328 lines
27 KiB
XML
328 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5152" ID-PMC="PMC4493348" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--5152" ID-PubMed="26175611" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e5152" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Aristathlusimperatorius Bergroth, a newly recognized synonym of Reduviusiopterus Perty, with the new combination Aristathlusiopterus (Perty, 1834) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) " checkinTime="1553126486570" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gil-Santana, Helcio R. & Forero, Dimitri" docDate="2015" docId="F496D7DFDCF9D19C7E8B2D2AFD98D369" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 3: e5152" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 3" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5152" docTitle="Aristathlus iopterus Perty 1834, new combination" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="5152" masterDocId="FFA7FFC2E840FF85FFAFA843605FFFFD" masterDocTitle="Aristathlusimperatorius Bergroth, a newly recognized synonym of Reduviusiopterus Perty, with the new combination Aristathlusiopterus (Perty, 1834) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae)" masterLastPageNumber="5152" masterPageNumber="5152" pageNumber="5152" updateTime="1668123076464" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Aristathlusimperatorius Bergroth, a newly recognized synonym of Reduviusiopterus Perty, with the new combination Aristathlusiopterus (Perty, 1834) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gil-Santana, Helcio R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Forero, Dimitri</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>5152</mods:start>
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<mods:end>5152</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5152</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5152</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828--5152</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F496D7DFDCF9D19C7E8B2D2AFD98D369" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F496D7DFDCF9D19C7E8B2D2AFD98D369" lastPageNumber="5152" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
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<taxonomicName authority="Perty, 1834" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Aristathlus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aristathlus iopterus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iopterus">Aristathlus iopterus (Perty, 1834)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Reduvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reduvius iopterus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iopterus">Reduvius iopterus</taxonomicName>
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Perty, 1834:
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<bibRefCitation author="Perty, M." journalOrPublisher="Frid. Fleischer, Muenchen" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" title="Delectus animalium articulatorum, quae in intinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX, jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi 1. Bavariae regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martius. Digessit descripsit, pingenda curativ Dr. Maximilianus Perty praefatus est et edidit Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martius." year="1834">Perty (1834)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Aristathlus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aristathlus imperatorius" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperatorius">Aristathlus imperatorius</taxonomicName>
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Bergroth, 1913:
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergroth, E." journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" pagination="240 - 242" title="A new Neotropical genus of Reduviidae." volume="57" year="1913">Bergroth (1913)</bibRefCitation>
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new synonym
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1955-11-14" collectingMethod="none specified" collectionCode="MNRJ, Entomology" collectorName="Elias & Roppa" country="Brazil" location="Manaus" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Elias & Roppa</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">1</specimenCount>
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||
; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">male</specimenType>
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; lifeStage:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">adult</specimenType>
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; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:organismnames.com:name:4352608; scientificName: Aristathlusimperatorius Bergroth, 1913; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family: Reduviidae; genus: Aristathlus; specificEpithet: imperatorius; scientificNameAuthorship: Bergroth, 1913; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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; countryCode: BR; stateProvince: Amazonas; locality:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F496D7DFDCF9D19C7E8B2D2AFD98D369:1F856C799EF4A5D881E6388914BA11A1" country="Brazil" name="Manaus" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Manaus</location>
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; Identification: identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hélcio">Helcio</normalizedToken>
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R. Gil-Santana
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</determinerName>
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; dateIdentified: 2007; Event: samplingProtocol:
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<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">none specified</collectingMethod>
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; eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" value="1955-11-14">1955-11-14</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: modified: 2015-04-14; language: en; institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">MNRJ</collectionCode>
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; collectionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Entomology</collectionCode>
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; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1956 - 05" collectingMethod="none specified" collectionCode="MNRJ, Campos Seabra collection" collectorName="F. Oliveira" country="Brazil" location="Obidos" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">F. Oliveira</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">1</specimenCount>
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||
; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">female</specimenType>
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; lifeStage:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">adult</specimenType>
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; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:organismnames.com:name:4352608; scientificName: Aristathlusimperatorius Bergroth, 1913; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family: Reduviidae; genus: Aristathlus; specificEpithet: imperatorius; scientificNameAuthorship: Bergroth, 1913; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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; countryCode: BR; stateProvince:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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||
; locality:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F496D7DFDCF9D19C7E8B2D2AFD98D369:CD62784A07694CC9C382275219E9DA21" country="Brazil" name="Obidos" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Óbidos">Obidos</normalizedToken>
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||
</location>
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||
; Identification: identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hélcio">Helcio</normalizedToken>
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R. Gil-Santana
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</determinerName>
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||
; dateIdentified: 2007; Event: samplingProtocol:
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<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">none specified</collectingMethod>
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; eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">1956-05</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: modified: 2015-04-14; language: en; institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">MNRJ</collectionCode>
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; collectionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Campos Seabra collection</collectionCode>
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; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-11-16" collectingMethod="none specified" collectionCode="MNRJ, Entomology" collectorName="E. Furtado" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.366667" location="Diamantino, Arinos River" longLatPrecision="1288" longitude="-56.116665" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">E. Furtado</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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||
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">1</specimenCount>
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||
; sex:
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||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">male</specimenType>
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; lifeStage:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">adult</specimenType>
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; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:organismnames.com:name:4352608; scientificName: Aristathlusimperatorius Bergroth, 1913; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family: Reduviidae; genus: Aristathlus; specificEpithet: imperatorius; scientificNameAuthorship: Bergroth, 1913; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
; countryCode: BR; stateProvince: Mato Grosso; locality:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F496D7DFDCF9D19C7E8B2D2AFD98D369:8782D6ADC94A529054BF0F8FBFE50CD6" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.366667" longLatPrecision="1288" longitude="-56.116665" name="Diamantino, Arinos River" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Diamantino, Arinos River</location>
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||
; verbatimLatitude:
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||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-14.366667">14° 22' S</geoCoordinate>
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||
; verbatimLongitude:
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||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-56.116665">56° 07' W</geoCoordinate>
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||
; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hélcio">Helcio</normalizedToken>
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||
R. Gil-Santana
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||
</determinerName>
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||
; dateIdentified: 2007; Event: samplingProtocol:
|
||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">none specified</collectingMethod>
|
||
; eventDate:
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||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" value="2002-11-16">2002-11-16</collectingDate>
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||
; Record Level: modified: 2015-04-14; language: en; institutionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">MNRJ</collectionCode>
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||
; collectionCode:
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||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Entomology</collectionCode>
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||
; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation collectingMethod="none specified" collectionCode="AMNH, Entomology" collectorName="Mus. Goeldi 17 / 10 D 01" country="Brazil" location="no specific locality" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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||
Type status:
|
||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Other material</typeStatus>
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||
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
|
||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Mus. Goeldi 17/10 D01</collectorName>
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||
; individualCount:
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">1</specimenCount>
|
||
; sex:
|
||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">female</specimenType>
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||
; lifeStage:
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||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">adult</specimenType>
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||
; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:organismnames.com:name:4352608; scientificName: Aristathlusimperatorius Bergroth, 1913; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family: Reduviidae; genus: Aristathlus; specificEpithet: imperatorius; scientificNameAuthorship: Bergroth, 1913; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
; countryCode: BR; locality:
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F496D7DFDCF9D19C7E8B2D2AFD98D369:A8DCC89849AFC6E6910844F459C33F41" country="Brazil" name="no specific locality" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">no specific locality</location>
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||
; Identification: identifiedBy:
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||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">P. Wygodzsinky</determinerName>
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||
; Event: samplingProtocol:
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||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">none specified</collectingMethod>
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||
; Record Level: modified: 2015-04-14; language: en; institutionCode:
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||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">AMNH</collectionCode>
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||
; collectionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Entomology</collectionCode>
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||
; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1945-05-20" collectingMethod="none specified" collectionCode="ICN, Entomology" collectorName="L. Richter" country="Colombia" location="Rio Ocoa" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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||
Type status:
|
||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Other material</typeStatus>
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||
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
|
||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">L. Richter</collectorName>
|
||
; individualCount:
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||
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">1</specimenCount>
|
||
; sex:
|
||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">male</specimenType>
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||
; lifeStage:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">adult</specimenType>
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||
; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:organismnames.com:name:4352608; scientificName: Aristathlusimperatorius Bergroth, 1913; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family: Reduviidae; genus: Aristathlus; specificEpithet: imperatorius; scientificNameAuthorship: Bergroth, 1913; Location: country:
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||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
; countryCode: CO; stateProvince: Meta; locality:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F496D7DFDCF9D19C7E8B2D2AFD98D369:B1A0547497E2C12E218DE7ABD377276D" country="Colombia" name="Rio Ocoa" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Rio Ocoa</location>
|
||
; minimumElevationInMeters: 100; maximumElevationInMeters: 100; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">D. Forero</determinerName>
|
||
; dateIdentified: 2008; Event: samplingProtocol:
|
||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">none specified</collectingMethod>
|
||
; eventDate:
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" value="1945-05-20">1945-05-20</collectingDate>
|
||
; habitat: selva; Record Level: modified: 2015-04-14; language: en; institutionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">ICN</collectionCode>
|
||
; collectionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Entomology</collectionCode>
|
||
; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1954-09-23" collectingMethod="none specified" collectionCode="AMNH, Entomology" collectorName="E. L. Schlinger & E. S. Ross" country="Peru" location="Tingo Maria, Monzon Valley" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||
Type status:
|
||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Other material</typeStatus>
|
||
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
|
||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">E.L. Schlinger & E.S. Ross</collectorName>
|
||
; individualCount:
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">1</specimenCount>
|
||
; sex:
|
||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">male</specimenType>
|
||
; lifeStage:
|
||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">adult</specimenType>
|
||
; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:organismnames.com:name:4352608; scientificName: Aristathlusimperatorius Bergroth, 1913; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family: Reduviidae; genus: Aristathlus; specificEpithet: imperatorius; scientificNameAuthorship: Bergroth, 1913; Location: country:
|
||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
; countryCode: PE; stateProvince: Huanuco; locality:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F496D7DFDCF9D19C7E8B2D2AFD98D369:9246E55C29273586E60C9BA4B04D8DAB" country="Peru" name="Tingo Maria, Monzon Valley" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
|
||
Tingo
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
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||
,
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Monzón">Monzon</normalizedToken>
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||
Valley
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||
</location>
|
||
; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">P. Wygodzsinky</determinerName>
|
||
; Event: samplingProtocol:
|
||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">none specified</collectingMethod>
|
||
; eventDate:
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" value="1954-09-23">1954-09-23</collectingDate>
|
||
; Record Level: modified: 2015-04-14; language: en; institutionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
; collectionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Entomology</collectionCode>
|
||
; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" type="taxon discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">Taxon discussion</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
|
||
Given that
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perty’s">Perty's</normalizedToken>
|
||
type specimen is lost, we base our conclusions on Perty's original description and illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. iopterus" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" rank="species" species="iopterus">R. iopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Perty, M." journalOrPublisher="Frid. Fleischer, Muenchen" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" title="Delectus animalium articulatorum, quae in intinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX, jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi 1. Bavariae regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martius. Digessit descripsit, pingenda curativ Dr. Maximilianus Perty praefatus est et edidit Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martius." year="1834">Perty 1834</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (Fig. 1). We also examined several specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. imperatorius" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" rank="species" species="imperatorius">A. imperatorius</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 2,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gil-Santana, H. R." journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" pagination="59 - 68" title="New records of Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Brazil" volume="1390" year="2007">Gil-Santana 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forero, D." journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" title="Advances in Heteroptera Research. Festschrift in Honour of 80 th Anniversary of Michail Josifov." year="2008">Forero et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The examined material is deposited in the following institutions: American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA (AMNH), Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Colombia (ICN), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ). From our examination of the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. imperatorius" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" rank="species" species="imperatorius">A. imperatorius</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we conclude that this species is a junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Reduvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reduvius iopterus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iopterus">Reduvius iopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
|
||
Both
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Perty, M." journalOrPublisher="Frid. Fleischer, Muenchen" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" title="Delectus animalium articulatorum, quae in intinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX, jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi 1. Bavariae regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martius. Digessit descripsit, pingenda curativ Dr. Maximilianus Perty praefatus est et edidit Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martius." year="1834">Perty (1834)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bergroth, E." journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" pagination="240 - 242" title="A new Neotropical genus of Reduviidae." volume="57" year="1913">Bergroth (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described or illustrated the same color pattern and body structure for both
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. iopterus" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" rank="species" species="iopterus">R. iopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. imperatorius" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" rank="species" species="imperatorius">A. imperatorius</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The main congruent aspects are the pale or yellowish U-like pattern on the dark posterior lobe of the pronotum, the yellow scutellum, the dark hemelytra, the metallic colored hemelytral membrane, and the swollen mesofemur (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forero, D." journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" title="Advances in Heteroptera Research. Festschrift in Honour of 80 th Anniversary of Michail Josifov." year="2008">Forero et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (Figs 1, 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
|
||
There is no doubt that a synonymic proposal would be better based on the examination of the type specimens of the taxa involved. However, the identities of the known species in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Aristathlus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aristathlus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aristathlus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not in dispute, even though
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bergroth’s">Bergroth's</normalizedToken>
|
||
type specimens for both species have not been located and may be lost (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forero, D." journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" title="Advances in Heteroptera Research. Festschrift in Honour of 80 th Anniversary of Michail Josifov." year="2008">Forero et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
|
||
Neotype designations have to be done carefully (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Winston, J. E." journalOrPublisher="Columbia University Press, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" title="Describing species: practical taxonomic procedure for biologists" year="1999">Winston 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Article 75 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="ICZN," journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) clearly states that if there is no complex problem to be resolved (such as the identity of a taxon), there should not be any neotype designations (Article 75.2). Because the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Aristathlus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aristathlus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aristathlus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is not in dispute, we therefore refrain from designating such neotypes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5152">
|
||
The taxonomic revision was carried out by accurately examining the differences between male gentalia of the two species involved. These differences are congruent with the color patterns exhibited by each of the species. Therefore, color pattern is an accurate way of identifying species in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Aristathlus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aristathlus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aristathlus</taxonomicName>
|
||
even when no other morphological data are available, which is the situation faced here. As far as we are aware, there are no species of Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" rank="tribe" tribe="Harpactorini">Harpactorini</taxonomicName>
|
||
that could be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. iopterus" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" rank="species" species="iopterus">R. iopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. imperatorius" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" rank="species" species="imperatorius">A. imperatorius</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based either on the coloration pattern or on the body and leg structure.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Reduvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reduvius iopterus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iopterus">Reduvius iopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be confused with the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Aristathlus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aristathlus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aristathlus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. regalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" rank="species" species="regalis">A. regalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since it is easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. iopterus" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" rank="species" species="iopterus">R. iopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. imperatorius" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" rank="species" species="imperatorius">A. imperatorius</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its conspicuous yellow markings, including a transverse yellow band on the corium (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forero, D." journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="5152" title="Advances in Heteroptera Research. Festschrift in Honour of 80 th Anniversary of Michail Josifov." year="2008">Forero et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We regard the evidence presented sufficient to warrant the synonym proposed here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |