271 lines
34 KiB
XML
271 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1098/rsos.210915" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8d7e7a7-4505-41bd-93d4-e24fef218456" ID-PMC="PMC8493203" ID-PubMed="34754500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5847277" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="2" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1642104604413" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Spiekman, Stephan N. F., Ezcurra, Martín D., Butler, Richard J., Fraser, Nicholas C. & Maidment, Susannah C. R." docDate="2021" docId="F00287ECFFA4FFD1FF640BE6FB3E58EE" docLanguage="en" docName="RSocOpenSci.8.210915.1-27.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Royal Society Open Science 8 (10)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210915" docTitle="Pendraig milnerae Spiekman & Ezcurra & Butler & Fraser & Maidment 2021, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="0C3BFF94FFA6FFD7FFDE0D04FFE35E3C" masterDocTitle="Pendraig milnerae, a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales" masterLastPageNumber="210915" masterPageNumber="210915" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1668144102964" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Pendraig milnerae, a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Spiekman, Stephan N. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-3197-8752</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK & School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B 15 2 TT, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ezcurra, Martín D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-6000-6450</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B 15 2 TT, UK & Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, CONICET-Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Ángel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Butler, Richard J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-2136-7541</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B 15 2 TT, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fraser, Nicholas C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-4408-4640</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH 1 1 JF, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maidment, Susannah C. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-7741-2500</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK & School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B 15 2 TT, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Royal Society Open Science</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-06</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>8</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>210915</mods:start>
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<mods:end>210915</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210915</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1098/rsos.210915</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">a8d7e7a7-4505-41bd-93d4-e24fef218456</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC8493203</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PubMed">34754500</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5847277</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5847252" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192084911" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5847252" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDEC343D-15F3-4A5B-A4F3-637C0D2A52E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F00287ECFFA4FFD1FF640BE6FB3E58EE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection box="[186,534,1762,1783]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[186,534,1762,1783]" box="[186,534,1762,1783]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName authority="Spiekman & Ezcurra & Butler & Fraser & Maidment, 2021" authorityName="Spiekman & Ezcurra & Butler & Fraser & Maidment" authorityYear="2021" box="[186,362,1762,1783]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Pendraig" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="milnerae" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[186,362,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="14">Pendraig milnerae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[370,534,1762,1783]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[147,1244,1810,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,369,1810,1831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14">Nomenclatural acts.</emphasis>
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This publication and its nomenclatural acts are registered at ZooBank. The publication is registered under LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E9F56CD2-AD1A-4E93-91A1- 18618342C838, the new genus
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<taxonomicName box="[500,586,1874,1895]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Pendraig" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[500,586,1874,1895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="14">Pendraig</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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under LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:724C0C8A-491D-4028- B692-FA921FB1273F, and the specific name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spiekman & Ezcurra & Butler & Fraser & Maidment" authorityYear="2021" box="[625,707,1906,1927]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Pendraig" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="milnerae">
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<emphasis box="[625,707,1906,1927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="14">milnerae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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under LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDEC343D-15F3-4A5B-A4F3-637C0D2A52E8.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[147,1244,114,296]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,270,114,135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Etymology.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[277,363,114,135]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Pendraig" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[277,363,114,135]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Pendraig</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Welsh
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<emphasis box="[538,574,115,136]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Pen</emphasis>
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(head, chief or top) and
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<emphasis box="[836,892,114,135]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Draig</emphasis>
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(dragon), literally meaning ‘chief dragon’ but used in a figurative sense in Medieval Welsh to mean ‘chief warrior’. The anglicized form, Pendragon, was the epithet of Uther, father of King Arthur in medieval legend.
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<emphasis box="[1009,1095,178,199]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Milnerae</emphasis>
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, in honour of Dr Angela C. Milner (1947–2021), in recognition of her major contributions to vertebrate palaeontology, including as one of the leading experts on British theropod dinosaur fossils [
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<bibRefCitation author="Milner AR & Barrett PM" box="[1128,1156,241,263]" journalOrPublisher="Milner and her contribution to vertebrate palaeontology. Spec. Pap. Palaeontol." pageId="3" pageNumber="15" pagination="7 - 16" part="86" refId="ref20387" refString="53. Milner AR, Barrett PM. 2011 Angela C. Milner and her contribution to vertebrate palaeontology. Spec. Pap. Palaeontol. 86, 7 - 16." title="Angela C" type="journal article" year="2011">53</bibRefCitation>
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], and to the Natural History Museum, London, where the type specimen is held.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[147,1245,319,693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,261,319,341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spiekman & Ezcurra & Butler & Fraser & Maidment" authorityYear="2021" box="[267,440,319,340]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Pendraig" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="milnerae">
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<emphasis box="[267,440,319,340]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Pendraig milnerae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a small-sized non-averostran theropod (estimated femoral length: 10.21 cm; lower 95% CI: 8.60 cm; upper 95% CI: 12.08 cm; see below) that differs from other dinosaurs in the following unique combination of character states present in the holotype (autapomorphies indicated with an asterisk): posteriormost dorsal vertebrae with a strongly elongated centrum (centrum length
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<emphasis box="[1007,1027,416,437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">ca</emphasis>
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2.6 times its anterior height), ilium with a distinctly anteroventrally slanting dorsal margin of the preacetabular process, and posterodorsal margin of the postacetabular process curving abruptly posteroventrally and, as a result, the posteroventral end of the process is formed by an acute angle of approximately 65° in lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1228,1236,509,522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">
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<superScript attach="left" box="[1228,1236,509,522]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">*</superScript>
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</emphasis>
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; pubis with pubic fenestra; ischium with well-developed obturator plate but without posteroventral projection forming a deep U-shaped or V-shaped notch with the shaft; and femur with fourth trochanter posteriorly developed to a height similar to the mid-depth of the shaft at that level. In addition, the referred middle–posterior dorsal vertebra differs from other early neotheropods in the absence of an accessory hyposphene–hypantrum articulation, and the presence of an anteriorly expanded neural spine
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1228,1236,669,682]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">
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<superScript attach="left" box="[1228,1236,669,682]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">*</superScript>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[147,1245,716,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436474302" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" location="Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="NHMUK PV R 37591" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,255,717,738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">
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<typeStatus box="[147,250,717,738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode box="[264,499,716,738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">NHMUK PV R 37591</specimenCode>
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: An articulated vertebral series and pelvic girdle comprising the two posteriormost dorsal vertebrae missing most of the neural spines, the three anteriormost sacral vertebrae and a small fragment of the centrum of the fourth sacral, a complete left ilium, a largely complete left pubis missing the distal end, a left ischium missing most of the distal portion, a largely complete right pubis missing the distal end, and a right ischium missing most of the dorsal and distal portions (field number P77/1) (
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<figureCitation box="[495,592,876,898]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[148,206,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[171,1229,113,1610]" captionTargetId="figure-117@4.[171,1230,113,1611]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype NHMUK PV R 37591 pelvis and vertebrae of P. milnerae gen. et sp. nov. in (a) left lateral view and (b) right lateral view. atr, antitrochanter; bf, brevis fossa; bfr, brevis fossa rim; bs, brevis shelf; dv, dorsal vertebra; iss, ischial shaft; nc, neural canal; no, notch; obf, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; prap, preacetabular process; puf, pubic fenestra; pus, pubic shaft; ras, rib attachment scar; ri, rim; sac, supra-acetabular crest; sv, sacral vertebra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5847279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5847279/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">figures 1</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation box="[653,667,877,899]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[148,206,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[171,1229,113,1610]" captionTargetId="figure-96@5.[171,1230,113,1610]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype NHMUK PV R 37591 pelvis and vertebrae of P. milnerae gen. et sp. nov. in (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view, (c) anterior view and (d) posterior view.bf, brevis fossa;bfr,brevis fossa rim;diap, diapophysis;dv, dorsal vertebra;gr, groove;il, ilium; ipis,iliac peduncle of the ischium; iss, ischiadic shaft; obf, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; ppdl, paradiapophyseal lamina; prap, preacetabular process; puf, pubic fenestra; pus, pubic shaft; sac, supra-acetabular crest; sv, sacral vertebra; tp, transverse process; vl, ventral lamina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5847281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5847281/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">2</figureCitation>
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). Additionally, a left femur was found disarticulated from the left hemipelvis in the same block (field number P76/1). It has been completely freed from the matrix and is confidently referred to the same individual as the vertebral column and pelvis (
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<figureCitation box="[1129,1213,940,963]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[148,206,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[201,1184,113,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-82@6.[201,1184,113,1513]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype NHMUK PV R 37591 left femur of P. milnerae gen. et sp. nov. in (a) posteromedial, (b) anterolateral, (c) anteromedial, (d) posterolateral, (e) proximal and (f) distal view. amt, anteromedial tuber; at, anterior trochanter; icfl, depression associated with the insertion of the M. caudofemoralis longus; dlt, dorsolateral trochanter; lica, linea intermuscularis caudalis; lincr, linea intermuscularis cranialis; obr, ‘obturator ridge’; pmt, posteromedial tuber; ts, trochanteric shelf; 4th t, fourth trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5847283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5847283/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">figure 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[147,1244,986,1200]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,339,986,1008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Referred material</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436474301" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" location="Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="NHMUK PV R 37596" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode box="[353,583,986,1008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">NHMUK PV R 37596</specimenCode>
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(field number P83/1): A complete middle to posterior dorsal vertebra completely freed from matrix (
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<figureCitation box="[580,669,1018,1040]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[148,206,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[171,1229,113,1610]" captionTargetId="figure-40@7.[171,1230,113,1610]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Isolated mid to posterior dorsal vertebra NHMUK PV 37596 of P. milnerae gen. et sp. nov. in (a) right lateral view, (b) left lateral view,(c) ventral view,(d) dorsal view,(e) anterior view and (f) posteriorview.aas,anterior articular surface;acpl,anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; ce, centrum; diap, diapophysis; nf, nutrient foramen; ns, neural spine; pacdf, parapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pacprf, parapophyseal centroprezygapophyseal fossa; pap, parapophysis; pas, posterior articular surface; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, paradiapophyseal lamina; prpl, prezygaparapohyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spozf, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprzf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5847285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5847285/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">figure 4</figureCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436474303" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" location="Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="NHMUK PV R 37597" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode box="[691,927,1018,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">NHMUK PV R 37597</specimenCode>
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(field number P65/66b): the proximal end of a left ischium preserving the articular facet with the left ilium (
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<figureCitation box="[1105,1198,1050,1072]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[148,206,628,652]" captionTargetBox="[201,1184,113,605]" captionTargetId="figure-221@8.[201,1184,113,606]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Isolated partial left ischium NHMUK PV R 37597 of P. milnerae gen. et sp. nov. in (a) medial and (b) dorsal view. asil, articulation surface with the ilium; atr, antitrochanter; ipis, iliac peduncle of the ischium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5847287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5847287/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">figure 5</figureCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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A counterslab to this
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<specimenCount box="[362,463,1082,1104]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
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, listed as field number P65/66a and comprising the base of the distal portion and part of the proximal expansion of the ischium, was described and figured in the unpublished PhD thesis of
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<collectingMunicipality box="[465,563,1146,1167]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Warrener</collectingMunicipality>
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[
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<bibRefCitation author="Warrener D." box="[585,613,1145,1167]" journalOrPublisher="University College London (University of London)" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" refId="ref19918" refString="41. Warrener D. 1983 An archosaurian fauna from a Welsh locality. University College London (University of London)." title="An archosaurian fauna from a Welsh locality" type="book" year="1983">41</bibRefCitation>
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].
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F00287ECFFA4FFD1FF640BE6FB3E58EE:7D746021FFA5FFD4FDA0097EFD3C5AB3" box="[638,735,1146,1167]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">However</location>
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, there is no record of this
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<specimenCount box="[1063,1162,1146,1168]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
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in the collections at
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<collectionCode box="[293,391,1178,1199]" collectionName="NHMUK" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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and it is therefore not considered here.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[147,1244,1223,1277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,376,1223,1245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Locality and horizon.</emphasis>
|
||
Fissure fills of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F00287ECFFA4FFD1FF640BE6FB3E58EE:7D746021FFA5FFD4FDC809C3FCE65AE0" box="[534,773,1223,1245]" country="United Kingdom" name="Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry</location>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[883,948,1223,1245]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
||
; earliest occurrence possibly late Norian, latest occurrence possibly late Rhaetian; 214.7–201.3 Ma [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whiteside DI & Duffin CJ & Gill PG & Marshall JEA & Benton MJ" box="[890,902,1254,1276]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontol. Pol." pageId="3" pageNumber="15" pagination="257 - 287" part="67" refId="ref17991" refString="1. Whiteside DI, Duffin CJ, Gill PG, Marshall JEA, Benton MJ. 2016 The Late Triassic and Early Jurassic fissure faunas from Bristol and South Wales: stratigraphy and setting. Palaeontol. Pol. 67, 257 - 287. (doi: 10.4202 / pp. 2016.67 _ 257)" title="The Late Triassic and Early Jurassic fissure faunas from Bristol and South Wales: stratigraphy and setting" type="journal article" year="2016">1</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[147,1244,1300,1578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,249,1301,1322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Additional material from Pant-y-ffynnon, comprising two isolated non-ungual phalanges (field numbers P65/30 and P65/49), an isolated metapodial (field number P65/23) and an isolated ungual (field number P65/45), were considered to possibly be conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spiekman & Ezcurra & Butler & Fraser & Maidment" authorityYear="2021" box="[882,994,1365,1386]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Pendraig" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="milnerae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[882,994,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">P. milnerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Warrener [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Warrener D." box="[1159,1186,1364,1386]" journalOrPublisher="University College London (University of London)" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" refId="ref19918" refString="41. Warrener D. 1983 An archosaurian fauna from a Welsh locality. University College London (University of London)." title="An archosaurian fauna from a Welsh locality" type="book" year="1983">41</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] and interpretative drawings of these elements were provided therein. These elements cannot be confidently attributed to any other known taxa known from Pant-y-ffynnon and were likely recovered from the same block as the partial left ischium of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spiekman & Ezcurra & Butler & Fraser & Maidment" authorityYear="2021" box="[584,693,1461,1482]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Pendraig" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="milnerae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[584,693,1461,1482]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">P. milnerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(field number P65/66b) as indicated by the shared number 65 in their field number. The location of these elements is currently unknown and there is no record of them in the NHMUK collections. Since these elements do not exhibit diagnostic theropod features, there is currently insufficient support for an unequivocal attribution of this material to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spiekman & Ezcurra & Butler & Fraser & Maidment" authorityYear="2021" box="[1131,1238,1556,1578]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Pendraig" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="milnerae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1131,1238,1556,1578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">P. milnerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[147,1245,1599,1941]" lastBlockId="6.[148,1245,1693,1747]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,413,1599,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">Ontogenetic assessment.</emphasis>
|
||
The limited material currently referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spiekman & Ezcurra & Butler & Fraser & Maidment" authorityYear="2021" box="[878,987,1599,1621]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Pendraig" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="milnerae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[878,987,1599,1621]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">P. milnerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
limits interpretations of intraspecific variation related to ontogeny, and, therefore, a comprehensive assessment of maturity cannot be provided. However, we approximate the ontogenetic stage of the holotype NHMUK PV R 37591 by scoring it for the maturity assessment matrix that has been formulated for early theropods (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1133,1244,1695,1716]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Coelophysis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coelophysis</taxonomicName>
|
||
bauri
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[251,400,1727,1749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">M. rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
) and a non-dinosaurian dinosauriform (
|
||
<emphasis box="[822,1009,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[822,931,1727,1748]" class="Reptilia" family="Silesauridae" genus="Asilisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecodontia" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Asilisaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
kongwe
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Griffin C." box="[1029,1054,1727,1749]" journalOrPublisher="J. Anat." pageId="3" pageNumber="15" pagination="604 - 640" part="232" refId="ref20419" refString="54. Griffin C. 2018 Developmental patterns and variation among early theropods. J. Anat. 232, 604 - 640. (doi: 10.1111 / joa. 12775)" title="Developmental patterns and variation among early theropods" type="journal article" year="2018">54</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Griffin CT & Nesbitt SJ" box="[1066,1094,1726,1748]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" pagination="14 757 - 14 762" part="113" refId="ref20507" refString="56. Griffin CT, Nesbitt SJ. 2016 Anomalously high variation in postnatal development is ancestral for dinosaurs but lost in birds. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 14 757 - 14 762. (doi: 10.1073 / pnas. 1613813113)" title="Anomalously high variation in postnatal development is ancestral for dinosaurs but lost in birds" type="journal article" year="2016">56</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. Based on the results of our phylogenetic analysis (see below), these taxa provide a narrow phylogenetic bracket for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spiekman & Ezcurra & Butler & Fraser & Maidment" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Pendraig" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="milnerae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="15">P. milnerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the characters are, therefore, likely suitable for approximating the maturity of this new taxon (see also [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Griffin CT & Nesbitt SJ" box="[251,279,1822,1845]" journalOrPublisher="Anat. Rec." pageId="3" pageNumber="15" pagination="1158 - 1169" part="303" refId="ref20556" refString="57. Griffin CT, Nesbitt SJ. 2020 Does the maximum body size of theropods increase across the Triassic - Jurassic boundary? Integrating ontogeny, phylogeny, and body size. Anat. Rec. 303, 1158 - 1169. (doi: 10.1002 / ar. 24130)" title="Does the maximum body size of theropods increase across the Triassic - Jurassic boundary? Integrating ontogeny, phylogeny, and body size" type="journal article" year="2020">57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]). However, it is important to consider that it cannot be confidently ascertained whether all characters that were scored are truly ontogenetically dependent for this specific taxon. Out of 32 characters of the maturity assessment matrix, 16 could be scored for NHMUK PV R 37591. Eight characters were scored as mature (1) and another eight were scored as immature (0). None of the characters considered highly informative of maturity (see fig. 22
|
||
<emphasis box="[805,815,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="16">a</emphasis>
|
||
in [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Griffin C." box="[854,881,1777,1800]" journalOrPublisher="J. Anat." pageId="4" pageNumber="16" pagination="604 - 640" part="232" refId="ref20419" refString="54. Griffin C. 2018 Developmental patterns and variation among early theropods. J. Anat. 232, 604 - 640. (doi: 10.1111 / joa. 12775)" title="Developmental patterns and variation among early theropods" type="journal article" year="2018">54</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]) are scored as 1, nor are any of the characters considered highly informative of immaturity scored as 0. Of the sequence order of mature state attainment (between 1 and 29) [54,57], NHMUK PV R 37591 has a relative minimum maturity of 5 based on the presence of a mound-like dorsolateral trochanter on the femur (character 16, state 1 [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whiteside DI & Duffin CJ" box="[1133,1158,1873,1895]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. J. Linn. Soc." pageId="4" pageNumber="16" pagination="677 - 705" part="179" refId="ref18718" refString="16. Whiteside DI, Duffin CJ. 2017 Late Triassic terrestrial microvertebrates from Charles Moore ' s ' Microlestes ' quarry, Holwell, Somerset, UK. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 179, 677 - 705. (doi: 10.1111 / zoj. 12458)" title="Late Triassic terrestrial microvertebrates from Charles Moore ' s ' Microlestes ' quarry, Holwell, Somerset, UK" type="journal article" year="2017">16</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whiteside DI & Duffin CJ & Gill PG & Marshall JEA & Benton MJ" box="[1170,1181,1873,1896]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontol. Pol." pageId="4" pageNumber="16" pagination="257 - 287" part="67" refId="ref17991" refString="1. Whiteside DI, Duffin CJ, Gill PG, Marshall JEA, Benton MJ. 2016 The Late Triassic and Early Jurassic fissure faunas from Bristol and South Wales: stratigraphy and setting. Palaeontol. Pol. 67, 257 - 287. (doi: 10.4202 / pp. 2016.67 _ 257)" title="The Late Triassic and Early Jurassic fissure faunas from Bristol and South Wales: stratigraphy and setting" type="journal article" year="2016">1</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]), the presence of the
|
||
<emphasis box="[313,600,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="16">linea intermuscularis caudalis</emphasis>
|
||
on the femur (18–1), and the presence of an ‘obturator ridge’ on the femur (20–1), and a maximum maturity of 19 based on the co-ossification of less than four sacral vertebrae (2–0), the absence of co-ossification between the ilium and pubis (8–0), the absence of an ‘anterolateral scar’ on the femur (19–0), and the presence of a gracile and thin fourth trochanter of the femur (23–0). The relative maximum maturity indicates that the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spiekman & Ezcurra & Butler & Fraser & Maidment" authorityYear="2021" box="[974,1083,1873,1894]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Pendraig" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="milnerae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[974,1083,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">P. milnerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was likely not fully skeletally mature, but the relatively large number of characters scored as 1 indicates that it likely also did not represent an early ontogenetic stage. For example, the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spiekman & Ezcurra & Butler & Fraser & Maidment" authorityYear="2021" box="[953,1063,1937,1958]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Pendraig" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="milnerae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[953,1063,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">P. milnerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is interpreted as more skeletally mature than the type specimens of
|
||
<emphasis box="[680,913,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Liliensternus liliensterni</emphasis>
|
||
and as mature as or potentially more mature than the holotype of
|
||
<emphasis box="[497,677,1725,1747]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Gojirasaurus quayi</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Griffin CT & Nesbitt SJ" box="[690,718,1724,1746]" journalOrPublisher="Anat. Rec." pageId="6" pageNumber="18" pagination="1158 - 1169" part="303" refId="ref20556" refString="57. Griffin CT, Nesbitt SJ. 2020 Does the maximum body size of theropods increase across the Triassic - Jurassic boundary? Integrating ontogeny, phylogeny, and body size. Anat. Rec. 303, 1158 - 1169. (doi: 10.1002 / ar. 24130)" title="Does the maximum body size of theropods increase across the Triassic - Jurassic boundary? Integrating ontogeny, phylogeny, and body size" type="journal article" year="2020">57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], which are considerably larger than the new taxon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |