194 lines
25 KiB
XML
194 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="3726F8C8F01EF04B3EA831318C45C51C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3641.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cdf2d056-74f2-4567-8aa3-f378a3ba5578" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="215638" ID-ZooBank="5B6FB515-7A55-4C05-AC71-4867C1F7318B" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460595449011" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kallies, Axel" docDate="2013" docId="F636879A9A12D310FF1BFA87A9A8FDE2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03641p259.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3641 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synechodes tamila Kallies, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="246" masterDocId="0A0FFFE29A11D315FF8CFFDAAC35FFBD" masterDocTitle="New and little known Brachodidae from tropical Asia and Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="259" masterPageNumber="241" pageNumber="244" updateTime="1698326746738" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="13222F6FA6CACF8AB040B5CE1D58E539">
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<mods:title id="1C79CFF43B9252C4ECB18C4DEF0E3955">New and little known Brachodidae from tropical Asia and Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="DF0571F11FB88B755DBBF24145514407" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0363B480745AC33D4813BDC6DF4BA274">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EB3BC50C3497CEE393A7DE3821B70778">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="50F0A842EB58E625CC052DE3C1293EDF">Kallies, Axel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C1000E37B4B5D08DE0616F81F4E76492">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1347FA70713453C6A1EDCDA6D3F3DFB4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6CC61CB1460FA2A1A23F4F9E62E97F3E">
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<mods:date id="E9BAFDB4CD6360330143FAD1FEBCA816">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="07BA45E33D188FEC565D21DBCA81EF89" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A1C2A5BD7A506367D3C2FA381A9055A8">3641</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="A7D7EB4D3D19564AD669CF9017940747" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="6B4974794DC8EE9A75176C805DC9E873">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="DA2DC19791618D06D1D84994397378B0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B81B9BA5D1D699A76A9EEF05476CD27A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3641.3.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A8F8BC90A3BA2C04BC21ADCA200F5A96" type="GBIF-Dataset">cdf2d056-74f2-4567-8aa3-f378a3ba5578</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="06A0304AE4570DD68C83327FF2571C19" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="85078EEA5F82E364C09D8E667D2062F8" type="Zenodo-Dep">215638</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="25E0211E32E9219F1C352C945B72DE33" type="ZooBank">5B6FB515-7A55-4C05-AC71-4867C1F7318B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="F636879A9A12D310FF1BFA87A9A8FDE2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6160871" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119566595" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6160871" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F636879A9A12D310FF1BFA87A9A8FDE2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F636879A9A12D310FF1BFA87A9A8FDE2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
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<subSubSection id="368565079A12D316FF1BFA87AF2AF9B9" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7E20368C9A12D316FF1BFA87ADE8FACA" blockId="3.[151,477,1373,1432]" box="[151,477,1373,1399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
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<heading id="256881E09A12D316FF1BFA87ADE8FACA" bold="true" box="[151,477,1373,1399]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A12D316FF1BFA87ADE8FACA" bold="true" box="[151,477,1373,1399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
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<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A12D316FF1BFA87AD4DFACA" box="[151,376,1373,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamila" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A12D316FF1BFA87AD4DFACA" bold="true" box="[151,376,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Synechodes tamila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="57D857E59A12D316FEF3FA87ADE8FACA" box="[383,477,1373,1399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E20368C9A12D316FF1BFA5AAD2CFA25" blockId="3.[151,477,1373,1432]" box="[151,281,1408,1432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
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(
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<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A12D316FF13FA5AACD2FA25" box="[159,231,1408,1432]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,221,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1715]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Brachodinae. Adults. 1. Synechodes polias sp. nov., male, holotype, Sulawesi (Indonesia), alar expanse 19.5 mm (BMNH). 2. Synechodes tamila sp. nov., male, holotype, India, alar expanse 23.5 mm (BMNH). Fig. 3. Synechodes andamanensis Kallies, 2004, male, Andaman Isl (India), alar expanse 15.5 mm (BMNH). 4. Saccocera orpheus (Kallies, 2004), holotype, male, Java (Indonesia), alar expanse 16.5 mm (RMNH). 5. S. orpheus, paratype, female, Java (Indonesia), alar expanse 24.0 mm (RMNH). 6. Saccocera panaras sp. nov., female, holotype, Papua New Guinea, alar expanse 22.5 mm (BMNH). 7. Saccocera miangkabau sp. nov., female, Sumatra (Indonesia), alar expanse 27.0 mm (CAK). 8. Miscera minahasa sp. nov., female, holotype, Sulawesi (Indonesia), alar expanse 13.8 mm (ANIC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215639/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A12D316FF7FFA5AAD25FA25" box="[243,272,1408,1432]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1214,1237]" captionTargetBox="[162,1367,216,1181]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1193]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 10. Brachodinae. Male genitalia. a. ventral view, phallus removed; b. juxta; c. phallus; d. terminal segments of abdomen. 9. Synechodes polias sp. nov., holotype, Gen. prep. AK 593 / BMNH 3161 (BMNH). 10. Synechodes tamila sp. nov., holotype, Gen. prep. AK 602 / BMNH 31615 (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215640/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">10</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E20368C9A12D316FF1BFA12AF2AF9B9" blockId="3.[151,1437,1480,1972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
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<typeStatus id="A124882E9A12D316FF1BFA12AD31FA5D" box="[151,260,1480,1504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: 3, “South
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<collectingCountry id="0688761C9A12D316FE15FA12ADE0FA5D" box="[409,469,1480,1504]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">India</collectingCountry>
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, Tamil Nadu, Tirunellvilly [Tirunelveli] Dist., Singhumputti Hills,
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<quantity id="B9679B699A12D316FB75FA12A961FA5D" box="[1273,1364,1480,1504]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28016" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" unit="ft" value="4200.0">4200 ft</quantity>
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., 21.–
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<date id="0A21104C9A12D316FF1BFA36AD3CF9B9" box="[151,265,1516,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" value="1972-04-24">24.4.1972</date>
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, C.J.H. Pruett / Brit. Mus. 1975.590” (BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="368565079A12D316FF4BF9CAA914F995" box="[199,1313,1552,1576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="7E20368C9A12D316FF4BF9CAA914F995" blockId="3.[151,1437,1480,1972]" box="[199,1313,1552,1576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
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<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A12D316FF4BF9CAAD73F995" bold="true" box="[199,326,1552,1576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Etymology</emphasis>
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. This species is dedicated to the Tamil people of southern
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<collectingCountry id="0688761C9A12D316FC5AF9CAA825F995" box="[982,1040,1552,1576]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">India</collectingCountry>
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and northern
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<collectingCountry id="0688761C9A12D316FB20F9CAA928F995" box="[1196,1309,1552,1576]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="368565079A12D316FF4BF9EEAFB9F809" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7E20368C9A12D316FF4BF9EEAE4DF8BD" blockId="3.[151,1437,1480,1972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
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<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A12D316FF4BF9EEAE5AF9F0" bold="true" box="[199,623,1588,1613]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
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Description (
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<typeStatus id="A124882E9A12D316FED3F9EEADFCF9F0" box="[351,457,1588,1613]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, male,
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<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A12D316FD90F9EEAE55F9F0" box="[540,608,1588,1613]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,221,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1715]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Brachodinae. Adults. 1. Synechodes polias sp. nov., male, holotype, Sulawesi (Indonesia), alar expanse 19.5 mm (BMNH). 2. Synechodes tamila sp. nov., male, holotype, India, alar expanse 23.5 mm (BMNH). Fig. 3. Synechodes andamanensis Kallies, 2004, male, Andaman Isl (India), alar expanse 15.5 mm (BMNH). 4. Saccocera orpheus (Kallies, 2004), holotype, male, Java (Indonesia), alar expanse 16.5 mm (RMNH). 5. S. orpheus, paratype, female, Java (Indonesia), alar expanse 24.0 mm (RMNH). 6. Saccocera panaras sp. nov., female, holotype, Papua New Guinea, alar expanse 22.5 mm (BMNH). 7. Saccocera miangkabau sp. nov., female, Sumatra (Indonesia), alar expanse 27.0 mm (CAK). 8. Miscera minahasa sp. nov., female, holotype, Sulawesi (Indonesia), alar expanse 13.8 mm (ANIC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215639/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Alar expanse
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<quantity id="B9679B699A12D316FC81F9EEAF46F9F1" box="[781,883,1588,1612]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="23.5">23.5 mm</quantity>
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, body
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<quantity id="B9679B699A12D316FC30F9EEA817F9F1" box="[956,1058,1588,1612]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
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. Head: black to brown, with some yellow scales (antenna broken off in
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<typeStatus id="A124882E9A12D316FDCFF983AE46F9CC" box="[579,627,1625,1649]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">type</typeStatus>
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specimen). Thorax: dark brown. Forewing: dark brown to black, with scattered individual light grey scales, with small diffuse patch of yellow scales at end of cell. Hindwing: black, with large deep yellow subbasal area, divided by black streak in posterior section; fringe yellow, black towards apex and anal area. Abdomen: black, tergites 1 and 4–7 with yellow posterior margins, sternites 2–7 with yellow margins, ventral base of anal plate with yellow spot.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E20368C9A12D316FF4BF8D6AFB9F809" blockId="3.[151,1437,1480,1972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
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<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A12D316FF4BF8D6AD09F898" bold="true" box="[199,316,1804,1829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Genitalia.</emphasis>
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Male (Gen. prep. AK602 / BMNH31615,
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<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A12D316FCA0F8D6AFB4F899" box="[812,897,1804,1828]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1214,1237]" captionTargetBox="[162,1367,216,1181]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1193]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 10. Brachodinae. Male genitalia. a. ventral view, phallus removed; b. juxta; c. phallus; d. terminal segments of abdomen. 9. Synechodes polias sp. nov., holotype, Gen. prep. AK 593 / BMNH 3161 (BMNH). 10. Synechodes tamila sp. nov., holotype, Gen. prep. AK 602 / BMNH 31615 (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215640/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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). Valva relatively narrow, uncus wide, gnathos fish-hook-like, vinculum relatively wide and rounded apically (
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<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A12D316FCEEF8EAAF80F8F5" box="[866,949,1840,1864]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1214,1237]" captionTargetBox="[162,1367,216,1181]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1193]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 10. Brachodinae. Male genitalia. a. ventral view, phallus removed; b. juxta; c. phallus; d. terminal segments of abdomen. 9. Synechodes polias sp. nov., holotype, Gen. prep. AK 593 / BMNH 3161 (BMNH). 10. Synechodes tamila sp. nov., holotype, Gen. prep. AK 602 / BMNH 31615 (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215640/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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a); phallus tapering towards apex, with low ridge subapically and distinct pointed process close to apex (
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<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A12D316FCD6F88EAF9AF8D1" box="[858,943,1876,1900]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1214,1237]" captionTargetBox="[162,1367,216,1181]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1193]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 10. Brachodinae. Male genitalia. a. ventral view, phallus removed; b. juxta; c. phallus; d. terminal segments of abdomen. 9. Synechodes polias sp. nov., holotype, Gen. prep. AK 593 / BMNH 3161 (BMNH). 10. Synechodes tamila sp. nov., holotype, Gen. prep. AK 602 / BMNH 31615 (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215640/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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c); juxta with pronounced lateral processes (
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<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A12D316FF13F8A2ACC7F82D" box="[159,242,1912,1936]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1214,1237]" captionTargetBox="[162,1367,216,1181]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1193]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 10. Brachodinae. Male genitalia. a. ventral view, phallus removed; b. juxta; c. phallus; d. terminal segments of abdomen. 9. Synechodes polias sp. nov., holotype, Gen. prep. AK 593 / BMNH 3161 (BMNH). 10. Synechodes tamila sp. nov., holotype, Gen. prep. AK 602 / BMNH 31615 (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215640/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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b). Apical abdominal sternite with two small asymmetrical processes at distal edge and distinct two-lobed plate reaching below subapical sternite at proximal edge (
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<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A12D316FC91F846AF5AF809" box="[797,879,1948,1972]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1214,1237]" captionTargetBox="[162,1367,216,1181]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1193]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 10. Brachodinae. Male genitalia. a. ventral view, phallus removed; b. juxta; c. phallus; d. terminal segments of abdomen. 9. Synechodes polias sp. nov., holotype, Gen. prep. AK 593 / BMNH 3161 (BMNH). 10. Synechodes tamila sp. nov., holotype, Gen. prep. AK 602 / BMNH 31615 (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215640/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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d).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="2AE066049A15D311FF1BF88CAF86F855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215641/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" targetBox="[218,1374,200,1849]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="7E20368C9A15D311FF1BF88CAF86F855" blockId="4.[151,1436,1878,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A15D311FF1BF88CAF55F8D1" bold="true" box="[151,864,1878,1901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">FIGURES 11–14. Brachodinae. Male and female genitalia. 11–12.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A15D311FCEBF88DA8F9F8D0" authority="Kallies, 2004" authorityName="Kallies" authorityYear="2004" box="[871,1228,1878,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Saccocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orpheus">
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<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A15D311FCEBF88DA81CF8D0" box="[871,1065,1879,1901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Saccocera orpheus</emphasis>
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(Kallies, 2004)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A15D311FB5BF88DA8C2F8D1" bold="true" box="[1239,1271,1879,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">11.</emphasis>
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male, holotype, Gen. prep. AK238 (arrow indicates gnathos) (RMNH).
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<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A15D311FD50F8AFAEC9F837" bold="true" box="[732,764,1909,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">12.</emphasis>
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female, paratype, Gen. prep. AK40 (arrow indicates position of pouch-like structure at the ovipositior) (RMNH).
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<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A15D311FD26F84EAEFCF814" bold="true" box="[682,713,1940,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">13.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A15D311FD59F84EA847F817" authority="Meyrick, 1930" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1930" box="[725,1138,1940,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agrippina">
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<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A15D311FD59F84EAF8FF817" box="[725,954,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Synechodes agrippina</emphasis>
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(Meyrick, 1930)
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</taxonomicName>
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, male, Gen. prep. AK129 / BM29206 (arrow indicates gnathos) (BMNH).
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<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A15D311FD09F869AE90F875" bold="true" box="[645,677,1971,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A15D311FD22F869A860F875" authority="Kallies, 2004" authorityName="Kallies" authorityYear="2004" box="[686,1109,1970,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A15D311FD22F869AF8AF874" box="[686,959,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Synechodes andamanensis</emphasis>
|
||
Kallies, 2004
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype, Gen. prep. AK147 / BM29208 (arrow indicates ovipositior without pouch-like structure) (BMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="368565079A14D310FF4BFF4DA83DFF4A" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E20368C9A14D310FF4BFF4DA83DFF4A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FF4BFF4DAD74FF0D" bold="true" box="[199,321,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FDE0FF42A825FF12" authority="Kallies, 2000" authorityName="Kallies" authorityYear="2000" box="[620,1040,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FDE0FF42AF5BFF0D" box="[620,878,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Synechodes sumatrana</emphasis>
|
||
Kallies, 2000
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, it lacks the large yellow patch below the centre of the forewing. The two species also differ in their genitalia: in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FB0FFF67A922FF69" box="[1155,1303,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FB0FFF67A922FF69" box="[1155,1303,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">S. sumatrana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the phallus has three apical thorns (one in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FE62FF3AAE67FF45" box="[494,594,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamila">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FE62FF3AAE67FF45" box="[494,594,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">S. tamila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the valva is narrower and longer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="368565079A14D310FF4BFEDEA9A8FDE2" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E20368C9A14D310FF4BFEDEA9A8FDE2" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FF4BFEDEAD0EFEA1" bold="true" box="[199,315,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FD89FEDFAEAFFEA1" box="[517,666,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FD89FEDFAEAFFEA1" box="[517,666,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">S. sumatrana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are different from typical representatives of the genus. Both show a highly specialized structure of sternite 7 including asymmetrical distal extensions and a distinct proximal, twolobed plate that reaches below the subapical sternite. They further display some unusual structures of the phallus, including a short coecum penis and apical thorn-like process(es). Both species appear to lack the conspicuous bicolored scales (typically dark with a light tip) on their forewings seen in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FB35FE4EA909FE11" box="[1209,1340,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FB35FE4EA909FE11" box="[1209,1340,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Synechodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; instead they have dark wings with scattered individual light scales throughout. A modified terminal segment is also present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FF3AFE06AE6CFE49" authority="Kallies, 2004" authorityName="Kallies" authorityYear="2004" box="[182,601,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotanicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FF3AFE06AD83FE49" box="[182,438,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Synechodes rotanicola</emphasis>
|
||
Kallies, 2004
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and specialized phallus morphology is seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FB0EFE06AD04FDAA" authority="Kallies, 1998" authorityName="Kallies" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megaloptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FB0EFE06A9A8FE49" box="[1154,1437,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Synechodes megaloptera</emphasis>
|
||
Kallies, 1998
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FEB3FDDAAEF4FDAA" authority="Kallies, 1998" authorityName="Kallies" authorityYear="1998" box="[319,705,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruboris">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FEB3FDDAAE28FDA5" box="[319,541,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Synechodes ruboris</emphasis>
|
||
Kallies, 1998
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FC8CFDDAA8B3FDAA" authority="Kallies, 1998" authorityName="Kallies" authorityYear="1998" box="[768,1158,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FC8CFDDAAFD4FDA5" box="[768,993,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Synechodes fulvoris</emphasis>
|
||
Kallies, 1998
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is possible that these five species represent a genus distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FD05FDFEAF39FD81" box="[649,780,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FD05FDFEAF39FD81" box="[649,780,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Synechodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, due to the morphological diversity observed in this species group and the lack of clearly definable autapomorphic characters, proposing a new genus is premature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |