378 lines
56 KiB
XML
378 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.85563" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-2-275" ID-Pensoft-UUID="901840CDDC945ED5BD6B9F7247576CCF" ID-ZooBank="1B122F9DB3554D4B808DA0345404370B" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-2-275" checkinTime="1667366208159" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Adrian, Brent" docDate="2022" docId="F4A4BF64FA5159AB9843D1730190DD21" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(2): 275-285" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (2)" docPubDate="2022-08-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.85563" docTitle="Boremys Lambe 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="901840CDDC945ED5BD6B9F7247576CCF" lastPageNumber="275" masterDocId="901840CDDC945ED5BD6B9F7247576CCF" masterDocTitle="Stratigraphic range extension of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudinata, Baenidae) through at least the uppermost Cretaceous" masterLastPageNumber="285" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="275" updateTime="1667366509007" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Stratigraphic range extension of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudinata, Baenidae) through at least the uppermost Cretaceous</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Adrian, Brent</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">brentonadrian@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Fossil Record</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number>2022-08-25</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>25</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>275</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>285</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.85563</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.85563</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2193-0074-2-275</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1B122F9DB3554D4B808DA0345404370B</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">901840CDDC945ED5BD6B9F7247576CCF</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F4A4BF64FA5159AB9843D1730190DD21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4A4BF64FA5159AB9843D1730190DD21" lastPageNumber="275" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="F4A4BF64-FA51-59AB-9843-D1730190DD21" authority="Lambe, 1906 b" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1906" class="Reptilia" family="Baenidae" genus="Boremys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boremys" order="Paracryptodira" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Boremys Lambe, 1906b</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Reptilia" family="Baenidae" genus="Boremys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boremys pulchra" order="Paracryptodira" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">Boremys pulchra</taxonomicName>
|
|
Lambe, 1906a
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="type specimen">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Type specimen.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
CMN 1130, a plastron and anterior half of carapace (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Lambe, LM" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Canadian Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="25 - 81" refId="B37" refString="Lambe, LM, 1902. New genera and species from the Belly River Series (mid-Cretaceous). Contributions to Canadian Paleontology 3: 25 - 81" title="New genera and species from the Belly River Series (mid-Cretaceous)." volume="3" year="1902">Lambe 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: fig. 8;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Lambe, LM" journalOrPublisher="Ottawa Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="232 - 234" refId="B38" refString="Lambe, LM, 1906a. Boremys, a new chelonian genus from the Cretaceous of Alberta. Ottawa Naturalist 19: 232 - 234" title="Boremys, a new chelonian genus from the Cretaceous of Alberta." volume="19" year="1906 a">Lambe 1906a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: pls. 3.4, 4).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="type locality">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Type locality and stratum.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
Near the mouth of Berry Creek, Red Deer River, Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada; Dinosaur Park (formerly Judith River) Formation, Judith River Group, Campanian, Late Cretaceous (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Lambe, LM" journalOrPublisher="Ottawa Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="232 - 234" refId="B38" refString="Lambe, LM, 1906a. Boremys, a new chelonian genus from the Cretaceous of Alberta. Ottawa Naturalist 19: 232 - 234" title="Boremys, a new chelonian genus from the Cretaceous of Alberta." volume="19" year="1906 a">Lambe 1906a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" author="Brinkman, DB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="302 - 315" refId="B7" refString="Brinkman, DB, Nicholls, EL, 1991. Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 302 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" title="Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" volume="11" year="1991">Brinkman and Nicholls 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/e93-016" author="Eberth, DA" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="174 - 200" refId="B11" refString="Eberth, DA, Hamblin, AP, 1993. Tectonic, stratigraphic, and sedimentologic significance of a regional discontinuity in the upper Judith River Group (Belly River wedge) of southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, and northern Montana. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30: 174 - 200, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/e93-016" title="Tectonic, stratigraphic, and sedimentologic significance of a regional discontinuity in the upper Judith River Group (Belly River wedge) of southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, and northern Montana." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/e93-016" volume="30" year="1993">Eberth and Hamblin 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Material.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="RAM 27109" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" specimenCount="1">
|
|
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/RAM27109">RAM 27109</accessionNumber>
|
|
, a near-complete anterior plastral lobe, comprised of co-ossified entoplastron, epiplastra and partial hyoplastra (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
RAM 27109 is a well preserved, mostly complete anterior plastral lobe (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2</figureCitation>
|
|
). The pattern of sulci at the anterior end of the ventral side of the lobe closely matches that of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Reptilia" family="Baenidae" genus="Boremys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boremys pulchra" order="Testudines" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Boremys pulchra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as reconstructed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" author="Brinkman, DB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="302 - 315" refId="B7" refString="Brinkman, DB, Nicholls, EL, 1991. Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 302 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" title="Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" volume="11" year="1991">Brinkman and Nicholls (1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: fig. 7B) (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2A-C</figureCitation>
|
|
). The epiplastra, entoplastron and hyoplastra of RAM 27109 are completely fused, with no visible sutures (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Archibald, DJ" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B2" refString="Archibald, DJ, 1977. Fossil Mammalia and Testudines of the Hell Creek Formation, and the Geology of the Tullock and Hell Creek Formations, Garfield County. University of California, Berkeley." title="Fossil Mammalia and Testudines of the Hell Creek Formation, and the Geology of the Tullock and Hell Creek Formations, Garfield County. University of California, Berkeley." year="1977">Archibald (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
considered lack of shell fusion a derived character in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1906" class="Reptilia" family="Baenidae" genus="Boremys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boremys" order="Testudines" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Boremys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but most
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Reptilia" family="Baenidae" genus="Boremys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boremys pulchra" order="Testudines" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Boremys pulchra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
shells examined by
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" author="Brinkman, DB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="302 - 315" refId="B7" refString="Brinkman, DB, Nicholls, EL, 1991. Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 302 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" title="Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" volume="11" year="1991">Brinkman and Nicholls (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
were fused. Considering that baenid turtles exhibit determinate growth and co-ossify as adults and that RAM 27109 is similar in size and proportions to other
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. pulchra" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">B. pulchra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimens, RAM 27109 can be considered a nearly full-sized adult (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1984.10011968" author="Hutchison, JH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="148 - 151" refId="B24" refString="Hutchison, JH, 1984. Determinate growth in the Baenidae (Testudines): Taxonomic, ecologic, and stratigraphic significance. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3: 148 - 151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1984.10011968" title="Determinate growth in the Baenidae (Testudines): Taxonomic, ecologic, and stratigraphic significance." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1984.10011968" volume="3" year="1984">Hutchison 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum length / width (mm) plot of the anterior plastral lobe in Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a specimens (Brinkman and Nicholls 1991: table 2). Values are provided in Table 1. All measurements, except RAM 27109 (in red), are from specimens collected in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta (Dinosaur Park Formation, middle Campanian). For the dotted blue regression line, R 2 = 0.5246." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734904" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">3</figureCitation>
|
|
, Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of anterior plastral lobes (maximum lengths and widths) of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a specimens. Additional data from Brinkman and Nicholls (1991: table 2). Graph ID numbers correspond with those in Figure 3. All measurements are from specimens collected in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta (Dinosaur Park Formation, middle Campanian), except RAM 27109. All measurements in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6E7C1EF27D254C8BD08A0D472C57F11B" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" tableUuid="6E7C1EF27D254C8BD08A0D472C57F11B">1</tableCitation>
|
|
). Smaller size is a primary diagnostic character for this species and
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" author="Brinkman, DB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="302 - 315" refId="B7" refString="Brinkman, DB, Nicholls, EL, 1991. Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 302 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" title="Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" volume="11" year="1991">Brinkman and Nicholls (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
regard 320 mm as the maximum mid-line carapace length for
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. pulchra" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">B. pulchra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Similarly,
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3374/014.056.0203" author="Joyce, WG" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="147 - 183" refId="B33" refString="Joyce, WG, Lyson, TR, 2015. A review of the fossil record of turtles of the clade Baenidae. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 56: 147 - 183, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3374/014.056.0203" title="A review of the fossil record of turtles of the clade Baenidae." url="https://doi.org/10.3374/014.056.0203" volume="56" year="2015">Joyce and Lyson (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
found 300 mm as the carapace length dividing
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. pulchra" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">B. pulchra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the congeneric
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. grandis" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">B. grandis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Using the proportions of the reconstructed shell of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. pulchra" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">B. pulchra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" author="Brinkman, DB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="302 - 315" refId="B7" refString="Brinkman, DB, Nicholls, EL, 1991. Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 302 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" title="Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" volume="11" year="1991">Brinkman and Nicholls (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, the mid-line carapace length of RAM 27109 is estimated to be ~ 200 mm, similar to Campanian
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. pulchra" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">B. pulchra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimens (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" author="Brinkman, DB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="302 - 315" refId="B7" refString="Brinkman, DB, Nicholls, EL, 1991. Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 302 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" title="Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" volume="11" year="1991">Brinkman and Nicholls 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3374/014.056.0203" author="Joyce, WG" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="147 - 183" refId="B33" refString="Joyce, WG, Lyson, TR, 2015. A review of the fossil record of turtles of the clade Baenidae. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 56: 147 - 183, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3374/014.056.0203" title="A review of the fossil record of turtles of the clade Baenidae." url="https://doi.org/10.3374/014.056.0203" volume="56" year="2015">Joyce and Lyson 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum length / width (mm) plot of the anterior plastral lobe in Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a specimens (Brinkman and Nicholls 1991: table 2). Values are provided in Table 1. All measurements, except RAM 27109 (in red), are from specimens collected in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta (Dinosaur Park Formation, middle Campanian). For the dotted blue regression line, R 2 = 0.5246." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734904" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">3</figureCitation>
|
|
, Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of anterior plastral lobes (maximum lengths and widths) of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a specimens. Additional data from Brinkman and Nicholls (1991: table 2). Graph ID numbers correspond with those in Figure 3. All measurements are from specimens collected in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta (Dinosaur Park Formation, middle Campanian), except RAM 27109. All measurements in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6E7C1EF27D254C8BD08A0D472C57F11B" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" tableUuid="6E7C1EF27D254C8BD08A0D472C57F11B">1</tableCitation>
|
|
). The presence of anterior plastral scalloping (lateral epiplastral projections) and straight extragular-humeral sulci further differentiate RAM 27109 from
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. grandis" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">B. grandis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.83-2978.159" author="Gilmore, CW" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="159 - 188" refId="B20" refString="Gilmore, CW, 1935. On the Reptilia of the Kirtland Formation of New Mexico, with descriptions of new species of fossil turtles. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 83: 159 - 188, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.83-2978.159" title="On the Reptilia of the Kirtland Formation of New Mexico, with descriptions of new species of fossil turtles." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.83-2978.159" volume="83" year="1935">Gilmore 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). I consider the reconstruction of
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" author="Brinkman, DB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="302 - 315" refId="B7" refString="Brinkman, DB, Nicholls, EL, 1991. Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 302 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" title="Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" volume="11" year="1991">Brinkman and Nicholls (1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: fig. 7B) probably more representative than that presented by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gaffney, ES" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 84" refId="B14" refString="Gaffney, ES, 1972. The systematics of the North American family Baenidae (Reptilia, Cryptodira). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147: 1 - 84" title="The systematics of the North American family Baenidae (Reptilia, Cryptodira)." volume="147" year="1972">Gaffney (1972</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: fig. 40) because it is more recent and based on more specimens (NMC 2281, ROM 5115, TMP 90.119.6, UALVP 9, UCMP 130155). The current specimen and reconstructions of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. pulchra" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">B. pulchra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
vary in the degree of curvature between the gular-extragular and extragular-humeral sulci, as well as the degree of lateral projection on the epiplastra (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gaffney, ES" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 84" refId="B14" refString="Gaffney, ES, 1972. The systematics of the North American family Baenidae (Reptilia, Cryptodira). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147: 1 - 84" title="The systematics of the North American family Baenidae (Reptilia, Cryptodira)." volume="147" year="1972">Gaffney 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" author="Brinkman, DB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="302 - 315" refId="B7" refString="Brinkman, DB, Nicholls, EL, 1991. Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 302 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" title="Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" volume="11" year="1991">Brinkman and Nicholls 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Given the uncertainty regarding sutures due to shell fusion, I interpret these last minor morphological differences as probable individual variation (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gaffney, ES" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 84" refId="B14" refString="Gaffney, ES, 1972. The systematics of the North American family Baenidae (Reptilia, Cryptodira). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147: 1 - 84" title="The systematics of the North American family Baenidae (Reptilia, Cryptodira)." volume="147" year="1972">Gaffney 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" author="Brinkman, DB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="302 - 315" refId="B7" refString="Brinkman, DB, Nicholls, EL, 1991. Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 302 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" title="Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" volume="11" year="1991">Brinkman and Nicholls 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
RAM 27109 is subtriangular in shape with a bilateral pair of rounded lobes (the anterior of which is smaller) projecting laterally from the epiplastra to form distinct anterior plastral scalloping (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2B-E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Each laterally projecting lobe is upturned dorsally and protrudes slightly beyond a rounded ridge on the dorsal surface of the plastron which runs along the bases of the lobes (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2D-E</figureCitation>
|
|
). This 3-4 mm wide ridge likely marked the transition between the scale-covered lobes and the body wall (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2E</figureCitation>
|
|
). The dorsal surface of the anterior plastral lobe is otherwise flat and even, apart from a ~ 1 mm tall ridge along the posterior portion of the anterior plastral lobe mid-line, which likely represents a reduced homologue of the posterior process of the entoplastron that is present in basal testudinatans (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gaffney, ES" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 263" refId="B16" refString="Gaffney, ES, 1990. The comparative osteology of the Triassic turtle Proganochelys. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 194: 1 - 263" title="The comparative osteology of the Triassic turtle Proganochelys." volume="194" year="1990">Gaffney 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: figs. 91-92;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12403" author="Szczygielski, T" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="375 - 415" refId="B65" refString="Szczygielski, T, Sulej, T, 2019. The early composition and evolution of the turtle shell (Reptilia, Testudinata). Palaeontology 62: 375 - 415, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12403" title="The early composition and evolution of the turtle shell (Reptilia, Testudinata)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12403" volume="62" year="2019">Szczygielski and Sulej 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: fig. 6) (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2D-E</figureCitation>
|
|
). The mid-line ridge reaches a maximum width of 4.3 mm and it diminishes anteriorly across the inferred length of the entoplastron, terminating at approximately the anterior end of this bone (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2D-E</figureCitation>
|
|
). At this level, there is a small round pit (diameter = ~ 3 mm) on each side of the mid-line ridge (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2D-E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Anterior to the hyoplastra, the muscles supracoracoideus anterior and deltoideus clavicularis possibly attached to the anterior plastral lobe near the mid-line (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, H" journalOrPublisher="The Geological Society of America Special Paper" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B69" refString="Zhu, H, 2011. Plastron reduction and associated myology in turtles, and its implications for functional morphology and natural history. Masters Thesis, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA." title="Plastron reduction and associated myology in turtles, and its implications for functional morphology and natural history. Masters Thesis, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA." year="2011">Zhu 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The functions of these muscles are adduction and retraction of the humerus, which are important in aquatic locomotion of turtles (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Walker, JWF" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, New York, NY" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B67" refString="Walker, JWF, 1973. The locomotor apparatus of Testudines. In: Gans, C, Parsons, TS, Eds., Biology of the Reptilia. Academic Press, New York, NY: 1 - 51" title="The locomotor apparatus of Testudines." volumeTitle="Biology of the Reptilia." year="1973">Walker 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, H" journalOrPublisher="The Geological Society of America Special Paper" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B69" refString="Zhu, H, 2011. Plastron reduction and associated myology in turtles, and its implications for functional morphology and natural history. Masters Thesis, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA." title="Plastron reduction and associated myology in turtles, and its implications for functional morphology and natural history. Masters Thesis, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA." year="2011">Zhu 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
The posterior end of the anterior plastral lobe is broken cleanly in an approximately straight line perpendicular to the mid-line on the left side (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2F</figureCitation>
|
|
). On the right side, the break angles anterolaterally at approximately 53° from the mid-line (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2B-E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Both breaks provide a view into the interior anatomy of the anterior plastron, but few details of the microanatomy can be assessed (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2F</figureCitation>
|
|
). The bone exhibits a
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="diploë">diploe</normalizedToken>
|
|
structure typical of turtles, with compact external and internal cortices enclosing an interiormost region of cancellous bone (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Scheyer, TM" journalOrPublisher="Clarendon Press, Oxford" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B60" refString="Scheyer, TM, 2007. Comparative bone histology of the turtle shell (carapace and plastron): implications for turtle systematics, functional morphology and turtle origins. PhD Thesis, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany." title="Comparative bone histology of the turtle shell (carapace and plastron): implications for turtle systematics, functional morphology and turtle origins. PhD Thesis, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany." year="2007">Scheyer 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2F</figureCitation>
|
|
). The primary comparative data available regarding baenid shell histology is from carapacial and plastral material of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1906" class="Reptilia" family="Baenidae" genus="Boremys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boremys" order="Testudines" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Boremys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. from the Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation in Alberta, Canada (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Scheyer, TM" journalOrPublisher="Clarendon Press, Oxford" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B60" refString="Scheyer, TM, 2007. Comparative bone histology of the turtle shell (carapace and plastron): implications for turtle systematics, functional morphology and turtle origins. PhD Thesis, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany." title="Comparative bone histology of the turtle shell (carapace and plastron): implications for turtle systematics, functional morphology and turtle origins. PhD Thesis, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany." year="2007">Scheyer 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Compared to
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1902" class="Reptilia" family="Chelydridae" genus="Neurankylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neurankylus" order="Testudines" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Neurankylus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Baenidae" genus="Plesiobaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plesiobaena" order="Testudines" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Plesiobaena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp.,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1906" class="Reptilia" family="Baenidae" genus="Boremys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boremys" order="Testudines" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Boremys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1872" class="Reptilia" family="Baenidae" genus="Chisternon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chisternon" order="Testudines" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Chisternon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp.) is reported to have less compact bone, thinner cortices and a well-developed cancellous interior, with larger marrow cavities in cancellous bone and higher vascularisation in compact bone (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Scheyer, TM" journalOrPublisher="Clarendon Press, Oxford" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B60" refString="Scheyer, TM, 2007. Comparative bone histology of the turtle shell (carapace and plastron): implications for turtle systematics, functional morphology and turtle origins. PhD Thesis, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany." title="Comparative bone histology of the turtle shell (carapace and plastron): implications for turtle systematics, functional morphology and turtle origins. PhD Thesis, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany." year="2007">Scheyer 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Such detailed microanatomical morphology cannot be ascertained from RAM 27109; however, there is distinct cancellous bone with prominent marrow cavities in the interiormost region of approximately the middle third of the lobe (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2F</figureCitation>
|
|
). Trabeculae are larger towards the mid-line and are generally round to ovoid and the lateral plastral margins consist of only compact bone, without a cancellous interior (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2F</figureCitation>
|
|
). Near the mid-line, the well-developed external cortex is approximately 2.7 times thicker than the internal cortex (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a. A. Reconstructed B. pulchra carapace of Brinkman and Nicholls (1991), with shaded area representing RAM 27109; B. Photograph in ventral view; C. Line drawing in ventral view; D. Photograph in dorsal view; E. Line drawing in dorsal view; F. Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in C and E show missing edges. In F, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to F only." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2F</figureCitation>
|
|
). This disparity between external and internal cortical thickness is similar to that of a costal from
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Reptilia" family="Baenidae" genus="Denazinemys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Denazinemys nodosa" order="Testudines" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Denazinemys nodosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Gilmore, 1916 in the late Campanian Fruitland Formation, where the exterior cortex is significantly thicker than the internal cortex and trabeculae are mostly small and circular (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2017/0622" author="Lichtig, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie - Abhandlungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 8" refId="B42" refString="Lichtig, AJ, Lucas, SG, 2017. Sutures of the shell of the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene baenid turtle Denazinemys. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie - Abhandlungen 283: 1 - 8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2017/0622" title="Sutures of the shell of the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene baenid turtle Denazinemys." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2017/0622" volume="283" year="2017">Lichtig and Lucas 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-Table-UUID="6E7C1EF27D254C8BD08A0D472C57F11B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6E7C1EF27D254C8BD08A0D472C57F11B" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
|
Measurements of anterior plastral lobes (maximum lengths and widths) of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Reptilia" family="Baenidae" genus="Boremys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boremys pulchra" order="Testudines" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Boremys pulchra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Lambe, 1906a specimens. Additional data from
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" author="Brinkman, DB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="302 - 315" refId="B7" refString="Brinkman, DB, Nicholls, EL, 1991. Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 302 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" title="Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" volume="11" year="1991">Brinkman and Nicholls (1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: table 2). Graph ID numbers correspond with those in Figure
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum length / width (mm) plot of the anterior plastral lobe in Boremys pulchra Lambe, 1906 a specimens (Brinkman and Nicholls 1991: table 2). Values are provided in Table 1. All measurements, except RAM 27109 (in red), are from specimens collected in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta (Dinosaur Park Formation, middle Campanian). For the dotted blue regression line, R 2 = 0.5246." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734904" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">3</figureCitation>
|
|
. All measurements are from specimens collected in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta (Dinosaur Park Formation, middle Campanian), except RAM 27109. All measurements in mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Graph ID</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Specimen</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Length mm</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Width mm</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">RAM 27109</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">54</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">61</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">NMC 2281</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">64</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">57</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">USNM 8803</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">64</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">94</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">UALVP 9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">56</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">59</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">TMP 88.36.111</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">52</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">50</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">TMP 90.119.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">68</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">80</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">TMP 74.10.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">55</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">56</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">TMP 75.11.46</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">53</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">61</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">TMP 88.2.10</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">65</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">75</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.85563.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/734903" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|
RAM 27109, anterior plastral lobe of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Reptilia" family="Baenidae" genus="Boremys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boremys pulchra" order="Testudines" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Boremys pulchra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Lambe, 1906a.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">A.</emphasis>
|
|
Reconstructed
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. pulchra" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">B. pulchra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
carapace of
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" author="Brinkman, DB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="302 - 315" refId="B7" refString="Brinkman, DB, Nicholls, EL, 1991. Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 302 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" title="Anatomy and relationships of the turtle Boremys pulchra (Testudines: Baenidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011400" volume="11" year="1991">Brinkman and Nicholls (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, with shaded area representing RAM 27109;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">B.</emphasis>
|
|
Photograph in ventral view;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">C.</emphasis>
|
|
Line drawing in ventral view;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">D.</emphasis>
|
|
Photograph in dorsal view;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">E.</emphasis>
|
|
Line drawing in dorsal view;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">F.</emphasis>
|
|
Proximal (broken) cross section of anterior plastral lobe. Light grey lines represent sulci and dashed lines in
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">C</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">E</emphasis>
|
|
show missing edges. In
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">F</emphasis>
|
|
, dotted lines indicate boundaries between interior bone layers. 5 mm scale applies to
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">F</emphasis>
|
|
only.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |