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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1196-177" ID-Pensoft-UUID="14134BBB9A435A4088CCFC53DC50430B" ID-ZooBank="D10E0EA016D742B983D93871CBF06FE1" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1196-177" checkinTime="1711447963048" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nastasi, Louis F., Buffington, Matthew L., Davis, Charles K. &amp; Deans, Andrew R." docDate="2024" docId="F3875393548652E8A5E041E7FD45E6D4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1196: 177-207" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1196" docPubDate="2024-03-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460" docTitle="Synergus Hartig 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="14134BBB9A435A4088CCFC53DC50430B" lastPageNumber="177" masterDocId="14134BBB9A435A4088CCFC53DC50430B" masterDocTitle="Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato)" masterLastPageNumber="207" masterPageNumber="177" pageNumber="177" updateTime="1711447963048" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="5D114581B11936950767C410AC89AFE3">Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9BE49D12B0166B940E01705E3A053D38">Nastasi, Louis F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F50B9841481B4F88256BD9C6F61FAF3C" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-480X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="37A26CD268EDC54665EF319C368BECF9">Frost Entomological Museum, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Science &amp; Industries Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="136EB927DDB14B2F1BFF6942229AF2CA">Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EA6820932BF4A207AA206248FD6B9DD7" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-3861</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="8C3AE9FC3D67272648161C81E3474EC8">Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC, 20013, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5302A96630D6847E146D95BDF7D79A05">Davis, Charles K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1F7D97438DA6AE3BE80DD00E2597F42F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6056-3903</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="8A25EE7801765F14D79CC2C052A061AA">Frost Entomological Museum, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Science &amp; Industries Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B40F512BCF36C55EC08C74B304755ED8">Deans, Andrew R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="44D1B7E7DED499FB33F2071DFAD575F3" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-4663</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5CC92F8BA2DEB8C35CBCE64F3002018B">Frost Entomological Museum, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Science &amp; Industries Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="D5DEA98C0C44840B8AC37F65523A9D0C">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BB64DC6772674FFC7FAD2EA3DCEF9625">2024-03-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1BB461AECEBAF0BFF5EE4BF1ADE5024C">1196</mods:number>
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<subSection id="4F6AD47C9E67EA38E38F143B07CA07DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="results">
<treatment id="F3875393548652E8A5E041E7FD45E6D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F3875393548652E8A5E041E7FD45E6D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3875393548652E8A5E041E7FD45E6D4" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<subSubSection id="BECB7DA606D1F69373246B0371101CBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AEDD028B680D37E98AE1D545BA0826D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="6003EB6581B856EBD157E1BB91457418" ID-CoL="87KVK" ID-ENA="167038" LSID="F3875393-5486-52E8-A5E0-41E7FD45E6D4" authority="Hartig, 1840 (Synergini)" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Synergus Hartig, 1840 (Synergini)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="942ADFB3E377BE21099F0A16764D13E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="description">
<paragraph id="129F9515DAE94988CFDF2881D8858A45" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<figureCitation id="82724B2BFE1ECDCF7EECA5AA1A9C7439" captionStart="Figures 83–86" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 83 - 86. 83 Synergus sp., lateral view (PSUC _ FEM 000079457) 84 Synergus incisus, dorsal view (USNMENT 01231859) 85 Synergus lignicola, anterior view (USNMENT 01448497) 86 Synergus sp., metasoma, lateral view (USNMENT 01231858)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460.figures83-86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1009583" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Figs 83-86</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E80CBCE45689A85377445D274704C61" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="type species">
<paragraph id="74DA5DC101951C00D23865A9141B7851" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="117C87B7182E6C3C7460310157B5CFCD" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="FF66A38D824C1CE36011A5E8D1562FA4" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus vulgaris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="4F57C255183F0EB87518EE4B327FCE4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hartig, 1840.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D18F3A86709A5D90A512B30BE143003" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="87B9C3BDD8606E7ED96D7CBF8B70F60A" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A6DD8DF410ECAE23AE06C324F36B9737" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
Pronotum tall and broad dorsomedially. Pronotal submedial pits distinct and well-impressed. Pronotal plate present but mostly indistinct. Mesoscutellar foveae usually distinct. Fore wing always with marginal cell closed (apparently only partly closed in
<taxonomicName id="B9E7874F4B4A8320A9E581DD9DB96276" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus mexicanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="EE9EC8C5AAA25C438EC324DD53363773" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gillette, 1896; see
<bibRefCitation id="C87FA631D41ED92455953A793AA29707" author="Pujade-Villar, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulleti de la Institucio Catalana d'Historia Natural" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="145 - 148" refId="B20" refString="Pujade-Villar, J, Serrano-Munoz, M, Villecas-Guzman, GA, Roca-Cusachs, M, 2015. Synergus mexicanus Gillette, 1896: a species that increases the generic conflict (Hym., Cynipidae: Synergini). Bulleti de la Institucio Catalana d'Historia Natural 79: 145 - 148" title="Synergus mexicanus Gillette, 1896: a species that increases the generic conflict (Hym., Cynipidae: Synergini)." volume="79" year="2015">Pujade-Villar et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
). Metatarsal claws with or without basal lobe. Metasoma with syntergite, with second and third tergites entirely fused, greatly enlarged, and occupying most of metasoma. Body generally strongly sculptured.
</paragraph>
<caption id="805DE39CF521B8A2CB00D4D7CD4E6C5E" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460.figures83-86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1009583" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" start="Figures 83–86" startId="F20">
<paragraph id="32BD7DC9CB99A04214D4544358FAAE84" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="16DA15D157B2E7E202CDDBB1CEB4064D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Figures 83-86.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="84A9DC8F0B2C6B454B2C5A1826DA27E2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">83</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3777BCD12F820B714F131B9DBD3C1282" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D72C9C52F9789C3330C3C9C873D675F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000079457)
<emphasis id="C48CB8F337556A8491824667CA3D7707" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">84</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ACB24DDA1242687AB30111C2BAB781E6" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus incisus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisus">
<emphasis id="7E3156538F769BA237EFA5508CFC619A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus incisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view (USNMENT01231859)
<emphasis id="3C06B3C34850EE72CA1FE84CC511A459" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">85</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6B3417BA25F5885E70C747D04C2452A0" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus lignicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lignicola">
<emphasis id="8BAE746BCDA3F9CF70A6E1C996C35A5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus lignicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, anterior view (USNMENT01448497)
<emphasis id="3D76FD98F62D4F932BFFDFD12712FE41" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">86</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="533A9ED240FEBB7B1E096D731EAC4402" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="881C2911A53D3BEA02553185DF389E7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., metasoma, lateral view (USNMENT01231858).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="070351A4E5B07207CC989DCE3D904242" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="notes">
<paragraph id="63E75E4EFBACA89E2187D91F2D401C52" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00C123967455299496B11865E88D5AA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
Sixty-one species of
<taxonomicName id="C221CBEE735DC8BE7A84ED3A78B9796B" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="757737BBF3F3A103F366A23B7F295938" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known from North America (
<bibRefCitation id="AD7541D2ADF8712598FA19A207197E2F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" author="Nastasi, LF" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" refId="B15" refString="Nastasi, LF, Deans, AR, 2021. Catalogue of rose gall, herb gall, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e68558. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" title="Catalogue of rose gall, herb gall, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e 68558." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" year="2021">Nastasi and Deans 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Members of
<taxonomicName id="9FD6CA1409C78E5E2609CC8FA574D428" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E54BE69BE8EE77E467309688B69A845E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hartig are inquilines of galls induced by
<taxonomicName id="68773690BE03FEA0678B810C3C97E0AF" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynipini">Cynipini</taxonomicName>
on oaks (
<bibRefCitation id="3B21B52464A29F538358435E293D76F6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa003" author="Buffington, ML" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination=": 1" refId="B4" refString="Buffington, ML, Forshage, M, Liljeblad, J, Tang, CT, van Noort, S, 2020. World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A key to higher-level groups. Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (4): 1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa003" title="World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A key to higher-level groups." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa003" volume="4" year="2020">Buffington et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="08848B19F0EE5D344B69B5CF30A8F49C" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="454E86A9B5A37D4F4299C4BE93A06D55" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are extremely commonly reared and are known in association with hundreds of oak gall wasps (
<bibRefCitation id="B536C204AC76D50E90F92A36FDD1E40F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" author="Nastasi, LF" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" refId="B15" refString="Nastasi, LF, Deans, AR, 2021. Catalogue of rose gall, herb gall, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e68558. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" title="Catalogue of rose gall, herb gall, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e 68558." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" year="2021">Nastasi and Deans 2021</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B0A506F4183ED7CE27967DF69E0881D3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.04.26.489445" author="Ward, AK" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" refId="B24" refString="Ward, AK, Busbee, RW, Chen, RA, Davis, CK, Driscoe, AL, Egan, SP, Goldberg, BAR, Hood, GR, Jones, DG, Kranz, AJ, Meadely-Dunphy, SA, Milks, AK, Ott, JR, Prior, KM, Shiekh, SI, Shzu, S, Weinersmith, KL, Zhang, L, Zhang, YM, Forbes, AA, 2022. The arthropod associates of 155 North American cynipid oak galls. Zoological Studies (Taipei, Taiwan) 61: e57. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.04.26.489445" title="The arthropod associates of 155 North American cynipid oak galls. Zoological Studies (Taipei, Taiwan) 61: e 57." url="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.04.26.489445" year="2022">Ward et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="27AC9F7D8E1AA5906629FBB7D61CE42E" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688A0B1A9B6CD203C7AD652E984641C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is demonstrably polyphyletic, with North American taxa forming as many as three independent clades and many undescribed species exist (
<bibRefCitation id="134B7D49B74E4E7AA17C15148FD16365" author="Penzes, Z" journalOrPublisher="TISCIA monograph series" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 76" refId="B19" refString="Penzes, Z, Tang, CT, Bihari, P, Bozso, M, Schweger, S, Melika, G, 2012. Oak associated inquilines (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini). TISCIA monograph series 11: 1 - 76" title="Oak associated inquilines (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)." volume="11" year="2012">
<normalizedToken id="2C8E46F9BB4B8F04ECF2477CCDFBE3B0" originalValue="Pénzes">Penzes</normalizedToken>
et al. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="553517D23F4E1C5A8E339E4B86C9AF2D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" author="Lobato-Vila, I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 121" refId="B10" refString="Lobato-Vila, I, Pujade-Villar, J, 2021. The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species. Zootaxa 4906 (1): 1 - 121, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" title="The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" volume="4906" year="2021">Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar 2021</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C17798E06026D6C2509D61957ACC3DDB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085" author="Lobato-Vila, I" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="1338 - 1354" refId="B11" refString="Lobato-Vila, I, Bae, J, Roca-Cusachs, M, Kang, M, Jung, S, Melika, G, Penzes, Z, Pujade-Villar, J, 2022. Global phylogeny of the inquilinous gall wasp tribe Synergini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae): first insights and establishment of a new cynipid tribe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195 (4): 1338 - 1354, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085" title="Global phylogeny of the inquilinous gall wasp tribe Synergini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae): first insights and establishment of a new cynipid tribe." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085" volume="195" year="2022">Lobato-Vila et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
), meaning a great deal of revisionary work will be needed to resolve major questions within the genus and better understand its diversity.
</paragraph>
<caption id="664E6E893EE82F1D899C6DE1421B4EB7" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460.figures87-95" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1009584" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" start="Figures 87–95" startId="F21">
<paragraph id="70CFA03E24553A81C200EC4C21774C8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="AB86D83AC968DAF0B5519AF167E5C1D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Figures 87-95.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0B30D0914DD2D506B827328670D25ABC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">87</emphasis>
galls of
<taxonomicName id="C7270375D9F650196DA9FFECF5CD7768" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Antistrophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antistrophus pisum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisum">
<emphasis id="6E37D8D3E1BBF033FDBB8E92AEB504FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Antistrophus pisum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on stem of
<taxonomicName id="80073F99CFD2BA678B2E521BE95917A4" class="Equisetopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lygodesmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lygodesmia juncea" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
<emphasis id="8154BC0274978B1427D5BA876F180975" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Lygodesmia juncea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="8243AB1EAB07D50882460163D91BABDE" class="Equisetopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="9D268A9A21B87413B40A4C8B1B9B4221" class="Equisetopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Cichorieae">Cichorieae</taxonomicName>
), photographed by Chris Friesen (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/95588437)
<emphasis id="3E529A2553A20508A74BE829D17CB982" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">88</emphasis>
galls of
<taxonomicName id="6871FFBCCEC699BEA5683A2209D9A4A2" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Antistrophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antistrophus rufus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufus">
<emphasis id="AB30F639F876AA9DA3A1DF4DBEFF78D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Antistrophus rufus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in dissected stem of
<taxonomicName id="772C850E930B5930674D4DC7970A1DDB" class="Equisetopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silphium laciniatum" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="laciniatum">
<emphasis id="CA5F020470E97F272DD68291D3810155" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Silphium laciniatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="2307F07AD9C7B13CEDF1088D772D02AB" class="Equisetopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
: Heliantheae), photographed by Andy Deans (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64708490)
<emphasis id="0AFF7FFD8D04BFABAFB57F3C7ACBECCD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">89</emphasis>
gall of
<taxonomicName id="AEC999D9502BEB63CF5B48DB5D8360CE" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Antistrophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antistrophus silphii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silphii">
<emphasis id="57AD89CBC0532C586569D723AA0D60F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Antistrophus silphii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on apical stem of
<taxonomicName id="2AEDFBA72C716F9206FC20A2F71B5CE4" class="Equisetopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silphium integrifolium" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="integrifolium">
<emphasis id="D59F3439012913179A6E1FC63D964083" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Silphium integrifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="45958EF15678503CD127847DE0112AE6" class="Equisetopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
: Heliantheae), photographed by Andy Deans (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64708191)
<emphasis id="41C9B4EE82822EC6A289E821145F3843" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">90</emphasis>
galls of
<taxonomicName id="AF802CF3FAAC5E6F2E8E2D26BB8A591D" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Diplolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplolepis polita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polita">
<emphasis id="8ED07FBF7CA82F554A1F0AA681418CF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Diplolepis polita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on leaves of
<taxonomicName id="0301A7928A5410810C417D7376DD4604" class="Dicotyledones" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rosa" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F8B55F77C031C188C9B8289625FC407B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Rosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="B8974315FA7EB50737C242C3BAE7E800" class="Dicotyledones" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
: Roseae), photographed by Garth Harwood (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/165442438)
<emphasis id="D97A6C1D5187902589B2D335B73D9EAA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">91</emphasis>
gall of
<taxonomicName id="9E5E1414214AF71FEA851BD00F5B66BF" authorityName="Stancheva &amp; Manoylov" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Diplolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplolepis californica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="BE86B59D98ADA30D97B7CE4D8A4029E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Diplolepis californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="A59AA336F6AE1C8361B89CFC0DBBFAA7" class="Dicotyledones" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rosa" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4BE2C331E5BC4FAAC820D50C3BFF57AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Rosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="E915C92DE3DC0CB42CFB59983BA4D78E" class="Dicotyledones" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
: Roseae), photographed by Mary K. Hanson (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/115655737)
<emphasis id="49AF18DC532F70576831203131B784A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">92</emphasis>
gall of
<taxonomicName id="A663313D4B4289FA97A8CF000D4E6615" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Diastrophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diastrophus potentillae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potentillae">
<emphasis id="AA8BE2BFD5DB6B2EB17D7D2000DDA38D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Diastrophus potentillae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="0A2B68A9AC7E95FD55254AFB614D90A2" class="Dicotyledones" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Potentilla simplex" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="1E041B6E87C1AC3658882A8136E59AEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Potentilla simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="0BD7954346B04075C43E20A297FF0046" class="Dicotyledones" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
: Potentilleae), photographed by Tom Murray (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134669544)
<emphasis id="1FB2F7728D3970FE003554AB7DC495BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">93</emphasis>
gall of
<taxonomicName id="075E767335C03957EC2221AEB7304A14" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Diastrophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diastrophus nebulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosus">
<emphasis id="D889A580E58C0D6243205C58EA91A65B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Diastrophus nebulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on stem of
<taxonomicName id="585758F5D2CF295930CB126457648EB9" class="Dicotyledones" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rubus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9C0CBD3B3AD5FAEEB44C6E9C47BC4EAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="5795E97F3F56C7AB2D338F801F41EF09" class="Dicotyledones" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
: Rubeae), photographed by Pam Curtin (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174007397)
<emphasis id="9CB4DCE8899E558408CC0926CEB41389" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">94</emphasis>
galls of
<taxonomicName id="BF5FD4D2AB6949FD18C3B720CA63F947" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Diastrophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diastrophus kincaidii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
<emphasis id="8D7C21E844F414C09695001238073AAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Diastrophus kincaidii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on stems of
<taxonomicName id="AFECE0BE4A93BE561956CB53B90506F1" class="Dicotyledones" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rubus parviflorus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="parviflorus">
<emphasis id="B686CFDA91B6EF780287A4ACE62854EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Rubus parviflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="BB6BD55B582AE2375BA1AB82C0617AF3" class="Dicotyledones" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
: Rubeae), photographed by Adam Heikkila (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/173314109)
<emphasis id="9F155E180FFF604F5B9BFB77E064425A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">95</emphasis>
galls of
<taxonomicName id="4783A772507CD45B4E6B86B28B132F34" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanacis taraxaci" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taraxaci">
<emphasis id="78F27DECBC800694BCAD81E05C68A1C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Phanacis taraxaci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on petiole of
<taxonomicName id="36BE091AA0F3BAE16998C3EA190E9097" class="Equisetopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Taraxacum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Taraxacum officinale" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="officinale">
<emphasis id="4A33A0C53B9FA460191A37B296BCB042" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Taraxacum officinale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="776514B39378EF64CEF568587E576879" class="Equisetopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="455D7E28B8B45CB37729394A06F84857" class="Equisetopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Cichorieae">Cichorieae</taxonomicName>
), photographed by Nathan Earley (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174118397).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A1F3F9894D0282F440B667D1F8CC7E9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="3F7E9BE6E7DF19BD972C3AF6E5D974F6" authorityName="Dalla Torre &amp; Kieffer" authorityYear="1910" class="Hexapoda" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saphonecrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CCC51CED15CA05C75033DD7824A618E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Saphonecrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dalla Torre &amp; Kieffer (Tribe
<taxonomicName id="0A3C222B210593423D72910731A70B94" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="tribe" tribe="Synergini">Synergini</taxonomicName>
) has long been considered present in North America, but recent taxonomic work refutes this idea.
<bibRefCitation id="D48A3CE63F9ABBBAFEB3641BEA4F337A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" author="Nastasi, LF" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" refId="B15" refString="Nastasi, LF, Deans, AR, 2021. Catalogue of rose gall, herb gall, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e68558. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" title="Catalogue of rose gall, herb gall, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e 68558." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" year="2021">Nastasi and Deans (2021)</bibRefCitation>
reported two species:
<taxonomicName id="B9608EF7534346DFB5D2BCD245B0C3FD" lsidName="S. favanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="favanus">
<emphasis id="479B5347D8C21B2515B2221BE1CABA99" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">S. favanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Weld and
<taxonomicName id="FC1A653146935532D1FF060AB731C45F" lsidName="S. gemmariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="gemmariae">
<emphasis id="8D0E580EC25E3571D520E58BB62C632C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">S. gemmariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ashmead).
<taxonomicName id="AE8DE36BCA0A69F0E89C5A8A2B337235" class="Hexapoda" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saphonecrus gemmariae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmariae">
<emphasis id="BEE2BF83826D188D7AE62155DA36B939" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Saphonecrus gemmariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported in error as the species was considered incertae sedis by
<bibRefCitation id="8AF338BB57484FA6CB97A608924ED0C1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085" author="Lobato-Vila, I" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="1338 - 1354" refId="B11" refString="Lobato-Vila, I, Bae, J, Roca-Cusachs, M, Kang, M, Jung, S, Melika, G, Penzes, Z, Pujade-Villar, J, 2022. Global phylogeny of the inquilinous gall wasp tribe Synergini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae): first insights and establishment of a new cynipid tribe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195 (4): 1338 - 1354, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085" title="Global phylogeny of the inquilinous gall wasp tribe Synergini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae): first insights and establishment of a new cynipid tribe." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085" volume="195" year="2022">Lobato-Vila et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
due to missing type material which was supposedly deposited in the National Museum of Natural History (USA, D.C.). Upon our own examination of the USNM collection, we were unable to locate the relevant type material. Similarly, the status of
<taxonomicName id="E29032CDA898D5BF3BDDA492F5417414" lsidName="S. favanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="favanus">
<emphasis id="D915D2EE9F19CD97D6AE593DEFC1F211" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">S. favanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also questionable (
<bibRefCitation id="1E1FF629B8ADD2ED3897FD2ACB2CB2B0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00482.x" author="Penzes, Z" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="688 - 711" refId="B18" refString="Penzes, Z, Melika, G, Bozsoki, Z, Bihari, P, Miko, I, Tavakoli, M, Pujade-Villar, J, Feher, B, Fueloep, D, Szabo, K, Bozso, M, Sipos, B, Somogyi, K, Stone, GN, 2009. Systematic re-appraisal of the gall-usurping wasp genus Synophrus Hartig, 1843 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini). Systematic Entomology 34 (4): 688 - 711, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00482.x" title="Systematic re-appraisal of the gall-usurping wasp genus Synophrus Hartig, 1843 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00482.x" volume="34" year="2009">
<normalizedToken id="5E50A938D529C31CDE9BE213EABE7299" originalValue="Pénzes">Penzes</normalizedToken>
et al. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5BE374598B645EAF6B7E67D407858D4A" author="Penzes, Z" journalOrPublisher="TISCIA monograph series" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 76" refId="B19" refString="Penzes, Z, Tang, CT, Bihari, P, Bozso, M, Schweger, S, Melika, G, 2012. Oak associated inquilines (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini). TISCIA monograph series 11: 1 - 76" title="Oak associated inquilines (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)." volume="11" year="2012">
<normalizedToken id="ADF66730461136DD3AF4C00A86AD2CDF" originalValue="Pénzes">Penzes</normalizedToken>
et al. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7271BC5BB4728196F7C23D5E6D9AB874" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" author="Lobato-Vila, I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 121" refId="B10" refString="Lobato-Vila, I, Pujade-Villar, J, 2021. The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species. Zootaxa 4906 (1): 1 - 121, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" title="The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" volume="4906" year="2021">Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar 2021</bibRefCitation>
); this species may represent a new genus distinct from other
<taxonomicName id="6BD9E302557A02DAFEC28CD633590754" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="tribe" tribe="Synergini">Synergini</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0F65C1F3CD8801D44A23561CEB6139A2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085" author="Lobato-Vila, I" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="1338 - 1354" refId="B11" refString="Lobato-Vila, I, Bae, J, Roca-Cusachs, M, Kang, M, Jung, S, Melika, G, Penzes, Z, Pujade-Villar, J, 2022. Global phylogeny of the inquilinous gall wasp tribe Synergini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae): first insights and establishment of a new cynipid tribe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195 (4): 1338 - 1354, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085" title="Global phylogeny of the inquilinous gall wasp tribe Synergini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae): first insights and establishment of a new cynipid tribe." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085" volume="195" year="2022">Lobato-Vila et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
). As such, we consider the presence of
<taxonomicName id="0BB305F3CADFE657AB3FB7D87F2FD2F5" authorityName="Dalla Torre &amp; Kieffer" authorityYear="1910" class="Hexapoda" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saphonecrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF27EE2CCF1FFAA7C8CFDD010B498826" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Saphonecrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in North America doubtful and have omitted
<taxonomicName id="4E7A82C2D1570AC53F45561D022471D2" authorityName="Dalla Torre &amp; Kieffer" authorityYear="1910" class="Hexapoda" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saphonecrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="60E349B2F293A6275E0922CD46D7078B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Saphonecrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the above key. We have examined type material of
<taxonomicName id="A18ACBEC1567503712C0180B94EE73BF" lsidName="S. favanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="favanus">
<emphasis id="C96682246E19099EAF386FDEAE3ADA44" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">S. favanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
deposited in USNM (specimen # USNMENT960420 and three additional individuals) and found that in the key to genera, the specimens key to
<taxonomicName id="69FA20E88D9E98E7625D0D087F32D19B" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9556F3B50EA6AE47F054E35157AC5964" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, bearing no strong distinction from this genus. The taxonomy of the tribe
<taxonomicName id="7AF09CAF11F1B9E20E8FEE0370A01379" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="tribe" tribe="Synergini">Synergini</taxonomicName>
as a whole is currently uncertain, and ongoing efforts to revise it will likely result in a stronger understanding of the North American fauna (
<bibRefCitation id="6554DB82EDEE0927FFAF494D20376879" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085" author="Lobato-Vila, I" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="1338 - 1354" refId="B11" refString="Lobato-Vila, I, Bae, J, Roca-Cusachs, M, Kang, M, Jung, S, Melika, G, Penzes, Z, Pujade-Villar, J, 2022. Global phylogeny of the inquilinous gall wasp tribe Synergini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae): first insights and establishment of a new cynipid tribe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195 (4): 1338 - 1354, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085" title="Global phylogeny of the inquilinous gall wasp tribe Synergini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae): first insights and establishment of a new cynipid tribe." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085" volume="195" year="2022">Lobato-Vila et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F92FD3700170D66615426C12D788D0FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="north american species (nastasi and deans 2021)">
<paragraph id="7CEB7F78201DF6169CAB20B276B5D74B" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">North American species (Nastasi and Deans 2021):</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B5674E77537A8688400F45A266B1585" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
1.
<taxonomicName id="13644A6DDC64B484B62C5D46566B8054" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus agrifoliae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agrifoliae">
<emphasis id="0D5088D8DB84DAAC816ED502AF19460B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus agrifoliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ashmead, 1896
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D74E0CF33E6B9DAB0E6CB63A140145B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
2.
<taxonomicName id="60B149BA25B65FF1FD360D97DAD89774" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus ashmeadi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="F6EBAB10F0400C5377A0C7DA83D95C92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus ashmeadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2021
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BEEC9E75DB74618619F1C774134739BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
3.
<taxonomicName id="07B0BAE3F94166E8F223CADCAE03CE42" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus aurofacies" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurofacies">
<emphasis id="D271961ADC5252661174202EBDF1E101" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus aurofacies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2020
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C38B7AE5E4FE9AC00208A09C8A91F704" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
4.
<taxonomicName id="645567F3D686E7662ADC6B8262C016ED" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus atra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="495D2EA31031350A01D65687A400DB7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus atra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gillette, 1896
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C1178B2A078FF40879E83988B4D30F42" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
5.
<taxonomicName id="CA90ED736A4D8E425806535972FECEF3" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus atripennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripennis">
<emphasis id="D69EFD196DDB94DC6E19EEF44BF9DC07" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus atripennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ashmead, 1896
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="840D8E36E1185CCDC12CF624F77198DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
6.
<taxonomicName id="0902567EA54E479A77215FE895A1ADE6" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus atripes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripes">
<emphasis id="37387D930064D2F126C50993AB24546F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus atripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gillette, 1896
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EBD21DF303A64107E4F5C11188181F3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
7.
<taxonomicName id="86100EF3DFBBDF147B715987A239DE42" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus batatoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batatoides">
<emphasis id="A117E7416A7CE499A2F96BC3B0F02180" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus batatoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ashmead, 1885
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1153C53A7048A875DA2366DDAB26D092" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
8.
<taxonomicName id="3DC162C80F0D80E370C33083A5B90E5A" authorityName="McCracken &amp; Egbert" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus bellus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellus">
<emphasis id="8B58A85D03F51FA2D211EB0A6E70E97A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus bellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
McCracken &amp; Egbert, 1922
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A147CA2274C4AFD315FC3CD818BE01B" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
9.
<taxonomicName id="A7101CFE6DDDF9BE9F3C1CC58982C8C2" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus beutenmulleri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beutenmulleri">
<emphasis id="CB5306AFF0F610FD13B049E382988ED4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus beutenmulleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2021
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7816B754DD63CD14820D1D7CB3384CC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
10.
<taxonomicName id="2F99FBC877B7893F23E3CDC914646CB0" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus brevicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="AA335014F7693D094A6D0607E1A3178B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus brevicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ashmead, 1896
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5742C4457F53847D6D6510DB4170FDA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
11.
<taxonomicName id="8CD09AC7C52A175AC58D37E51B66B044" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="5EDFC9A279BA3DE509A64EDB942C12AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ashmead, 1885
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E145AB73F03B5AAB474CD444729E6E8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
12.
<taxonomicName id="9A2627872692A2E48A4833166E76AFA2" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus campanula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanula">
<emphasis id="08861745C818518953595A2338D5B6C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus campanula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Osten Sacken, 1865
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D101DA0F58A29F9E069F2CAE1784F921" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
13.
<taxonomicName id="DBD3AF8F5641CC4CB58F0EE86B532D5D" baseAuthorityName="Beutenmuller" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus castanopsidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanopsidis">
<emphasis id="DE19290AEBB00E8C36F79421E9A8AD9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus castanopsidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="E0B21AAF7B07E92605706871EB90051A" originalValue="Beutenmüller">Beutenmueller</normalizedToken>
, 1918)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86F8E3A96ECCE50B1B195C435FE11ECC" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
14.
<taxonomicName id="06151AB6BD23750F63C5762D2759D198" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus cibriani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cibriani">
<emphasis id="C769D668299DA3D5E681B7B2A473C1DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus cibriani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2017
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="707459D45B08471D2B037FD012E61A72" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
15.
<taxonomicName id="1931EF9C0EF48985EBCF7C86CEF4E6D7" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus citriformis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citriformis">
<emphasis id="FCDA332ABD8BBC9C8388B2267BCC6E49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus citriformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ashmead, 1885)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B323ECE3CFADD2D874247E3460E6930" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
16.
<taxonomicName id="BA81D358F59B30018BCB770C2FED4C75" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus compressus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compressus">
<emphasis id="9AC254EEB643DF7CF9BE55D4A48C9D30" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus compressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2021
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BFD9E31EE1176A305894B9819B45EB08" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
17.
<taxonomicName id="734950D89D58C57BAA3A508961D4181F" authorityName="McCracken &amp; Egbert" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus confertus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confertus">
<emphasis id="4DF8B344709CE474B93D45B1E9E3C208" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus confertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
McCracken &amp; Egbert, 1922
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="65951141E7CCC9C124FDA9D1A561B58D" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
18.
<taxonomicName id="663BD782B5C3452C21176116262FA8E0" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus coniferae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coniferae">
<emphasis id="5F2087DEE784EB2606BD33603058D717" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus coniferae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ashmead, 1885
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="018945CF7A07040C50AEF7245058B3E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
19.
<taxonomicName id="DCD40BF765D5F5D69CBD7008E846BF9B" authorityName="McCracken &amp; Egbert" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus digressus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digressus">
<emphasis id="6AB79769F22B0FA1E44C80907653B2DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus digressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
McCracken &amp; Egbert, 1922
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1CF755B3A92B67EFA9F4193210C4B8AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
20.
<taxonomicName id="C5F27930C3747CA314866E8F3AA189F3" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus dimorphus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphus">
<emphasis id="03F897029379F98D494A93982F0B99FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus dimorphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Osten Sacken, 1865
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D5E4F5DC2908824E3FA81802C92B786" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
21.
<taxonomicName id="DF626B33993FC2D2C78FA8644E946E03" authorityName="McCracken &amp; Egbert" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus distinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctus">
<emphasis id="5913F54FB053468D7CBEB69DEAEEEBF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus distinctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
McCracken &amp; Egbert, 1922
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="41D8970E31267D4D20616C32A4FD758F" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
22.
<taxonomicName id="CC3A402BA78F70AAF40F9F6B2878CE6E" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus diversicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversicolor">
<emphasis id="AF4A29B4DC62BE20E94127BFFEE64983" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus diversicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2021
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4981399E01D75C1A4C0230D8281C20C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
23.
<taxonomicName id="CA36C79F17ED1D4FB41D862B4166EFA1" baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus dorsalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="35FACF416F623261AE11181542079DBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Provancher, 1888)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7EBD3468C1BD640A1F5AD9E3F6B5E83D" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
24.
<taxonomicName id="107F5B068C75B88A06E25477DD8DA04F" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus duricorius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duricorius">
<emphasis id="3FA2BC31BF22EE64851CB67407900376" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus duricorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gillette, 1896
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9391FC2A3755085F0771C8D6D919DFB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
25.
<taxonomicName id="2287360C0EDA209B1192C0BF9C7F4889" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus ebenus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ebenus">
<emphasis id="685FFA282CBE981D51F90A46314B9A0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus ebenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2021
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5371E0146A2C9A4D18417471143432DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
26.
<taxonomicName id="89DA382D250F4B930FA2FFCBAF128BEB" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus equihuai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="equihuai">
<emphasis id="9184FE8BADC67901D23051F094AFFDE9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus equihuai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila, 2016
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF3A015286C8088D6DEDDD4ACE23ED5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
27.
<taxonomicName id="7A27A4867BC7E8EE3E130BE0ACABBCCC" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus erinacei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
<emphasis id="E238C59A9C4C35DC734BCF90F35D4243" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gillette, 1896
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="102B7AC06EBADDC40E4E2CAF77E76666" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
28.
<taxonomicName id="DAC7A807E94CE54E49D35B9D380CF770" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus estradae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="estradae">
<emphasis id="2D3E7E26E3131B8447836E0B75CAFB1E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus estradae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila, 2016
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF29FFA72F216475709D10BAA019AF7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
29.
<taxonomicName id="118F695B0560C79A6D8E5FFD8203DD93" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus ficigerae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigerae">
<emphasis id="345E470C0D5E4B5B6E0A6FB7ED3C1F61" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus ficigerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ashmead, 1885
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E592ABA42A0D9C6D4D4ACFED08AC3FAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
30.
<taxonomicName id="B2BF2931352A73EA775CD85B3E9093E4" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus filicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filicornis">
<emphasis id="42111AD25C103FDD084B671C206A4C71" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus filicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cameron, 1883
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D66F919797F7ADC3C4CBDCAF8257545" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
31.
<taxonomicName id="EA4884C3D4667DF1633A0A5FCF65D438" authorityName="McCracken &amp; Egbert" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus flavens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavens">
<emphasis id="7A51690FC42156A20196118F0C623DEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus flavens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
McCracken &amp; Egbert, 1922
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8EA9D6D1F506C38DF465B12F84DA71F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
32.
<taxonomicName id="0ABE3FC51747D9DC133633283CC5A092" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus forcadellae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcadellae">
<emphasis id="13CE0874A49B4A8783154AAD51831D34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus forcadellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2020
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A813A0AB4D27A6F0B23A5C78070F45EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
33.
<taxonomicName id="2EC016105AE067D9F2B4162C143C644C" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus gilletti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilletti">
<emphasis id="62DC1FA61496CDF2EA0436F5FAB3A613" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus gilletti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila, 2017
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59A25285E21A35E36A33EEAAF51957F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
34.
<taxonomicName id="419EF8BDDBEC8BADFE3D659B6AA819EE" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus grahami" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grahami">
<emphasis id="3FCD5E41E3FEC2677A87F3006B1EFE83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus grahami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2019
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="978AA7B15582A973EC8434272ACE7A55" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
35.
<taxonomicName id="1480C57E364CBF1BBDBFDF350D865D96" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus incisus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisus">
<emphasis id="DAA762AACC03DFD8D5948C228525896B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus incisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gillette, 1896
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9490FCA3593272050ECD84A703F12443" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
36.
<taxonomicName id="5D68FA68A1A3D3013B255FE465942CEC" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus laeviventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviventris">
<emphasis id="7E4D7490D68AFB656CCDC66B0B48ED05" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus laeviventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Osten Sacken, 1861)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82E7B3B4E721FE92433B2B87BF60DA98" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
37.
<taxonomicName id="9DC4238A99D26062E3B1DF9DAB1E7706" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus lignicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lignicola">
<emphasis id="1DA2CF46B5F78282CB4D3B51D236FEFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus lignicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Osten Sacken, 1862)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2FF912DE11431F8C1169EA35729EA2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
38.
<taxonomicName id="F677C2EC844FBFD38E913E38D29687C9" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus linnei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linnei">
<emphasis id="C5319243A1352CAF8EA9AB85994949A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus linnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2021
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57F1FDD710C08979871BC74557E43883" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
39.
<taxonomicName id="DF7B3EE6ED86BAF297790957064ECB94" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus longimalaris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimalaris">
<emphasis id="345C118A49C55B3A57C3F5B3452066E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus longimalaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila, 2017
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="416F62E3A3450CFA0C23D7DC47DF1834" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
40.
<taxonomicName id="9191F5E52BCC10E31853EA949874614D" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus longiscapus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiscapus">
<emphasis id="F12CAABCAC3D1BB6CF23032AC6177E51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus longiscapus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila, 2017
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B65DCDC85553E9466E2A89BDCFDC00C" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
41.
<taxonomicName id="B0A6F2028F9CD408D14E3C71169F721F" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus macrackenae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrackenae">
<emphasis id="2238770CCD8A472114F522BE2ACFCE48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus macrackenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2021
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BBB356EC7777648111CA5C1D966C3CC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
42.
<taxonomicName id="6DD3DA17CB0A9C553ACA5BDB8E8D4F7D" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus medullae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medullae">
<emphasis id="5A452D6EF1CDC4E298E1B9503D114773" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus medullae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ashmead, 1885
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46ABBABA4C1AB58B34541CAD4D7376C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
43.
<taxonomicName id="E821A921E4B587029103AB3721F3E938" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus mendax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendax">
<emphasis id="498A4BA07BB68E19625BE6D08DA5ECF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus mendax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Walsh, 1864
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B3A4496837E256D874F19E8F70C2E78" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
44.
<taxonomicName id="0B8B682BDCB2018A6568E33EBD6946C1" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus mexicanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="F8C927FC6DA8AAF14624BDB30203DBAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gillette, 1896
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27EB36C663A3CBE97DDA8DB91E17A31D" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
45.
<taxonomicName id="8DCBA207241D6B2466003D2C24DF4FE2" authorityName="McCracken &amp; Egbert" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus nigroornatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigroornatus">
<emphasis id="CA99E122781608E06212F21FCCF39517" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus nigroornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
McCracken &amp; Egbert, 1922
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="922F1A27BCBF266C593D76F69441F0E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
46.
<taxonomicName id="F0F88B8F2A54AD29975B38FF8E1E5A82" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus oaxaquensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oaxaquensis">
<emphasis id="FF9C3BF09AD8B6127C63755339666A57" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus oaxaquensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2021
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F987756FC4F1C18331C9E72075F614E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
47.
<taxonomicName id="A412E63E8D19082231D941D2B04AA449" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus obtusilobae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusilobae">
<emphasis id="E27E6358A169C36490294905D545AEDF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus obtusilobae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ashmead, 1885)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A88C67C8D82A2C94CB5C3805E405EE9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
48.
<taxonomicName id="71E37658EB0C785DAF593985856A1834" authorityName="Fullaway" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus ochreus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochreus">
<emphasis id="10EC29062C5ECBAFE490F5C657E6A9ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus ochreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fullaway, 1911
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05F6DE93738E7783404F3D43C3C18757" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
49.
<taxonomicName id="6EE980E8F23742575A8E0449F9548168" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1864" baseAuthorityName="Harris" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus oneratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oneratus">
<emphasis id="8EF0D8E68C70E449891A769A16691823" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus oneratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Harris, 1841)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F006318075B7DF3629D08CFC6CBC6201" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
50.
<taxonomicName id="7F29294B06B66C49DD9283C267A195DE" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus pacificus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="7250ED056DED87F2F5001B5FF6316F94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
McCracken &amp; Egbert, 1922
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED0ACB6087ABBB38F1014A2A69839680" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
51.
<taxonomicName id="5D1CB128C79B27B0E16F10C4187714AC" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus personatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="personatus">
<emphasis id="FBEFF2523585E2A3D462DAA8943B01C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus personatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2021
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43DF2942946533DA6057726556E40530" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
52.
<taxonomicName id="C31E90E9CAA272A8CCC269F4E24D8D0F" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus pomiformis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomiformis">
<emphasis id="E540BA37F99FC1F0C1F2CB2AC6048875" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus pomiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ashmead, 1885
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F94E4D35F42C58F610D90107B9B0054" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
53.
<taxonomicName id="F9071A26215B864F13A23CCBB4F6447C" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus pseudofilicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudofilicornis">
<emphasis id="8052882335BF52E4C83C03EAAF3AA361" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus pseudofilicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2018
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D9A4B2119BBF1B770CAFD93AE8936296" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
54.
<taxonomicName id="8FDBD89C9CCEFCB15770E5B418A11B49" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus punctatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="08FC4568AFB5C39B09C2F1B8657E4E15" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gillette, 1896
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="666D33C0633F5842DF1032B1CFF32AD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
55.
<taxonomicName id="85B931984ED5F5DBC94DC35A998E40C8" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus quercuslana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercuslana">
<emphasis id="2E3CE90F8888D3FEDB8447AD81D85E98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus quercuslana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fitch, 1859)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A7C44D3887E579E1E122460447B55EEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
56.
<taxonomicName id="6471D4EE7A9DE91BDE428057AFAB00E1" authorityName="McCracken &amp; Egbert" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus reniformis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reniformis">
<emphasis id="6ACD2C841D5B5E58F1B80FC30DB8AEA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus reniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
McCracken &amp; Egbert, 1922
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="19E423780DA621BE1994D87BDA82282A" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
57.
<taxonomicName id="2D726DEC00103C8A686605CDEF64F67B" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus ruficephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficephalus">
<emphasis id="3C75593F2ECAE5B9FABB07B2EF98AAA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus ruficephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2021
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E70E52970519B0606C2CD84E2008D5A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
58.
<taxonomicName id="0DF5A5DC501D3265948660AC3745774F" authorityName="McCracken &amp; Egbert" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus rutulus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutulus">
<emphasis id="A9B276C3BF6F4550288465A459A1A250" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus rutulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
McCracken &amp; Egbert, 1922
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE92F7FD1DC350BA552C2489140DB1A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
59.
<taxonomicName id="E68AF504221D38DD2025C2A41C441EEA" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus shorthousei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shorthousei">
<emphasis id="CDA463A63C93B13CB52E5779C2E8616B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus shorthousei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2019
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B41D14FF87CB44889A53EB7409E760CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
60.
<taxonomicName id="A97EF23A74C92E4C57D1EF050CD2F7FA" authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1976" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus stelluli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stelluli">
<emphasis id="526F6F6BCE45567663520EA0A21D464D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus stelluli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Burnett, 1976
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C8C78C9275D80821F389A77E831D2C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
61.
<taxonomicName id="73B9CC7DDF7FB910121DD3178112E436" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus stratifrons" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stratifrons">
<emphasis id="DA70DE6D1E430CCF5746F1CD76C64731" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus stratifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila, 2017
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1596D3A9AE326C3C8716C1B9CED0A56A" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
62.
<taxonomicName id="0C015D25DAD06771E7CDC09A14BA8C6F" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus succinipedis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinipedis">
<emphasis id="58FA5C247F7FBB3B6A8E9D02AC67172C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus succinipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ashmead, 1885)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E602D131E9EE66FB324AFD0767AE3D19" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
63.
<taxonomicName id="24CBCC967191E9415DF4C085959553A1" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus tenebrosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebrosus">
<emphasis id="4381C373223843C746F8AFB38922E576" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus tenebrosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2019
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC5B19BC786287E8720CEAB8E8B4BD3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
64.
<taxonomicName id="550C1696BDE55A3B9320BB3AE7AB8112" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus villosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="5456CFE4EAD60A002B450810A7BA02E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gillette, 1891
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4237E7501CD8ED528136789D3BF37E41" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
65.
<taxonomicName id="3CA8D6A4AFFC414144C2C2AF1E7116D6" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus virentis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
<emphasis id="506D3DE1940B6BB23757F1A273081281" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus virentis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ashmead, 1885)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="92966CE723EBD3F2ED1A562FD90296FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
66.
<taxonomicName id="B16FA7FCDE8A9DE9AE80A257509E9342" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus walshii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walshii">
<emphasis id="E1C99B6BFEF7D132822EFCD4B73C4BDE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus walshii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gillette, 1896
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B1E7AA939DA99C689DB82A8F98F690A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
67.
<taxonomicName id="21D4101B8B1F1B26D916F7CA7A732D27" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synergus weldi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weldi">
<emphasis id="20808DCEF63F4FAC084FAC17A38EBE45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synergus weldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2021
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>
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