897 lines
183 KiB
XML
897 lines
183 KiB
XML
<document id="E5A968819FABCA00C5112243A3C21299" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5296.2.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7978102" ID-ZooBank="030F54CC-5585-4FB1-ACEC-3592E6CF2C52" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1685086317572" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sottile, Salvatore, Cerasa, Giuliano, Massa, Bruno & Verde, Gabriella Lo" docDate="2023" docId="F67F87A7F567FF9EFF5FF884FEC1718A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5296.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5296 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5296.2.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andricus truncicolus" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="229" masterDocId="0A46FFDFF561FF8DFFC8FFD3FFDE7267" masterDocTitle="The experimental life cycle closure of Andricus truncicolus (Giraud, 1859) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) and taxonomic description of its sexual generation" masterLastPageNumber="232" masterPageNumber="210" pageNumber="216" updateTime="1685381280121" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="878E3BFD9271D2199EBAD88DAD3E5C91" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E061BA1BDE13F6E9178F7176CB49D079">
|
||
<mods:title id="D680F6739E6C55753FDBD91A5990D060">The experimental life cycle closure of Andricus truncicolus (Giraud, 1859) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) and taxonomic description of its sexual generation</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="50A19840351D84ADC45F1BAB0DACCCF1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="FC14DE9D69E3361132E14F530A74D49A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="AB3C198B75F6146E999A112F26205367">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="36E5D76F37B7A76D3BCBFC1608F3167F">Sottile, Salvatore</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="C64CA6B687023D3562E0E411F984449B">Museo Civico di Lentate Sul Seveso, Via D. Aureggi 25, 20823 Lentate Sul Seveso, Italy</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="42F8B3D685D71D7708ED4DC702E322EB" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="86B5BBDED445937F36778D44A0312C31">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8353C440C1BFAF3572BD33CE406F3616">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3D03C892F142F733930AF8C1C4831EEE">Cerasa, Giuliano</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="F161176A68FAA8448AB7159C90D9C481">Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Bd. 5 A, 90128 Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="2E99679DB15088FE9AED21B1EB0AD28C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="EF29C7707A8ACA4B664ED636236A4DFD">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0832679B3B61E80DFA04C796797DA03B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="595CEC205E48FF41D2FB0D43C19A4BE0">Massa, Bruno</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="36B95D50DE3A992F43310579915662C5">Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Bd. 5 A, 90128 Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="76350B95A7407DA9605BDE9B1F684B52" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6373B8C2AA27B85AD260542513296150">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9E2F221255F39FA36D5B196036E984CE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="907E9615151B55938020C0545FAAB7CC">Verde, Gabriella Lo</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="BB8C9A257F99EDEB25838795E40D81B8">Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Bd. 5 A, 90128 Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="92A5C3332E4B1E40B3D45DF5AB6EEDFC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="FDB5CE067F4F1FB49B4F973D3591A11D" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E586B32D263433D0A1774164FA52AE2E">
|
||
<mods:title id="5D67EB461640106F6C9BC5FA282D8C9B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="170B5868301F50D9BFF487B017AACC8D">
|
||
<mods:date id="CEBB51B81FBBEC6F9E267836C0F1EE65">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="473C1E8D02129D8CC50F36E32013101C" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="3DFCC6A3BE4315789B2824CDBBD5F973">2023-05-26</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="79607D3A7838D495B3EBFF5071FF6E55" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="B4551533268E802885FDFE34438394CE">5296</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B374DC7720BA9958CB1726DC19FBAA6B" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="4155F5396D7B8B4F46DF823467513B06">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="28F6C3F4B515209A5F3A27580F9B892E" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="863E511FFDFC922705BC9918446CDECA">210</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="EE048E04C5D58C89EF4CC8D6D82A0A97">232</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="0030442F9BF4BA68FC182D6A173C65A5">
|
||
<mods:url id="EFCE17631DD09D29FF6AC102640259F6">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5296.2.4</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="6E2A6A141905BF4FCC0B652FA9FD89DD">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2F5D24BBA1D59622873520883B9C65C4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5296.2.4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EFD458A32059BA7DC94BE5ABD5843476" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7BB176EDB1C37AFA00CD177251585017" type="Zenodo-Dep">7978102</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BA285CEBBE5A2BC0E150CAA40945A05C" type="ZooBank">030F54CC-5585-4FB1-ACEC-3592E6CF2C52</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="F67F87A7F567FF9EFF5FF884FEC1718A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F67F87A7F567FF9EFF5FF884FEC1718A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F67F87A7F567FF9EFF5FF884FEC1718A" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="6" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<subSubSection id="36CC653AF567FF8BFF5FF884FD887516" box="[151,598,1879,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="216" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F567FF8BFF5FF884FD887516" blockId="6.[151,598,1879,1906]" box="[151,598,1879,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<heading id="252181DDF567FF8BFF5FF884FD887516" bold="true" box="[151,598,1879,1906]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="216" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F567FF8BFF5FF884FD887516" authority="(Giraud, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,598,1879,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F567FF8BFF5FF884FD887516" bold="true" box="[151,598,1879,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F567FF8BFF5FF884FE487515" bold="true" box="[151,406,1879,1906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="216">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F567FF8BFE6EF884FD937516" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[422,589,1879,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="216" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref11847" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch- Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 9, 337 - 374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36CC653AF567FF8AFF5FF84CFC3A75BA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="6" pageNumber="216" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F567FF8AFF5FF84CFD58705A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1951,2014]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="6" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F567FF8BFF5FF84CFEE875DE" bold="true" box="[151,310,1951,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="216">Asexual galls</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F567FF8BFE81F84CFE6C75DE" box="[329,434,1951,1977]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure-37@3.[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@4.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–6. Andricus truncicolus asexual generation: 1, general appearance of the young gall and 2, its section showing the spongy consistency and thick central white trophic tissue surrounding the larval chamber; 3, newly emerged adult of gallmaker; 4, section of mature gall showing the pupal stage; 5, old galls with intact plates and 6, with detached plates around the emergence hol." captionText-1="FIGURES 7–11. Andricus truncicolus asexual generation: 7–9, old galls remaining on the trunk that have lost almost all their plates showing the larval chamber surface covered in protruding humps; 10, contact chambers on branches of young oak tree; 11, habitus of adult (lateral view)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978104" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978106" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7978104/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7978106/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="216">Figs 1–9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Asexual galls develop mainly on adventitious buds on trunks and large branches, on oaks of the section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F567FF8BFEBFF817FE0B75B9" baseAuthorityName="Melika" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[375,469,1988,2014]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="216" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F567FF8BFEBFF817FE0B75B9" box="[375,469,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="216">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They are monocular, usually solitary, rarely in clusters of two or three, the shape is sub-spherical (some specimens with indentation to form an apex towards the top) and similar to the seed cones of cypress trees, from
|
||
<quantity id="B92E9B54F566FF8AFEBEFF68FE2572B2" box="[374,507,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="6.0">6 to 14 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and attached with a robust short peduncle. During early development (about three–four weeks) the galls are succulent and spongy, covered on the surface by dense whitish pubescence that gives a velvety appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F566FF8AFDCBFED0FD9B737A" box="[515,581,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-37@3.[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Andricus truncicolus asexual generation: 1, general appearance of the young gall and 2, its section showing the spongy consistency and thick central white trophic tissue surrounding the larval chamber; 3, newly emerged adult of gallmaker; 4, section of mature gall showing the pupal stage; 5, old galls with intact plates and 6, with detached plates around the emergence hol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978104/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The spongy tissue layer is deep red and covers the larval chamber (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F566FF8AFA82FED0FA51737A" box="[1354,1423,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-37@3.[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Andricus truncicolus asexual generation: 1, general appearance of the young gall and 2, its section showing the spongy consistency and thick central white trophic tissue surrounding the larval chamber; 3, newly emerged adult of gallmaker; 4, section of mature gall showing the pupal stage; 5, old galls with intact plates and 6, with detached plates around the emergence hol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978104/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). During maturation the external spongy layer dries up (like a layer of clay dried in the sun) dividing into many more or less regular plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F566FF8AFE45FE98FE2C7302" box="[397,498,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-37@3.[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Andricus truncicolus asexual generation: 1, general appearance of the young gall and 2, its section showing the spongy consistency and thick central white trophic tissue surrounding the larval chamber; 3, newly emerged adult of gallmaker; 4, section of mature gall showing the pupal stage; 5, old galls with intact plates and 6, with detached plates around the emergence hol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978104/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Figs 3, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). After drying, these plates take on a very similar color to the bark (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F566FF8AFB20FE98FAF57302" box="[1256,1323,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-37@3.[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Andricus truncicolus asexual generation: 1, general appearance of the young gall and 2, its section showing the spongy consistency and thick central white trophic tissue surrounding the larval chamber; 3, newly emerged adult of gallmaker; 4, section of mature gall showing the pupal stage; 5, old galls with intact plates and 6, with detached plates around the emergence hol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978104/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) and with exposure to atmospheric agents they easy detach, causing the partial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F566FF8AFC78FEBCFC2B73EE" box="[944,1013,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-37@3.[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Andricus truncicolus asexual generation: 1, general appearance of the young gall and 2, its section showing the spongy consistency and thick central white trophic tissue surrounding the larval chamber; 3, newly emerged adult of gallmaker; 4, section of mature gall showing the pupal stage; 5, old galls with intact plates and 6, with detached plates around the emergence hol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978104/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) or total revelation of the hard larval chamber (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F566FF8AFECFFE40FEAE73CA" box="[263,368,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Andricus truncicolus asexual generation: 7–9, old galls remaining on the trunk that have lost almost all their plates showing the larval chamber surface covered in protruding humps; 10, contact chambers on branches of young oak tree; 11, habitus of adult (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978106/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Figs 7–9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The gall remains strongly attached with its short peduncle to the trunk for several years. The larval chamber consists of a layer of about
|
||
<quantity id="B92E9B54F566FF8AFDB7FE64FD1E73B6" box="[639,704,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
of compact, woody tissue, whitish, with an irregular surface and small finger-like protuberances (protrusions of
|
||
<quantity id="B92E9B54F566FF8AFD6CFE08FCDC7392" box="[676,770,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F566FF8AFCDFFE08FCA07392" box="[791,894,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Andricus truncicolus asexual generation: 7–9, old galls remaining on the trunk that have lost almost all their plates showing the larval chamber surface covered in protruding humps; 10, contact chambers on branches of young oak tree; 11, habitus of adult (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978106/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Figs 7–9</figureCitation>
|
||
). It protects internal nutritive tissue and the larva during its development. The larva feeds on the nutrient tissue by burrowing into a large, regular, subelliptic chamber. Asexual female emerges from a lateral hole.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F566FF8AFF0FFD95FC077172" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFF0FFD95FE8C7006" bold="true" box="[199,338,582,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Sexual galls</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F566FF8AFEA8FD94FDD27006" box="[352,524,583,609]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 12–17" captionStart-1="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure-37@5.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@8.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 12–17. 12, 16–17, Immature sexual generation galls of A. truncicolus obtained in the contact chambers on Q. cerris from Experiment 1; 13–14, the photo inside the contact chamber documents asexual female of A. truncicolus during egg-laying on the oak buds present in the branch of Q. cerris; 15, mating containers with groups of males and females emerged from experiment 1." captionText-1="FIGURES 18–24. Andricus truncicolus sexual generation: 18–19, general appearance of the mature gall; 20, dissected gall, showing the larval chambers; 21–22, rare example of gall developing on the leaf blade; 23–24, habitus, female and male (lateral view)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978108" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978110" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7978108/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7978110/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Figs 12, 16–22</figureCitation>
|
||
). The galls of the sexual generation developed on the terminal or lateral shoot buds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F566FF8AFF7EFDB8FEC770E3" box="[182,281,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFF7EFDB8FEC770E3" box="[182,281,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Q. cerris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, exceptionally on the leaf blade, as found in only one case inside a contact chamber (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F566FF8AFB12FDB8FA8370E2" box="[1242,1373,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Andricus truncicolus sexual generation: 18–19, general appearance of the mature gall; 20, dissected gall, showing the larval chambers; 21–22, rare example of gall developing on the leaf blade; 23–24, habitus, female and male (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978110/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Figs 21, 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). The galls consist of a hypertrophic tissue development resulting in an ovoid or subspherical swelling with a diameter that can vary from
|
||
<quantity id="B92E9B54F566FF8AFEF4FD60FE1270AA" box="[316,460,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="10.0">10 to 40 mm</quantity>
|
||
(often the galls are coalescent, forming large conglomerates and reaching sizes greater than
|
||
<quantity id="B92E9B54F566FF8AFF19FD05FEF87096" box="[209,294,726,753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
); they are light-green when young (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F566FF8AFD0AFD04FC9A7096" box="[706,836,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-37@5.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. 12, 16–17, Immature sexual generation galls of A. truncicolus obtained in the contact chambers on Q. cerris from Experiment 1; 13–14, the photo inside the contact chamber documents asexual female of A. truncicolus during egg-laying on the oak buds present in the branch of Q. cerris; 15, mating containers with groups of males and females emerged from experiment 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978108/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
|
||
) and dark-green and then brown when mature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F566FF8AFAA2FD04FF3E7172" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Andricus truncicolus sexual generation: 18–19, general appearance of the mature gall; 20, dissected gall, showing the larval chambers; 21–22, rare example of gall developing on the leaf blade; 23–24, habitus, female and male (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978110/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Figs 18–19</figureCitation>
|
||
), bearing more or less deformed or normal leaves on the upper part.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F566FF8AFF0FFCCCFBC77732" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">
|
||
The typical structure of the gall consists of a layer of compact vegetative tissue,
|
||
<quantity id="B92E9B54F566FF8AFBABFCCCFB37715E" box="[1123,1257,799,825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3 to 10 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, which in shape resembles a more or less concave floral receptacle. This woody receptacle, sometimes closed like a ceramic pot, in other cases open like a plate, provides support and protection for the larval chambers (5 to 20) that develop above (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F566FF8AFF21FC58FEE371C2" box="[233,317,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Andricus truncicolus sexual generation: 18–19, general appearance of the mature gall; 20, dissected gall, showing the larval chambers; 21–22, rare example of gall developing on the leaf blade; 23–24, habitus, female and male (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978110/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). The surface of the gall receptacle is externally covered with soft hairs that confer a velvety, silvery appearance to the gall. On the receptacle, curled, rakish leaves and twigs develop, and in some of these, larval cells can migrate with the growing leaves during development; these metamorphosed leaves wither as the galls mature and after adult emergence the galls may remain on the plant for several years. The larval chambers are egg-shaped with an enlarged base and a more or less pointed and slightly curved apical extension, measuring
|
||
<quantity id="B92E9B54F566FF8AFB3EFBC9FAA07652" box="[1270,1406,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="3.9" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.3">3.3–4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height x
|
||
<quantity id="B92E9B54F566FF8AFF36FBECFE56763E" box="[254,392,1087,1113]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="2.3" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width measured at 1/3 from the base. They develop cohesively, with each embedded in a socket of the supporting receptacle tissue like teeth in the gums. Sometimes the constrained proximity of the chambers alters their egg shape to rectangular parallel-sided with rounded corners. When the gall receptacle is open, the larval chambers are visible from above. In the inner part of the receptacle, the surface is coated with dense coverage of white hollow single-cell hairs; these structures in a less dense form coat the larval cells with a distinct supporting cell layer. Whitish hairs are longest at the base of the larval chamber and become shorter at the apex. The inner layer of the larval chamber is thin and hard, composed of sub-rectangular cells arranged longitudinally along the length of the chamber; the emergence hole is in the apical or sub-apical part.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F566FF8AFF0FFA8DFC3A75BA" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFF0FFA8DFEBC771E" bold="true" box="[199,354,1374,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Similar galls.</emphasis>
|
||
Generally, on the basis of the characteristics and information on the gall and the host plant species, numerous gall-producing insects can be identified to the species level. However, some exceptions have recently been reported in gall wasps and gall midges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F566FF8AFD9DFA74FCFA77A6" author="Sottile, S. & Cerasa, G. & Massa, B. & Lo Verde, G." box="[597,804,1447,1473]" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" pagination="200" refId="ref13381" refString="Sottile, S., Cerasa, G., Massa, B. & Lo Verde, G. (2022) Andricus cydoniae Giraud, 1859 Junior Synonym of Cynips conifica Hartig, 1843, as Experimentally Demonstrated (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Insects, 13 (2), 200. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 13020200" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Sottile
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFD6FFA74FD3E77A6" box="[679,736,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The asexual generation gall of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F566FF8AFB58FA74FAF077A6" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1168,1326,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFB58FA74FAF077A6" box="[1168,1326,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F566FF8AFF1DFA18FD437782" authority="Melika, 2008" authorityName="Melika" authorityYear="2008" box="[213,669,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megatruncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFF1DFA18FE207782" box="[213,510,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Andricus megatruncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
Melika, 2008
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and when the galls are the same size it is impossible to distinguish them on the basis of the gall only. The asexual gall also resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F566FF8AFC49FA3CFA46746E" authority="Melika, Mutun & Dinc, 2014" authorityName="Melika, Mutun & Dinc" authorityYear="2014" box="[897,1432,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFC49FA3CFB98746F" box="[897,1094,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Andricus turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
Melika,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F566FF8AFB62FA3CFA46746E" author="Mutun, S. & Dinc, S. & Bozso, M. & Melika, G." box="[1194,1432,1519,1545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" pagination="241 - 259" refId="ref12608" refString="Mutun, S., Dinc, S., Bozso, M., Melika, G. (2014) Four new species of Andricus Hartig oak gall wasp from Turkey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini). Zootaxa, 3760 (2), 241 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3760.2.5" type="journal article" year="2014">Mutun & Dinç, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the available plates of the latter species consist of spiny protrusions. As detailed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F566FF8AFBB8F9C0FA93744A" author="Sottile, S. & Cerasa, G. & Massa, B. & Lo Verde, G." box="[1136,1357,1555,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" pagination="200" refId="ref13381" refString="Sottile, S., Cerasa, G., Massa, B. & Lo Verde, G. (2022) Andricus cydoniae Giraud, 1859 Junior Synonym of Cynips conifica Hartig, 1843, as Experimentally Demonstrated (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Insects, 13 (2), 200. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 13020200" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Sottile
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFB09F9C0FB25744A" box="[1217,1275,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
sexual generation galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F566FF8AFEBEF9E4FDF47436" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[374,554,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFEBEF9E4FDF47436" box="[374,554,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">A. multiplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very similar only to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F566FF8AFC7BF9E4FBE47436" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[947,1082,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFC7BF9E4FBE47436" box="[947,1082,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">A. conificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sexual generation (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F566FF8AFAFFF9E4FE437412" authority="Giraud, 1859" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cydoniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFAFFF9E4FF227412" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Andricus cydoniae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F566FF8AFECCF988FE437412" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[260,413,1626,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref11847" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch- Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 9, 337 - 374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Both develop on the same host plants, as already has been pointed out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F566FF8AFB3DF988FA497412" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[1269,1431,1626,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref11847" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch- Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 9, 337 - 374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud (1859)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who, in the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F566FF8AFE0AF9ACFD4A74FE" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[450,660,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cydoniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFE0AF9ACFD4A74FE" box="[450,660,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">Andricus cydoniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, wrote: ‘II est facile de la confondre avec la galle d’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F566FF8AFB22F9ACFF3974DA" authority="… Elle" authorityName="Elle" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFB22F9ACFA4274FE" box="[1258,1436,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">A. multiplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
… Elle
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
est toujours plus précoce, sa forme est mieux déterminée et elle n’est pas couverte des nombreux plis de la feuille qui distinguent cette dernière’. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F566FF8AFD79F914FC577486" author="Sottile, S. & Cerasa, G. & Massa, B. & Lo Verde, G." box="[689,905,1735,1761]" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" pagination="200" refId="ref13381" refString="Sottile, S., Cerasa, G., Massa, B. & Lo Verde, G. (2022) Andricus cydoniae Giraud, 1859 Junior Synonym of Cynips conifica Hartig, 1843, as Experimentally Demonstrated (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Insects, 13 (2), 200. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 13020200" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Sottile
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFCC9F914FCE67486" box="[769,824,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not find any macro or micro-morphological characters to distinguish the two galls with absolute certainty, concluding that it is impossible to identify the species only on the basis of gall morphology. However, species identification through adults is relatively easy on the basis of morphological differences involving body colour and sculpture, head and metascutellum measurements and ratios, and length of setae on prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium, as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F566FF8AFB9BF884FAF37516" author="Sottile, S. & Cerasa, G. & Massa, B. & Lo Verde, G." box="[1107,1325,1879,1905]" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" pagination="200" refId="ref13381" refString="Sottile, S., Cerasa, G., Massa, B. & Lo Verde, G. (2022) Andricus cydoniae Giraud, 1859 Junior Synonym of Cynips conifica Hartig, 1843, as Experimentally Demonstrated (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Insects, 13 (2), 200. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 13020200" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Sottile
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFB6AF884FB077516" box="[1186,1241,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The galls of the sexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F566FF8AFE1AF8A8FDAE75F2" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[466,624,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFE1AF8A8FDAE75F2" box="[466,624,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we have obtained experimentally are themselves indistinguishable from those induced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F566FF8AFE6DF84CFD8775DE" box="[421,601,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFE6DF84CFD8775DE" box="[421,601,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">A. multiplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F566FF8AFD5EF84CFCC375DE" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[662,797,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F566FF8AFD5EF84CFCC375DE" box="[662,797,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="217">A. conificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sexual generation, but even in this case morphological characters of the emerged adults allow identification of the inducer species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="2AA96639F569FF85FF5FF844FF06759F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978110" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7978110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978110/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="218" startId="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F569FF85FF5FF844FF06759F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F569FF85FF5FF844FE8875C8" bold="true" box="[151,342,1943,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="218">FIGURES 18–24.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F569FF85FE96F84BFDEA75D7" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[350,564,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F569FF85FE96F84BFDEA75D7" box="[350,564,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="218">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sexual generation: 18–19, general appearance of the mature gall; 20, dissected gall, showing the larval chambers; 21–22, rare example of gall developing on the leaf blade; 23–24, habitus, female and male (lateral view).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36CC653AF568FF84FF0FFF45FC0D7412" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F568FF84FF0FFF45FF3E7302" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FF0FFF45FDE172D7" bold="true" box="[199,575,150,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Diagnosis of the asexual form.</emphasis>
|
||
Asexual females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FCFDFF44FC0972D6" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[821,983,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FCFDFF44FC0972D6" box="[821,983,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FC22FF44FB9B72D6" box="[1002,1093,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Andricus truncicolus asexual generation: 7–9, old galls remaining on the trunk that have lost almost all their plates showing the larval chamber surface covered in protruding humps; 10, contact chambers on branches of young oak tree; 11, habitus of adult (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978106/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FB9DFF45FB4272D6" box="[1109,1180,150,177]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 25–32" captionStart-1="FIGURES 33–43" captionStartId-0="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetBox-1="[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetId-0="figure-21@10.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId-1="figure-37@11.[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 25, head, (front view); 26, head, (posterior view); 27, head, (laterofrontal view); 28, antenna; 29, head (dorsal view); 30, head (lateral view); 31, mesosoma (dorsal view); 32, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." captionText-1="FIGURES 33–43. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 33, metasoma (lateral view); 34, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 35, forewing; 36, hindwing; 37, mesosoma (ventral view); 38, metasoma (lateral view); 39, fore tibia (the arrows show the long oblique setae on the anterior surface); and 40, foreleg on microscope slide; 41, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view); 42, tarsal claws with strong basal lobe; 43, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978112" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978114" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7978112/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7978114/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">25–43</figureCitation>
|
||
) belongs to “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FAF7FF44FA4D72D6" box="[1343,1427,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Adleria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FAF7FF44FA4D72D6" box="[1343,1427,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Adleria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- non
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FF03FF68FEC872B2" box="[203,278,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">kollari</emphasis>
|
||
” group, a large group of 13
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FDACFF68FCFA72B2" box="[612,804,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FDACFF68FD1772B2" box="[612,713,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Andricus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F568FF84FCFCFF68FB8D72B2" author="Pujade-Villar, J. & Tavakoli, M. & Melika, G. & Ferrer-Suay, M." box="[820,1107,186,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12942" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Tavakoli, M., Melika, G. & Ferrer-Suay, M. (2015) Andricus synophri (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), a new species of oak gallwasp from Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 1 (1), 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Pujade-Villar
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FC1DFF68FBCE72B2" box="[981,1040,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with the anterior surface of foretibia bearing long oblique setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FDE5FF0CFD73729E" box="[557,685,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–43" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-37@11.[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–43. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 33, metasoma (lateral view); 34, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 35, forewing; 36, hindwing; 37, mesosoma (ventral view); 38, metasoma (lateral view); 39, fore tibia (the arrows show the long oblique setae on the anterior surface); and 40, foreleg on microscope slide; 41, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view); 42, tarsal claws with strong basal lobe; 43, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978114/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Figs 39, 40</figureCitation>
|
||
); antenna 14-segmented (rarely 13 or 15) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FB4BFF0CFB0B729E" box="[1155,1237,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 25, head, (front view); 26, head, (posterior view); 27, head, (laterofrontal view); 28, antenna; 29, head (dorsal view); 30, head (lateral view); 31, mesosoma (dorsal view); 32, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978112/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
), the mesoscutum coriaceous, without punctures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FE34FED0FD8E737A" box="[508,592,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 25, head, (front view); 26, head, (posterior view); 27, head, (laterofrontal view); 28, antenna; 29, head (dorsal view); 30, head (lateral view); 31, mesosoma (dorsal view); 32, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978112/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
), all metasomal tergites with dense white setae laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FB2CFED0FAE9737A" box="[1252,1335,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–43" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-37@11.[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–43. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 33, metasoma (lateral view); 34, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 35, forewing; 36, hindwing; 37, mesosoma (ventral view); 38, metasoma (lateral view); 39, fore tibia (the arrows show the long oblique setae on the anterior surface); and 40, foreleg on microscope slide; 41, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view); 42, tarsal claws with strong basal lobe; 43, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978114/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the prominent part of the ventral spine of the hypopygium needle-like and very long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FBE6FEF4FB707326" box="[1070,1198,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–43" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-37@11.[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–43. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 33, metasoma (lateral view); 34, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 35, forewing; 36, hindwing; 37, mesosoma (ventral view); 38, metasoma (lateral view); 39, fore tibia (the arrows show the long oblique setae on the anterior surface); and 40, foreleg on microscope slide; 41, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view); 42, tarsal claws with strong basal lobe; 43, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978114/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Figs 41, 43</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F568FF84FB0DFEF4FF0A7302" author="Pujade-Villar, J. & Tavakoli, M. & Melika, G. & Ferrer-Suay, M." pageId="9" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12942" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Tavakoli, M., Melika, G. & Ferrer-Suay, M. (2015) Andricus synophri (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), a new species of oak gallwasp from Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 1 (1), 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Pujade-Villar
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FAACFEF4FA437326" box="[1380,1437,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F568FF84FF0FFEBCFA9F73B6" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">
|
||
More specifically in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FE71FEBCFD8773EE" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[441,601,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FE71FEBCFD8773EE" box="[441,601,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium is long and slender, 5.75–6.0 times as long as broad in ventral view, with relatively short setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FC35FE40FB5A73CA" box="[1021,1156,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–43" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-37@11.[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–43. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 33, metasoma (lateral view); 34, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 35, forewing; 36, hindwing; 37, mesosoma (ventral view); 38, metasoma (lateral view); 39, fore tibia (the arrows show the long oblique setae on the anterior surface); and 40, foreleg on microscope slide; 41, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view); 42, tarsal claws with strong basal lobe; 43, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978114/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Figs 41, 43</figureCitation>
|
||
). It closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FA4CFE40FF2273B6" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FA4CFE40FF2273B6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">A. conificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which differs for the following morphological characters described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F568FF84FBA8FE64FAE373B6" author="Sottile, S. & Cerasa, G. & Massa, B. & Lo Verde, G." box="[1120,1341,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" pagination="200" refId="ref13381" refString="Sottile, S., Cerasa, G., Massa, B. & Lo Verde, G. (2022) Andricus cydoniae Giraud, 1859 Junior Synonym of Cynips conifica Hartig, 1843, as Experimentally Demonstrated (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Insects, 13 (2), 200. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 13020200" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Sottile
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FB78FE64FB3673B6" box="[1200,1256,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F568FF84FF0FFE08FD4E76A2" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FF2DFE08FE5C7392" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[229,386,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FF2DFE08FE5C7392" box="[229,386,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the body is blackish brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FD0CFE08FCC87392" box="[708,790,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Andricus truncicolus asexual generation: 7–9, old galls remaining on the trunk that have lost almost all their plates showing the larval chamber surface covered in protruding humps; 10, contact chambers on branches of young oak tree; 11, habitus of adult (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978106/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), the head is more rounded in front view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FB23FE08FAE27392" box="[1259,1340,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 25, head, (front view); 26, head, (posterior view); 27, head, (laterofrontal view); 28, antenna; 29, head (dorsal view); 30, head (lateral view); 31, mesosoma (dorsal view); 32, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978112/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the ratio between the transverse diameter of eye (measuring along the transfacial line) and the width of gena behind eye (measured at the same point)> 4.5 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FDE2FDF0FDA3705A" box="[554,637,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 25, head, (front view); 26, head, (posterior view); 27, head, (laterofrontal view); 28, antenna; 29, head (dorsal view); 30, head (lateral view); 31, mesosoma (dorsal view); 32, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978112/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
), first abscissa of radius angled and projecting into radial cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FAF4FDF0FA51705A" box="[1340,1423,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–43" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-37@11.[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–43. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 33, metasoma (lateral view); 34, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 35, forewing; 36, hindwing; 37, mesosoma (ventral view); 38, metasoma (lateral view); 39, fore tibia (the arrows show the long oblique setae on the anterior surface); and 40, foreleg on microscope slide; 41, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view); 42, tarsal claws with strong basal lobe; 43, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978114/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
), metascutellum more than 3.2 times as high as height of ventral impressed rim of metanotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FB70FD94FAD27006" box="[1208,1292,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–43" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-37@11.[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–43. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 33, metasoma (lateral view); 34, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 35, forewing; 36, hindwing; 37, mesosoma (ventral view); 38, metasoma (lateral view); 39, fore tibia (the arrows show the long oblique setae on the anterior surface); and 40, foreleg on microscope slide; 41, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view); 42, tarsal claws with strong basal lobe; 43, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978114/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FA4CFD94FF2270E2" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FA4CFD94FF2270E2" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">A. conificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FEC2FDB8FE5470E2" box="[266,394,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–48" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1405,1429]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[151,1435,181,1382]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 44–48. Andricus conificus asexual female: 44, habitus of adult (lateral view); 45, head, (front view); 46, forewing; 47, hindwing; 48, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978116/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Figs 44–48</figureCitation>
|
||
) the body is reddish brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FD0DFDB8FCC670E2" box="[709,792,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–48" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1405,1429]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[151,1435,181,1382]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 44–48. Andricus conificus asexual female: 44, habitus of adult (lateral view); 45, head, (front view); 46, forewing; 47, hindwing; 48, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978116/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
), the head is trapezoid in front view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FB7BFDB8FADA70E2" box="[1203,1284,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–48" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1405,1429]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[151,1435,181,1382]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 44–48. Andricus conificus asexual female: 44, habitus of adult (lateral view); 45, head, (front view); 46, forewing; 47, hindwing; 48, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978116/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the ratio between the cross diameter of eye (measuring along the transfacial line) and the gena width behind eye (measured at the same point) <3.5 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FE46FD60FE3E70AA" box="[398,480,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–48" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1405,1429]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[151,1435,181,1382]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 44–48. Andricus conificus asexual female: 44, habitus of adult (lateral view); 45, head, (front view); 46, forewing; 47, hindwing; 48, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978116/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
), first abscissa of radius angled, not projecting into radial cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FB5CFD60FB3870AA" box="[1172,1254,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–48" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1405,1429]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[151,1435,181,1382]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 44–48. Andricus conificus asexual female: 44, habitus of adult (lateral view); 45, head, (front view); 46, forewing; 47, hindwing; 48, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978116/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
), metascutellum less than 2.5 times as high as height of ventral impressed rim of metanotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FBC0FD04FB837096" box="[1032,1117,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–48" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1405,1429]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[151,1435,181,1382]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 44–48. Andricus conificus asexual female: 44, habitus of adult (lateral view); 45, head, (front view); 46, forewing; 47, hindwing; 48, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978116/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FA4CFD04FE8C7172" authorityName="Melika" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megatruncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FA4CFD04FE8C7172" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">A. megatruncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FE25FD28FD557172" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[493,651,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FE25FD28FD557172" box="[493,651,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the body is predominantly blackish brown, the head is more rounded in front view, 1.5 times as broad as long from above, 1.3–1.4 times as broad as high in front view, the ratio between the cross diameter of eye (measuring along the transfacial line) and the width of gena behind eye (measured at the same point)> 4.5, OOL 1.4 times as long as LOL, the diameter of the antennal torulus about 1.6 times as large as the distance between them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FE1DFC58FDF471C2" box="[469,554,906,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 25, head, (front view); 26, head, (posterior view); 27, head, (laterofrontal view); 28, antenna; 29, head (dorsal view); 30, head (lateral view); 31, mesosoma (dorsal view); 32, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978112/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
), the mesoscutellum rounded with more delicate sculpture towards the centre of scutellar disk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FE93FC7CFE7071AE" box="[347,430,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 25, head, (front view); 26, head, (posterior view); 27, head, (laterofrontal view); 28, antenna; 29, head (dorsal view); 30, head (lateral view); 31, mesosoma (dorsal view); 32, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978112/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
), scutellar foveae nearly rounded, the radial cell of the forewing 4.3–4.6 times as long as broad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FF2EFC00FEE9718A" box="[230,311,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–43" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-37@11.[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–43. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 33, metasoma (lateral view); 34, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 35, forewing; 36, hindwing; 37, mesosoma (ventral view); 38, metasoma (lateral view); 39, fore tibia (the arrows show the long oblique setae on the anterior surface); and 40, foreleg on microscope slide; 41, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view); 42, tarsal claws with strong basal lobe; 43, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978114/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
) while in
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FE6FFC00FD56718A" box="[423,648,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FE6FFC00FD5D718A" authorityName="Melika" authorityYear="2008" box="[423,643,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megatruncicolus">A. megatruncicolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F568FF84FCE8FC00FBCD718A" author="Tavakoli, M. & Melika, G. & Sadeghi, S. E. & Penzes, Z. & Assareh, M. A. & Atkinson, R. S. & Bechtold, M. & Miko, I. & Zargaran, M. R. & Aligolizade, D. & Barimani, H. & Bihari, P. & Somogyi, K. & Challis, R. & Preuss, S. & Nicholls, J. & Stone, G. N." box="[800,1043,979,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref13712" refString="Tavakoli, M., Melika, G., Sadeghi, S. E., Penzes, Z., Assareh, M. A., Atkinson, R. S., Bechtold, M., Miko, I., Zargaran, M. R., Aligolizade, D., Barimani, H., Bihari, P., F ¸ lop, D., Somogyi, K., Challis, R., Preuss, S., Nicholls, J. & Stone, G. N. (2008) New species of oak gallwasps from Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 1699 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1699.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Tavakoli
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FC40FC00FC1E718A" box="[904,960,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the body is predominantly reddish brown, the head is less rounded, nearly trapezoid in front view, 2.0 times as broad as long from above, 1.5 times as broad as high in front view, the ratio between the cross diameter of eye (measuring along the transfacial line) and the gena width behind eye (measured at the same point) <3.5, OOL 2.8 times as long as LOL, the diameter of antennal torulus nearly 2.5 times as large as the distance between them, the mesoscutellum broader than long, with more dull rugose sculpture along sides of the mesoscutellum and more delicate on the disk center, the radial cell of the forewing only 4.0 times as long as broad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F568FF84FF0FFB1CFBBB7782" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FF0FFB1CFEBA768E" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[199,356,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FF0FFB1CFEBA768E" box="[199,356,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FE28FB1CFD89768F" authorityName="Melika, Mutun & Dinc" authorityYear="2014" box="[480,599,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FE28FB1CFD89768F" box="[480,599,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">A. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FD4AFB1CFCC0768E" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[642,798,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FD4AFB1CFCC0768E" box="[642,798,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the lower face is coriaceous, the malar space 0.4 times as long as height of eye, coriaceous, with numerous distinct strong striae radiating from clypeus and extending half the distance to lower edge of eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FE2DFAC4FDB87756" box="[485,614,1302,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 25, head, (front view); 26, head, (posterior view); 27, head, (laterofrontal view); 28, antenna; 29, head (dorsal view); 30, head (lateral view); 31, mesosoma (dorsal view); 32, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978112/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Figs 25–27</figureCitation>
|
||
), F2 longer than F3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FC82FAC4FC427756" box="[842,924,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 25, head, (front view); 26, head, (posterior view); 27, head, (laterofrontal view); 28, antenna; 29, head (dorsal view); 30, head (lateral view); 31, mesosoma (dorsal view); 32, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978112/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
), the mesoscutum coriaceous, scutellar foveae nearly rounded, as broad as high, with shiny, smooth bottom (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FCABFAE8FC667732" box="[867,952,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 25, head, (front view); 26, head, (posterior view); 27, head, (laterofrontal view); 28, antenna; 29, head (dorsal view); 30, head (lateral view); 31, mesosoma (dorsal view); 32, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978112/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
), the radial cell of the forewing narrower, 4.3–4.6 times as long as broad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FE3CFA8CFD99771E" box="[500,583,1374,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–43" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-37@11.[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–43. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 33, metasoma (lateral view); 34, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 35, forewing; 36, hindwing; 37, mesosoma (ventral view); 38, metasoma (lateral view); 39, fore tibia (the arrows show the long oblique setae on the anterior surface); and 40, foreleg on microscope slide; 41, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view); 42, tarsal claws with strong basal lobe; 43, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978114/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FDBFFA8CFD2B771F" box="[631,757,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FDBFFA8CFD2F771F" authorityName="Melika, Mutun & Dinc" authorityYear="2014" box="[631,753,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">A. turcicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F568FF84FC44FA8CFBB9771E" author="Mutun, S. & Dinc, S. & Bozso, M. & Melika, G." box="[908,1127,1375,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" pagination="241 - 259" refId="ref12608" refString="Mutun, S., Dinc, S., Bozso, M., Melika, G. (2014) Four new species of Andricus Hartig oak gall wasp from Turkey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini). Zootaxa, 3760 (2), 241 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3760.2.5" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Mutun
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FC14FA8CFBCA771E" box="[988,1044,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the lower face is uniformly delicately coriaceous, F2=F3, the malar space 0.2 times as long as height of eye, coriaceous, without striae, the mesoscutum uniformly and entirely reticulate, scutellar foveae transversely ovate, 2.2 times as broad as high, with delicately coriaceous bottom, the radial cell of the forewing 3.4 times as long as broad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F568FF84FF0FFA3CFC0D7412" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FF0FFA3CFEB6746E" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[199,360,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FF0FFA3CFEB6746E" box="[199,360,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FDEDFA3CFBA0746E" authority="Pujade-Villar, Tavakoli & Melika, 2015" authorityName="Pujade-Villar, Tavakoli & Melika" authorityYear="2015" box="[549,1150,1518,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="synophri">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FDEDFA3CFD77746E" box="[549,681,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">A. synophri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F568FF84FD7CFA3CFBA0746E" author="Pujade-Villar, J. & Tavakoli, M. & Melika, G. & Ferrer-Suay, M." box="[692,1150,1518,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12942" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Tavakoli, M., Melika, G. & Ferrer-Suay, M. (2015) Andricus synophri (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), a new species of oak gallwasp from Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 1 (1), 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2015">Pujade-Villar, Tavakoli & Melika, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from which it differs in having the body length around 4.0 mm, F1 longer than F2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FCEAF9C0FCAC744A" box="[802,882,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 25, head, (front view); 26, head, (posterior view); 27, head, (laterofrontal view); 28, antenna; 29, head (dorsal view); 30, head (lateral view); 31, mesosoma (dorsal view); 32, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978112/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the metasomal terga without micropunctures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FF57F9E4FF2A7436" box="[159,244,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–43" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-37@11.[186,1402,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–43. Andricus truncicolus asexual female: 33, metasoma (lateral view); 34, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 35, forewing; 36, hindwing; 37, mesosoma (ventral view); 38, metasoma (lateral view); 39, fore tibia (the arrows show the long oblique setae on the anterior surface); and 40, foreleg on microscope slide; 41, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view); 42, tarsal claws with strong basal lobe; 43, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978114/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
) while
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FE87F9E4FE047436" box="[335,474,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FE87F9E4FE087436" authorityName="Pujade-Villar, Tavakoli & Melika" authorityYear="2015" box="[335,470,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="synophri">A. synophri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F568FF84FDB5F9E4FC717436" author="Pujade-Villar, J. & Tavakoli, M. & Melika, G. & Ferrer-Suay, M." box="[637,943,1590,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12942" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Tavakoli, M., Melika, G. & Ferrer-Suay, M. (2015) Andricus synophri (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), a new species of oak gallwasp from Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 1 (1), 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Pujade-Villar
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FCD5F9E4FC867436" box="[797,856,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is smaller in size, around 3.0 mm has F1 slightly shorter than F2, and with micropunctures on the metasomal terga.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36CC653AF568FF84FF5FF915FEB77562" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F568FF84FF5FF915FBCE7487" blockId="9.[151,1040,1734,1797]" box="[151,1040,1734,1761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<heading id="252181DDF568FF84FF5FF915FBCE7487" bold="true" box="[151,1040,1734,1761]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FF5FF915FBCE7487" bold="true" box="[151,1040,1734,1761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">
|
||
Description of sexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FD9AF915FBCE7487" authority="(Giraud, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[594,1040,1734,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FD9AF915FC8F7486" bold="true" box="[594,849,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F568FF84FCA8F915FBD67487" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[864,1032,1734,1760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref11847" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch- Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 9, 337 - 374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F568FF84FF5FF938FEB77562" blockId="9.[151,1040,1734,1797]" box="[151,361,1771,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FF5FF938FEC87562" box="[151,278,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Andricus truncicolus sexual generation: 18–19, general appearance of the mature gall; 20, dissected gall, showing the larval chambers; 21–22, rare example of gall developing on the leaf blade; 23–24, habitus, female and male (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978110/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Figs 23, 24</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F568FF84FEEAF938FEB77562" box="[290,361,1771,1797]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 49–57" captionStart-1="FIGURES 58–68" captionStart-2="FIGURES 69–79" captionStartId-0="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId-2="figure-37@15.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." captionText-1="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." captionText-2="FIGURES 69–79. Andricus truncicolus male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">49–79</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36CC653AF568FF9CFF5FF8E1FC18737A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F568FF84FF5FF8E1FE27752B" blockId="9.[151,505,1842,1869]" box="[151,505,1842,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<heading id="252181DDF568FF84FF5FF8E1FE27752B" bold="true" box="[151,505,1842,1869]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FF5FF8E1FE27752B" bold="true" box="[151,505,1842,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">Diagnosis of the sexual form</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F568FF81FF5FF8A6FD8F75D5" blockId="9.[151,1437,1908,2043]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,1548,1970]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">
|
||
It closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FEB5F8A7FDF175E9" box="[381,559,1908,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FEB5F8A7FDF175E9" box="[381,559,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">A. multiplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sexual (according to redescription given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F568FF84FBEBF8A7FB6975E9" author="Melika, G." box="[1059,1207,1908,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" pagination="301 - 644" refId="ref12457" refString="Melika, G. (2006) Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement 21 (1 - 2), 1 - 300, 301 - 644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, in sexual females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F568FF84FED0F84BFE6675D5" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[280,440,1944,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F568FF84FED0F84BFE6675D5" box="[280,440,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="219">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, body predominantly reddish yellow, mesosoma never darker brown or black dorsally. Antennae reddish yellow slightly lighter than body; legs yellow-amber except for light brown Ts5 and dark brown tarsal claws. Lower face with striae radiating from clypeo-pleurostomal line nearly reaching eye but not present medially on the lower face and not reaching toruli (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F56DFF81FD10F9DFFC827440" box="[728,860,1548,1575]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">Figs 49, 52</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum alutaceous without rugae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F56DFF81FAC5F9DFFA4E7440" box="[1293,1424,1548,1575]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">Figs 56, 57</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F56DFF81FEFEF9E3FE56742C" box="[310,392,1584,1611]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
) shallowly colliculate; as long as wide from above (width measured across base of tegulae); median mesoscutal line absent; antero-admedian line not impressed, very faintly visible in antero-dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F56DFF81FAA7F987FF6874F4" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
|
||
), parapsidal lines absent. Mesoscutellum distinctly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar foveae ellipsoidal 1.4– 1.5 times broader than high (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F56DFF81FE2EF94FFDE274D0" box="[486,572,1692,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
), weakly delimited posteriorly. Mesopleuron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F56DFF81FB87F94FFB7774D0" box="[1103,1193,1692,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">Figs 56</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F56DFF81FB7FF94FFB0874D0" box="[1207,1238,1692,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">59</figureCitation>
|
||
), mostly smooth, glossy, with or without very indistinct striae on anterodorsal and ventral part, essentially glabrous except very sparse short white setae close to the mesocoxal foramen and on anterodorsal part; acetabular carina delimiting a narrow smooth area laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F56DFF81FE5CF8DBFE347544" box="[404,490,1800,1827]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metascutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F56DFF81FD7DF8DBFCD97545" box="[693,775,1800,1826]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||
) slightly narrower than height of ventral impressed rim of metanotum. Lateral propodeal carinae slightly curved outwards in the middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F56DFF81FBEBF8FFFBA57521" box="[1059,1147,1836,1862]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial cell of forewing 3.6–4.0 times as long as broad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F56DFF81FE30F883FD95750D" box="[504,587,1872,1898]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
|
||
); Rs+M extending to ½ distance between areolet and basal vein. Metasomal tergum 2 with sparse white setae in T2 antero-laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F56DFF81FCE8F8A7FCAA75E9" box="[800,884,1908,1934]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
||
) without micropunctures, subsequent terga with band of very indistinct micropunctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2AA96639F56BFF87FF5FF8ADFEBA75B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978112" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7978112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978112/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="220" startId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F56BFF87FF5FF8ADFEBA75B9" blockId="10.[151,1437,1918,2014]" pageId="10" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F56BFF87FF5FF8ADFE8875F1" bold="true" box="[151,342,1918,1942]" pageId="10" pageNumber="220">FIGURES 25–32.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F56BFF87FE95F8ADFDED75F1" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[349,563,1918,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F56BFF87FE95F8ADFDED75F1" box="[349,563,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="220">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
asexual female: 25, head, (front view); 26, head, (posterior view); 27, head, (laterofrontal view); 28, antenna; 29, head (dorsal view); 30, head (lateral view); 31, mesosoma (dorsal view); 32, pronotum, (anterodorsal view).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2AA96639F56AFF86FF5FF8A6FAF7759E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978114" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7978114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978114/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="221" startId="11.[151,264,1909,1933]" targetBox="[186,1402,181,1884]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F56AFF86FF5FF8A6FAF7759E" blockId="11.[151,1436,1909,2041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F56AFF86FF5FF8A6FE8775EA" bold="true" box="[151,345,1909,1933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="221">FIGURES 33–43.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F56AFF86FEABF8A6FDE275EA" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[355,572,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F56AFF86FEABF8A6FDE275EA" box="[355,572,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="221">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
asexual female: 33, metasoma (lateral view); 34, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 35, forewing; 36, hindwing; 37, mesosoma (ventral view); 38, metasoma (lateral view); 39, fore tibia (the arrows show the long oblique setae on the anterior surface); and 40, foreleg on microscope slide; 41, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view); 42, tarsal claws with strong basal lobe; 43, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2AA96639F56DFF81FF5FFAAEFCB977DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978116" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7978116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978116/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="222" startId="12.[151,264,1405,1429]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1382]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F56DFF81FF5FFAAEFCB977DD" blockId="12.[151,1437,1405,1466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F56DFF81FF5FFAAEFE8B77F2" bold="true" box="[151,341,1405,1429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">FIGURES 44–48.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F56DFF81FE93FAADFDC677F1" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[347,536,1406,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F56DFF81FE93FAADFDC677F1" box="[347,536,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="222">Andricus conificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
asexual female: 44, habitus of adult (lateral view); 45, head, (front view); 46, forewing; 47, hindwing; 48, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2AA96639F56CFF80FF5FF927FEBA7533" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="223" startId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F56CFF80FF5FF927FEBA7533" blockId="13.[151,1436,1780,1876]" pageId="13" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F56CFF80FF5FF927FE8A756B" bold="true" box="[151,340,1780,1804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="223">FIGURES 49–57.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F56CFF80FE92F927FDF0756B" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[346,558,1780,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F56CFF80FE92F927FDF0756B" box="[346,558,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="223">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2AA96639F56FFF83FF5FF8A6FBDA759F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="224" startId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" targetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F56FFF83FF5FF8A6FBDA759F" blockId="14.[151,1437,1909,2041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F56FFF83FF5FF8A6FE8875EA" bold="true" box="[151,342,1909,1933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="224">FIGURES 58–68.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F56FFF83FE97F8A6FDEB75EA" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[351,565,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F56FFF83FE97F8A6FDEB75EA" box="[351,565,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="224">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2AA96639F56EFF82FF5FF844FB87759F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7978122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="225" startId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F56EFF82FF5FF844FB87759F" blockId="15.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="15" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F56EFF82FF5FF844FE8C75C8" bold="true" box="[151,338,1943,1967]" pageId="15" pageNumber="225">FIGURES 69–79.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F56EFF82FE9FF84BFDF775D7" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[343,553,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F56EFF82FE9FF84BFDF775D7" box="[343,553,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="225">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F571FF9DFF0FFF44FCB97038" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">
|
||
In females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F571FF9DFEBAFF44FDF672D6" box="[370,552,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F571FF9DFEBAFF44FDF672D6" box="[370,552,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">A. multiplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sexual, body predominantly brown to light brown, usually mesosoma and metasoma darker or even black dorsally. In some specimens scutum, scutellum, propodeum and metasoma dorsally are black. Antennae and legs brown, slightly lighter than body. Lower face with striae radiating from clypeus nearly reaching toruli. Pronotum mainly coriaceous, with some strong wrinkles along antero-lateral edge. Mesoscutum finely uniformly rugose, slightly longer than broad (width measured across the basis of tegulae). Median mesoscutal line distinct, extending to 1/3–1/4 of scutum length; parapsidal lines distinct, reaching well above the level of the base of tegulae; antero-admedian line extending to half of scutum length. Mesoscutellum slightly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar foveae nearly rounded, only slightly broader than high, posteriorly delimited by sculpture. Mesopleuron uniformly transversely striate, with dense patch of white setae postero-ventrally; acetabular carina delimiting a broad rugose area laterally. Metascutellum nearly 2.0 times as high as height of ventral impressed rim of metanotum; lateral propodeal carinae slightly curved outwards in the posterior 1/3. Radial cell of forewing 4.5–4.7; Rs+M extending to 2/3 of distance between areolet and basal vein. Metasomal tergum 2 with dense patch of white setae antero-laterally; all terga without micropunctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F571FF9DFF0FFDBAFEAC7089" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">
|
||
In male of
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F571FF9DFE98FDBAFE2770E4" box="[336,505,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F571FF9DFE98FDBAFE2B70E4" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[336,501,617,643]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">A. truncicolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
F1 excavated in basal half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F571FF9DFC99FDBAFC7470E4" box="[849,938,617,643]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–79" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-37@15.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 69–79. Andricus truncicolus male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||
); with or without very indistinct striae on anterodorsal and ventral part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F571FF9DFE21FD5FFDB270C0" box="[489,620,652,679]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–79" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-37@15.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 69–79. Andricus truncicolus male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Figs 72, 74</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F571FF9DFC83FD5EFC2370C1" box="[843,1021,652,679]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F571FF9DFC83FD5EFC2370C1" box="[843,1021,652,679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">A. multiplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(according to redescription given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F571FF9DFF5FFD63FEF970AD" author="Melika, G." box="[151,295,688,714]" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" pagination="301 - 644" refId="ref12457" refString="Melika, G. (2006) Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement 21 (1 - 2), 1 - 300, 301 - 644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) F1 almost straight or only weakly curved, sometimes also weakly excavated; mesopleuron uniformly transversely striate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F571FF9DFF0FFD2BFB577760" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">
|
||
It closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F571FF9DFE7DFD2BFCFA7175" authority="Mayr, 1870" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1870" box="[437,804,760,786]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F571FF9DFE7DFD2BFD4D7175" box="[437,659,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Andricus singularis</emphasis>
|
||
Mayr, 1870
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F571FF9DFB8BFD2BFB3D7175" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1091,1251,760,786]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F571FF9DFB8BFD2BFB3D7175" box="[1091,1251,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sex the body is mostly reddish yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F571FF9DFE6CFCC8FE277151" box="[420,505,795,822]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Andricus truncicolus sexual generation: 18–19, general appearance of the mature gall; 20, dissected gall, showing the larval chambers; 21–22, rare example of gall developing on the leaf blade; 23–24, habitus, female and male (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978110/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
), legs slightly lighter than body, the diameter of antennal torulus nearly 2.0 times as large as distance between them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F571FF9DFDEFFCECFDA5713E" box="[551,635,831,857]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
), mesoscutum shallowly colliculate, mesoscutellum broader than long, reticulate-rugose around its limits, more delicate in the central part of disk, scutellar foveae subrectangular and not or very slightly delimited posteriorly with glossy, smooth bottom (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F571FF9DFC7AFC54FBD971C6" box="[946,1031,902,929]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
), mesopleuron with or without very indistinct striae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F571FF9DFE98FC79FE7D71A2" box="[336,419,938,965]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F571FF9DFD58FC78FCC071A3" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1870" box="[656,798,938,965]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F571FF9DFD58FC78FCC071A3" box="[656,798,938,965]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">A. singularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the body is mostly dark brown to black, legs dirty brown, coxae darker, mid legs brown, the diameter of antennal torulus at least 3.0 times as large as distance between them, mesoscutum alutaceous-reticulate, mesoscutellum slightly longer than broad, uniformly rugose, with distinct sharp rugae, scutellar foveae rounded, as broad as high, well delimited around, with coriaceous bottom, mesopleuron entirely or partially longitudinally striate, sometimes with small non-striate area posteriorly. In the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F571FF9DFA4CFBE9FECB7610" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F571FF9DFA4CFBE9FECB7610" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the body is mostly reddish yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F571FF9DFD7CFB8EFCD77610" box="[692,777,1117,1143]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Andricus truncicolus sexual generation: 18–19, general appearance of the mature gall; 20, dissected gall, showing the larval chambers; 21–22, rare example of gall developing on the leaf blade; 23–24, habitus, female and male (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978110/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
), legs slightly lighter than body, F1 1.3 times longer than F2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F571FF9DFF0FFB52FEC076FC" box="[199,286,1153,1179]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–79" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-37@15.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 69–79. Andricus truncicolus male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||
), mesopleuron with or without very indistinct striae on anterodorsal and ventral part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F571FF9DFACFFB52FA5176FC" box="[1287,1423,1153,1179]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–79" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-37@15.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 69–79. Andricus truncicolus male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Figs 72, 74</figureCitation>
|
||
), mesoscutellum rugulose, with more delicate sculpture towards the centre of disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F571FF9DFB81FB77FB4376D8" box="[1097,1181,1188,1215]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–79" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-37@15.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 69–79. Andricus truncicolus male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
|
||
) while in males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F571FF9DFA4CFB76FED97685" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F571FF9DFA4CFB76FED97685" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">A. singularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the body mostly reddish to black, F1 only 1.2 times as long as F2, mesopleuron finely striate in anterior 2/3, remainder of surface smooth and glossy, mesoscutellum alutaceous with glossy areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F571FF9DFF0FFAC3FBDD75D7" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">
|
||
Moreover, the sexual generation galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F571FF9DFD50FAC3FCE8774D" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[664,822,1296,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F571FF9DFD50FAC3FCE8774D" box="[664,822,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are indistinguishable from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F571FF9DFB19FAC3FA88774D" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1233,1366,1296,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F571FF9DFB19FAC3FA88774D" box="[1233,1366,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">A. conificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while the inducers are easily differentiated. In sexual females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F571FF9DFCF4FAE7FC05772A" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[828,987,1331,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F571FF9DFCF4FAE7FC05772A" box="[828,987,1331,1358]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
body is predominantly reddish yellow, legs slightly lighter than body; frons, vertex, and occiput uniformly coriaceous. Mesopleuron with or without very indistinct striae; mesoscutellum broader than long, reticulate rugose around its limits, more delicate in the central part of disk with unemarginated posterior margin. Scutellar foveae subrectangular not or very slightly delimited posteriorly; mesoscutum shallowly colliculate. White setae on prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium few, long (about one and a half times the median diameter of the hypopygium in lateral view), curved, and slightly extending behind apex of spine. In females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F571FF9DFD70F9D9FCE17443" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[696,831,1546,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F571FF9DFD70F9D9FCE17443" box="[696,831,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">A. conificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sex, body mostly dark brown to black, with yellow legs, except for proximal part of hind coxae being dark brown; frons, vertex, and occiput reticulate. Mesopleuron with very marked striae on; mesoscutellum as long as is broad, uniformly strongly areolate-rugose with distinct mainly longitudinal sharp rugae with emarginate posterior margin. Scutellar foveae subtriangular well-delimited posteriorly; mesoscutum deeply colliculate. White setae on prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium very few, short (approximately as long as the median diameter of the hypopygium in lateral view), erect, and not extending behind apex of ventral spine. In males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F571FF9DFDBEF931FCCB749C" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[630,789,1761,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F571FF9DFDBEF931FCCB749C" box="[630,789,1761,1788]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
body predominantly reddish yellow, legs slightly lighter than body. Diameter of torulus (including rims) equal to eye-torulus distance; eye-torulus distance nearly 3.0 times as large as distance between toruli. Frons and vertex coriaceous. Scutellar foveae subrectangular not or very slightly delimited posteriorly. Mesoscutellum around its limits, reticulate rugose, more delicate or coriaceous in the central part of disk, with unemarginate posterior margin. Mesoscutum shallowly colliculate; mesopleuron with or without very indistinct striae; ratio of breadth to height of metascutellum less than 1.5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F571FF9CFF0FF869FC18737A" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2040]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">
|
||
In males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F571FF9DFE98F869FE0B75B4" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[336,469,1977,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F571FF9DFE98F869FE0B75B4" box="[336,469,1977,2004]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">A. conificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
body mostly dark brown to black, with yellow legs, except for proximal part of hind coxae being dark brown. Diameter of torulus (including rims) nearly 1.6 times eye-torulus distance; eye-torulus distance nearly 1.4 times as large as distance between toruli. Frons and vertex rugose. scutellar foveae subtriangular well-delimited posteriorly. mesoscutellum around its limits, strongly reticulate rugose, more delicate or colliculate in the central part of disk, with emarginate posterior margin. Mesoscutum deeply colliculate; mesopleuron with very marked striae; ratio of breadth to height of metascutellum more than 2.0.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36CC653AF570FF9FFF5FFEBDFA4C757A" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F570FF9CFF5FFEBDFEF673EF" blockId="17.[151,296,366,392]" box="[151,296,366,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<heading id="252181DDF570FF9CFF5FFEBDFEF673EF" bold="true" box="[151,296,366,392]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F570FF9CFF5FFEBDFEF673EF" bold="true" box="[151,296,366,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F570FF9CFF5FFE65FB8B7006" blockId="17.[151,1437,438,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F570FF9CFF5FFE65FEE073B7" bold="true" box="[151,318,438,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Sexual female</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="B92E9B54F570FF9CFE2AFE64FDB073B6" box="[482,622,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body with sparse white setae, predominantly reddish yellow, antennae slightly lighter than body, excluding the distal half which are darkened; eyes black; legs yellow-amber except for light brown Ts5 and dark brown tarsal claws. Mesosoma reddish yellow, in some specimens with 2–4 darker longitudinal stripes on mesoscutum. Metasoma light brown except T2 which is dark reddish yellow dorsally and laterally for more than 3/4 of its length; wings hyaline, veins yellow-brown to brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F570FF9CFF0FFDB8FEA47652" blockId="17.[151,1437,438,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
|
||
Head with sparse white setae slightly more dense on lower face, nearly 1.1–1.3 times as broad as high in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F570FF9CFF14FD5CFEF170CE" box="[220,303,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
), 1.9–2.0 times as broad as long in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F570FF9CFC8FFD5CFC4570CE" box="[839,923,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
); frons, vertex and interocellar area uniformly coriaceous, with irregular dark spot in the ocellar area in some specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F570FF9CFC39FD60FB9970AA" box="[1009,1095,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lower face alutaceous, with striae radiating from clypeo-pleurostomal line nearly reaching eye and not present medially on the lower face; malar sulcus absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F570FF9CFE4FFD28FDD07172" box="[391,526,762,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Figs 49, 52</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clypeus smooth, trapezoid, ventral margin projecting over mandibles, marked by prominent epistomal sulcus, and with rare setae; anterior tentorial pits and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct and ventrally emarginated. Gena alutaceous to delicately coriaceous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F570FF9CFCBCFC90FC18713A" box="[884,966,834,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
), not broadened behind eye in front view, covered in sparse setae. Occiput coriaceous with few white setae; postgena alutaceous to delicately coriaceous, with sparse white setae; area around occipital foramen impressed, without or with rare setae. Postocciput around occipital foramen impressed; posterior tentorial pits distinct, elongate, deep; occipital foramen slightly higher than height of postgenal bridge, which is nearly 2.0 times shorter than length of oral foramen; gula narrowed in lower half with very few and delicate longitudinal striae in lower half; gular sulci very weakly impressed, curved outwards in the upper half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F570FF9CFED1FBC8FEB37652" box="[281,365,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F570FF9CFF0FFBECFD91776A" blockId="17.[151,1437,438,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Malar space 0.3 times as long as height of compound eye. Transfacial distance 1.0–1.1 times as long as height of eye and 1.5–1.6 times as long as height of lower face (distance between antennal rim and tip of clypeus); diameter of torulus (including antennal rims) nearly two times the distance between them; distance between torulus and inner margin of eye nearly equal to the diameter of torulus. Ocelli elliptical in shape, elevated over dorsal margin of head; POL 1.5–1.6 times as long as OOL; OOL 2.0 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and 1.4–1.5 times as long as LOL. Inner margins of eyes parallel.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F570FF9CFF0FFAC4FBFB77FA" blockId="17.[151,1437,438,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
|
||
Antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F570FF9CFEF2FAC4FE4E7756" box="[314,400,1302,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 11 flagellomeres, longer than head+mesosoma, with short and sparse setae on all flagellomeres; pedicel longer than broad, scape + pedicel 1.5–1.6 times longer than F1, which is slightly longer than F2; subsequent flagellomeres F3–F7 gradually decreasing in length, F7–F10 nearly of the same length and as broad as long, F11 2.0–2.2 times longer than F10; placodeal sensilla visible on F4–F11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F570FF9CFF0FFA74FC7B77A6" blockId="17.[151,1437,438,2013]" box="[199,933,1446,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
|
||
Mesosoma 1.2–1.3 times as long as high in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F570FF9CFC8CFA74FC4677A6" box="[836,920,1446,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F570FF9CFF0FFA18FCD47562" blockId="17.[151,1437,438,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
|
||
Pronotum alutaceous, with few long white setae along antero-lateral edge, more densely along anterior rim of pronotum and in the posteroventral corner of pronotum, rare in other parts; anterior rim of pronotum narrow, emarginate; transverse pronotal sulcus present, shallow, striate; posterolateral pronotal area, latero-median and median area of pronotum alutaceous without rugae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F570FF9CFD37F9E4FC557436" box="[767,907,1590,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Figs 56, 57</figureCitation>
|
||
). Propleuron alutaceous, smooth, with sparse short setae, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F570FF9CFEEEF988FEA57412" box="[294,379,1626,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F570FF9CFDE7F988FD5F7412" box="[559,641,1626,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
) shallowly colliculate, with sparse white setae along its lateral margin and along notauli; as long as wide from above (width measured across base of tegulae); notauli complete, deeply impressed for full length smooth, glossy; median mesoscutal line absent; antero-admedian line not impressed, very faintly visible in antero-dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F570FF9CFDFEF914FD577486" box="[566,649,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
|
||
), parapsidal lines absent; parascutal carina narrow, anteriorly reaching notauli, mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus not sculptured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F570FF9CFF0FF8DCFDE475DE" blockId="17.[151,1437,438,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
|
||
Transscutal articulation deep, distinct. Mesoscutellum nearly as long as broad from dorsal view, 1.8–1.9 times shorter than mesoscutum, rounded, not elongated, marginated, rugulose, with more delicate sculpture towards the centre of disc, with rare long white setae; distinctly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar foveae ellipsoidal 1.4–1.5 times broader than high (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F570FF9CFE70F8A8FDD375F2" box="[440,525,1914,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
), weakly delimited posteriorly and separated by distinct, narrow, central carina, deep with smooth and glossy bottom.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F570FF9CFF0FF810FC2E75BA" blockId="17.[151,1437,438,2013]" box="[199,1008,1986,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
|
||
Mesopleural triangle uniformly coriaceous, densely pubescent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F570FF9CFC47F810FC3A75BA" box="[911,996,1986,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F573FF9FFF0FFF44FD4F729E" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Mesopleuron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFEA3FF44FE1A72D6" box="[363,452,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Figs 56</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFE19FF45FE2E72D6" box="[465,496,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">59</figureCitation>
|
||
), mostly smooth, glossy, with or without very indistinct striae on anterodorsal and ventral part, speculum smooth and glossy; essentially glabrous except very sparse short white setae close to the mesocoxal foramen and on anterodorsal part.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F573FF9FFF0FFED0FEBD7302" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Pleurosternum smooth, glossy, with very faint wrinkles between mesocoxal foramina and mesofurcal pit; metasubpleuron smooth, glossy with sparse long white setae; acetabular carina delimiting a narrow smooth area laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFECAFE99FE897302" box="[258,343,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F573FF9FFF0FFEBDFC887038" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron in the upper 1/3 of its height (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFC2EFEBDFBE473EE" box="[998,1082,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
); areas delimited by the inferior and superior parts of metapleural sulcus coriaceous, with dense white setae; preaxilla smooth and glossy; dorsal axillar area alutaceous with dense white setae; lateral axillar area smooth and glossy; axillar carina distinct and narrow; axillula subtriangular smooth, glossy, with dense white setae; subaxillular bar triangular, narrow, smooth and glossy, at posterior end shorter than height of metanotal trough and rugose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFC6EFE2EFC22707F" box="[934,1020,509,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–57" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[151,1435,181,1756]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 49–57. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 49, head, (front view); 50, head, (posterior view); 51, 52, head, (lateral and latero-frontal view); 53, antenna; 54, head (dorsal view); 55, 56, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 57, pronotum, (anterodorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978118/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
). Propodeal spiracle elevated, ovate, carina extending from spiracle distinctly raised; pit above spiracle deep, smooth, glossy; area between metapleural sulcus and spiracle glossy, with some punctures and rare setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F573FF9FFF0FFDBBFA8E766C" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Metascutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFEB7FDBBFE0C70E5" box="[383,466,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||
) trapezoidal, broad, more than 2.0 times as broad as high, smooth or very delicately sculptured, nearly straight inferiorly, slightly narrower than height of ventral impressed rim of metanotum, which is smooth; metanotal trough smooth, glossy, with rare white setae. Lateral propodeal carinae distinct and percurrent, slightly curved outwards in the middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFD85FD00FD40708A" box="[589,670,723,749]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||
), strong and uniformly thick, which end dorsally in a thick protruding small process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFE8BFD24FE147176" box="[323,458,759,786]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Figs 59, 60</figureCitation>
|
||
), central propodeal area glabrous, smooth, glossy, without median propodeal vertical carina and without setae; central propodeal area short, more than 2.5 times broader than long, with its height equal to or slightly shorter than height of metascutellum+height of ventral impressed rim of metanotum; lateral propodeal area alutaceous with some very delicate rugae and with relatively dense white setae; nucha short, acinose dorsally and with irregular wrinkles laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFDFDFC55FD5671C7" box="[565,648,902,928]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFCDCFC55FCBB71C7" box="[788,869,902,928]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
|
||
) pubescent, hyaline, 1.3–1.4 times as long as body, with distinct brown veins and long marginal cilia; radial cell open, 3.6–4.0 times as long as broad; R1 and Rs nearly reaching wing margin, Rs slightly extending along wing margin; 2r curved; areolet distinct, triangular; 2r-m not extending along M vein; Rs+M weakly marked and extending to ½ distance between areolet and basal vein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F573FF9FFF0FFBC6FEAE7716" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Hindwing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFE8EFBC6FE467648" box="[326,408,1045,1071]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
|
||
), pubescent, hyaline, long-ciliate, very weakly clouded around veins without infuscate stripe on the anterior margin. All tarsal segments longer than broad, Ts1 the longest one; tarsal claws with basal lobe; fore tarsomere I (Ts1) to V (Ts5) length ratio as 1.0:0.4:0.3:0.2:0.5; tibial spur slightly curved inward, bifid at apex, nearly 0.5 times as long as basitarsus of foreleg (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFCC1FB53FC8076FD" box="[777,862,1152,1178]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metasoma as long as mesosoma, about 0.8 times as long as length of head + mesosoma. Metasoma nearly as long as high in lateral view or very slightly longer than high, smooth, glossy, with sparse white setae in T2 antero-laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFC2EFB1BFBE27685" box="[998,1084,1224,1250]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
||
); metasomal tergum 2 without micropunctures, subsequent terga with band of very indistinct micropunctures; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium 5.5–6.0 times as long as broad in ventral view, with few, long white setae (about 1.5 times the median diameter of the hypopygium in lateral view), curved, and slightly extending behind apex of spine but never forming a tuft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFF28FA84FEBD7716" box="[224,355,1366,1393]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–68" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–68. Andricus truncicolus sexual female: 58, pronotum and propleuron (frontal view); 59, mesosoma (ventral view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, forewing; 62, hindwing; 63, 64, metasoma (lateral and dorsal view); 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view); 66, fore tarsus, the arrow shows the magnification of tarsal claws with basal lobe; 67, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 68, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978120/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Figs 63–65</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F573FF9FFF0FFAA9FA4C757A" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F573FF9FFF0FFAA9FEDA77F3" bold="true" box="[199,260,1402,1428]" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="B92E9B54F573FF9FFE6BFAA9FDF077F2" box="[419,558,1402,1429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Similar to female, but POL 2.0 times as long as OOL; OOL 1.6 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and nearly equal to LOL (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFD36FA4DFC8D77DF" box="[766,851,1438,1464]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–79" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-37@15.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 69–79. Andricus truncicolus male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, F1 distally slightly broadened, excavated in basal half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFDECFA11FDA977BB" box="[548,631,1474,1500]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–79" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-37@15.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 69–79. Andricus truncicolus male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||
); scape + pedicel 1.2–1.3 times longer than F1; placodeal sensilla visible on F1–F12. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFE70FA36FDD67467" box="[440,520,1509,1536]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–79" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-37@15.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 69–79. Andricus truncicolus male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
|
||
) as long as wide from above (width measured across base of tegulae). Mesopleuron with or without very indistinct striae on anterodorsal and ventral part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFC6AF9DAFBFA7444" box="[930,1060,1545,1571]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–79" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-37@15.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 69–79. Andricus truncicolus male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Figs 72, 74</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pleurosternum without wrinkles between mesocoxal foramina and mesofurcal pit. Metascutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFCB7F9FEFC0F7420" box="[895,977,1581,1607]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–79" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-37@15.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 69–79. Andricus truncicolus male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
|
||
) narrow, nearly as high as broad, curved inferiorly, slightly broader than height of ventral impressed rim of metanotum. Lateral propodeal carinae distinct and percurrent, very slightly curved outwards in posterior 1/3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFCBAF9A7FC2574E8" box="[882,1019,1652,1679]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–79" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-37@15.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 69–79. Andricus truncicolus male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Figs 73, 77</figureCitation>
|
||
); central propodeal area longer, less than 1.5 times broader than long; with its height from 1.4 to 1.5 times as height as metascutellum+height of ventral impressed rim of metanotum; lateral propodeal area with sparse white setae. Forewing similar to female but Rs+M nearly reaching basal vein in the lower half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFD4DF90CFD0D749D" box="[645,723,1759,1786]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–79" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-37@15.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 69–79. Andricus truncicolus male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig.75</figureCitation>
|
||
); hindwing similar to female but with narrow infuscate stripe on the anterior margin, starting from hamuli and extending along the margin for more than 3/4 of its length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F573FF9FFAF9F8D0FA5B757A" box="[1329,1413,1795,1821]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–79" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-37@15.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 69–79. Andricus truncicolus male: 69, head, (front view); 70, head (dorsal view); 71,72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral view); 73, mesosoma (posterodorsal view); 74 mesosoma (anteroventral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing; 77, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 78, first antennal segments; 79, metasoma (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978122/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36CC653AF573FF9EFF0FF8F4FC16715E" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F573FF9EFF0FF8F4FC16715E" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2038]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F573FF9FFF0FF8F4FE3F7526" bold="true" box="[199,481,1831,1857]" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Biology and host plant.</emphasis>
|
||
Species shows a regular heteroecic life cycle (i.e. obligate alternation between two generations, sexual and asexual, form galls on two different oak species). Results of the rearing assay and material obtained from field sampled galls demonstrated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F573FF9FFD35F8A3FC4375EE" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[765,925,1903,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F573FF9FFD35F8A3FC4375EE" box="[765,925,1903,1930]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
asexual generation develops on oaks of the section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F573FF9FFF39F840FE9075CA" baseAuthorityName="Melika" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[241,334,1939,1965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F573FF9FFEA9F847FD5875CA" box="[353,646,1939,1966]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F573FF9FFEA9F847FE0175CA" box="[353,479,1940,1966]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petraea">Q. petraea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F573FF9FFE25F847FD5875CA" authorityName=", Willd" authorityYear="1805" box="[493,646,1939,1966]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">Q. pubescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) while the sexual generation develops on oaks of the section Cerris (
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F573FF9FFF69F86BFEAB75B6" box="[161,373,1975,2002]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F573FF9FFF69F86BFED675B6" box="[161,264,1976,2002]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">Q. cerris</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F573FF9FFEDCF86BFEAB75B6" box="[276,373,1975,2002]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suber">Q. suber</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). Sexual generation galls begin to develop in the second half of April, mature in May and the adults emerge from the mid- to late June to July. The emerged sexual adults copulate and lay eggs preferably on adventitious buds on thicker stems and branches, and the asexual galls begin to develop in the spring of the following year. We hypothesise that from the egg laying to the development of the galls (about 10 months) a diapause occurs at the egg stage or during latent growth of the gall, when it is not yet visible. The gall grows and becomes visible in May, matures in summer when the tissues are completely lignified. Metamorphosis to the pupal stage is observed in October (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6ED2A34F572FF9EFEC8FEF4FE9D7326" box="[256,323,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-37@3.[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Andricus truncicolus asexual generation: 1, general appearance of the young gall and 2, its section showing the spongy consistency and thick central white trophic tissue surrounding the larval chamber; 3, newly emerged adult of gallmaker; 4, section of mature gall showing the pupal stage; 5, old galls with intact plates and 6, with detached plates around the emergence hol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7978104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7978104/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the adult emerges in March of the following year. The life cycle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F572FF9EFBA4FEF4FAD67326" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1132,1288,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F572FF9EFBA4FEF4FAD67326" box="[1132,1288,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is completed in two years (three, when the asexual female emerges in the second year). Moreover, the emergence of only male or female adults from sexual galls induced by each of the two asexual females used in the experiment (in which we obtained 3 galls from which 8, 48 and
|
||
<specimenCount id="68D0FD38F572FF9EFDB7FE40FD2573CA" box="[639,763,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" type="female">30 females</specimenCount>
|
||
emerged, respectively, and two galls from which 6 and
|
||
<specimenCount id="68D0FD38F572FF9EFA48FE40FF0673B6" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" type="male">20 males</specimenCount>
|
||
emerged, respectively), and the emergence of only males from most of the sexual galls collected in the field (see “Additional material examined for morphological diagnosis.”) suggests that two different
|
||
<typeStatus id="A16D8813F572FF9EFB07FE08FAD47392" box="[1231,1290,475,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of asexually reproducing females, androphores (producing haploid male eggs by meiosis) and gynephores (producing diploid female eggs), occur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F572FF9EFE5CFDF0FDEF705A" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[404,561,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F572FF9EFE5CFDF0FDEF705A" box="[404,561,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, following a pattern already known in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F572FF9EFBC1FDF0FBB1705A" box="[1033,1135,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynipini">Cynipini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The occurrence of asexual androphore and gynephore females is known for several members of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F572FF9EFBE8FD94FB5B7006" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1056,1157,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F572FF9EFBE8FD94FB5B7006" box="[1056,1157,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Andricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F572FF9EFB5BFD94FB3F7006" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1171,1249,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F572FF9EFB5BFD94FB3F7006" box="[1171,1249,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F572FF9EFB27FD94FAB27007" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1263,1388,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F572FF9EFB27FD94FAB27007" box="[1263,1388,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Neuroterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F572FF9EFF76FDB8FD9670E2" authority="Kieffer, 1901" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1901" box="[190,584,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amenti">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F572FF9EFF76FDB8FE7370E3" box="[190,429,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Plagiotrochus amenti</emphasis>
|
||
Kieffer, 1901
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F572FF9EFD9DFDB8FD3D70E2" author="Folliot, R." box="[597,739,619,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" pagination="407 - 564" refId="ref11640" refString="Folliot, R. (1964) Contribution a l'etude de la biologie des cynipides gallicoles (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea). Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie, 12 (6), 407 - 564." type="journal article" year="1964">Folliot 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F572FF9EFD24FDB8FCA570E2" author="Askew, R. R." box="[748,891,619,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" pagination="223 - 271" refId="ref10896" refString="Askew, R. R. (1984) The Biology of gall wasps. In: Ananthakrishnan, T. N. (Ed.), Biology of gall insects. Edward Arnold, London, pp. 223 - 271." type="book chapter" year="1984">Askew 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F572FF9EFC4DFDB8FB9A70E2" author="Stone, G. N. & Schonrogge, K. & Atkinson, R. J. & Bellido, D. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[901,1092,619,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" pagination="633 - 668" refId="ref13643" refString="Stone, G. N., Schonrogge, K., Atkinson, R. J., Bellido, D. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2002) The population biology of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 47, 633 - 668. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. ento. 47.091201.145247" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Stone
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F572FF9EFC03FDB8FBDC70E2" box="[971,1026,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F572FF9EFB86FDB8FAF770E2" author="Garbin, L. & Diaz, N. B. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[1102,1321,619,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" pagination="341 - 349" refId="ref11788" refString="Garbin, L., Diaz, N. B. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2008) Experimental study of the reproductive cycle of Plagiotrochus amenti Kieffer, 1901 (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae), with comments on its taxonomy. Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia, 32, 341 - 349." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Garbin
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F572FF9EFB6AFDB8FB0770E2" box="[1186,1241,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F572FF9EFA4CFDB8FF2270CE" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F572FF9EFA4CFDB8FF2270CE" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">A. conificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(unpublished data). This reproductive strategy appears to reduce the benefits of strict parthenogenesis in asexual females. Furthermore, the occurrence in the same biotope of both section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F572FF9EFBE7FD60FBA970AA" box="[1071,1143,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F572FF9EFBE7FD60FBA970AA" box="[1071,1143,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Cerris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
oaks and section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F572FF9EFAF6FD60FA4270AA" baseAuthorityName="Melika" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1342,1436,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F572FF9EFAF6FD60FA4270AA" box="[1342,1436,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
oaks is needed to support the complete heteroecic cycle of the insect. Despite this,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9D64D32F572FF9EFB90FD04FB297096" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1112,1271,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F572FF9EFB90FD04FB297096" box="[1112,1271,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread in the Western Palaearctic region, and can be found in both natural and sub-urban areas where the host plants are present, showing good resilience even in fragmented natural ecosystems.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36CC653AF572FF9EFF0FFC91FEC1718A" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F572FF9EFF0FFC91FCCE71C2" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F572FF9EFF0FFC91FEBF713B" bold="true" box="[199,353,834,860]" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Widely distributed in the Western Palaearctic region:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06C17621F572FF9EFC02FC90FBC1713A" box="[970,1055,835,861]" name="Austria" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06C17621F572FF9EFBE4FC90FB66713A" box="[1068,1208,835,861]" name="Serbia" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06C17621F572FF9EFB0DFC90FAF6713A" box="[1221,1320,835,861]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06C17621F572FF9EFAFDFC90FA46713A" box="[1333,1432,835,861]" name="Hungary" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06C17621F572FF9EFF5FFCB4FF2F71E6" box="[151,241,871,897]" name="Ukraine" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Transcarpathian Region only),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06C17621F572FF9EFD90FCB4FD1E71E6" box="[600,704,871,897]" name="Romania" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Romania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06C17621F572FF9EFD01FCB4FCFB71E6" box="[713,805,871,897]" name="Albania" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Albania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06C17621F572FF9EFCE6FCB4FCA171E6" box="[814,895,871,897]" name="Poland" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06C17621F572FF9EFC41FCB4FC0571E6" box="[905,987,871,897]" name="Greece" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
, (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F572FF9EFC24FCB4FBA171E6" author="Melika, G." box="[1004,1151,871,897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" pagination="301 - 644" refId="ref12457" refString="Melika, G. (2006) Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement 21 (1 - 2), 1 - 300, 301 - 644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06C17621F572FF9EFB5AFCB4FB0471E6" box="[1170,1242,871,897]" name="Serbia" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Serbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F572FF9EFB2EFCB4FA4B71E6" author="Markovic, C." box="[1254,1429,871,897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" pagination="177 - 193" refId="ref12406" refString="Markovic, C. (2022) Survey of Cynipid Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in Serbia. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 24 (2), 177 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.51963 / jers. v 24 i 2.2213" type="journal article" year="2022">Marković 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06C17621F572FF9EFF5FFC58FF3771C2" box="[151,233,907,933]" name="Croatia" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F572FF9EFF30FC58FE5A71C2" author="Kwast, E." box="[248,388,907,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" pagination="223 - 245" refId="ref12168" refString="Kwast, E. (2012) A contribution to the fauna of Cynipidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) of Croatia with a description of an asexual female of Andricus korlevici (Kieffer, 1902) nov. Comb. Natura Croatica, 21, 223 - 245." type="journal article" year="2012">Kwast 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06C17621F572FF9EFE5FFC58FE3971C2" box="[407,487,907,933]" name="Turkey" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F572FF9EFE3EFC58FCDA71C2" author="Katilmis, Y. & Kiyak, S." box="[502,772,907,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" pagination="2161 - 2167" refId="ref12074" refString="Katilmis, Y. & Kiyak, S. (2008) Checklist of Cynipidae of Turkey with a new genus record. Journal of Natural History, 42 (31 - 32), 2161 - 2167. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930802148981" type="journal article" year="2008">Katılmış & Kıyak 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E6936B1F572FF9EFF0FFC7CFEC1718A" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">
|
||
Concerning
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06C17621F572FF9EFE98FC7CFE5A71AE" box="[336,388,943,969]" name="Italy" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it is known from the northern and southern regions, including
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BC12F853F572FF9EFB89FC7CFB5C71AE" box="[1089,1154,943,969]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F572FF9EFB5AFC7CFA9771AE" author="De Stefani T." box="[1170,1353,943,969]" pageId="19" pageNumber="229" pagination="440 - 556" refId="ref11457" refString="De Stefani T. (1901) Contribuzione all'entomocecidiologia della flora sicula. Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano. Memorie della Societa Botanica Italiana, 8, 440 - 556." type="journal article" year="1901">De Stefani 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A474B40F572FF9EFA9DFC7CFECC718A" author="Massa, B. & Cerasa, G. & Pagliano, G." pageId="19" pageNumber="229" refId="ref12270" refString="Massa, B., Cerasa, G. & Pagliano, G. (2021). Insecta Hymenoptera Cynipidae. In: Bologna, M. A., Zapparoli, M., Oliverio, M., Minelli, A., Bonato, L., Cianferoni, F. & Stoch, F. (Eds.), Checklist of the Italian Fauna. Version 1.0. Last update 31 May 2021. Available from: https: // www. lifewatchitaly. eu / en / initiatives / checklist-fauna-italia-en / checklist / (accessed 20 January 2023)" type="url" year="2021">
|
||
Massa
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA2EAA3F572FF9EFF5FFC00FF11718A" box="[151,207,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |