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<document id="161A898FE1BC63C1D1390D6EA65AD7DD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5169696" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5169696" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628280008080" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Austin, George T. &amp; Mielke, Olaf H. H." docDate="2008" docId="F3788781FFB3FFF35BD9FE9DE33CF8AD" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0044.1-56.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2008 (44)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1.3:InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Porphyrogenes zohra" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="0F41FFF9FFA1FFE15B19FFBEE74CFFF6" masterDocTitle="Hesperiidae of Rondônia, Brazil: Porphyrogenes Watson (Lepidoptera: Pyrginae: Eudamini), with descriptions of new species from Central and South America" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1699039468057" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="CE35211284F16C0A7DBA606AC44B9F51">Hesperiidae of Rondônia, Brazil: Porphyrogenes Watson (Lepidoptera: Pyrginae: Eudamini), with descriptions of new species from Central and South America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="12E1BE6F85809F362AD7734AE451554E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A74920FFAE9A64F857005CFB88CF75C2">Austin, George T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3775DE52797386A983E6628AF8C0B818">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida P. O. Box 112710, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="364BA51194F7E221C4142031C923CF89">Mielke, Olaf H. H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3FA94234170AE4017C1D2BAED77EFFBC">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil Fellow CNPq.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="14C1BD32BC872940A6E6CF8DFDD87E22">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EDFDF3C12DE7D32D4925F8FB8B43EB18">
<mods:date id="2724436794A082906E99DE156E3A7529">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2AB7A08ACB5A2C53323D2DE9722C971E">2008-09-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="878B6A93E4A148C3F40E9B4C442C5B48">2008</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4941AEEDD6F4CCE60B24849DE80476E4">44</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8D82DA65AAF239CF42068538B15A3A38" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5169696</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="166C614C2DFADEE161E5CDAD5801AE18" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F3788781FFB3FFF35BD9FE9DE33CF8AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5184939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F3788781FFB3FFF35BD9FE9DE33CF8AD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3788781FFB3FFF35BD9FE9DE33CF8AD" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="33CB651CFFB3FFF35BD9FE9DE58EFECD" box="[192,706,291,315]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFB3FFF35BD9FE9DE58EFECD" blockId="18.[192,706,291,315]" box="[192,706,291,315]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="202681FBFFB3FFF35BD9FE9DE58EFECD" bold="true" box="[192,706,291,315]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFB3FFF35BD9FE9DE58EFECD" ID-CoL="4LZ76" authority="(Moschler, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Moschler" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[192,706,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Porphyrogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zohra">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF35BD9FE9DE58EFECD" bold="true" box="[192,706,291,315]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF35BD9FE9DE693FECD" bold="true" box="[192,479,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Porphyrogenes zohra</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFB3FFF35AF4FE9DE5F6FECD" author="Moschler, H. B." box="[493,698,291,315]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="203 - 230" refId="ref36311" refString="Moschler, H. B. 1879. Neue exotische Hesperiidae. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologischbotanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 28: 203 - 230." type="journal article" year="1879">Möschler, 1879</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33CB651CFFB3FFF35BD9FEFDE56CFEAD" box="[192,544,323,347]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFB3FFF35BD9FEFDE56CFEAD" blockId="18.[192,544,323,347]" box="[192,544,323,347]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
(
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFB3FFF35BD0FEFDE601FEAD" box="[201,333,323,347]" captionStart="Figure 19-36" captionStartId="43.[195,279,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[262,1364,196,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-16@43.[262,1365,196,1666]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 19-36. Types and associated specimens of Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 19) Physalea sororcula Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912, [holo]type female, ds. 20) same, vs. 21) Bungalotis immaculata Skinner, 1920, [holo]type male, ds. 22) same, vs. 23) Porphyrogenes spanda Evans, 1952 [holo]type male, ds. 24) same, vs. 25) Porphyrogenes spanda, 1952, female associated with [holo]type, ds. 26) same, vs. 27) Porphyrogenes zohra stresa Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 28) same, vs. 29) Telegonus zohra Möschler, 1879, [holo]type male, ds. 30) same, vs. 31) Ocyba sula Williams &amp; Bell, 1940, holotype male, ds. 32) same, vs. 33) Porphyrogenes glavia Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 34) same, vs. 35) Porphyrogenes sparta Evans, 1952 [holo]type male, ds. 36) same, vs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169700/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 29, 30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFB3FFF35A41FEFDE6EFFEAD" box="[344,419,323,347]" captionStart="Figure 65-82" captionStartId="46.[195,279,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[291,1337,199,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-18@46.[265,1364,193,1638]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 65-82. Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 65) P. probus, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 12 August 1993, ds. 66) same, vs. 67) P. probus, female, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, ex larva, emerged 25 November 1991, ds. 68) same, vs. 69) P. vulpecula, female, BRAZIL: Rio Purus, Hyatanahan (=Husteneã), no date, ds. 70) same, vs. 71) P. sororcula, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 17 July 1994, ds. 72) same, vs. 73) P. sororcula, female, BRAZIL: Amazonas, Tefé (Ega), Rio Solimões, no date, ds. 74) same, vs. 75) P. spanda, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 22 November 1992, ds. 76) same, vs. 77) P. spanda, female, VENEZUELA: Delta Amacuro (Terr.), Rio Acure, no date, ds. 78) same, vs. 79) P. stresa, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 21 July 1994, ds. 80) same, vs. 81) P. zohra, male, VENEZUELA: Barinas, Rio Caparo Res. Sta, 32 km east of El Caton, 3-5 February 1978, ds. 82) same, vs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169706/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">81, 82</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFB3FFF35AB6FEFDE692FEAD" box="[431,478,323,347]" captionStart="Figure 124-128" captionStartId="50.[192,276,1356,1378]" captionTargetBox="[198,1431,235,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-18@50.[193,1443,194,1361]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 124-128. Venation and some secondary sexual characters of male Porphyrogenes. Shown is ventral surface including modification of vein 2A and extent of speculum on ventral forewing (irregular line in CuA -2A and anal 2 cell) and origins of veins on hindwing. Insert is of anterior portion of dorsal hindwing showing hair-like tufts. 124) P. zohra, HONDURAS (GTA #8903); 125) P. convexus, holotype, BRAZIL:Rondônia (GTA #2760); 126) P. splendidus, holotype, BOLIVIA (GTA #4182); 127) P. simulator, holotype, BOLIVIA (GTA #4181); 128) P. spadix, holotype, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3894)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169716/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">124</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFB3FFF35AF3FEFDE55BFEAD" box="[490,535,323,347]" captionStart="Figure 140-145" captionStartId="53.[193,277,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[286,1354,216,1653]" captionTargetId="figure-137@53.[266,1371,194,1665]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figure 140-145. Male genitalia of Porphyrogenes; shown are lateral view of uncus, gnathos, tegumen, and saccus; dorsal view of uncus and tegumen; ventral view of uncus and gnathos; juxta; lateral view (with extended vesica) and often dorsal view of aedeagus; internal lateral view of right valva (inset shows the flattened harpe). 140) P. sororcula, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3493); 141) P. spanda (also including posterior view of harpe), BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3225); 142) P. stresa (also including posterior view of harpe), BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3927); 143) P. zohra (also including posterior view of harpe), HONDURAS (GTA #8903); 144) P. convexus, holotype, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #2760); 145) P. splendidus (also including interior view of left valva), holotype, BOLIVIA (GTA #4182)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169722/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">143</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33CB651CFFB3FFF35BD9FE3DE228FE6D" box="[192,1380,387,412]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFB3FFF35BD9FE3DE228FE6D" blockId="18.[192,1380,387,412]" box="[192,1380,387,412]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFB3FFF35BD9FE3DE505FE6D" ID-CoL="98HWF" authority="Moschler, 1879" authorityName="Moschler" authorityYear="1879" box="[192,585,387,411]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zohra">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF35BD9FE3DE6CAFE6D" box="[192,390,387,411]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Telegonus zohra</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="CBB93CCAFFB3FFF35A95FE3DE505FE6D" box="[396,585,387,411]" collectionCode="MNHU" country="Venezuela" location="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="2">
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFB3FFF35A95FE3DE505FE6D" author="Moschler, H. B." box="[396,585,387,411]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="203 - 230" refId="ref36311" refString="Moschler, H. B. 1879. Neue exotische Hesperiidae. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologischbotanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 28: 203 - 230." type="journal article" year="1879">Möschler, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="A46A8835FFB3FFF3594AFE3AE5DCFE6A" box="[595,656,388,412]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFB3FFF359E4FE3DE4CCFE6D" box="[765,896,387,411]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
; male [holo]
<typeStatus id="A46A8835FFB3FFF35F0BFE3DE304FE6D" box="[1042,1096,387,411]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFB3FFF35F4FFE3DE399FE6D" box="[1110,1237,387,411]" captionStart="Figure 19-36" captionStartId="43.[195,279,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[262,1364,196,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-16@43.[262,1365,196,1666]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 19-36. Types and associated specimens of Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 19) Physalea sororcula Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912, [holo]type female, ds. 20) same, vs. 21) Bungalotis immaculata Skinner, 1920, [holo]type male, ds. 22) same, vs. 23) Porphyrogenes spanda Evans, 1952 [holo]type male, ds. 24) same, vs. 25) Porphyrogenes spanda, 1952, female associated with [holo]type, ds. 26) same, vs. 27) Porphyrogenes zohra stresa Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 28) same, vs. 29) Telegonus zohra Möschler, 1879, [holo]type male, ds. 30) same, vs. 31) Ocyba sula Williams &amp; Bell, 1940, holotype male, ds. 32) same, vs. 33) Porphyrogenes glavia Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 34) same, vs. 35) Porphyrogenes sparta Evans, 1952 [holo]type male, ds. 36) same, vs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169700/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 29, 30</figureCitation>
) in MNHU.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33CB651CFFB3FFF35BE9FE7DE696FA6D" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFB3FFF35BE9FE7DE553FCED" blockId="18.[192,1441,451,1884]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF35BE9FE7DE6D0FE2D" bold="true" box="[240,412,451,475]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Description.</emphasis>
Male (
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFB3FFF35AEAFE7DE535FE2D" box="[499,633,451,475]" captionStart="Figure 19-36" captionStartId="43.[195,279,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[262,1364,196,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-16@43.[262,1365,196,1666]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 19-36. Types and associated specimens of Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 19) Physalea sororcula Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912, [holo]type female, ds. 20) same, vs. 21) Bungalotis immaculata Skinner, 1920, [holo]type male, ds. 22) same, vs. 23) Porphyrogenes spanda Evans, 1952 [holo]type male, ds. 24) same, vs. 25) Porphyrogenes spanda, 1952, female associated with [holo]type, ds. 26) same, vs. 27) Porphyrogenes zohra stresa Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 28) same, vs. 29) Telegonus zohra Möschler, 1879, [holo]type male, ds. 30) same, vs. 31) Ocyba sula Williams &amp; Bell, 1940, holotype male, ds. 32) same, vs. 33) Porphyrogenes glavia Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 34) same, vs. 35) Porphyrogenes sparta Evans, 1952 [holo]type male, ds. 36) same, vs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169700/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 29, 30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFB3FFF3599FFE7DE59DFE2D" box="[646,721,451,475]" captionStart="Figure 65-82" captionStartId="46.[195,279,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[291,1337,199,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-18@46.[265,1364,193,1638]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 65-82. Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 65) P. probus, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 12 August 1993, ds. 66) same, vs. 67) P. probus, female, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, ex larva, emerged 25 November 1991, ds. 68) same, vs. 69) P. vulpecula, female, BRAZIL: Rio Purus, Hyatanahan (=Husteneã), no date, ds. 70) same, vs. 71) P. sororcula, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 17 July 1994, ds. 72) same, vs. 73) P. sororcula, female, BRAZIL: Amazonas, Tefé (Ega), Rio Solimões, no date, ds. 74) same, vs. 75) P. spanda, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 22 November 1992, ds. 76) same, vs. 77) P. spanda, female, VENEZUELA: Delta Amacuro (Terr.), Rio Acure, no date, ds. 78) same, vs. 79) P. stresa, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 21 July 1994, ds. 80) same, vs. 81) P. zohra, male, VENEZUELA: Barinas, Rio Caparo Res. Sta, 32 km east of El Caton, 3-5 February 1978, ds. 82) same, vs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169706/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">81, 82</figureCitation>
) - mean forewing length = 24.3 mm (24.2-24.6 mm, n = 3; from
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFB3FFF35BE7FE5DE635FE0D" box="[254,377,483,507]" name="Honduras" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFB3FFF35A9BFE5DE54FFE0D" box="[386,515,483,507]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFB3FFF35926FE5DE58CFE0D" box="[575,704,483,507]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
); forewing with costal fold, apex pointed, not produced, termen and anal margin slightly convex; hindwing termen nearly straight, tornus produced to short lobe, vein Rs arising mid-base and end of discal cell and basad of CuA
<subScript id="E75534D2FFB3FFF35879FD8DE425FDB4" attach="left" box="[864,873,563,578]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">2</subScript>
(
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFB3FFF3586EFD9DE497FDCD" box="[887,987,547,571]" captionStart="Figure 124-128" captionStartId="50.[192,276,1356,1378]" captionTargetBox="[198,1431,235,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-18@50.[193,1443,194,1361]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 124-128. Venation and some secondary sexual characters of male Porphyrogenes. Shown is ventral surface including modification of vein 2A and extent of speculum on ventral forewing (irregular line in CuA -2A and anal 2 cell) and origins of veins on hindwing. Insert is of anterior portion of dorsal hindwing showing hair-like tufts. 124) P. zohra, HONDURAS (GTA #8903); 125) P. convexus, holotype, BRAZIL:Rondônia (GTA #2760); 126) P. splendidus, holotype, BOLIVIA (GTA #4182); 127) P. simulator, holotype, BOLIVIA (GTA #4181); 128) P. spadix, holotype, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3894)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169716/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
); dorsum brown, unmarked; forewing overscaled with orange-brown, heaviest basad, anal margin with sparse tuft proximad; hindwing overscaled with orange-brown posterior to vein Rs, no indication of discal macules; shining gray speculum in base of anterior discal cell, proximal 1/4 of Sc+R
<subScript id="E75534D2FFB3FFF359BAFD2DE5E0FD54" attach="left" box="[675,684,659,674]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">1</subScript>
-Rs, and proximal 1/3 of costal cell; moderate length tan recumbent tuft near base of Sc+R
<subScript id="E75534D2FFB3FFF35918FD0DE546FD34" attach="left" box="[513,522,691,706]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">1</subScript>
-Rs, semierect tan tuft arising from near base of discal cell covering speculum in discal cell and, with anterior tuft, covering base of speculum in Sc+R
<subScript id="E75534D2FFB3FFF35F0DFD6DE351FD14" attach="left" box="[1044,1053,723,738]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">1</subScript>
-Rs (
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFB3FFF35F4AFD7DE3F4FD2D" box="[1107,1208,707,731]" captionStart="Figure 124-128" captionStartId="50.[192,276,1356,1378]" captionTargetBox="[198,1431,235,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-18@50.[193,1443,194,1361]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 124-128. Venation and some secondary sexual characters of male Porphyrogenes. Shown is ventral surface including modification of vein 2A and extent of speculum on ventral forewing (irregular line in CuA -2A and anal 2 cell) and origins of veins on hindwing. Insert is of anterior portion of dorsal hindwing showing hair-like tufts. 124) P. zohra, HONDURAS (GTA #8903); 125) P. convexus, holotype, BRAZIL:Rondônia (GTA #2760); 126) P. splendidus, holotype, BOLIVIA (GTA #4182); 127) P. simulator, holotype, BOLIVIA (GTA #4181); 128) P. spadix, holotype, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3894)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169716/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
); conspicuous erect orange-brown tuft along anterior edge of vein 2A, recumbent gray-tan tuft from posterior edge of 2A; fringes on both wings brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFB3FFF35BE9FC9AE564FC4D" blockId="18.[192,1441,451,1884]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
Venter orange-brown; forewing vein 2A moderately sinuate, bare and moderately swollen in central 1/3, no distinct groove (
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFB3FFF35ACCFCFDE576FCAD" box="[469,570,835,859]" captionStart="Figure 124-128" captionStartId="50.[192,276,1356,1378]" captionTargetBox="[198,1431,235,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-18@50.[193,1443,194,1361]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 124-128. Venation and some secondary sexual characters of male Porphyrogenes. Shown is ventral surface including modification of vein 2A and extent of speculum on ventral forewing (irregular line in CuA -2A and anal 2 cell) and origins of veins on hindwing. Insert is of anterior portion of dorsal hindwing showing hair-like tufts. 124) P. zohra, HONDURAS (GTA #8903); 125) P. convexus, holotype, BRAZIL:Rondônia (GTA #2760); 126) P. splendidus, holotype, BOLIVIA (GTA #4182); 127) P. simulator, holotype, BOLIVIA (GTA #4181); 128) P. spadix, holotype, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3894)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169716/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
); shining gray-brown speculum in proximal 1/4 of CuA
<subScript id="E75534D2FFB3FFF35FD1FCEDE39DFC94" attach="left" box="[1224,1233,851,866]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">2</subScript>
-2A (continued to end of bared portion of vein as modified red-brown scales) and in proximal 1/2 of anal cell (continued to tornus as modified red-brown scales); hindwing with no indication of discal macules; cell 2A-3A with deep groove just caudad of vein 2A.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFB3FFF35BE9FC7DE46BFBCD" blockId="18.[192,1441,451,1884]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Dorsal head and thorax orange-brown, palpi tawny, eyes red, antennae black on dorsum, yellow on venter and beneath apiculus, nudum red-brown, 27 (n = 1) or 29 (n = 1) segments, ventral thorax orangebrown, pectus tawny, legs orange-brown proximad, orange distad, dorsal abdomen brown, overscaled with orange-brown, ventral abdomen warm brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFB3FFF35BE9FBFDE65EFA8D" blockId="18.[192,1441,451,1884]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
Genitalia (
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFB3FFF35A69FBFDE69DFBAD" box="[368,465,1091,1115]" captionStart="Figure 140-145" captionStartId="53.[193,277,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[286,1354,216,1653]" captionTargetId="figure-137@53.[266,1371,194,1665]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figure 140-145. Male genitalia of Porphyrogenes; shown are lateral view of uncus, gnathos, tegumen, and saccus; dorsal view of uncus and tegumen; ventral view of uncus and gnathos; juxta; lateral view (with extended vesica) and often dorsal view of aedeagus; internal lateral view of right valva (inset shows the flattened harpe). 140) P. sororcula, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3493); 141) P. spanda (also including posterior view of harpe), BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3225); 142) P. stresa (also including posterior view of harpe), BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3927); 143) P. zohra (also including posterior view of harpe), HONDURAS (GTA #8903); 144) P. convexus, holotype, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #2760); 145) P. splendidus (also including interior view of left valva), holotype, BOLIVIA (GTA #4182)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169722/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 143</figureCitation>
) - tegumen narrow in lateral view, broad and nearly quadrate in dorsal view, long and thin dorso-caudal oriented process from each side of caudal end, tuft double and dense; uncus short, slightly decurved in lateral view, divided in dorsal view, arms widely spaced and short, ventral process of uncus as rounded lobe; gnathos shorter than uncus, terminal ends rounded in ventral view; combined ventral arms from tegumen and dorsal arms from saccus nearly straight; saccus narrow, long, oriented dorso-cephalad; valva with costa-ampulla triangular with narrow flap at apex, harpe very long, narrow becoming slightly broader caudad, curving upward rather abruptly to blunt (somewhat club-shaped in caudal view) and serrated caudal end oriented nearly dorsad; aedeagus much shorter than valva, broad with blunt and flaring caudal end; cornuti as double row of slightly curved, robust, and moderately long spikes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFB3FFF35BE9FA3DE696FA6D" blockId="18.[192,1441,451,1884]" box="[240,474,1411,1435]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Female - unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33CB651CFFB3FFF35BE9FA1DE49CF9AD" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFB3FFF35BE9FA1DE49CF9AD" blockId="18.[192,1441,451,1884]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF35BE9FA1DE53FFA4D" bold="true" box="[240,627,1443,1467]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Distribution and phenology.</emphasis>
This species has been reported from Honduras and northern South America (Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, northern Brazil [Pará]) (
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFB3FFF35F94FA7DE273FA2D" author="Moschler, H. B." box="[1165,1343,1475,1499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="203 - 230" refId="ref36311" refString="Moschler, H. B. 1879. Neue exotische Hesperiidae. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologischbotanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 28: 203 - 230." type="journal article" year="1879">Möschler 1879</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFB3FFF35E51FA7DE7B2FA0D" author="Draudt, M. W. K." pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="833 - 1011" refId="ref35495" refString="Draudt, M. W. K. 1922. Grypocera, breitkopfige Tagfalter, p. 833 - 1011. In: A. Seitz. Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde, vol. 5. Die amerikanischen Tagfalter. A. Kernen; Stuttgart. 1139 p." type="book chapter" year="1922">Draudt 1922</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFB3FFF35A11FA5DE56FFA0D" author="Williams, R. C., Jr. &amp; E. L. Bell" box="[264,547,1507,1531]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="121 - 140" refId="ref37020" refString="Williams, R. C., Jr., and E. L. Bell. 1940. New Neotropical Hesperiidae and notes on others (Lepidoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 66: 121 - 140." type="journal article" year="1940">Williams and Bell 1940</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFB3FFF35934FA5DE5EDFA0D" author="Bell, E. L." box="[557,673,1507,1531]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="65 - 203" refId="ref35158" refString="Bell, E. L. 1946. A catalogue of the Hesperioidea of Venezuela. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana 5: 65 - 203." type="journal article" year="1946">Bell 1946</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFB3FFF359B2FA5AE477FA0D" author="Evans, W. H." box="[683,827,1507,1531]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref35584" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans 1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFB3FFF3585DFA5DE4A8FA0D" author="de Jong, R." box="[836,996,1507,1532]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="233 - 268" refId="ref35410" refString="de Jong, R. 1983. Annotated list of the Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) of Surinam, with descriptions of new taxa. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 126: 233 - 268." type="journal article" year="1983">de Jong 1983</bibRefCitation>
). Three males were examined during this study:
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFB3FFF35A5DF9BDE6A5F9ED" box="[324,489,1539,1563]" name="Honduras" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">HONDURAS</collectingCountry>
: La Ceiba,
<date id="0F6F1057FFB3FFF35971F9BDE44BF9ED" box="[616,775,1539,1563]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" value="1981-06-19">19 June 1981</date>
(GTA #8903),
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFB3FFF358A8F9BDE312F9ED" box="[945,1118,1539,1563]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">NICARAGUA</collectingCountry>
: Zelaya Dept., Bluefields,
<date id="0F6F1057FFB3FFF35E88F9BDE67BF9CD" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" value="1975-12-09">9 Dec. 1975</date>
(GTA #13918), and
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFB3FFF35930F99DE590F9CD" box="[553,732,1571,1595]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="B915F875FFB3FFF359FCF99DE406F9CD" box="[741,842,1571,1595]" country="Venezuela" name="Barinas" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Barinas</collectingRegion>
, Rio Caparo Res. Station,
<quantity id="BC299B72FFB3FFF35F9FF99DE39DF9CD" box="[1158,1233,1571,1595]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
E El Canton,
<date id="0F6F1057FFB3FFF35E60F99DE675F9AD" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" value="1978-02-03" valueMax="1978-02-05" valueMin="1978-02-03">3-5 Feb. 1978</date>
, seasonal forest at blacklight (J. M. Burns no.
<date id="0F6F1057FFB3FFF35871F9FDE488F9AD" box="[872,964,1603,1627]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" value="1673-10">X-1673</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33CB651CFFB3FFF35BE9F9DDE33CF8AD" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFB3FFF35BE9F9DDE3F6F92D" blockId="18.[192,1441,451,1884]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF35BE9F9DDE519F98D" bold="true" box="[240,597,1635,1659]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis and discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFB3FFF35945F9DDE412F98D" baseAuthorityName="Moschler" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[604,862,1635,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Porphyrogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zohra">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF35945F9DDE412F98D" box="[604,862,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Porphyrogenes zohra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFB3FFF35F5BF9DAE3E7F98D" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[1090,1195,1636,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Porphyrogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stresa">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF35F5BF9DAE3E7F98D" box="[1090,1195,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">P. stresa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but is overall more brightly colored, vein 2A is more sinuate and swollen, and there are differences in the genitalia as noted above under
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFB3FFF35A43F91AE68DF94D" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[346,449,1700,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Porphyrogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stresa">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF35A43F91AE68DF94D" box="[346,449,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">P. stresa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFB3FFF35AD7F91DE5C6F94D" author="Draudt, M. W. K." box="[462,650,1699,1723]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="833 - 1011" refId="ref35495" refString="Draudt, M. W. K. 1922. Grypocera, breitkopfige Tagfalter, p. 833 - 1011. In: A. Seitz. Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde, vol. 5. Die amerikanischen Tagfalter. A. Kernen; Stuttgart. 1139 p." type="book chapter" year="1922">Draudts (1922)</bibRefCitation>
depiction indicated a specimen with a small yellow macule on the forewing. The male
<typeStatus id="A46A8835FFB3FFF35AABF97AE6A4F92A" box="[434,488,1732,1756]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
in MNHU (
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFB3FFF3596FF97DE5BAF92D" box="[630,758,1731,1755]" captionStart="Figure 19-36" captionStartId="43.[195,279,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[262,1364,196,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-16@43.[262,1365,196,1666]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 19-36. Types and associated specimens of Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 19) Physalea sororcula Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912, [holo]type female, ds. 20) same, vs. 21) Bungalotis immaculata Skinner, 1920, [holo]type male, ds. 22) same, vs. 23) Porphyrogenes spanda Evans, 1952 [holo]type male, ds. 24) same, vs. 25) Porphyrogenes spanda, 1952, female associated with [holo]type, ds. 26) same, vs. 27) Porphyrogenes zohra stresa Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 28) same, vs. 29) Telegonus zohra Möschler, 1879, [holo]type male, ds. 30) same, vs. 31) Ocyba sula Williams &amp; Bell, 1940, holotype male, ds. 32) same, vs. 33) Porphyrogenes glavia Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 34) same, vs. 35) Porphyrogenes sparta Evans, 1952 [holo]type male, ds. 36) same, vs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169700/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 29, 30</figureCitation>
) is the [holo]
<typeStatus id="A46A8835FFB3FFF3588AF97DE485F92D" box="[915,969,1731,1755]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFB3FFF358F2F97DE3FFF92D" authorityName="Moschler" authorityYear="1879" box="[1003,1203,1731,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zohra">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF358F2F97DE3FFF92D" box="[1003,1203,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Telegonus zohra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFB3FFF35BE9F95AE33CF8AD" blockId="18.[192,1441,451,1884]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFB3FFF35BE9F95AE6DCF90D" author="Evans, W. H." box="[240,400,1763,1787]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref35584" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans (1952)</bibRefCitation>
and subsequent students (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFB3FFF35817F95DE4EAF90D" author="Mielke, O. H. H." box="[782,934,1763,1787]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="25 - 86" refId="ref36156" refString="Mielke, O. H. H. 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 25 - 86. In: G. Lamas (ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera, vol. 5 A, Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. Scientific Publishers; Gainesville, FL. 439 p." type="book chapter" year="2004">Mielke 2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFB3FFF358A9F95DE4A0F90D" author="Mielke, O. H. H." box="[944,1004,1763,1787]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="129 - 410" refId="ref36212" refString="Mielke, O. H. H. 2005. Catalogue of the American Hesperioidea: Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Vol. 2. Pyrginae 1: Eudamini. Sociedade Brasileira Zoologia; Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. p. 129 - 410." type="book chapter" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
) have, without justification, considered
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFB3FFF35BE5F8BDE537F8ED" authority="Mabille, 1888" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1888" box="[252,635,1795,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Thymele" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgatus">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF35BE5F8BDE683F8ED" box="[252,463,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Thymele virgatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFB3FFF35ACCF8BDE537F8ED" author="Mabille, P." box="[469,635,1795,1819]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="169 - 171" refId="ref36095" refString="Mabille, P. 1888. Descriptions de Lepidopteres (Hesperides) nouveaux. Le Naturaliste (2) 2 (33): 169 - 171" type="journal article" year="1888">Mabille, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as the female of and synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFB3FFF35F4DF8BAE3FBF8ED" authorityName="Moschler" authorityYear="1879" box="[1108,1207,1795,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zohra">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF35F4DF8BAE3FBF8ED" box="[1108,1207,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">P. zohra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFB3FFF35FDDF8BDE2D4F8ED" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1888" box="[1220,1432,1795,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Thymele" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgatus">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF35FDDF8BDE2D4F8ED" box="[1220,1432,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Thymele virgatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, another taxon (see above under
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFB3FFF35925F89AE58EF8CD" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1871" box="[572,706,1827,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omphale">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF35925F89AE58EF8CD" box="[572,706,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">P. omphale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) without a clearly associated male, is here removed from that synonymy since there is yet nothing to indicate its relationship with
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFB3FFF35F1DF8FAE325F8AD" authorityName="Moschler" authorityYear="1879" box="[1028,1129,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zohra">
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFB3FFF35F1DF8FAE325F8AD" box="[1028,1129,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">P. zohra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>