612 lines
78 KiB
XML
612 lines
78 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7D17913C99DC8983FF99B992A5614977">Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 2: Revision of the A. apicalis group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B6BCC5C909846E8BF8840A0DCA226679">van Achterberg, Cornelis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="428192E2875E713161EBE13482C8D090">Shaw, Mark R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CD8115E636E751ED8514DFBF1BC65D48">Quicke, Donald L. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F5023F46D9D78AC26431934363920156">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2C0D392ECA1368CB2F0F2549CC868C6C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="B4D95A8E9C0E5DBD3678179C5F95E296">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.919.39642</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="DD839D35BF75BD8D44B0392119B422AB" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.919.39642</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F561F7BF1CC55CBCB33CE3BA444A17B9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162628956" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F561F7BF1CC55CBCB33CE3BA444A17B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F561F7BF1CC55CBCB33CE3BA444A17B9" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Braconidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<subSubSection id="1E776841D2A7E11DFEE7A0DEC70B1013" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="031EBB657494FFF499C5B5C2C3AA3DC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="286005AC140BB4C052FDFE9CED04DB90" ID-CoL="BMK7" LSID="F561F7BF-1CC5-5CBC-B33C-E3BA444A17B9" authority="(Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes ruficornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
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Aleiodes ruficornis (
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<normalizedToken id="BBDF314CF05D2B1D76790675A3B9982E" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
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, 1838)
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="F46614AE1616484E4E63EAEC7B9007E3" captionStart="Figures 667–669" captionStartId="F98" captionText="Figures 667 - 669. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 667 habitus lateral 668 ovipositor sheath lateral 669 mummy of Hoplodrina blanda (Denis & Schiffermueller)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures667-669" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390142" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 667-669</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="F1FAC763472E3EFD44FAF1668A6AA843" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 670-681</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="08FC4871AE04F1E0D667B6F2DEB2BB9B" captionStart="Figures 682–685" captionStartId="F100" captionText="Figures 682 - 685. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♂, U. K. (culture) 682 habitus lateral 683 apex of antenna 684 base of antenna 685 mummy of Hoplodrina octogenaria (Goeze)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures682-685" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390144" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 682-685</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="FF7CB4A161723D5A8FE43EAFAFF63B41" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="F8E8755B0D9268F133F1107B260916D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="27A841D9B6E7CFFBC751F2CD52F14437" authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas ruficornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">Rogas ruficornis</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="5040A6686333DB770DDFB2824AF9379F" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
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, 1838: 156, fig.;
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<bibRefCitation id="E67E56C418BA1A31D50AFEE9E37C4ACF" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1115 - 1262" refId="B121" refString="Shenefelt, RD, 1975. Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae. Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) 12: 1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 1224 (as synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="FF60A448E60D885F1C21342D52164090" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. dimidiatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">A. dimidiatus</taxonomicName>
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) [neotype designated below].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="28AA44017ECAC3C8FB0D343B041E21BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="FFE5408DAE3356304675A4A910510A50" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes (Neorhogas) ruficornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis" subGenus="Neorhogas">Aleiodes (Neorhogas) ruficornis</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="097F3C864A2DB1BF3A6B42E5399DEE09" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="143 - 164" refId="B83" refString="Papp, J, 1985a. Contributions to the Braconid fauna of Hungary, VII. Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 46: 143 - 164" title="Contributions to the Braconid fauna of Hungary, VII. Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="46" year="1985 a">Papp 1985a</bibRefCitation>
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: 152 (as synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="D8BBF1FD6A23775DDFEEA1D2769770D9" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. dimidiatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">A. dimidiatus</taxonomicName>
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), 1991a: 90 (id.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="902311F5D54BE5594FFD79089654E8B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FD612C0A53408A350642B1F69AD844C" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) ruficornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis" subGenus="Chelonorhogas">Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) ruficornis</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="AF0E6ADB1E1C3056400496166DC741D3" author="Belokobylskij, SA" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="341 - 435" refId="B10" refString="Belokobylskij, SA, Taeger, A, van Achterberg, C, Haeselbarth, E, Riedel, M, 2003. Checklist of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Germany. Beitraege zur Entomologie 53 (2): 341 - 435" title="Checklist of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Germany." volume="53" year="2003">Belokobylskij et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 398;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="05E84C169F04CD3A3D1EAA73F2ED6F9C" author="van Achterberg, C" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="191 - 213" refId="B145" refString="van Achterberg, C, 2014. Notes on the checklist of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Switzerland. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 87: 191 - 213" title="Notes on the checklist of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Switzerland." volume="87" year="2014">van Achterberg 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 209;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D565BF8A658BDEAE6B5AC38B856B1C68" author="Abdolalizadeh, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="33 - 40" refId="B1" refString="Abdolalizadeh, F, Madjdzadeh, SM, Farahani, S, Askari Hesni, M, 2017. A survey of braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae, Homolobinae, Macrocentrinae, Rogadinae) in Kerman province, southeastern Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 3 (1): 33 - 40" title="A survey of braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae, Homolobinae, Macrocentrinae, Rogadinae) in Kerman province, southeastern Iran." volume="3" year="2017">Abdolalizadeh et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 37.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2EC9820006F88CEB9EF83635214AA47E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCF05C129B83D1B79934FBBA65614902" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes ruficornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">Aleiodes ruficornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="32979086C599C2A3FAC5252A93B296DF" author="Bergamasco, P" journalOrPublisher="Checklist della Specie della Fauna Italiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="2 - 29" refId="B13" refString="Bergamasco, P, Pennacchio, F, Scaramozzino, PL, Tremblay, E, 1995. Hymenoptera Braconidae. Checklist della Specie della Fauna Italiana 95: 2 - 29" title="Hymenoptera Braconidae." volume="95" year="1995">Bergamasco et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 5;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="2E08E352748F9EEC0911C5BBAB1EBADF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-3256.2004.00144.x" author="Zaldivar-Riveron, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="223 - 237" refId="B152" refString="Zaldivar-Riveron, A, Butcher, BA, Shaw, MR, Quicke, DLJ, 2004. Comparative morphology of the venom apparatus in the braconid wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and related taxa. Zoologica Scripta 33 (3): 223 - 237, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-3256.2004.00144.x" title="Comparative morphology of the venom apparatus in the braconid wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and related taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-3256.2004.00144.x" volume="33" year="2004">
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||
<normalizedToken id="E48F144D8C71875165AA6FB6B6B93045" originalValue="Zaldívar-Riverón">Zaldivar-Riveron</normalizedToken>
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||
et al. 2004
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 234;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="29AC7679B5053F83567E45092789F5B4" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B97" refString="Papp, J, 2005. A checklist of the Braconidae of Hungary (Hymenoptera). Folia Entomologica Hungarica.66: 137-194." title="A checklist of the Braconidae of Hungary (Hymenoptera). Folia Entomologica Hungarica. 66: 137 - 194." year="2005">Papp 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 176 (as synonym of
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||
<taxonomicName id="E9B901FD5FD7C6D498BE23DA48D31A0D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. dimidiatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">A. dimidiatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="FCECB030BF5CAD3EBC61BBEA0E3135EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E143BC70F64CAE1DDF0EDA609D3F749" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes brevicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">Aleiodes brevicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wesmael, 1838: 98;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="96DDE5E09C28C1DE5F40ECC0EF9A1346" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1115 - 1262" refId="B121" refString="Shenefelt, RD, 1975. Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae. Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) 12: 1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1224;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D824B34F08177326F1111CCA48FE0984" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="143 - 164" refId="B83" refString="Papp, J, 1985a. Contributions to the Braconid fauna of Hungary, VII. Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 46: 143 - 164" title="Contributions to the Braconid fauna of Hungary, VII. Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="46" year="1985 a">Papp 1985a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 152, 157 (as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1ECFD6822F354F002E33E659DFB38D5A" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. dimidiatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">A. dimidiatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 2005: 176 (id.);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DAE3E6F46A67330E729849BB05657C5F" author="Belokobylskij, SA" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="341 - 435" refId="B10" refString="Belokobylskij, SA, Taeger, A, van Achterberg, C, Haeselbarth, E, Riedel, M, 2003. Checklist of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Germany. Beitraege zur Entomologie 53 (2): 341 - 435" title="Checklist of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Germany." volume="53" year="2003">Belokobylskij et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1477BAB0D148F78F2F49E6D25222E22" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. ruficornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">A. ruficornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) [examined].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="720860BA80D02889EF41BCA7431751A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6AA9C0629B1DE70C750258E255F0E7E0" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes (Neorhogas) brevicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis" subGenus="Neorhogas">Aleiodes (Neorhogas) brevicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EA6E29270F280122BDA5E0CC610754F0" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Magyarorszag Allatvilaga [Fauna Hungariae]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 122" refId="B88" refString="Papp, J, 1991a. Parasitic wasps of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Braconidae. 18. Doryctinae. 19. Rogadinae. Magyarorszag Allatvilaga [Fauna Hungariae] 167: 1 - 122" title="Parasitic wasps of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Braconidae. 18. Doryctinae. 19. Rogadinae." volume="167" year="1991 a">Papp 1991a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 90 (as synonym of
|
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<taxonomicName id="686DFC44510617F693F8BE6DCA436794" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. dimidiatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">A. dimidiatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6460EC35EACB1F11E0E453D9AD344F43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BDF45C2EDE987E1158C3EA647C4F05D" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigripalpis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripalpis">Aleiodes nigripalpis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wesmael, 1838: 97;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="09C4845F91972ACEDF54C14E98FD3C33" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1115 - 1262" refId="B121" refString="Shenefelt, RD, 1975. Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae. Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) 12: 1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1224;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="626BC0AEC4D3D87EF6F5DA9CA4837307" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="143 - 164" refId="B83" refString="Papp, J, 1985a. Contributions to the Braconid fauna of Hungary, VII. Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 46: 143 - 164" title="Contributions to the Braconid fauna of Hungary, VII. Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="46" year="1985 a">Papp 1985a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 152, 157 (lectotype designation; as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D34CF7D3BB49C07ACE1C6357CEEBF4F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. dimidiatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">A. dimidiatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 1991a: 90, 2005: 176 (id.);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AE32026E2EDE878D9577FBD58729B1E7" author="Belokobylskij, SA" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="341 - 435" refId="B10" refString="Belokobylskij, SA, Taeger, A, van Achterberg, C, Haeselbarth, E, Riedel, M, 2003. Checklist of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Germany. Beitraege zur Entomologie 53 (2): 341 - 435" title="Checklist of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Germany." volume="53" year="2003">Belokobylskij et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCF61EB592F98CDF72F6EF0F2480AAE7" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. ruficornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">A. ruficornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) [examined].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="367B2DECBB648E27B670A018CC897077" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA2C603FF42DAFE233DA8269D212B362" authority="nigrobasalis" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas dimidiatus subsp. ab." order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dimidiatus" subSpecies="ab.">Rhogas dimidiatus ab. nigrobasalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E3C0D514229BECA9A06C7CF2F30ACADA" originalValue="Hellén">Hellen</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1927: 24 (invalid name).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E72F3C57163DA3D4BAD4EE8D08715E2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="087B8733C96C63FDF3B7B4CC20E58E78" authority="ruficollis" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas dimidiatus subsp. ab." order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dimidiatus" subSpecies="ab.">Rhogas dimidiatus ab. ruficollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="231B1A5C8FA67C637DE30A9DE9FDF1BA" originalValue="Hellén">Hellen</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1927: 24 (invalid name).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EACF3C097E69EC426B26356F6F280A18" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A71D5A46F66D4073896A6496AC33679" authority="giraudi" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas carbonarius subsp. ab." order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="carbonarius" subSpecies="ab.">Rhogas carbonarius ab. giraudi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fahringer, 1931: 236 [unavailable name for melanistic males].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB07621EE66F803FC7D7E368250A91E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60D1E06E0C30F17CEEF545F3C30E0ED4" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas carbonarius subsp. var. var. giraudi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="carbonarius" subSpecies="var." variety="giraudi">Rhogas carbonarius var. giraudi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Telenga, 1941: 168. Syn. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C366A9A1362333B7ED2C7A6252915ED2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7F506A3BF65ED3CA8DC08D926FFFB8B1" authority="infuscatus" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas dimidiatus subsp. ab." order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dimidiatus" subSpecies="ab.">Rogas dimidiatus ab. infuscatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C990645A1E04046E04C0127683714DC9" originalValue="Hellén">Hellen</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1957: 49 (invalid name).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA6E5438A0CA3FDAD492BD0AA24FF08A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B1A5808A14E413895EDCA5B82A622CD" authority="nigripes" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas dimidiatus subsp. ab." order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dimidiatus" subSpecies="ab.">Rogas dimidiatus ab. nigripes</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B5FBD35955C438761E1F19290CF560CB" originalValue="Hellén">Hellen</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1957: 49 (invalid name).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B77AE918D6355F236C067ADDD51DD3D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCA328704EDA823396B550AC9792A5EF" baseAuthorityName="Tobias" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes (Aleiodes) arnoldii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnoldii" subGenus="Aleiodes">Aleiodes (Aleiodes) arnoldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B73C4CC9ADA5B96424F0F8B67A44EACE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.2" author="Farahani, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 250" refId="B41" refString="Farahani, S, Talebi, AA, van Achterberg, C, Rakhshani, E, 2015. A review of the subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Iran. Zootaxa 3973 (2): 227 - 250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.2" title="A review of the subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Iran." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.2" volume="3973" year="2015">Farahani et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 232-233 (but see note under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C7DBD40BDCADE43CA8DB5A90B7D789C" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. arnoldii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnoldii">A. arnoldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E65F762B67A72449ED668893F9FB1F11" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="185E497653BB5F0D1D4CBE7510706EAE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas gasterator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gasterator">Rogas gasterator</taxonomicName>
|
||
auctt. p.p.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD7862AB0A187FE6376DEABBCCF047E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7DDC4BC1DFF30AB90902E98443CEE09" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas dimidiatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">Rogas dimidiatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
auctt. p.p.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4FE05E84D007F387B4FFEEBC682ACAEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph id="F84A067636FA79A28478110BC8172BAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C9303E1B9BB253746EF3D2E58BF517AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="087DE3808B1E43F13B0A3CBF79D762B6" lsidName="A. ruficornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="997D51899D11D9FAD80C78190E379138" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
here designated, ♀ (NMS), "[
|
||
<emphasis id="C10E121C381D03169670C4111704FF0C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Germany</emphasis>
|
||
,] Einbeck, L. 31.v.[19]85, [R. Hinz]", "ex:
|
||
<emphasis id="6E7291527154879666B5320698A8A3D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoplodrina blanda</emphasis>
|
||
Schiff. (Lep.)". Holotype of
|
||
<emphasis id="322E94F663639B40C474BBE3788D9521" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||
, ♀ (KBIN), "
|
||
<emphasis id="D7A26717C640BF79C575EAF10354BCD8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||
♀ mihi. 3.", "Coll. Wesmael", "
|
||
<emphasis id="D9C556836843C4147ED21A9B6EB1FFCB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||
mihi,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D9635EF5B4333C0A84B49D8D24CD8C50" originalValue="dét">det</normalizedToken>
|
||
. C. Wesmael", "
|
||
<emphasis id="C6C7FEFF4FADDBC5AFA92671A828936C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Belgique</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A539A04D78962C11C568DFDA95AA151F" originalValue="Liège">Liege</normalizedToken>
|
||
, leg. Robert/ teste Papp J., 1983", "Holotypus
|
||
<emphasis id="94018B86763F4ADE012406A8F21C9402" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aleiodes brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||
Wesm., 1838 ♀, det. Papp, 1983", "
|
||
<emphasis id="5018FB2457D88EBBFE6C0BEDDDE1EEDE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aleiodes dimidiatus</emphasis>
|
||
Spin. ♀, det. Papp J., 1983". Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5313E53DA1EF9ADD67619B037219CE55" lsidName="A. nigripalpis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigripalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48E235EF24A789EEE440186AA9DD474" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. nigripalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂ (KBIN), "
|
||
<emphasis id="29EF0E321AD143B89FA3E88965264776" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. nigripalpis</emphasis>
|
||
♂ mihi. 2.", "Coll. Wesmael", "
|
||
<emphasis id="ED2521D30F5F937F256FD15AF4CCC18C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. nigripalpis</emphasis>
|
||
mihi,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A0E03A53B7A8D3925D2987C5CF866CDB" originalValue="dét">det</normalizedToken>
|
||
. C. Wesmael", "Belgique,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="50B0DB956D6359AFC199644E5079DD2C" originalValue="Liège">Liege</normalizedToken>
|
||
/ teste Papp J., 1983", "Lectotypus
|
||
<emphasis id="209ABAC3478281B451131BD9D01031D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aleiodes nigripalpis</emphasis>
|
||
Wesm., 1838 ♂, det. Papp, 1983", "
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3DB8B57FD7A1E226C81E80F3441BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aleiodes dimidiatus</emphasis>
|
||
Spin. ♂, det. Papp J., 1983". The neotype designation for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFB11400CC7BC0BE20C84C3EE67C7377" lsidName="A. ruficornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4F6C3787B2C6FBB88DA6638457C625BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is necessary for nomenclatural stability, because the types of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9F3FE0FE8E7F734A1E8ADC88A2BA8CD" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0B446D53ADA306B13A6DED973331DF5A" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
|
||
are lost (Horn and Kahle 1935-37; the first author could not find any specimen in ZMB) and the species has been confused with similar species in the past. The specimen is selected because it fits well the original description, the probable type location was in Germany, it has been reared and it is in good condition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="352827BC4C5537E3C0D3160ABF35274D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F0178B0837374C6D31825913945F9DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD4AEAC160343AF6B0ECF651165351C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Andorra, Austria, British Isles (England (V.C. 5, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29, 31, 33, 38, 39, 60, 63); Wales (V.C. 52) [no specimens seen from Scotland]), Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy (including Sicily), Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands (DR: Borger; LI: Venlo, ZH: Oostkapelle), North Macedonia, Norway, Romania, Russia (including Far East), Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, [Afghanistan, Dagestan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan]. Specimens in ALC, ZJUH, BZL, FMNH, MMUM, MRC, MSC, MSNV, MTMA, NMS, NRS, OUM, RMNH, SDEI, UNS, UWIM, ZISP, ZSSM. This is a widespread species, generally common, but partly replaced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="900C1F8FE8303B51E0924EAD6461739C" lsidName="A. gasterator" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gasterator">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C72B6A857255BD85AD2C2770E65DB0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gasterator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Mediterranean region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4478CA5B455125E03DF34B9BCCCE9E7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="molecular data">
|
||
<paragraph id="6D0A21996736988A47A9C4F1D2C839A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molecular data.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DF5EFB2985490CD7160995FB9BFFADDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">MRS140 (UK), MRS877 (Sweden), MRS888 (UK), MRS890 (UK), MRS891 (UK).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7F1845BB4D96D019AB274922AB0DB98C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8CED81D6CADCD446D4D094E78445C5DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6FB982AD5D3E386A9CE6B0B804F05CA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Specimens collected from April-September; probably plurivoltine in the southern part of its range but in Britain univoltine, flying from June-August with a varied means of overwintering (see below). Reared from the noctuids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFF90492DF557D90E85D20214E0FC279" baseAuthorityName="Hufnagel" baseAuthorityYear="1766" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Agrotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agrotis clavis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavis">
|
||
<emphasis id="58D604CFC4D51BD3A82B17D16BDAEC18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Agrotis clavis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hufnagel) (4 [4 ZISP]/ Russia),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8850F1F2F98B2E5AD769A6581AEA52A3" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Agrotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agrotis segetum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="segetum">
|
||
<emphasis id="400BEE4D9AC5E8A3FD3016DFEF96FAFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Agrotis segetum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Dennis &
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EE55FEF1E1C823021035CAC0EC23187A" originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (1 [FMNH]/Finland),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44400B3F44BB42702F01C00F63AF9A6C" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Agrotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agrotis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5475A1C0ADEBD1203749F83E6DDEDA6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Agrotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (3),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3CA6C76EAA36CEAF01440DDEFC94F7A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1761" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Euxoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euxoa nigricans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3AB9187AD539B7C0D53FB7DD252FE00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Euxoa nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus) (1 [FMNH]/Finland),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E928FFD6EF10BE22E066827FF6B42E43" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Euxoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euxoa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02DC12F684B472ED13FDD6CC4A8071DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Euxoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (3:1 [3 FMNH/Finland],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="704F2B8F2F8AC47C341E97206CA8F51D" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hoplodrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplodrina blanda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blanda">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EB52ADF6DBB1E24D9EFA7A388D08853" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoplodrina blanda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Dennis &
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C8E01DF3C333F144957FB54321F1BFF3" originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (4:1, Germany; R. Hinz),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F4183609635F3022F3450800292021B" baseAuthorityName="Goeze" baseAuthorityYear="1781" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hoplodrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplodrina octogenaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octogenaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A17387377644164CFF6FC5DA05A013" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoplodrina octogenaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Goeze) (1; W.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B23CA01A15958F3C66EA0844547FAD60" genus="A." lsidName="A." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">A.</taxonomicName>
|
||
Watson),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFAC31F9A584C91459437931F6328F43" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mythimna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mythimna impura" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impura">
|
||
<emphasis id="703907C42F385F7BBAA87CA7FA265999" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mythimna impura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2B6780FEE521B273F6BE05589FC96162" originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (1 [ZSSM]/Germany; E. Haeselbarth). A further mummy from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="528F439D2042833E2E980A8F26325123" lsidName="H. blanda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="blanda">
|
||
<emphasis id="43D0146A4725CDB6FA5BB3C8FD0E2478" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. blanda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
failed to emerge (M.R. Shaw), but was no doubt of this species. The above hosts belong to three different subfamilies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4EE032E991F0A79F209C1A70F2BB9C9C" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all feeding and resting close to ground level. In addition, we have seen a specimen labelled as ex the nymphalid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="833B61050770835EFFB3CCFE51BE9E16" authorityName="Rottemburg" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brenthis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brenthis ino" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ino">
|
||
<emphasis id="DBE53CCCC15E1571B1EF20846B476A4E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brenthis ino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rottemburg) but accompanied by a mummy of a noctuid, probably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="678795AC4F46ED60A63890A8B9E82AB1" authorityName="Boursin" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hoplodrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplodrina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="693C2635A15D3EB0A94A4FC6396563BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoplodrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (det. M.R. Shaw). In experiments a range of hosts recorded for this species in the literature (several arctiine and lymantriine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66FF6C5D5E20C85A83DE9E089646D95E" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the lasiocampid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F24E4B47AB6967D03583016F7321BF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Lasiocampidae" genus="Lasiocampa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lasiocampa quercus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F12419DD5712EBA9958BC6289A30AF5A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lasiocampa quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus)) that are actually hosts of superficially similar species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B5C04D878C70C8C7B0C4FA8B9DEA329" lsidName="A. alternator" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="alternator">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1F92AE452F3E94E752ACD7B848BF728" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. alternator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nees) were offered to the female reared ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A7A0804292B3F1C2B3FB9447C733CEA" lsidName="H. octogenaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="octogenaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF975E3D00832120B0267EC70C755DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. octogenaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but, as expected, they were firmly rejected. However, this female readily accepted late 1st instar larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4BAFE6E57674277F918473B7BCE6E76" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Agrotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agrotis exclamationis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B008D97AB26DB1D42AFDB1DA602DAC80" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Agrotis exclamationis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus), from which adult progeny resulted very smoothly (1:16\13\\12\12+0. The few failures to oviposit were almost certainly due to egg depletion). Searching in the vicinity of hosts included antennal drumming (the tips curled downwards) and indeed the antennae seemed to be the only proximal means of locating and assessing the host. Once the host was found it was immediately accepted, rapidly jabbed and stood over or often withdrawn from (1.0-1.5 cm) while the venom took affect (20-40 secs), then relocated via antennal searching (when it had been withdrawn from this might take up to a minute, but it was always eventually successful) scooped in with the fore legs (the antennae only slightly involved), positioned and held between the mid legs for the duration of oviposition (20-30 secs). Frequently the host larva was kicked free of the ovipositor by the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0C7BA56AA7715BC472F372D399BA6F32" originalValue="parasitoid’s">parasitoid's</normalizedToken>
|
||
hind leg(s) and the parasitoid rapidly left without any period of post-oviposition association. Recovery from the venom was rather protracted (up to 20 mins), during which time hosts were rejected if rediscovered. Towards the end of successful oviposition runs it was evident that venom depletion ran ahead of egg depletion, resulting in erratic (but nevertheless successful) oviposition sequences. No host feeding took place. In this experimental series oviposition took place in mid-July with mummification at the end of August and adult emergence in late May of the following year. However, although the winter was passed in the mummy in this entire series (and probably also the case for the other, natural,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80E79B610C89D8D2AF9327E02106EA21" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Agrotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agrotis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DE9A066B836550633872577D6131EDD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Agrotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hosts), it is clear that the rearings from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F126B52401668A19971F2689A579FA2C" authorityName="Boursin" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hoplodrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplodrina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="98E11C6C13B3141384FD4BC9B62124BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoplodrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and probably also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A1F02619642328143D6312DC7950CD0B" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mythimna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mythimna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24041D1866F6D0C59FEA34490CCAFA3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mythimna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
involved overwintering in the host larva with adult emergence in the year of mummification. This host-related difference in overwintering is not inconsistent with univoltinism in Britain (where the experiments and other observations were done) but it is certainly an interesting quirk of its host range and might be of significance in suggesting one way in which a temporal isolating mechanism could potentially arise as a forerunner to speciation (cf. Shaw, 2003). The mummy is formed in the soil and is not strongly (if at all) glued to the substrate. It is predominantly dark brown in colour, very large in relation to the size of the insect that will emerge and, although basically cylindrical, somewhat flattened in appearance owing to a pronounced but blunt lateral keel (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A71B11C45888FEAB5180122A9606C160" captionStart="Figures 667–669" captionStartId="F98" captionText="Figures 667 - 669. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 667 habitus lateral 668 ovipositor sheath lateral 669 mummy of Hoplodrina blanda (Denis & Schiffermueller)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures667-669" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390142" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">669</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is more or less strongly contracted at the anterior end, markedly less so caudally, and the copiously silken lining typically occupies 3rd-8th abdominal segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F8E5D2AD294D16A4C292FC82447E8AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="93E37CA83D5B33909C087E4B8D29B26B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A94495911AA0DD6831EDF5AA4FB6ADCA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Maximum width of hypoclypeal depression 0.4-0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8F404C26D58F34ED28FFCF90D5AD5403" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
minimum width of face (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A8178325A5FD46FCA86E9A269523B24D" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">676</figureCitation>
|
||
); OOL of ♀ 1.4-1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DC473785E63CA42B7A6D4AED04AEE491" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as diameter of posterior ocellus and distinctly rugose or rugulose (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1F07D95AB117179DF2D62AFF090FB2EB" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">677</figureCitation>
|
||
); length of 4th antennal segment of ♀ 1.0-1.4 (of ♂ 1.1-1.4)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F8DB73C15D6C499A487F044167577CE2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its width (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1DF3CD295F1A5F0E73D32C821B43D178" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">679</figureCitation>
|
||
); ventral margin of clypeus thick and not protruding anteriorly (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1A5AC3AA2230BD963E4183063F4BB891" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">678</figureCitation>
|
||
); lobes of mesoscutum densely punctate, interspaces largely smooth and shiny; precoxal area coarsely vermiculate-rugose medially; marginal cell of fore wing of ♀ usually ending rather removed from wing apex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5A3D53B33AFE5456818A42812F7AFAB0" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">670</figureCitation>
|
||
); vein 1-CU1 of fore wing 0.4-0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="24370E5BFEB24FE85F95B0A59993DBE0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as vein 2-CU1; hind tarsal claws yellowish or brownish bristly setose and with few yellowish pectinal teeth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="359697CE3F5253A90A704CCB9242B52C" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">681</figureCitation>
|
||
); hind femur at least apico-dorsally dark brown or black; inner side of hind tibia of ♀ yellowish; pale males have whole frons and stemmaticum yellowish; palpi dark brown or blackish, rarely brown; 3rd metasomal tergite only antero-laterally reddish or yellowish; 4th and 5th tergites black. Specimens from high altitude have the head conspicuously long setose and the tarsal claws brownish pectinate basally. In this respect males are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E0C3AAC0F289D6FBDF3F2FBA00FB55E" lsidName="A. hirtus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hirtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99D4C8B5DA7E416B5049D6C7A1ECFE3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. hirtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A780154F91E88E215DDF249A7E5CF5E0" lsidName="A. hirtus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hirtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="36650ACC35C5320C60D2FBB4597CE78B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. hirtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has precoxal area and mesoscutum largely smooth and clypeus distinctly protruding in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BF52D8BCF5009C0DD10AF2BE4EB52B3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="1422B0D8559AE084292E641A00D06195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA10949779C696340F3F163A792260D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neotype, ♀, length of fore wing 3.9 mm, of body 6.5 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A5E4425F1E9DDDDA0EA2EDDE67107A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C439FD07D3D27A0E07E8B4B219FB95" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Antennal segments of ♀ 35, antenna as long as fore wing, its subbasal and subapical segments robust (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="3BB5C16FE99ACD18F2A1E3636B17D17D" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">679</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DC6EF19A0B76143A17FB01DBF60B51DD" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">680</figureCitation>
|
||
); frons with curved rugae; OOL 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0547C2C613F9E4861C259E7F0AEA60A9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter of posterior ocellus, rugose and moderately shiny; vertex rugose, rather shiny; clypeus rugose; ventral margin of clypeus thick and not protruding forwards (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CE0BE9999C2AE57978A14544DC47D58D" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">678</figureCitation>
|
||
); width of hypoclypeal depression 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DEE2CCEE09841DD4B3DF6FA43A1BA51B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
minimum width of face (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9C68F533395EBFDEAE49A8C528A6E805" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">676</figureCitation>
|
||
); length of eye twice temple in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D77661BF023EDDF4FE7CA0FE7B8A7165" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">677</figureCitation>
|
||
); vertex behind stemmaticum rugose; clypeus below lower level of eyes; length of malar space 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="13A5C486056331F494BC78FA43B8918B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of eye in lateral view; temple punctate and shiny, but rugulose near occipital carina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C02B9BD0E4F751279E24C5F2E9ECA98C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="9643A089D5F7F88304C2F9798753C826" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
|
||
Mesoscutal lobes distinctly punctate, interspaces of lateral lobes smooth and shiny; precoxal area of mesopleuron coarsely vermiculate-rugose medially, but posteriorly punctate; mesopleuron punctate medially; metapleuron distinctly rugose ventrally and dorsally punctate; scutellum largely smooth (except for punctulation), rather shiny and nearly flat, with lateral carina; propodeum coarsely reticulate-rugose, laterally dorsal face longer than posterior one, somewhat angulate laterally but without tubercles, and with complete medio-longitudinal carina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C3E84830261AF989350C5E084259BBA0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B91AAC109A79673ECA1201462370BF4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||
Fore wing: r 0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7DD91E3FEDECC531FB08D4F9B4FFED94" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-SR; marginal cell short (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A139D9D789EA75D935DD23147DDE256C" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">670</figureCitation>
|
||
); 1-CU1 horizontal, 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8314B24987DD433D36ABDC78DD2A2270" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2-CU1; r-m 0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="567271BBF22FAAA41745E78B08F05B5A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-SR; 2nd submarginal cell medium-sized (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5CEB3CD06932F144EE9B5804A443025" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">670</figureCitation>
|
||
); cu-a inclivous, straight; 1-M rather curved posteriorly; 1-SR slightly wider than 1-M; surroundings of M+CU1, 1-M and 1-CU1 largely setose. Hind wing: marginal cell linearly widened, its apical width 2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8F9D46D1CACEEE349DDBEE812CF770D6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width at level of hamuli (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7EDBE5A9704F277B0DC9B1A1B168AB11" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">670</figureCitation>
|
||
); 2-SC+R subquadrate; m-cu narrowly pigmented; M+CU:1-M = 30:19; 1r-m 0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1809F611B4B314426229E12E855E13E5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1-M.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0F052B4E292A994D673911F3FAB9B050" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B03EFA44BC3CE982BB7473C0921B02A9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
Tarsal claws mainly setose and medially with 4 yellowish rather short pectinal teeth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="66EF462DECC5761DAC13BBA3AB7077B4" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">681</figureCitation>
|
||
); hind coxa punctate and shiny; hind trochantellus robust; length of hind femur and basitarsus 3.3 and 4.0
|
||
<normalizedToken id="730AB8C6CD14880810DA511F99B87E86" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
their width, respectively; length of inner hind spur 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="90B4336DDAAEA58B073C595CE60F8708" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
hind basitarsus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6D0E23F5414E44E944287BE08B10DED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="13AE2A178A00BC36F7B55FC1B9AA9FEE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Metasoma.</emphasis>
|
||
First tergite rather convex medially, 0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AEAF5CFAA75764B0582A84D122C85408" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide apically, robust and coarsely irregularly longitudinally rugose as 2nd tergite; 1st tergite and basal half of 2nd tergite with medio-longitudinal carina; medio-basal area of 2nd tergite triangular and rather distinct (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="ECC7047BE66770ABAE218B1409CF1C90" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">673</figureCitation>
|
||
); 2nd suture deep and crenulate; basal half of 3rd tergite largely longitudinally striate, remainder of metasoma superficially micro-sculptured or smooth; 4th and apical half of 3rd tergite without sharp lateral crease; ovipositor sheath wide, with medium-sized setae and apically truncate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D1636A7FF9ECDD3B49C974440877D9E5" captionStart="Figures 667–669" captionStartId="F98" captionText="Figures 667 - 669. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 667 habitus lateral 668 ovipositor sheath lateral 669 mummy of Hoplodrina blanda (Denis & Schiffermueller)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures667-669" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390142" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">668</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="06665A1C4554A10C60EF5474FBEB7156" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="11FD5F7F5E184AA76C4FE4C704D31198" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour.</emphasis>
|
||
Reddish or orange-brown; stemmaticum medially, malar space largely, temple and occiput ventrally, mesosternum, mesopleuron ventrally, 3rd tergite (except antero-laterally), 4th-7th tergites black; palpi (only labial palp darkened basally) brown; basal half of antenna, tegulae, parastigma, and base of pterostigma pale yellowish; apical half of antenna, pedicellus dorsally, propodeum dorsally and medially, middle and hind femora apico-dorsally, and telotarsi dark brown; remainder of pterostigma and veins dark brown or brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FCDCF97B1FA1B80B1756EC0C36AEFE2E" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">670</figureCitation>
|
||
); fore wing membrane rather infuscate, but hind wing nearly subhyaline.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="98D70EBE1EF26A595C097E63CB58C95B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="10AC81F28786A759D241F068D3939557" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Female: mesosoma occasionally wholly black. Male face and mesosoma usually black but can be variably marked with red; scape and pedicel usually (partly) reddish in central and southern populations but most often entirely black in more north-western ones (e.g., British Isles, Sweden); hind coxa varies from black to red. Length of malar space 0.5-0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4565E61101622C837548D296C68B1726" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of eye in lateral view; head black or largely reddish brown (except temple ventrally and malar space); interspaces of mesoscutal lobes smooth to micro-sculptured; 1-CU1 0.4-0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A333B19D577743D74EC8DD96E67B24D2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2-CU1; 3rd tergite longitudinally striate or rugulose basally (sometimes narrowly so), without curved sculptural elements (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9227CDDED780562C4C398109E28F87B5" captionStart="Figures 670–681" captionStartId="F99" captionText="Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">673</figureCitation>
|
||
), except sometimes some weak transverse striae occasionally present at extreme apex; males from montane habitats are generally darker than lowland males. Antennal segments: ♀ 34(6), 35(12), 36(15), 37(22), 38(17), 39(13), 40(2), 41(3), 42(2), 43(1); ♂ 43(1), 44(1), 45(1), 46(1), 47(5), 48(13), 49(32), 50(19), 51(36), 52(36), 53(28), 54(11), 55(4), 56(4), 57(2). On average males have ca 14 more antennal segments than females. Male has marginal cell of fore wing less robust than in ♀, with apical tergites type 1-2, density of setae rather variable and fringe evident but sparse (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A8EF2AA4F9297A2189105C10CE179E68" captionStart="Figures 682–685" captionStartId="F100" captionText="Figures 682 - 685. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♂, U. K. (culture) 682 habitus lateral 683 apex of antenna 684 base of antenna 685 mummy of Hoplodrina octogenaria (Goeze)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures682-685" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390144" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">682</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E311D08DC831C6B825915BDE97D97F34" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="DF9A88A4F4C302ADCCB22C33B37FA043" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CEA4E8F13BF023BD11D7F01B1A3DE4A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">*Afghanistan, *Andorra, Austria, British Isles (England, Wales), *Bulgaria, *Croatia, *Czech Republic, *Finland, *France, Germany, *Iran, *Kazakhstan, *Kyrgyzstan, *Montenegro, *Netherlands, *North Macedonia, *Norway, *Romania, *Russia (including Dagestan and Far East), *Serbia, *Slovakia, *Sweden, Switzerland, *Turkey, *Ukraine.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1704B2553FDB538C1CC1D9AFFB9B8169" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="10764A3F7323487DE79DCE62CF6F85B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB68F3287DCE95364103C6D718FAE23B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
An examined female (NMS) from Hungary, Borzsony Mts., 140 m altitude, 20-30.vii.2005 (unfortunately, too damaged for description) represents a very similar but new species. The 4th-10th antennal segments are not moniliform, slenderer than in typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7BD08DA4576CD54C71075EF8F394560" lsidName="A. ruficornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AD121004F2E75BB72F4B7928C21B3D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the fore femur is more robust than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82FC255EA4E9653BA6B5EFB84FC6D7F6" lsidName="A. ruficornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADF70CB94005E935CFFC16AF1D41A4E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the COI sequence (MRS886) is different (2.1 %).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CED2478F9386437E404EF626B4A0E9D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="817B88FF83F2CDB379BECE694E72DF59" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes ruficornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FCC41D428A4347BC9B4FCEDAC2ECB0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aleiodes ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the commonest and most widespread of a small group of related species parasitising grassland and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A28EFA5BBEF608B6FB589B620A6177A8" originalValue="“cutworm”">"cutworm"</normalizedToken>
|
||
hosts, exhibiting strong sexual dimorphism with unremarkable males but the more extensively orange females having a stronger build and much shorter antennae. The least extreme in these respects is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECD3C7FEB02D4E9499DFA8B4A86C9850" lsidName="A. gasterator" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gasterator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ED458294B6910539BAEB8A302D0E0F49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gasterator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which largely (but not completely) replaces
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49D7D2F1E4F22E8A429F7A41D70B414A" lsidName="A. ruficornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="28791702C10B08F39C9403A2BB515FB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Mediterranean region.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C3E8072E7182ED0AE83C2C7F5CC60DF" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1822" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes grassator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grassator">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF5E532DBCDAAFFA4FD826A63BC8DE51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aleiodes grassator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="291334F7A7666E24E1B20D1B8D20A831" lsidName="A. ruficornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0B742711C2D21DB2954DCA5FFC36188" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it appears to be restricted to montane and northern habitats where it might be thought to replace
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6DB80B887C9FE7C52B94931B13CF1C4" lsidName="A. ruficornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9900331A4E96D6D9B2A39ECA8AACF2E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, some males that morphologically agree best with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ABC568FC58F3BB7C05B4F1B95FB114B" lsidName="A. ruficornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CC57BB0645FDD258F8E9E2CB2CA1FE9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collected at high altitude in the Alps (up to 2550 m), where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02AE5BD888A3634CB4580B0F17B2F47C" lsidName="A. improvisus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="improvisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7D63B54600A4FE54E85F10A7F211B407" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. improvisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occurs, but whether these high-altitude
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC9ED15817C3ED033338D268B90F94E4" lsidName="A. ruficornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F145B8C0981827D234D78168684E175B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males are parts of breeding populations or have simply been carried up in thermals is impossible to say. The females in this group (excluding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA9E9519B1BF249F191261A595EF3AB5" lsidName="A. gasterator" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gasterator">
|
||
<emphasis id="807887D455321C4E4F4F06E7B730441D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gasterator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are scarcer in collections than males, as they fly very little and rarely enter Malaise traps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B40BBD538BAF8497A35B036FCB3A909B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures667-669" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390142" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figures 667–669" startId="F98">
|
||
<paragraph id="64C7F8FA490B6834E8727C8D8FAB60C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="8860CE344990CBC535E31F54819FCA35" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 667-669.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C42BD865EAFA364D8027E1156F66C337" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes ruficornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1DDB75B86CABC69699C2A66EF5D97EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aleiodes ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DB3FD34E7A05144EE0E91C22E3A82E4A" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
|
||
), ♀, neotype
|
||
<emphasis id="C690FB7F81A0C2AF9085325699ED794B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">667</emphasis>
|
||
habitus lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="78BF42A83B8DD031821B794BB95AC684" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">668</emphasis>
|
||
ovipositor sheath lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="03157D269B93F80CF79079265A01119D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">669</emphasis>
|
||
mummy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68956BDC826199F0D93B82DDF280C7B2" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hoplodrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplodrina blanda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blanda">
|
||
<emphasis id="7C88D7EA77B25B3A6C6FD2D84937D5DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoplodrina blanda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Denis &
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CA27CB26BFD7B553E67033F61735DABA" originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="5CB1A2DFD35D5FB7B3BA565153A67EFE" doi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures670-681" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390143" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figures 670–681" startId="F99">
|
||
<paragraph id="B34FA0C4716A0E842A30E42BC1B9A63E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8EC2A980DC6917E9485C5F0F9020D6C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 670-681.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5764B198E89EC19915F3CE972412535A" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes ruficornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDD5CA550585B6483D98854696D47EE9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aleiodes ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AE2A9D149ED8B7026DE2FC3A73898A82" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
|
||
), ♀, neotype
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB88B9FA17F39BDBA962BCA57DB053E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">670</emphasis>
|
||
wings
|
||
<emphasis id="3F4B47EAD0BF04DC40040AD9D9C00A3B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">671</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="D5EC5B7BA9F2ED289AAE6D328A8B2F2C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">672</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="082417B268871113D7F062496288B584" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">673</emphasis>
|
||
metasoma dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="EFA5018AC2B16DBE936D0491824B838C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">674</emphasis>
|
||
fore femur lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="04246AD779B679E4FDC38B88D428146C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">675</emphasis>
|
||
hind femur lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="9B46F507B0FC81A744ADF5AA0D13CC3B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">676</emphasis>
|
||
head anterior
|
||
<emphasis id="7E2D37C8F37A898DABDE88C87644675A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">677</emphasis>
|
||
head dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="4EA6F02B4C8B530D8528F596FA2D14C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">678</emphasis>
|
||
head lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="09114F32BE623968BDAA015DE8AA6B0D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">679</emphasis>
|
||
base of antenna
|
||
<emphasis id="AB8038E0AD9B01B8E5183729C775D02A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">680</emphasis>
|
||
apex of antenna
|
||
<emphasis id="ED9E873B8E93656E6B6D47DF4D521C62" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">681</emphasis>
|
||
outer hind tarsal claw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7FA574AAF8151A35A857687041C23AE2" doi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures682-685" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390144" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figures 682–685" startId="F100">
|
||
<paragraph id="0062AED03E9812AD50806F0D576738E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B0DBFD8BE4C46D2263840708D060439" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 682-685.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B146A3E57FB5A19558A18365EA92C1C3" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes ruficornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEF6F2E67239A67957C2901F24B3C30B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aleiodes ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="443803964DBC3F40B4F0A97EFDB0474F" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
|
||
), ♂, U.K. (culture)
|
||
<emphasis id="E226910F2BD714D1561AF23DD78ADF63" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">682</emphasis>
|
||
habitus lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="A9AE59D3CE4F255F6EF8284836D490E2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">683</emphasis>
|
||
apex of antenna
|
||
<emphasis id="95AFB5BF3FD921F9A484C21F4EBAAAE4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">684</emphasis>
|
||
base of antenna
|
||
<emphasis id="0D47E3EB46A4F2082BAD36E50660813A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">685</emphasis>
|
||
mummy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE12ACE4559799FE4BFB20A060C0A647" baseAuthorityName="Goeze" baseAuthorityYear="1781" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hoplodrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplodrina octogenaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octogenaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="3B74BD0DEDDBE86C815092D5F4B019AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoplodrina octogenaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Goeze).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |