233 lines
17 KiB
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233 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050" ID-PMC="PMC8930920" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-10-e76050" ID-Pensoft-UUID="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" ID-PubMed="35437414" ModsDocID="1314-2828-10-e76050" checkinTime="1647039089382" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Simon, Andrew D. F., Adamczyk, Emily M., Basman, Antranig, Chu, Jackson W. F., Gartner, Heidi N., Fletcher, Karin, Gibbs, Charles J., Gibbs, Donna M., Gilmore, Scott R., Harbo, Rick M., Harris, Leslie H., Humphrey, Elaine, Lamb, Andy, Lambert, Philip, McDaniel, Neil, Scott, Jessica & Starzomski, Brian M." docDate="2022" docId="E8B6AD3103F351C99ECC735EE6BD9149" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 10: e76050" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 10" docPubDate="2022-03-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050" docTitle="Magallana Hatschek 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" lastPageNumber="76050" masterDocId="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" masterDocTitle="Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology" masterLastPageNumber="76050" masterPageNumber="76050" pageNumber="76050" updateTime="1668121969866" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Simon, Andrew D. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-8974</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">adfsimon@imerss.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Adamczyk, Emily M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Basman, Antranig</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chu, Jackson W. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7776-9446</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gartner, Heidi N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fletcher, Karin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Port Orchard 98366, Port Orchard, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gibbs, Charles J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gibbs, Donna M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gilmore, Scott R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>7494 Andrea Cres, Lantzville, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harbo, Rick M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harris, Leslie H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Humphrey, Elaine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lamb, Andy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lambert, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>McDaniel, Neil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>McDaniel Photography, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scott, Jessica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ocean Wise, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Starzomski, Brian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-03-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>76050</mods:start>
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<mods:end>76050</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-10-e76050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8B6AD3103F351C99ECC735EE6BD9149" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8B6AD3103F351C99ECC735EE6BD9149" lastPageNumber="76050" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<taxonomicName LSID="E8B6AD31-03F3-51C9-9ECC-735EE6BD9149" authority="Hatschek, 1888" authorityName="Hatschek" authorityYear="1888" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Phoronida" rank="phylum">Phoronida Hatschek, 1888</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Notes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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[
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">1 class: 1 order: 1 family: 1 genus: 1 species</emphasis>
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]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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'
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<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Phoronida" rank="phylum">Phoronida</taxonomicName>
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' is the plural form of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="phylum’s">phylum's</normalizedToken>
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type genus
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<taxonomicName class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Phoronis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoronis" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Phoronis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, likely derived from the Latin '
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<taxonomicName class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Phoronis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoronis" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Phoronis</taxonomicName>
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' (the last name of the mythical Io, priestess of Argos).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Phoronida" rank="phylum">Phoronida</taxonomicName>
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(horseshoe worms) are a small phylum of soft-bodied filter-feeding marine animals that form upright tubes of chiton to support their bodies. Worldwide the phylum includes two genera, comprising 13 recognised species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Cetacean Research and Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6696482" refString="Board WoRMS Editorial World Register of Marine Species https://www.marinespecies.org 2021-01-12T00:00:00+02:00" year="2007">WoRMS Editorial Board 2021</bibRefCitation>
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). Six species are reported for the Northeast Pacific (
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<bibRefCitation author="Carlton, JT" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662886" refString="Carlton, JT, 2007. The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. University of California Press, Berkeley" title="The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon" year="2007">Carlton 2007</bibRefCitation>
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), of which one species is known locally:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Oka" authorityYear="1897" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Phoronis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoronis ijimai" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ijimai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Phoronis ijimai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Oka, 1897) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F6668455" captionText="Figure 17. Phoronis ijimai (white colonial Phoronid) - Photograph by Karolle Wall." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/503126" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">17</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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Phoronids are benthic organisms that occur at depths ranging from the intertidal zone to about 400 m of depth in all oceans and seas throughout the world, except the Antarctic seas (
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<bibRefCitation author="Temereva, E. N." journalOrPublisher="Doklady Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="523 - 525" refId="B6747701" refString="Temereva, E. N., Malakhov, V. V., Yakovis, E. L., Fokin, M. V., 2000. Phoronis ovalis (Phoronida, Lophophorata) in the White Sea: the first discovery of phoronids in the Arctic Basin. Doklady Biological Sciences 374: 523 - 525" title="Phoronis ovalis (Phoronida, Lophophorata) in the White Sea: the first discovery of phoronids in the Arctic Basin" volume="374" year="2000">Temereva et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Emig, C. C." journalOrPublisher="Thompson Gale" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6747710" refString="Emig, C. C., 2003. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 2: Protostomes. Thompson Gale" title="Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 2: Protostomes" year="2003">Emig 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). Their larvae are pelagic and feed on plankton, sometimes comprising a large proportion of zooplanktonic biomass (
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<bibRefCitation author="Temereva, E. N." journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="47 - 64" refId="B6747723" refString="Temereva, E. N., 2010. New data on distribution, morphology and taxonomy of phoronid larvae (Lophophorata: Phoronida). Invertebrate Zoology 6 (1): 47 - 64" title="New data on distribution, morphology and taxonomy of phoronid larvae (Lophophorata: Phoronida)" volume="6" year="2010">Temereva 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). Of the six species reported for the region, it is uncertain which may be expected to occur around Galiano Island, though
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pixell" authorityYear="1912" class="Ophiuroidea" genus="Phoronopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoronopsis harmeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="harmeri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Phoronopsis harmeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Pixell, 1912) has been reported nearby from the Saanich Inlet (RBCM 976-01136-010). Collections are sparse for this understudied phylum and much doubt surrounds the taxonomy and distributional ecology of the regional fauna. Keys are based on fully developed larval stages, so investigations into this phylum generally entail raising larvae to advanced stages so that they can be reliably compared to illustrations for identification (
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<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, K. B." journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6747732" refString="Johnson, K. B., Zimmer, R. L., 2002. Atlas of marine invertebrate larvae. Academic Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands" title="Atlas of marine invertebrate larvae" year="2002">Johnson and Zimmer 2002</bibRefCitation>
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). Even then, their determination is usually based on internal anatomy, which often can only be gleaned by examining microscopically thin sections (
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<bibRefCitation author="Carlton, JT" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662886" refString="Carlton, JT, 2007. The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. University of California Press, Berkeley" title="The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon" year="2007">Carlton 2007</bibRefCitation>
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). Given the challenges associated with this group, most collections at the Royal British Columbia Museum remain unidentified.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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Phoronids are called "horseshoe worms" because the top of their worm-like body contains rows of ciliated tentacles forming a horseshoe shape. This is the lophophore-the feeding organ they share in common with the
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<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="phylum">Brachiopoda</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="phylum">Bryozoa</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Entoprocta" rank="phylum">Entoprocta</taxonomicName>
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. References to the phoronids reported for the region may be found in
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<bibRefCitation author="Kozloff, E. N." journalOrPublisher="University of Washington Press, Seattle" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662860" refString="Kozloff, E. N., 1996. Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle" title="Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest" year="1996">Kozloff (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lamb, A." journalOrPublisher="Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662869" refString="Lamb, A., Hanby, B. P., 2005. Marine life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes. Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" title="Marine life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes" year="2005">Lamb and Hanby (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Carlton, JT" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662886" refString="Carlton, JT, 2007. The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. University of California Press, Berkeley" title="The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon" year="2007">Carlton (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Austin, W. C." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6747365" refString="Baldwin A. The lophophorate phyla of British Columbia: entoprocts, bryozoans, phoronids, and brachiopods https://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/efauna/documents/Lophophorates%20of%20BCBaldwin2009.pdf 2021-02-13T00:00:00+02:00" year="2014">Baldwin (2009e)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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<bibRefCitation author="Jensen, G. C." journalOrPublisher="MolaMarine, Bremerton" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662971" refString="Jensen, G. C., Gotshall, D. W., Miller, R. E. F., 2018. Beneath Pacific tides: subtidal invertebrates of the West Coast. MolaMarine, Bremerton" title="Beneath Pacific tides: subtidal invertebrates of the West Coast" year="2018">Jensen et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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. For annotated records of phoronids reported for Galiano Island, see supplementary materials (Suppl. material 15).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |