a: 173" authorityName="Thorell" authorityPageNumber="173" authorityYear="1877" box="[312,819,1564,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weijenberghi">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FEF8D25B23404A56" box="[312,588,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Telegonus weijenberghi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F16510D158310833FD93D25B223F4A55" author="Thorell" box="[595,819,1564,1590]" page="173" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1877">
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158310833FD93D25B23F14A55" author="Thorell" box="[595,765,1564,1590]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Thorell, T. (1877 a. [1876]). Etudes scorpiologiques. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 19, 75 - 272." type="journal article" year="1877" yearSuffix="a">Thorell 1877a</bibRefCitation>
: 173
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FC82D25B22C54A55" ID-CoL="42N" box="[834,969,1564,1590]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Scorpiones</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FC14D25B25604A55" ID-CoL="7BQ" box="[980,1132,1564,1590]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bothriuridae</taxonomicName>
; currently under
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FEF8D20323A94A3D" authority="Pocock 1893" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[312,677,1604,1630]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Brachistosternus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FEF8D20320F34A3E" box="[312,511,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachistosternus</emphasis>
Pocock 1893
</taxonomicName>
). Supposedly collected at &quot;Córdoba&quot;. The species was never found there (
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158310833FDD4D22B23A74AE5" author="Acosta" box="[532,683,1644,1670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. (1989). La fauna de escorpiones y opiliones (Arachnida) de la provincia de Cordoba,. Ph. D. Thesis, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, i - vi, 1 - 333." type="book chapter" year="1989">Acosta 1989</bibRefCitation>
, Acosta &amp; Rosso de
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158310833FC5DD22B254B4AE5" author="Ferradas" box="[925,1095,1644,1670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. &amp; Rosso de Ferradas, B. (1996). Aracnidos de la provincia de Cordoba. In: Di Tada, I. &amp; Bucher, E. H. (eds.), Biodiversidad de la provincia de Cordoba, Fauna, 1, 71 - 99." type="journal article" year="1996">Ferradás 1996</bibRefCitation>
), while, in contrast, it was recorded in localities from Western and Northwestern
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058310833FBE5D2D325964ACD" box="[1061,1178,1684,1710]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158310833FB6DD2D320FC4AB5" author="Ojanguren" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Ojanguren Affilastro, A. A. (2002). Sistematica y distribucion de Brachistosternus (Leptosternus) weyenberghii Thorell (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, nueva serie, 4 (2), 203 - 208." type="journal article" year="2002">Ojanguren Affilastro 2002</bibRefCitation>
), among them several sites in province of San Juan.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C058310832FEF8D2A323D64DE5" blockId="8.[312,1325,1564,1870]" lastBlockId="9.[312,1325,284,510]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="50D411EE58310832FEF8D2A323D64DE5" infered="true" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FEF8D2A3227B4A9D" authority="Thorell 1877a: 180" authorityName="Thorell" authorityPageNumber="180" authorityYear="1877" box="[312,887,1764,1790]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Cercophonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycentrus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FEF8D2A323804A9E" box="[312,652,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cercophonius brachycentrus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F16510D158310833FD54D2A3227B4A9D" author="Thorell" box="[660,887,1764,1790]" page="180" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1877">
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158310833FD54D2A322334A9D" author="Thorell" box="[660,831,1764,1790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Thorell, T. (1877 a. [1876]). Etudes scorpiologiques. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 19, 75 - 272." type="journal article" year="1877" yearSuffix="a">Thorell 1877a</bibRefCitation>
: 180
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FC48D2A325034A9D" ID-CoL="42N" box="[904,1039,1764,1790]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Scorpiones</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FBDCD2A325B84A9D" ID-CoL="7BQ" box="[1052,1204,1764,1790]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bothriuridae</taxonomicName>
; currently under
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358310833FE41D34B23634B45" ID-CoL="63W9L" authority="Pocock" authorityName="Pocock" box="[385,623,1804,1830]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Urophonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258310833FE41D34B23004B46" box="[385,524,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Urophonius</emphasis>
Pocock
</taxonomicName>
). The
<typeStatus id="AF7F886258310833FD76D34B23E44B45" box="[694,744,1804,1830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
series comprises two specimens: an adult male is stated to be from &quot;San Juan&quot;, and a juvenile from &quot;Córdoba&quot;. The latter is correct, but the male is probably mislabeled. This species is widely distributed in central
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058300832FB18D55B206B4D3D" name="Argentina" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, being quite common in Córdoba, but was never found in San Juan (
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FB52D50324244D3D" author="Maury" box="[1170,1320,324,350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refString="Maury, E. A. (1977). Comentario sobre dos especies de escorpiones del genero Urophonius (Bothriuridae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivadavia &quot;, Entomologia, 5 (7), 143 - 160." type="journal article" year="1977">Maury 1977</bibRefCitation>
, Acosta &amp; Rosso de
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FDE1D52B23C04DE5" author="Ferradas" box="[545,716,364,390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. &amp; Rosso de Ferradas, B. (1996). Aracnidos de la provincia de Cordoba. In: Di Tada, I. &amp; Bucher, E. H. (eds.), Biodiversidad de la provincia de Cordoba, Fauna, 1, 71 - 99." type="journal article" year="1996">Ferradás 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C058300832FEF8D5D325644D9D" blockId="9.[312,1325,284,510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="50D411EE58300832FEF8D5D325644D9D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FEF8D5D323ED4DCD" ID-CoL="9X5NY" authority="Thorell 1877b: 207" authorityName="Thorell" authorityPageNumber="207" authorityYear="1877" box="[312,737,404,430]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Pachylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="butleri">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FEF8D5D320F44DCE" box="[312,504,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pachylus butleri</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F16510D158300832FE3FD5D323ED4DCD" author="Thorell" box="[511,737,404,430]" page="207" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1877">
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FE3FD5D323A64DCD" author="Thorell" box="[511,682,404,430]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refString="Thorell, T. (1877 b). Sobre algunos aracnidos de la Republica Argentina. Periodico Zoologico, 2 (4), 201 - 218." type="journal article" year="1877" yearSuffix="b">Thorell 1877b</bibRefCitation>
: 207
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FD30D5D3226A4DCD" ID-CoL="3Q2" box="[752,870,404,430]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Opiliones</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FCB2D5D3251F4DCD" ID-CoL="623M7" box="[882,1043,404,430]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gonyleptidae</taxonomicName>
, currently under
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FB17D5D323314DB5" ID-CoL="7PRBS" authority="Muller 1916" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Pachyloidellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FB17D5D320914DB6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pachyloidellus</emphasis>
Müller 1916
</taxonomicName>
). From &quot;San Juan&quot;. This species is not found there, but is very common and frequently collected in Córdoba instead (
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FC75D5A325504D9D" author="Acosta" box="[949,1116,484,510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. (1993 a). El genero Pachyloidellus Muller, 1918 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae). Bonner zoologische Beitrage, 44 (1 - 2), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="a">Acosta 1993a</bibRefCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C058300832FEF8D67325A9484D" blockId="9.[264,1325,564,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Meanwhile, the
<typeStatus id="AF7F886258300832FE36D67323254E2D" box="[502,553,564,590]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
localities of
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FD01D67325A54E2D" authority="Thorell 1877" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1877" box="[705,1193,564,590]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FD01D673228A4E2E" box="[705,902,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Isometrus fuscus</emphasis>
Thorell 1877 (Córdoba)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FB75D67323BA4E15" authority="Thorell 1877" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FB75D67320834E16" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Telegonus ferrugineus</emphasis>
Thorell 1877 (Córdoba)
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FD35D61B22844E16" box="[757,904,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ostracidium</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FC51D61B25774E15" ID-CoL="7XGHF" authority="Thorell 1877" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1877" box="[913,1147,604,630]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Neopucroliella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertyi">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FC51D61B22DA4E16" box="[913,982,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pertyi</emphasis>
Thorell 1877
</taxonomicName>
(Córdoba) are consistent with their known range, and thus deemed to be correct (
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FBF1D6C325C14EFD" author="Abalos" box="[1073,1229,644,670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Abalos, J. W. (1953). El genero Zabius Thorell, 1894 (Buthidae, Scorpiones). Anales del Instituto de Medicina Regional, 3 (3), 349 - 356." type="journal article" year="1953">Abalos 1953</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FB1DD6C320494EA5" author="Maury" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refString="Maury, E. A. (1974). Escorpiofauna chaquena. I. La verdadera identidad de Brachistosternus (Microsternus) ferrugineus (Thorell 1876) (Bothriuridae). Physis, Seccion C, 33 (86), 73 - 84." type="journal article" year="1974">Maury 1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FE92D6EB20E44EA5" author="Acosta" box="[338,488,684,710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. (1989). La fauna de escorpiones y opiliones (Arachnida) de la provincia de Cordoba,. Ph. D. Thesis, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, i - vi, 1 - 333." type="book chapter" year="1989">Acosta 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FE35D6EB23964EA5" author="Acosta" box="[501,666,684,710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. (1993 b). On two species of Argentinian Neopucroliella (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 9 (4), 113 - 118." type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="b">Acosta 1993b</bibRefCitation>
, Acosta &amp; Rosso de
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FC53D6EB25334EA5" author="Ferradas" box="[915,1087,684,710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. &amp; Rosso de Ferradas, B. (1996). Aracnidos de la provincia de Cordoba. In: Di Tada, I. &amp; Bucher, E. H. (eds.), Biodiversidad de la provincia de Cordoba, Fauna, 1, 71 - 99." type="journal article" year="1996">Ferradás 1996</bibRefCitation>
). Species from Córdoba can easily be assumed to have been collected in the surroundings of the city, in those times little more than a small village.
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FD11D6BB22674F5E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FD11D6BB251C4F76" ID-CoL="7DXRD" box="[721,1040,764,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Urophonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycentrus">Urophonius brachycentrus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FBDED6BB242A4F76" ID-CoL="7XT8Y" box="[1054,1318,764,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Pachyloidellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="butleri">Pachyloidellus butleri</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FEC8D763236E4F5E" box="[264,610,804,829]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Brachistosternus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">Brachistosternus ferrugineus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FDAFD76322674F5E" ID-CoL="7XGHF" box="[623,875,804,829]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Neopucroliella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertyi">Neopucroliella pertyi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
are still occasionally collected in the city suburbs, while
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FE34D70B239B4F06" ID-CoL="7GB44" box="[500,663,844,869]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Zabius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FE34D70B239B4F06" box="[500,663,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Zabius fuscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be caught in sites less than
<quantity id="B73C9B2558300832FBDED70B25674F05" box="[1054,1131,844,870]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
from the center (
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FED0D73320A44FED" author="Acosta" box="[272,424,884,910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. (1989). La fauna de escorpiones y opiliones (Arachnida) de la provincia de Cordoba,. Ph. D. Thesis, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, i - vi, 1 - 333." type="book chapter" year="1989">Acosta 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FE76D733230D4FED" author="Acosta" box="[438,513,884,910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. (1993 a). El genero Pachyloidellus Muller, 1918 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae). Bonner zoologische Beitrage, 44 (1 - 2), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="a">1993a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FDCDD73323574FED" author="Acosta" box="[525,603,884,910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. (1993 b). On two species of Argentinian Neopucroliella (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 9 (4), 113 - 118." type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="b">1993b</bibRefCitation>
). In contrast, the exact collecting sites in 'San Juan' seem not as easy to determine, since neither
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FD6CD7DB25184FD6" box="[684,1044,924,949]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Brachistosternus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weijenberghi">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FD6CD7DB25184FD6" box="[684,1044,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brachistosternus weijenberghi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor any
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FB41D7DB24274FD6" ID-CoL="69YV" box="[1153,1323,924,949]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FB41D7DB24274FD6" box="[1153,1323,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Orobothriurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species exist in the 'surroundings' of the capital city (
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FC47D78325DB4FBD" author="Roig" box="[903,1239,964,990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refString="Roig Alsina, A. &amp; Maury, E. A. (1981). Consideraciones sistematicas y ecologicas sobre Brachistosternus (Leptosternus) borellii Kraepelin 1911 (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae). Physis, Seccion C, 39 (97), 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1981">Roig Alsina &amp; Maury 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FB25D78323044865" author="Ojanguren" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refString="Ojanguren Affilastro, A. A. (2002). Sistematica y distribucion de Brachistosternus (Leptosternus) weyenberghii Thorell (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, nueva serie, 4 (2), 203 - 208." type="journal article" year="2002">Ojanguren Affilastro 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FDD4D7AB22124865" author="Acosta" box="[532,798,1004,1030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. &amp; Ochoa, J. A. (2001). Two new species of Orobothriurus Maury, 1976 from Argentina and Peru, with comments on the systematics of the genus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae). Pp. 203 - 214. In: Fet. V. &amp; Selden P. A. (eds.), Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis, Burnham Beeches, Bucks: British Arachnological Society." type="book chapter" year="2001">Acosta &amp; Ochoa 2001</bibRefCitation>
). The right answer should be searched in the itinerary of the collector, Saile Echegaray, in his botanical trip in this province.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38DE654B58300831FEF8D07B22254B2D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="707B36C058300832FEF8D07B239F4A9D" blockId="9.[264,1325,564,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FEF8D07B23054835" author="Echegaray" box="[312,521,1084,1110]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Echegaray, S. (1878). Determinacion de plantas sanjuaninas. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba, 2, 341 - 353." type="journal article" year="1878">Echegaray (1878)</bibRefCitation>
traveled to San Juan in
<date id="047A100058300832FCE2D07B22EF4835" box="[802,995,1084,1110]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1875-11">November 1875</date>
. His excursion was targeted to the locality of &quot;Leoncito&quot;, today best known as &quot;Estancia El Leoncito&quot;, which is now partially embraced in the Parque Nacional El Leoncito. It was an extensive farm, whose main settlement can still be seen on the base of the western slopes of the Sierra del Tontal, at about
<quantity id="B73C9B2558300832FEBAD09B20D14895" box="[378,477,1244,1270]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
. This mountain belongs to the Precordillera orographic system and reaches over
<quantity id="B73C9B2558300832FE66D143230D497D" box="[422,513,1284,1310]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</quantity>
a.s.l. In his report,
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FD2DD14322CC497D" author="Echegaray" box="[749,960,1284,1310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Echegaray, S. (1878). Determinacion de plantas sanjuaninas. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba, 2, 341 - 353." type="journal article" year="1878">Echegaray (1878)</bibRefCitation>
indicates he visited the 'Cerro Tontal' where he collected many plant samples. At the present day there is no practicable road crossing this range, but surprisingly enough, in Echegaray's times the so called 'road of Tontal' was the only available communication between the city of San Juan and El Leoncito. This road, abandoned long ago, crosses the mountain at the pass known as 'Portezuelo del Tontal' or 'Portezuelo de la Virgen', at
<quantity id="B73C9B2558300832FC60D18B22F34985" box="[928,1023,1484,1510]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6399999999999997" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="3640.0">3640 m</quantity>
. Taking all the evidence together, the most plausible locality for Thorell's (1877a) scorpions collected in 'San Juan' appears to be 'somewhere in the Sierra del Tontal'. Against that reasoning,
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158300832FBBED25B20704A3D" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refString="Roig-Junent, S., Flores, G. E. &amp; Mattoni, C. (2003). Consideraciones biogeograficas de la precordillera (Argentina), basadas en artropodos epigeos. Pp. 275 - 288. In: Morrone, J. J. &amp; Llorente, J. (eds.), Introduccion a la Biogeografia en Latinoamerica, Vol. II, Mexico." type="book chapter">
Roig­Juñent
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FAD5D25B202A4A3E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2003)
</bibRefCitation>
stated (as a 'prediction' of their analysis) that the scorpion genus
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FB41D20324274A3E" box="[1153,1323,1604,1629]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FB41D20324274A3E" box="[1153,1323,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Orobothriurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not occur in the Precordillera; but as seen, this is not supported by the facts. Therefore I hereby restrict the
<typeStatus id="AF7F886258300832FDF1D2D323684ACD" box="[561,612,1684,1710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FD2DD2D325BA4ACE" box="[749,1206,1684,1709]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Cercophonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brachycentrus" subSpecies="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FD2DD2D325BA4ACE" box="[749,1206,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cercophonius brachycentrus bivittatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and also of
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FEE9D2FB234C4AB6" box="[297,576,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weijenberghi">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FEE9D2FB234C4AB6" box="[297,576,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Telegonus weijenberghi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) to a so far undetermined site along the old road on the Sierra del Tontal, at least above
<quantity id="B73C9B2558300832FDF3D2A323834A9D" box="[563,655,1764,1790]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C058300831FEF8D34B25DE4A6D" blockId="9.[264,1325,564,1870]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FEF8D34B238D4B45" bold="true" box="[312,641,1804,1830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Zoogeographic comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358300832FD49D34B22AB4B46" box="[649,935,1804,1829]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258300832FD49D34B22AB4B46" box="[649,935,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Orobothriurus bivittatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is likely a high­altitude endemic in the Sierra del Tontal. This mountain continues southerly into the Sierra de Uspallata, province of Mendoza (
<figureCitation id="E8FF2A4558330831FDDBD55B23694D55" box="[539,613,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[361,1239,293,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[344,1255,291,1698]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Localities of Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n. (square) and O. alticola (Pocock 1899) (circles) in west Argentina. Dark grey: areas above 3600 m; light grey: between 2700 and 3600 m. Dashed line: administrative provincial boundaries, thick solid line: international boundary. ST: Sierra del Tontal, SU: Sierra de Uspallata, Ca: valley of Calingasta, Us: valley of Uspallata. 1: collecting sites near Paso del Agua Negra, 2: Puente del Inca. The city of San Juan is indicated with a small dot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171065/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), which is a part of the Precordillera, too. Both chains are separated from the Andes by the &quot;Uspallata­Calingasta&quot; tectonic depression, a xeric, N­S oriented 'valley' composed by two adjacent basins (
<figureCitation id="E8FF2A4558330831FC42D52B22DC4DE5" box="[898,976,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[361,1239,293,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[344,1255,291,1698]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Localities of Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n. (square) and O. alticola (Pocock 1899) (circles) in west Argentina. Dark grey: areas above 3600 m; light grey: between 2700 and 3600 m. Dashed line: administrative provincial boundaries, thick solid line: international boundary. ST: Sierra del Tontal, SU: Sierra de Uspallata, Ca: valley of Calingasta, Us: valley of Uspallata. 1: collecting sites near Paso del Agua Negra, 2: Puente del Inca. The city of San Juan is indicated with a small dot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171065/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
: Ca,
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058330831FBD5D52B25354DE5" box="[1045,1081,364,390]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Us</collectingCountry>
), with watershed at around
<quantity id="B73C9B2558330831FEA1D5D320B14DCD" box="[353,445,404,430]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
. The Uspallata­Calingasta valley is covered by Monte (sub­Andean) vegetation (
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158330831FE9AD5FB238E4DB5" author="Martinez" box="[346,642,444,470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="14" refString="Martinez Carretero, E. (1995). La puna argentina: delimitacion general y division en distritos floristicos. Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica, 31 (1 - 2), 27 - 40 + map." type="journal article" year="1995">Martinez Carretero 1995</bibRefCitation>
). Though being quite narrow (
<quantity id="B73C9B2558330831FC25D5FB257C4DB5" box="[997,1136,444,470]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="75.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="50.0">50–100 km</quantity>
), it likely represents an effective barrier for low vagility high­Andean elements (Roig Juñent
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258330831FB5CD5A325D44D9E" box="[1180,1240,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
2003). At the Sierra del Tontal the Monte ascends the west­faced slopes, reaching as high as
<quantity id="B73C9B2558330831FEC8D67320A14E2D" box="[264,429,564,590]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="2900.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="2800.0">2800–3000 m</quantity>
(e.g., at Pampa del Jarillal); at least on the path to Portezuelo del Tontal, pure grasslands only appear above
<quantity id="B73C9B2558330831FD7DD61B22104E15" box="[701,796,604,630]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</quantity>
(Acosta, pers. obs.). In general, the upper regions of the Tontal and Uspallata ranges should be ascribed to the Puna vegetation (
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158330831FB2ED6C320F34EA5" author="Martinez" pageId="10" pageNumber="14" refString="Martinez Carretero, E. (1995). La puna argentina: delimitacion general y division en distritos floristicos. Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica, 31 (1 - 2), 27 - 40 + map." type="journal article" year="1995">Martinez Carretero 1995</bibRefCitation>
), but the most elevated sites of the former show many high­Andean elements, even with a marked ecotonal character (E. Martínez Carretero,
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258330831FB4AD69325D84E8E" box="[1162,1236,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">in litt.</emphasis>
2004). Grasslands of the Sierra del Tontal are just
<quantity id="B73C9B2558330831FCC4D6BB22424F75" box="[772,846,764,790]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
away from the Andes, and this isolation might explain the hemispermatophore differences between the close relatives
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358330831FB6BD76324274F5E" box="[1195,1323,804,829]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258330831FB6BD76324274F5E" box="[1195,1323,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058330831FB6BD76325CF4F5E" box="[1195,1219,804,829]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O</collectingCountry>
. alticola
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258330831FEFBD70B20DA4F06" box="[315,470,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358330831FEFBD70B20DE4F06" box="[315,466,844,869]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058330831FEFBD70B205F4F06" box="[315,339,844,869]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O</collectingCountry>
. bivittatus
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In contrast, the two populations of
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358330831FC40D70B250C4F06" box="[896,1024,844,869]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258330831FC40D70B250C4F06" box="[896,1024,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058330831FC40D70B22944F06" box="[896,920,844,869]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O</collectingCountry>
. alticola
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MZA­SJ), though separated by
<quantity id="B73C9B2558330831FEB6D73320D94FED" box="[374,469,884,910]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="280.0">280 km</quantity>
, are very probably continuous along the intricate Andes eastern slope (
<figureCitation id="E8FF2A4558330831FED1D7DB20544FD5" box="[273,344,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[361,1239,293,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[344,1255,291,1698]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Localities of Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n. (square) and O. alticola (Pocock 1899) (circles) in west Argentina. Dark grey: areas above 3600 m; light grey: between 2700 and 3600 m. Dashed line: administrative provincial boundaries, thick solid line: international boundary. ST: Sierra del Tontal, SU: Sierra de Uspallata, Ca: valley of Calingasta, Us: valley of Uspallata. 1: collecting sites near Paso del Agua Negra, 2: Puente del Inca. The city of San Juan is indicated with a small dot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171065/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), and thus their hemispermatophores do not show any divergence. Since differences between
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358330831FEB3D78320C14FBE" box="[371,461,964,989]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258330831FEB3D78320C14FBE" box="[371,461,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">alticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358330831FDCAD783237B4FBE" box="[522,631,964,989]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258330831FDCAD783237B4FBE" box="[522,631,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">bivittatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are small, a relatively recent separation is supposed. Past fluctuations of the altitudinal belts, in which the high­altitude vegetation might have lowered its limit in colder/more humid periods, would have connected the Andes and the Precordillera; in such case, the continuity of the ancestor range would have been enabled along these two mountain regions, being then split during a retraction phase. Palynological studies made by
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158330831FE13D0CB239648C5" author="Markgraf" box="[467,666,1164,1190]" pageId="10" pageNumber="14" refString="Markgraf, V. (1983). Late and postglacial vegetational and paleoclimatic changes in subantarctic, temperate, and arid environments in Argentina. Palynology, 7, 43 - 70." type="journal article" year="1983">Markgraf (1983)</bibRefCitation>
show that a locality at
<quantity id="B73C9B2558330831FC77D0CB251E48C5" box="[951,1042,1164,1190]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
in the Uspallata­Calingasta depression had a predominance of graminous vegetation between 5,000 and 4,000 yr B.P., decreasing thereafter, to give place to present Monte elements. This scenario contradicts the presumed unrelatedness of the Andes and the Precordillera, as proposed by Roig Juñent
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258330831FE9FD16B20904926" box="[351,412,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
(2003). These authors mention the evidence of several tenebrionid beetles, which are endemic to the Andes (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358330831FD00D1132257490E" box="[704,859,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Falsopraocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258330831FD00D1132257490E" box="[704,859,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Falsopraocis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) but do not occur in the Precordillera at the same latitude. Their results, however, might have been biased by the scarce information on Andean and Precordilleran species considered in their analysis. Since the arthropod fauna of the Sierra del Tontal is poorly known, it is highly advisable to re­analyze the Andes­Precordillera links by including new information from this neglected range.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707B36C058330831FEF8D25B22254B2D" blockId="10.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Considering the lowest records in
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058330831FD0FD25B22484A55" box="[719,836,1564,1590]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="B73C9B2558330831FC95D25B22BD4A55" box="[853,945,1564,1590]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="2450.0">2450 m</quantity>
for
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358330831FC24D25B25D74A55" box="[996,1243,1564,1590]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="famatina">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258330831FC24D25B257D4A56" box="[996,1137,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058330831FC24D25B22F04A56" box="[996,1020,1564,1589]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O</collectingCountry>
. famatina
</emphasis>
,
<quantity id="B73C9B2558330831FB41D25B25D74A55" box="[1153,1243,1564,1590]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
for
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358330831FACED25B206D4A3E" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258330831FACED25B206D4A3E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="08D3765058330831FACED25B242A4A56" box="[1294,1318,1564,1589]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O</collectingCountry>
. alticola
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258330831FEBBD20323164A3E" box="[379,538,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Orobothiurus</emphasis>
would be expected to exist in the Sierra de Uspallata. But despite repeated sampling efforts, no species of this genus has hitherto been found there. It is worth noting that the Sierra de Uspallata only slightly surpasses
<quantity id="B73C9B2558330831FBC0D2D325564ACD" box="[1024,1114,1684,1710]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
at its highest elevation, and this altitude is not continuous with the Sierra del Tontal, but a lower area (at ~
<quantity id="B73C9B2558330831FED6D2A3207F4A9D" box="[278,371,1764,1790]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</quantity>
) separates the upper portions of the two ranges. All known Argentinean records of
<taxonomicName id="B7C44D4358330831FEEAD34B20D84B46" box="[298,468,1804,1829]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Orobothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42B0EAD258330831FEEAD34B20D84B46" box="[298,468,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Orobothriurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158330831FE25D34B23774B45" author="Maury" box="[485,635,1804,1830]" pageId="10" pageNumber="14" refString="Maury, E. A. (1976). Escorpiones y escorpionismo en el Peru. V: Orobothriurus, un nuevo genero de escorpiones altoandinos. Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 18, 14 - 25." type="journal article" year="1976">Maury 1976</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="14554B3158330831FD4AD34B229B4B45" author="Acosta" box="[650,919,1804,1830]" pageId="10" pageNumber="13" refString="Acosta, L. E. &amp; Ochoa, J. A. (2001). Two new species of Orobothriurus Maury, 1976 from Argentina and Peru, with comments on the systematics of the genus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae). Pp. 203 - 214. In: Fet. V. &amp; Selden P. A. (eds.), Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis, Burnham Beeches, Bucks: British Arachnological Society." type="book chapter" year="2001">Acosta &amp; Ochoa 2001</bibRefCitation>
) originate from mountains whose maximal altitude reaches or surpasses
<quantity id="B73C9B2558330831FD09D37322294B2D" box="[713,805,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink