1364 lines
178 KiB
XML
1364 lines
178 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2682-955X-36-203" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B71D01051D4857C893A48E00795C1994" ID-ZooBank="09ED8E5A862742E1A02F88D774EFF5B2" ModsDocID="2682-955X-36-203" checkinTime="1692098430889" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Decemson, Ht., Lalremsanga, Hmar Tlawmte, Elangbam, Premjit Singh, Vabeiryureilai, Mathipi, Shinde, Parag, Purkayastha, Jayaditya, Arkhipov, Dmitriy V., Bragin, Andrey M. & Poyarkov, Nikolay A." docDate="2023" docId="E4B73CD1031655F98688145752E360CD" docLanguage="en" docName="Herpetozoa 36: 203-224" docOrigin="Herpetozoa 36" docPubDate="2023-08-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614" docTitle="Tylototriton zaimeng Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="2A07583B-5CEF-42DD-99E4-38F366575304" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="B71D01051D4857C893A48E00795C1994" lastPageNumber="203" masterDocId="B71D01051D4857C893A48E00795C1994" masterDocTitle="A new cryptic species of Tylototriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from mysterious mountain lakes in Manipur, north-eastern India" masterLastPageNumber="224" masterPageNumber="203" pageNumber="203" updateTime="1692098733169" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A04A486A0662D3BBE469346385A8A67D">A new cryptic species of Tylototriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from mysterious mountain lakes in Manipur, north-eastern India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A2221EBA0FD196D0C596A9DB2B281D79">Decemson, Ht.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D3C4BECA4C9F98D78ACACC0D8583739D">Developmental Biology and Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5C6B627BAD37819AC78F2CA1E37E37D7">Lalremsanga, Hmar Tlawmte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="78AC770FF2DDEDF1797DB695D93F0DDA">Developmental Biology and Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="92A9E4D9E2078F257B4E41E9673D6785" type="email">htlrsa@yahoo.co.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E4F8608AA94C0F1CE7E0786F9A68A83E">Elangbam, Premjit Singh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="63A1DDA53D6EA6AB4C340198E80487B3">Wildlife Explorer's Manipur, Toubul, Manipur, 795126, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9C8679659839E46F33C061A3BC22F636">Vabeiryureilai, Mathipi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="355B33467035297389112C0935385547">Developmental Biology and Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F7E59EE3116F653CB06B125841AF8C70">Shinde, Parag</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A6BAF2AB89BDC0D6FB14F16F7894D541">Developmental Biology and Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BDC34B1CEB84ED690FEA648CF1BF4798">Purkayastha, Jayaditya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="95BE3D7C5EA2B12B4A51BF4E8890B993">Help Earth, Raghunath Choudhury Path, Lachitnagar, Guwahati 781007, Assam, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="85153491F1D49728A8D6BE950C977C7E">Arkhipov, Dmitriy V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3098D93B5E4D06823CF6E6820850F89A">Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="68810CC4C0248FE1256B6826BB9D0347">Bragin, Andrey M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1EC090206A2DCC360ACBFA447F73C8B0">Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, 122000, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="23D0FA8E41F671FFB8D622463AB640B8">Poyarkov, Nikolay A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9D15A2A88187264A4FF1171C6CC446CA">Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia & Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, 122000, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="92A21868878E6B88073B12FB1854A71B" type="email">n.poyarkov@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E464C686414A602CF94EC8FCBB4C4A2A">Herpetozoa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="65F4CF01E00BADC5BF74CBA14969252B">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="819EDAFDF61922A375C153A157E2DBC7">2023-08-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B8C8C8786EA6AB397E0098FD51A06240">36</mods:number>
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<treatment id="E4B73CD1031655F98688145752E360CD" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2A07583B-5CEF-42DD-99E4-38F366575304" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4B73CD1031655F98688145752E360CD" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
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<subSubSection id="E56EC9F4D31D3BF3E39259848B56232B" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CA5CF685ECCD9A993479EC5E529A6F23" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
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<taxonomicName id="DCC6E2FEABBF9F8C6FACD9F7D829ABE4" LSID="https://zoobank.org/2A07583B-5CEF-42DD-99E4-38F366575304" authority="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov, 2023" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng" status="sp. nov.">Tylototriton zaimeng</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C832313E3408F77911FBA2926BD47F0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="05957B11B9F74644A909191CF8A6F3AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5B4A04B0A0A6180804EF6D221EBCE54F" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
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<figureCitation id="558DD684B4219BF9AD2B5C0010F4A117" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood inference consensus tree of genus Tylototriton derived from analysis of 1,157 bp ND 2 and 508 bp 16 S rRNA gene fragments. For voucher specimen information, geographic localities and GenBank accession numbers, see Table 1. Distribution of the species of Tylototriton highlighted in colour is shown in Fig. 1. Numbers at tree nodes correspond to MLUFBS and BIPP support values, respectively. Photograph by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892311" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">; Figs 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="21E58D3DB38AC8D151F920728A71D753" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. and T. panwaensis. A. Tylototriton panwaensis (adult male ZMMU NAP- 09477, from Sadung, Myitkyina, Kachin, Myanmar; photograph by Nikolay A. Poyarkov) and Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (adult female MZMU 3041, from Chingjaroi Ngachaphung, Ukhrul, Manipur, India; photograph by Andrey M. Bragin) in life; B. PCA plots of PCA 1 versus PCA 2 for morphological parameters of the two Tylototriton species." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892312" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="807DDD9F819B8E0A629BBFD2774CAF05" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Vomerine tooth series of A. Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041) and B. T. panwaensis (ZMMU NAP- 09477). Drawing by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892313" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="F0C2182E3D613552C4D0A74CD9950D83" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="29DBE0128F4C4B3D852E1F95E415C342" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU- 3041, female) in situ. Photograph by Andrey M. Bragin and Ht. Decemson." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892315" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="51AD3A76C6DE8999F3CFE9033019A2E4" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Variation of dorsal colouration in paratypes of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. Scale bar: 10 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892316" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="24F023A8FFE31B854CDEA79BFDF22091" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of larval specimen (MZMU 3037; Bernardes et al. (2017) stage 45) of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in life. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892317" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">, 8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="90FB9420BF17EA95A4AF41D0CC27A25E" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Natural habitat of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. at Zaimeng Lake, Koubru Forest Division, Kangpokpi, Manipur, India. A. Vegetation surrounding the Zaimeng Lake; B. Males of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in situ; C. Breeding habitat of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov., numerous individuals can be seen on the muddy bottom of the lake. Photographs by Parag Shinde and Ht. Decemson." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892318" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">, 9 Proposed English name: Zaimeng Lake Crocodile Newt</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="000C3ADAD05B9172535E24014FA62BF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="2124B5B092DDE5B4E821D20B1D6E78C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="44CBBB9B49D5C7F7C0BF4F64246FE969" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
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<emphasis id="804C80097AAD0E57BDDFAD9E6CB3E1ED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
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<emphasis id="A93091A4DBD5EAD33120804F6F015868" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Holotype</emphasis>
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||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MZMU3041, an adult female from a swamp on forest clearing surrounded by montane evergreen tropical forest in Chingjaroi Ngachaphung, Ukhrul District, Manipur State, north-eastern India (coordinates
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<geoCoordinate id="5418C56A4EA8A22EE05C22720E43BC96" degrees="25.385" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="25.385">25.385°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C007BD88FA65504F1B090B95492E1BA0" degrees="94.458" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="94.458">94.458°E</geoCoordinate>
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; elevation 1,630 m a.s.l.; datum = WGS84), collected on 20 November 2022 at 18:00 h by Ht. Decemson.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EA72B12D3FE4D67B9C5BCA5EAC294D53" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
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<emphasis id="7DEA62CC2D5B30C36210326701F55DA9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
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<emphasis id="4A9F2F1D0794DCA8C8B8E80EF218A4A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Paratypes</emphasis>
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||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MZMU3035-3036, two adult males from a forest lake in Phungyar (environs of Tangkhul Hungdung), Kamjong District, Manipur State, north-eastern India (coordinates
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||
<geoCoordinate id="98D1E71E1895AD879355636584361EE8" degrees="24.811" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="24.811">24.811°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="15FE27BE9445543612BBA3FD8D069C07" degrees="94.245" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="94.245">94.245°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; elevation 1,184 m a.s.l.), collected in July 2022 by Ht. Decemson and Shamungou; MZMU-2942-2947, six adult females from the Zaimeng Lake, Koubru Forest Division, environs of Chawangkining Village, Kangpokpi District, Manipur State, North-eastern India (coordinates
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D62925E1CBBCFCFFBC921596B150E57F" degrees="25.238" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="25.238">25.238°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5D235F9B9694BEE272AFC42347E84600" degrees="93.944" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="93.944">93.944°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; elevation 2,212 m a.s.l.), collected on 18 July 2022 at 18:00 h by Ht. Decemson; MZMU-2948-2950, three adult males from the Zaimeng Lake, Koubru Forest Division, environs of Chawangkining Village, Kangpokpi District, Manipur State, north-eastern India (coordinates
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="62CB8A8590927091505E099F57AA1BA7" degrees="25.238" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="25.238">25.238°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96DCDFC342EE20EF931354BBADFAAEE6" degrees="93.944" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="93.944">93.944°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; elevation 2,212 m a.s.l.; datum = WGS84), collected on 18 July 2022 at 18:00 h by Ht.Decemson.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="750EFC7DC5210CFB8B79AA9A4C00E4F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="referred specimens">
|
||
<paragraph id="B5A3E28583BC95C629C123675BDC7BE7" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Referred specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E0B4A32939F3D1BDCD219D3019A569DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
MZMU-3037-3040, four larvae premetamorphic stage 45 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="04B956BEDEB60D9CBD47B08EB40AEE32" author="Bernardes, M" journalOrPublisher="Amphibian & Reptile Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" pagination="72 - 87" refId="B4" refString="Bernardes, M, Rauhaus, A, Michel, C, Pham, CT, Nguyen, TQ, Le, MD, Bonkowski, M, Ziegler, T, 2017. Larval development and breeding ecology of Ziegler's Crocodile Newt, Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui and Nguyen, 2013 (Caudata: Salamandridae), compared to other Tylototriton representatives. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 11: 72 - 87" title="Larval development and breeding ecology of Ziegler's Crocodile Newt, Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui and Nguyen, 2013 (Caudata: Salamandridae), compared to other Tylototriton representatives." volume="11" year="2017">Bernardes et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from the same locality and with the same collection information as the holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2C9F1D3BA517BF56E8F71F6C4A6FB432" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E6BCCC0079D4A68DB2CF28B7F4D3A23" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="65D94AA6344403FD5D801047D8F2FF00" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
The new species is assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61F4A7ADB38A367B073BFF5A963DF711" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A09A4A3E4618DF20448E504A099EE8DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having the following combination of morphological attributes: (1) the presence of dorsal granules, (2) dorsolateral bony ridges on the head, (3) the presence of dorsolateral series of rib nodules (knob-like warts); and (4) the absence of a quadrate spine and molecular data (see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBFEB73CA01986C45C6BDFA0CD978EE9" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood inference consensus tree of genus Tylototriton derived from analysis of 1,157 bp ND 2 and 508 bp 16 S rRNA gene fragments. For voucher specimen information, geographic localities and GenBank accession numbers, see Table 1. Distribution of the species of Tylototriton highlighted in colour is shown in Fig. 1. Numbers at tree nodes correspond to MLUFBS and BIPP support values, respectively. Photograph by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892311" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C3FFAB8AD617B1D7BF22AEA9CE91499" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="22CF610E2341BB6FB040E6D082EC34AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeners by a combination of the following morphological attributes: (1) medium body size, adult SVL 61.4-67.5 mm in males, 61.6-68.7 mm in females; (2) tail comparatively short, subequal or slightly longer than body in both sexes, lacking lateral grooves; (3) skin roughly granulated; (4) head massive and wide, relative maximal head width comprising 24.3-27.9% of SVL; (5) snout rounded in dorsal view; (6) supratemporal bony ridges on head very wide, protruding, with rough surface, beginning at the snout; (7) sagittal ridge on head well-distinct, very wide and protruding; (8) limbs comparatively short, tips of fore-limb and hind-limb not overlapping when adpressed along body; (9) vertebral ridge distinct, wide and not segmented; (10) rib nodules distinct, 13-14 along each side of body; (11) background colouration brown; (12) head, vertebral ridge, rib nodules, palms, soles, vent and ventral tail ridge with dull orange to yellowish-brown markings; (13) vomerine teeth organised in two distinctly curved bell-shaped widening anteriorly series, with 81-113 teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F6BD2E17297CC34FA99A860B4A8801A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph id="945730778EBE079D86A45D9763186368" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="674AB340B33C8D740567CEC3BAA9DF26" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
The new species can be easily distinguished from members of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F1DB4871CC1765F7E41A7B54377F490" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton (Yaotriton)" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Yaotriton">Tylototriton Yaotriton</taxonomicName>
|
||
(clades 3-5 in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="416E42D1A76A1BD374860076129EFC11" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood inference consensus tree of genus Tylototriton derived from analysis of 1,157 bp ND 2 and 508 bp 16 S rRNA gene fragments. For voucher specimen information, geographic localities and GenBank accession numbers, see Table 1. Distribution of the species of Tylototriton highlighted in colour is shown in Fig. 1. Numbers at tree nodes correspond to MLUFBS and BIPP support values, respectively. Photograph by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892311" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">2</figureCitation>
|
||
) by having light colour markings on head, vertebral ridge, rib nodules, palms, soles, vent and ventral tail ridge (vs. dark body colouration, except for palms and soles, vent region and ventral ridge of tail in most members of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B673D062E127C02D0758A739DA71B753" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton (Yaotriton)" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Yaotriton">Tylototriton Yaotriton</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the exception of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DA7C0F21EFA9FEF63B6CB2A3B449D9C" lsidName="T. panhai" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panhai">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2494816251C10C25A91F07CFED0F1E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. panhai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The new species can be further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AE7403FB0DA9F68290E45F6C4509E06" lsidName="T. panhai" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panhai">
|
||
<emphasis id="6660A1F3B419C72B8ABA3D75B32C1E3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. panhai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having light colour markings on entire limbs (vs. distinct light markings only on palms, soles and fingers in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE3AF665E6B438ADC12C88B349C342BF" lsidName="T. panhai" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panhai">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA8EF85C50694345978761FCA7D85146" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. panhai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A0B3BBEEDAE1D61D9A5BDE3D9A0EA63" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C5A4B437FF7F48A0646082E26F3757C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1CBE380DD102A2E8948E713DA8BD7DD3" lsidName="T. taliangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="taliangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5B473E7EE135FCB4237DEA36E3570C2C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. taliangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(member of clade 2, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FB23A2B2B2BB7BB4F85ABFD5185FFF14" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood inference consensus tree of genus Tylototriton derived from analysis of 1,157 bp ND 2 and 508 bp 16 S rRNA gene fragments. For voucher specimen information, geographic localities and GenBank accession numbers, see Table 1. Distribution of the species of Tylototriton highlighted in colour is shown in Fig. 1. Numbers at tree nodes correspond to MLUFBS and BIPP support values, respectively. Photograph by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892311" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">2</figureCitation>
|
||
), by having light markings on distinct rib nodules, lips and parotoids (vs. lacking distinct rib nodules, generally dark charcoal-black body colouration with light orange to red markings only on the posterior part of parotoids, digits, palms, soles, vent and ventral tail ridge in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF42B9231091E2E7FF866974E207D58B" lsidName="T. taliangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="taliangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BB42DEA693E1D3A8FA27E47DA8C71B11" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. taliangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E974E2FDD470398EAA87A35D6A430553" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA24799E458A5412B9491294744351B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D140BEAEE31C4593990A75B86C6D0A7" lsidName="T. pseudoverrucosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="pseudoverrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B697E5DFE72FD3C4D68B575DD593A8C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. pseudoverrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(clade 2, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FB1C1A7E9CCDE1F06A05D99219F04685" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood inference consensus tree of genus Tylototriton derived from analysis of 1,157 bp ND 2 and 508 bp 16 S rRNA gene fragments. For voucher specimen information, geographic localities and GenBank accession numbers, see Table 1. Distribution of the species of Tylototriton highlighted in colour is shown in Fig. 1. Numbers at tree nodes correspond to MLUFBS and BIPP support values, respectively. Photograph by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892311" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">2</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9861605B123BA18CAB8BCF286409D71C" lsidName="T. kweichowensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="kweichowensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C3BAAF4BEF032A80B678B6106FAA3BA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. kweichowensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(clade 1, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="801C184BBBF6CD3ED89EC37F7BCF45E9" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood inference consensus tree of genus Tylototriton derived from analysis of 1,157 bp ND 2 and 508 bp 16 S rRNA gene fragments. For voucher specimen information, geographic localities and GenBank accession numbers, see Table 1. Distribution of the species of Tylototriton highlighted in colour is shown in Fig. 1. Numbers at tree nodes correspond to MLUFBS and BIPP support values, respectively. Photograph by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892311" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">2</figureCitation>
|
||
) by having isolated light markings on rib nodules (vs. connected markings forming light dorsolateral lines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B66B09BC1C4DFE9B9F3C64A62B8D25" lsidName="T. pseudoverrucosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="pseudoverrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42EA91FB45FF6D92F42996CC7A06EEE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. pseudoverrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8B9CF53384B225F0EA80958E65984DC" lsidName="T. kweichowensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="kweichowensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC427E7E747F6430F71F54F3E7FDF201" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. kweichowensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E94F4BF252F96804C42B7ECFE0F1BA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
Based the results of phylogenetic analyses (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="68CF36A2226F2377B7AB27F6FA072A0B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood inference consensus tree of genus Tylototriton derived from analysis of 1,157 bp ND 2 and 508 bp 16 S rRNA gene fragments. For voucher specimen information, geographic localities and GenBank accession numbers, see Table 1. Distribution of the species of Tylototriton highlighted in colour is shown in Fig. 1. Numbers at tree nodes correspond to MLUFBS and BIPP support values, respectively. Photograph by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892311" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">2</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DED22D777F2A23025051D405BF9BE7E0" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="A71AA26AC31C689DBFF35755EB308940" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. falls into clade 1 of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED405E4E70BEDE231BCDD122A04C98D" authority="Tylototriton" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton (Tylototriton)" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tylototriton">Tylototriton Tylototriton</taxonomicName>
|
||
s. str. and, hence, morphological comparisons with members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0436C4672390F235857919B740D3D1F9" lsidName="T. verrucosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C187848414EA1A4C00770A259171B092" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group members appear to be the most pertinent. Morphological comparisons on several diagnostic characters between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EF65E03B71F916B8A7FCE73781694A1" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="7C9B9837F1AB60CF34CA66551DFFDB08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and the closely-related members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A398EE2966D6E3D89AF6B125D936BA24" lsidName="T. verrucosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F4C9BFEE17CF683E811B1808C356168" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group are summarised in Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="420F6D89842CA8323032E287766D4BB8" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
. An important morphological difference which distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06A5796B148568E14A12250497DF2364" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA0883D4C466CB83198EDD25B087C875" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from all other members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0B377C19AFE012704144186438DDA39" lsidName="T. verrucosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7521D6B30CF0E668B02D710E384FBEBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group members is the shape of vomerine tooth series (VTS), which are distinctly curved and bell-shaped in the new species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0B48D95320EB25ADCFA8D988ECC7A62E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Vomerine tooth series of A. Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041) and B. T. panwaensis (ZMMU NAP- 09477). Drawing by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892313" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
): VTS are distinctly widening in the anterior one-third of their length, further gradually widening posteriorly, reaching maximal width in the posterior one third of VTS length; this shape of VTS appears to be quite stable and was observed in all examined adult specimens of the new species. In contrary, in all members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2B110914B53596CD468442C88BFCA7F1" lsidName="T. verrucosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8BBBE85D5B42F908CFE26FFCFB27411" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group for which the shape of VTS was reported (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="481A2CBA7691E2691388FDD6CD412BF2" lsidName="T. houi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="houi">
|
||
<emphasis id="95EE9E06AB222CB0DF8F375374BE3C10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. houi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF7CAEF04AE743ED0DC049F3960BCCED" lsidName="T. panwaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panwaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4872D553D53CCED0E96C1E416B01E01C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. panwaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DDD5D09825753AF593C4A9DA1E12C26" lsidName="T. kachinorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="kachinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1536F6ABDE91DD6AB20ED27057EA41EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. kachinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="505F27D2292D87968BFB26CF1BA7A0A4" lsidName="T. verrucosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="52C448E9586CA9A1E2B4E374844CDD3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6AABA53DF94805D28319BB44031F3B8A" lsidName="T. shanjing" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="shanjing">
|
||
<emphasis id="4715A5E6C9F56BBC2F5994DE5B9F42BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. shanjing</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE06AF0CA4745C9AB90039CA7B69016F" lsidName="T. uyenoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="uyenoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="165DD5EAD859E5A120A24640B4412856" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. uyenoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21619E78F7D29EE09C9F35858286D8BA" lsidName="T. anguliceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="anguliceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E6E81327E2CA4BBECFA83D60B98E2F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. anguliceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA70A4E1583A661269959C3C91DEACFD" lsidName="T. podichthys" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="podichthys">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDD807C276246A4B9DB33E8E89FB78C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. podichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17B6C171179738CE016A1CA2A7B9474D" lsidName="T. yangi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="89144EFF6D162539C9A0AF0E52A5C010" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), it was described as inverted V-shape with VTS branches being comparatively straight in the anterior half of their length (see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA0015EAAF3A2037155C5DC443457393" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Vomerine tooth series of A. Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041) and B. T. panwaensis (ZMMU NAP- 09477). Drawing by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892313" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" ID-Table-UUID="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" start="Table 4" startId="T4">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB99D3CA2350D69E45BC79A239CB5B9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AD2998A7D038B67EB8B351D2646E03" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Table 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological comparison between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8764BB08BA7E8B473744AA590AE4B10" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton verrucosus" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD5B3F1F9CBAC1644912D5EEFF9A537B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7C1001245190705AB244800AC4D7DEBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<table id="DDB2F5B1641A97A1FEF5A8E10C6B1B6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<tr id="F207158140B4AEFCE8C6BE3E5D00981A" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<th id="4107ACD35CA11BA894BE24DD30E2761C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="2">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="F5C964D37CC786117151499FD1F4234E" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D7B6D400E740A208F077B61F2FEF497" lsidName="T. ngarsuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="ngarsuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A09249B733F234FDE85B442D168F600D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. ngarsuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="B2EEB518B79307F05609A5783BC55154" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D3319A84987482070D4107803111B6E" lsidName="T. panwaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panwaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12B526C1A2509D3EBD578DDB1FE7C946" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. panwaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="CE10F8C77213D30359C56E7AD02AA3F3" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="321686EB67B4EDF503820903907D97ED" lsidName="T. phukhaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="phukhaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="568BCFD71605C07207F79B9A87DEB634" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. phukhaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2D0CD1958B5491615C554B3C7E4C5000" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23F72AC651B67843143088E4A8F3467C" lsidName="T. podichthys" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="podichthys">
|
||
<emphasis id="20F814172F481EA37F656A5B02185B35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. podichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="101F46930365C928498123F46EF4D366" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<th id="3BEA35369B12FA17F10AE740FAA6675B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||
<th id="263EF14AF1EBF094FC940419B89CDAFB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||
<th id="580F683DA95957BF1F59D6C46E85CCB1" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||
<th id="1C1B5B13CCED160FC41493A3CD41F80E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||
<th id="FBD574D7D87108AA7A21FC9E07319D35" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||
<th id="E6B07A7F94133874F43C0C9DA04CA6F6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||
<th id="656B4B567F7E4D0641A058E49CEF1D66" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B146467FF0F8F148E68575A12A7941C" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="7DFCBC8F0083C0F0A478CFFF848E4C5D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C81A1E56BE712A9A457F1F62D9B4DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Character</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="2C48762E9E93308C9949550C7BBDC9F2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td id="72DC9D2618AB41DF6A05CF6D29D09A3D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td id="BE7EFEFF86E9EF3D7FC39F63927FDD42" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
<td id="FEC38D4FC5F9ADE992972F1355491A6F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td id="C45E982A8DDF9EE4723FA05FA2CC587B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td id="5FFFD6537EB0C7B9A0E28DE0D0E1AE32" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td id="F29F286660D3943F70DC2E52274D5707" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6B8231DE4A70CF42D5057A1ECEC31F06" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="E89496212DE84557CF2699AF82421306" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DDA830D2F82B24C6C9932AEE103632B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">SVL (in mm)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="F11E359302A86EFB8D332168058A4F1C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">84.5</td>
|
||
<td id="871E50657955926444FCCAE45491C47E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">74.9-102.3</td>
|
||
<td id="17D52FD06299DE6185557B824CCF1195" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">72.9</td>
|
||
<td id="DFA5E135CF59DD5ADE9735157EE1AF22" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">68.9-79.3</td>
|
||
<td id="2B8607C7D6A30BC39740E6DCBAD6ADDA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">64.3</td>
|
||
<td id="AE78C377FD40C5530A3548D2EF22C507" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">68.9-70.2</td>
|
||
<td id="86E1A23A7666F32A39C27B252AF1593E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">56.5-60.2</td>
|
||
<td id="CA8EBF1A8DA52575C94F19E0B42C1336" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">73.4-78.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B87F75A5AC75D8331BF5AC0F279DC81C" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="BFCB7BC8981120202A6A34E328088602" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="631EC71BB66AE1FFBEF834AE37359047" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">RHL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="A0C25E20636D03BE2A6C96B1F21DF901" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">24.0</td>
|
||
<td id="EF241919A1EBBC283130E0100FDB4DD8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">22.0-26.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0E3E615ABDD14328E403736F31027FDD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">21.4</td>
|
||
<td id="E66C314AC78BA9CE5406E409C377C740" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">17.3-23.4</td>
|
||
<td id="6D87F26F2AB78E9B96032249FCF6C4F8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">25.0</td>
|
||
<td id="134F5A41048EB7BD552EC32C34E08DBC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">23.1-24.8</td>
|
||
<td id="867811A448975A4949CEC2F4B3F79AE7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">32.6-34.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BBF6C628349AFA9F4472EB026727D718" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">28.1-29.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="02493F980EE25F7422C371D4C0841DBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="92EE375DAC410645EEFD8371780C8DC5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="842FFABCC566E5229FAA1FDFCBFA012F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">RHW</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="3603540AB5790B0B692D2452568CD440" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">26.3</td>
|
||
<td id="54AFD243D610DD68572A63328DA0E882" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">24.0-28.0</td>
|
||
<td id="545749B04EEC4642EFEB6640869A78D9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">18.5</td>
|
||
<td id="D8BE5384DA142445F83FD557A74DE55C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">16.4-20.6</td>
|
||
<td id="D4CAA5A0AF3AB2BC0A8183A0830016BE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">19.2</td>
|
||
<td id="4DA856D683806D0E97B6D44340B77A5C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">17.7-18.7</td>
|
||
<td id="959787714D13266215FC7ED18E58E164" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">26.4-28.0</td>
|
||
<td id="82B170D34427AB7793AEBB055263BE8B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">24.8-25.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9E4392616D4049E3A307829704385747" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="89848D20D2F805299618E72ED1417EA1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="DCC542B3778317764F5971BE7B7258F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">RIND</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="965EF79CF0B898EB7F421FE22BE07920" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">8.2</td>
|
||
<td id="C6F98BF69366CDB20397DAE74A84615E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">7.7-8.8</td>
|
||
<td id="890259050D20A865416233ACCA4F123F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">6.4</td>
|
||
<td id="7954E54D4DEA8371BEC6C5903F2BDCBD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">6.0-6.7</td>
|
||
<td id="D7716C1AAD5AF174F623E1FB819E1CAA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2BDC28A1491AC9D758390D519A12DA6B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">6.0-5.9</td>
|
||
<td id="D3617024B4EA4411B73D65552C059419" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">8.3-8.7</td>
|
||
<td id="1665E9C93681095CE10D40459FAA975F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">7.5-7.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="83819DFDF1F5A1CA03073341D6AC66B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="1D122AAA9D8586F68E1B35B44F2B9DD4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="897524858DEF73D6B61AC6E4361DAA5F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">RAGD</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="DE1991462EA83E535378D1DF10B07755" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">49.7</td>
|
||
<td id="CDA3718F43ABA4B9E2E78B505253DAAE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">48.0-51.0</td>
|
||
<td id="F9CB84C6A4AAFE249A7CAC136B7D2E17" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">53.4</td>
|
||
<td id="E9B7CC407BD3AA7710633A879B6EFCE8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">46.5-55.9</td>
|
||
<td id="ADE3D66B748E7382BB3E8BE615641AA6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">56.6</td>
|
||
<td id="8AF885E1B0BDCE65A8AC4639D813C6AE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">54.7-56.6</td>
|
||
<td id="1D13DB85CD88115F22A6F2A5EC57BAE8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">48.0-50.7</td>
|
||
<td id="45564628BAAA3F84A0B01F279E67248E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">52.1-53.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DBDA1D4BA9CB01174DF625FCAB108F76" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="904437F3E568BC7BA1E5704C48ADBD62" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="9BA003B8F13D890704DC70D569EC3C45" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">RTRL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="E64E1B76F054E21A3EF4A2AE96954F86" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">76.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0D0C2050EF0C96447B098F5F3CE269A6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">74.0-78.0</td>
|
||
<td id="407C82E159C96B74FC783EE46C1E04DF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">81.8</td>
|
||
<td id="52AAFDDD9B29565D424A7B577F992296" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">74.1-87.0</td>
|
||
<td id="6673BE7396E4F09736B301585F271AB9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">76.4</td>
|
||
<td id="9CCD9A2578AB0E3636250D78A0B1AD68" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">76.5-76.8</td>
|
||
<td id="CC5A3D0A18BFF0C72D54B62F04A27A7A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">65.7-67.4</td>
|
||
<td id="C7B9EE8A0A0D9AF7C9FA292A7D211BC1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">70.7-71.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F788661F3FFE355BBE3331F72E6A2022" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="150D2CA51C584A0D62AD67609CC00EE0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2EF323B9FCFDA279821FBF78ABA6BA8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">RTAL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="597893D46A2EF540A4C875A6E0F36D4A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">102.3</td>
|
||
<td id="1C5006DF313E887CEEAE7F415650BA25" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">98.0-105.0</td>
|
||
<td id="37A704BB57B98FDAE02E9E6F767A06B7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">98.7</td>
|
||
<td id="93339ADB5802B1BCF7F7D76F122BE3D4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">66.0-116.5</td>
|
||
<td id="4186B7BBC87B91EB024D2F861B6A6368" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">108.7</td>
|
||
<td id="529FE824D996D683BD818E186DF17BE8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">88.1-87.0</td>
|
||
<td id="18B5BB575009EE94B7CFB3C40A3C3BBA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">80.2-104.8</td>
|
||
<td id="1E9A701127CA275F090ADDFBD7FEEF36" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">79.2-81.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E74B1F953EA78273A6D834EE1B115522" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="2E6C57179FAF0C25766550D5640CDEB0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9DEF34E4AC12718EAC2FACFEC0FC16F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">RVL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="7CA51CF29DE45ED1F35FCCF9F98752B5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">10.3</td>
|
||
<td id="03C67874D853D8943A5D7C7C21E4BD68" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">8.0-12.0</td>
|
||
<td id="65E5F643895066FF369B6790FA87A439" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="16AF344C1F319A1D61B878D91170ABB6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">4.8-7.9</td>
|
||
<td id="CF710CA73538E2F6F67F9090D46438BB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">10.5</td>
|
||
<td id="1663C097B12C06C2F8676B4A6391E92D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">4.0-3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="4E7E2A3C3BBDAB4BE91E6D6C2AF76E11" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">14.2-14.8</td>
|
||
<td id="D1E682B92129BB337D52D1948411775D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">6.3-7.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="094D959C31BCBE10D62777738F7E530F" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="AACAADCBCC0D05A44109F7FEECBBBA81" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B05234DD517BEA043D9B2E2F41D09F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">RFLL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="33CA34A5049988B9C794409C9D97C7BB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">38.3</td>
|
||
<td id="034CC1A4965836F987FA13B04D0EF1B3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">35.0-40.0</td>
|
||
<td id="EFB090DC2322BE918AD31AD2533D00AB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">32.0</td>
|
||
<td id="AAB3041F1EC227A945D5E5071069F31B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">28.6-34.9</td>
|
||
<td id="C97783B33A3288DB4656200A4C60F94F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">38.4</td>
|
||
<td id="44D3732AB3C3B35AA2364878859B8EBA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">31.8-31.2</td>
|
||
<td id="1EB035FE710A3B0735C20A9EAF6AE543" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">39.4-40.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7940A56598C5F2DFB67021DB157C88A9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">34.0-36.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="75345C004509CB87EEB67BF7E1460951" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="FC306754D06A3EEA0B6204EA0C034F24" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="3513423432F71926BF32C6E15E4FEE4E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">RHLL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BFF27686DE2A7C432588F98E7CAB78F6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">42.7</td>
|
||
<td id="FFC6E8108937716DB989330CE65C5255" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">39.0-47.0</td>
|
||
<td id="A8269532695137A46B032BDC3A72F8B9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">34.9</td>
|
||
<td id="7DA98DBB63D4C529D6D06ECC0CF71552" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">33.5-36.2</td>
|
||
<td id="B7B2FB44E2669E19ECB2DCCD1481E1EC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">36.7</td>
|
||
<td id="BABC59B5137F37F4D8D124057EB49DDF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">30.1-34.5</td>
|
||
<td id="F28669E48BF39F02DB4A28A5C871DCDE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">38.2-40.2</td>
|
||
<td id="6B9BFB767064F7E1D48CE54E8CAD7378" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">35.8-36.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C1B666A87B4C4A0B16D780E5B3FA666" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="B3C96FFDD9ED8A358E2BE844CF200B01" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="3BBB61CAC92690395BCCB0E9C9DC3877" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">RMXHW</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="46374D57E463FA300F8C4219F03A02A0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="4F8ED1740E7B66CFE84D7BD442617884" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="F9103A18F57796F722419B50EFF549F0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">22.6</td>
|
||
<td id="57627EA740F95B6F8530336056EC88B9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">20.4-24.4</td>
|
||
<td id="25C975C850AB2D82961D8FB1722CF37E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">22.1</td>
|
||
<td id="40449138DDB0640CD93851FEDB1D1909" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">22.0-22.4</td>
|
||
<td id="6E78974454A2EBA97D3F2F6BE7C9ACA4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="F9D31ACE479EC5F8FDE073A15D37550A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C169E614EA545943C6A65673A41618B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="7E5F27922435C6E9A48B40106BE84BB1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3FEF3B667231458E043CF112F3A8C6E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Snout</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="56BF994F2344EF922FBED2EF19B0EDD7" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">truncate</td>
|
||
<td id="8DCE59D762D83D63499774A166D1E6E5" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">truncate</td>
|
||
<td id="12FC520ED3406CDAC959767C6EF30093" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">truncate</td>
|
||
<td id="9D09C2884281C0AF3FCECB8A3DAE8493" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">rounded</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="70B5731D62FC5C99BED6C5FEBBAAA070" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="AD219F607933E9C4EC61C36A2BBF89DE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="2848B59071B812F3AC928CEBF9B5326F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Dorsolateral head ridges</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="B8B7349BBFB4EDEBBF3998709F1501E6" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">very wide, protruding</td>
|
||
<td id="99C021374E9DA544410DF7C0B0DCDFE1" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">narrow, steep</td>
|
||
<td id="2FCCDD20C4045ABEDD6008F5FF0E8EA3" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">narrow, very steep</td>
|
||
<td id="D28CA700489A47A0A13DEB8B0D66FA14" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">very wide, protruding</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6B34AC8911CD95D9CD25543A12A9A762" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="A4F163D6EFA349E3B6D6992F1A60E2CF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="2650D41334B4DA93C8D4B76ADAF6A28B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Sagittal ridge</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="CA4690F2685AC15FF1A4A155508256B1" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">very weak, indistinct</td>
|
||
<td id="18096F8B559262D060EB5DC532B307C4" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">narrow, low</td>
|
||
<td id="48F3669733132C1344E05E16EAB7364E" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">narrow, distinct</td>
|
||
<td id="04139F29D390A7EA56D0F901C402E760" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">weak, glandular</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9734765307459A7B698C2758B14F2B34" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="DD7013639A24E8A8D91276E1254D3427" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="339E41A1A45A2CF9AECFA6DC2CCBC5BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Surface of head ridges</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="D3376FB134F4614C8A2B89022E4B5C72" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">rough</td>
|
||
<td id="AC6C120FB8E3F1C5E1609104715AF0A3" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">rough</td>
|
||
<td id="60A42947E2A0E2B6FAC1F3D6D6229F98" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">rough</td>
|
||
<td id="4E8A57D04133707F12E7574DF3EFD798" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">very rough</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B966C6C22767B59A8075D9DA2BBDDCB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="F56B13C0FE5A704D4A6BA97519FF9D75" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="2B34A5CBA0BFF6C7922D77F53931D7B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Adpressed limbs</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="B49E11E3E687C58D66C1DA6474E47F6A" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">overlap</td>
|
||
<td id="4DA8ABA81ABED98912E6081DE35A31DB" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">overlap</td>
|
||
<td id="5427F953AFCE3420BC017DB9D9E341ED" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">overlap</td>
|
||
<td id="195785CA287B7D18340CBF1A168D9252" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">touch</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D8A376A2D64FB34234FDD317C7D70488" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="3F355F48C040421ED8521A94D17ABC6C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="902205B5BEC59FFD01BBD41DCB7ED973" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Vertebral ridge</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="593A30529CAFCD51A00DF43DDF258FF1" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">not segmented</td>
|
||
<td id="5CD72009D675AB2C1BF5FA1DD369BE01" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">weakly segmented</td>
|
||
<td id="CD460C9263C4242308190F46510F30E2" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">narrow, weakly segmented</td>
|
||
<td id="367CD47BD18790122A9E1078A496D0EE" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">not segmented</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7B53158CD4BB907F443F14F60A7ED382" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="1B810D7368BAE0878D6BA8BDE0A9E36E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FE4F5E47DDA38A5BE1C3582EDE5E9C1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Rib nodules</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="EB020A90378373B6995905724EC8C220" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">distinct, 15</td>
|
||
<td id="13B80AA6BB22980D618FE20D7D7AAEE9" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">distinct, 15</td>
|
||
<td id="E07CD2C29B9244744F419095581ED2CE" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">prominent, 14-15</td>
|
||
<td id="11C29F76FEE4466D1FAD54E8FFE54EB3" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">large, prominent, 15-16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="AA46A3D9B6AECC22156B32D0E904E3FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="6C69E2BEA532B9C15131DCFF7A1B249C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="53D2A48AF40A27323D25206227C54B61" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Ground colour</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB0576C7D340F079E17F21760F57D0A0" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">very dark brown</td>
|
||
<td id="7CAC5DE4B1E6902B5D5FF0BCB211B00B" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">dark reddish-brown</td>
|
||
<td id="C8A7C4CD239F30B16B17D289983F1E3C" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">dark brown</td>
|
||
<td id="9545C13EF0AAFE5ACB4915CF52101D84" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">blackish</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8D1F770420644979AE9D7C8E8224FACB" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="1A7CBF912855F4FDB9F708135C123CB0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948BE8FCC2C03410D5E7237476AF832" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Colour of light markings</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="08EAB753A557D018CA0DBC3C25F0CF85" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">light brown</td>
|
||
<td id="2F9A4A71BB06AC45F0590303121818E8" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">reddish-brown</td>
|
||
<td id="00F83DB90DD01BD2126337AB4904CC9A" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">orange to light-brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0201146C7C47EE1C44C872E65982E246" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">orange to dark-red</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D4B40873F031C368EABA58899FCFB784" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="CDF068D756385958773C68218C23F239" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="786AFCDB7C3E24B3016F269E303F130F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Location of light markings</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="8FC1CE6694AF542F9626C4531691953B" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">parotoids, palms, soles, vent, ventral tail ridge</td>
|
||
<td id="8F08A99DC77B5548852F41DC73970A46" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">parotoids, vertebral ridge, rib nodules, vent, whole limbs and tail</td>
|
||
<td id="4657B2EAEB8C594C84FC1DB9589C19A7" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">head, parotoids, vertebral ridge, rib nodules, limbs, vent region, and whole tail</td>
|
||
<td id="0B39AFC73DF526286BB74396ACFFAD4D" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">head, vertebral ridge, rib nodules, vent, dorsal surface limbs, ventral tail ridge</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FFFE0200AE15B3A068CF4DA5598CDD65" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="9E51E0592078B2FD1E9127743FB35F15" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="29980AB7DC3A2454B76EC9294C8652DD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Lateral grooves on tail</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="EDF71343312089FA16DA111435DD50DF" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="3907592846BD1FCA920EB8F436117A4B" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">weak</td>
|
||
<td id="C990FCD9EF52B94331040368690E2897" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="0BDE69084B3B8EB35472056743C98C5F" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D87786BB041C4EECC1A95EBDFD592EFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<td id="93575623E92040388198CBD8A729D338" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="79EF712BBFF6188EB4553A7B2019A2A9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Shape of VTS</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="A68AEFD630727A3976ECF20D0480EEA8" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">?</td>
|
||
<td id="CFDF41E6CAE2AF703D5CEFA03B560CDF" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">inverted V-shape</td>
|
||
<td id="13E9D4754B8F549C8EFCCCEDC70B00DA" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">inverted V-shape</td>
|
||
<td id="2D51C55D67FB1E40E7B268DF0ECCB537" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rowspan="1">inverted V-shape</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B0379ABA4C7CCBA9CB40F5FEB308041" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="378646CAE8D6BDCEE81676610FDFABDE" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="61B6A774ED5FAD6607C30D845F9F911C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF1A31E691DC8BBEA07FF57E257E4082" lsidName="T. uyenoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="uyenoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFF934B6EEDF02D4E6788931AD684605" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. uyenoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D0464867843907862017730A835F738" lsidName="T. pulcherrimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="pulcherrimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE2E8E478E69F7A1030EA7B9BFD2D0F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. pulcherrimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E36B6C51321178153E08C1969087323C" lsidName="T. shanjing" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="shanjing">
|
||
<emphasis id="6F7329B8C0249C4E08487CC1776BDEC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. shanjing</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="538CC7C0364B65BB20145A8593EEB02B" lsidName="T. houi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="houi">
|
||
<emphasis id="65931439FFB8E9AFC04A31D0D0AE44F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. houi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E0F5507529A9594612BBB1612A113A3" lsidName="T. yangi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B11456447BB045A8B3C8BA912389D83D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having dull orange-brown to yellowish-brown light markings (vs. much brighter orange to bright-yellow light markings in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84577E0199ED83C8FC4D102F0E4E3FD8" lsidName="T. uyenoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="uyenoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A24F744599DBECE54A3976244BDF77CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. uyenoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AD7A1154C1A187AE3E2080CA9E60A33" lsidName="T. pulcherrimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="pulcherrimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B7B8C4554B3C194EB0C3D663B07CD9C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. pulcherrimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C613729368158BEF8302CCBB256C0E6" lsidName="T. shanjing" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="shanjing">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C59096F1B6FF1F9FD55E39724D43DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. shanjing</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE7736820DAE1C951ECB4BF5B04E068B" lsidName="T. yangi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B5E1F7A90D052E7B78503D0E67BAF3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and vs. bright orange-red markings in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66A332B63FFB49E8FB066B08030382BB" lsidName="T. houi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="houi">
|
||
<emphasis id="009077CE14BBD9FEEA978BF8CC522E50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. houi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In particular,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C1B991C1301480C767C8FF83EFE7A9" lsidName="T. houi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="houi">
|
||
<emphasis id="95CE0AB5E45F83DE80434963CE15BDED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. houi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has bright orange-red markings on ventral surfaces including vent, chest, light mid-ventral line (vs. absent in the new species);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6596D014F29C300D01A6CE13394CCBE" lsidName="T. pulcherrimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="pulcherrimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78C42A4005335A27F4B232F22A020276" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. pulcherrimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a series of bright-orange glandular spots located ventro-laterally and on flanks (vs. flanks lacking light spots in the new species); while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6E959FFAF7378E20E5EC1466F3DDE2E" lsidName="T. yangi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA70551A0EA52D58A02EFFFE39DAC642" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has contrasting charcoal-black colouration of head and lips with only posteriormost part of parotoid colored bright orange and no light ventral markings on body and tail (vs. all head dull orange-brown, light markings present on ventral tail ridge and vent in the new species).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="813E0C7C65F2856C64FCBCE42FC4E197" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="882D9F3276762686DF5731A1E363ACEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. has relatively narrower head in both sexes (RHW 22.2 vs. 25.0 in males; 21.6 vs. 23.1-24.0 in females); shorter internarial distance (RIND 5.7 for males, 5.8 for females vs. 7.0-7.1 for both sexes); and very wide, protruding, and glandular dorsolateral and sagittal head ridges (vs. narrow steep ridges) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DC1E0466482B7B0FDB91816D14C0F9A" lsidName="T. uyenoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="uyenoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C6B763B61EBE1B3C4E890471E59BC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. uyenoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="988E0A1FC92F978C18F26AA458B456F8" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Males of the new species can be further diagnosed from males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A3C5F4F49AE09DC0600BB52CAF1ED04" lsidName="T. umphangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="umphangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9CD0EF73398378047C20F6AE40C4272" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. umphangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having shorter limbs which do not overlap when adpressed along the body (vs. overlap), by comparatively longer trunk (RTRL84.4 vs. 76.8), longer tail (RTAL 110.6 vs. 104.7), by having snout rounded in dorsal aspect (vs. truncate) and by having a non-segmented vertebral ridge (vs. distinctly segmented) (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="43FEFADB13E5636D17273329860B7991" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Males of the new species can be further diagnosed from males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A55AD39BB55AA2C32A33A9BE59FBEB1B" lsidName="T. shanjing" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="shanjing">
|
||
<emphasis id="6F11C49DA5765841E7EECCD180C35E2B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. shanjing</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having comparatively shorter head (RHL 23.8 vs. 26.6), longer tail (RTAL 110.6 vs. 104.4), by shorter internarial distance (RIND 5.7 vs. 7.1) and by having a non-segmented vertebral ridge (vs. well-segmented) and brown to dark-brown background body colour (vs. blackish) (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="DEC861B360BB334ED45F5C07CEB71249" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2045BDDE840BA9903553DD06692CC2BC" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="EADDDE017DF96994D2F7429B25835BD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A11C4FA1CD6C663A6A0268E2B1E129" lsidName="T. verrucosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA4CDCF97C9B41B99A2875B18492B664" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having light ventral markings on body and tail (vs. no light markings on body and tail). The new species can be further differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CE69AA2B9AFD087D7119BAE9B4EB366" lsidName="T. verrucosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="041EF6E8858E249A3BEDED651D5612FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having comparatively shorter internarial distance in both sexes (RIND 4.8-6.7 vs. 6.2-7.0) and longer tail in both sexes (RTAL 110.6 vs. 104.9 for males; 105.3 vs. 102.5 for females); the new species also has a non-segmented vertebral ridge (vs. well-segmented) and brown background colouration of body (vs. blackish) (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="DBE1E6E36E136F1DE731B6A49F17C32C" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="01F546C7A9E399F5A98DDE6EE329B808" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D007254BE2DD90F67EBB8384F60BFC4" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="24D027137FD695141335EF0B86A16680" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33319A1B52BF948F10B9418F157D3532" lsidName="T. podichthys" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="podichthys">
|
||
<emphasis id="797464EE0CB7B1D66E9736070A1E4143" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. podichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having comparatively shorter head in both sexes (RHL 21.8-25.6 vs. 28.1-34.3), slightly longer tail in both sexes (RTAL in males 108.1-114.1 vs. 80.2-104.8; in females 96.6-112.2 vs. 79.2-81.4), in having 13-14 rib nodules (vs. 15-16 rib nodules), by comparatively shorter limbs which do not overlap when adpressed to body (vs. digit tips touching when limbs are adpressed to body) and by having duller colouration with orange to yellowish-brown light markings and brown background (vs. orange to dark-red light markings and blackish background) (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="F2A12283E152FD53876B872247AC16DD" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
). The new species can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D9545F8A0C5FC1C7F1531B557237BFE" lsidName="T. phukhaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="phukhaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="319ECED99316339AF219652D53DC0624" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. phukhaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having very wide, protruding and glandular head ridges (vs. narrow steep head ridges), by having snout rounded in dorsal aspect (vs. truncate), by comparatively shorter limbs which do not overlap when adpressed to body (vs. digit tips touching when limbs are adpressed to body), by having comparatively wider head in both sexes (RHW 19.6-23.4 vs. 17.7-19.2), by having comparatively longer trunk in both species (RTRL 79.5-88.7 vs. 76.4-76.8) and by a having wide non-segmented vertebral ridge (vs. narrow, segmented) (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="A34A366B20B9D66561E685C1CCD9591A" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1AC0E84041EB2106FE6F7C64A2D3D52F" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7089441562FF14833A6C866BCB15F460" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C299F9AE02265B4C4387EAFAD42C13B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B6B7269DA27E801E2BA2AF0EC5CFB58" lsidName="T. anguliceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="anguliceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BE5F4816C88C0D10FAC0F6A93E1F899" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. anguliceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a comparatively shorter head in males (RHL 22.5-25.6 vs. 26.2-29.5), by shorter internarial distance in both sexes (RIND 4.8-6.7 vs. 6.6-7.4), by having a wide non-segmented vertebral ridge (vs. weakly segmented), by having snout rounded in dorsal aspect (vs. truncate), by having very wide, protruding and glandular head ridges (vs. narrow steep head ridges, including narrow and long sagittal ridge), by having 13-14 rib nodules (vs. not less than 15 rib nodules), by comparatively shorter limbs which do not overlap when adpressed to body (vs. digit tips touching when limbs are adpressed to body) and by having duller colouration with orange to yellowish-brown light markings and brown background (vs. bright-orange markings and blackish background) (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="093C481B7B2B9A7FFF2F82DA5AB4759D" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="34C6CBFC5D7C9EC6D8A4F65AEF0D7B7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
The new species can be readily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3EE51D2D356E4B169FCC5E0D522B2F77" lsidName="T. shanorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="shanorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="403B9557866E449870C21B01D22AC328" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. shanorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having smaller body size in both sexes (SVL 61.4-76.1 mm vs. 76.0-87.9 mm), by having comparatively narrower head in both sexes (RHW 19.6-23.4 vs. 24.8-26.3), by having comparatively longer trunk in both sexes (RTRL 79.5-88.7 vs. 74.3-77.6), by having snout rounded in dorsal aspect (vs. blunt to truncate), by comparatively shorter limbs which do not overlap when adpressed to body (vs. limbs overlapping when limbs are adpressed to body) and by having a wide non-segmented vertebral ridge (vs. weakly segmented) (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="E01CFC1F60AE75FF7F22A3050C063932" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFCA1D88D658AA964DAA3103E0BB5BF9" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD6E41F3824F8559E7543DA527C3DBFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9259E1CB03005EC84E1FF18C9BAA94A5" lsidName="T. ngarsuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="ngarsuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="52838BE3DFFF96D68421C078752B71C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. ngarsuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having generally smaller body size in males (SVL 61.4-67.5 mm vs. 74.9-76.4 mm) and in females (SVL 61.6-76.1 mm vs. 102.3 mm), comparatively much narrower head in both sexes (RHW19.6-23.4 vs. 24.0-28.0), by notably more narrow internarial distance in both sexes (RIND 4.8-6.7 vs. 7.7-8.8), by having comparatively longer trunk in both sexes (RTRL 79.5-88.7 vs. 74.0-78.0), by having snout rounded in dorsal aspect (vs. truncate). The new species can be further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA59F1F435E5FF9428FA1A03EA475754" lsidName="T. ngarsuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="ngarsuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B18B92C1EE9D21BD759230E90CE70EE5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. ngarsuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having dorsolateral head ridges starting at the snout (vs. posterior to orbit), by having a non-segmented vertebral ridge (vs. weakly segmented) and by having 13-14 rib nodules (vs. 15 rib nodules).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D964E1DF7D8AB69142ED3DD99155EE7" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="B408908CA8B246FE7B2CD450856BDBCD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. has much lighter and duller colouration than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5A682E6A9A415D83FE9361AECC0BC90" lsidName="T. ngarsuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="ngarsuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5E660AEDC15246C2048B8107175FF977" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. ngarsuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: background colour brown (vs. nearly black) with light orange-brown markings on rib nodules and parotoids and limbs (vs. no light markings on rib nodules and parotoids) (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="55CD79A2BB44E5E602550170C4DF8476" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6DF9F3289D73624D13C53F90AFA1642E" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8834C0E8870DF7DE0B610246F6623D58" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2D93A4E085FF8C4A15A95EF77A3BC82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="898CA8708239BD0186A05B643AC35C3B" lsidName="T. himalayanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="himalayanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D69124D349E27E44DAE51DBE0CB31CDC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. himalayanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Nepal by the following morphological attributes: by notably narrower internarial distance in both sexes (RIND 4.8-6.7 vs. 8.2-8.4), by having generally longer trunk in both sexes (RTRL 79.5-88.7 vs. 77.1-79.9), by having longer tail in males (RTAL 108.1-114.1 vs. 98.0), by having snout rounded in dorsal aspect (vs. blunt), by comparatively shorter limbs which do not overlap when adpressed to body (vs. limbs overlapping when limbs are adpressed to body), by having 13-14 rib nodules (vs. 16 rib nodules) and by lacking lateral transverse grooves on tail (vs. clearly distinct) (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="E90D8099FCE140EE89F9EC21A1CCCA29" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
). The new species can be further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF24AED759ABD5C36C05391B8A041EA1" lsidName="T. kachinorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="kachinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A650094D0CFFAA54EBA348A356AD283B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. kachinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Kachin State of Myanmar by shorter head in both sexes (RHL 22.5-25.6 vs. 27.6 in males, 21.8-23.6 vs. 23.9-24.9 in females), by shorter tail in both males (RTAL 108.1-114.1 vs. 120.5), by notably narrower internarial distance in both sexes (RIND 4.8-6.7 vs. 7.7-8.0), by having snout rounded in dorsal aspect (vs. truncate) and by comparatively shorter limbs which do not overlap when adpressed to body (vs. limbs overlapping when limbs are adpressed to body) (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="FDA649DC362AC6688760A3F7E9A7E402" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F0C79E26CFD5F8C77FB9634DCDF7299E" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
Phylogenetically and morphologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FACB27A8F8AB78A1306EBCC7ACDD06B" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F38AA2D2DB1744757960C79916D08B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is most closely related to two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3315964D96D3ED67AEBE65AB668A57FF" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C02C22AFAEE0DD853E010C901E2E038" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabiting northern Myanmar and Yunnan Province of China -
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96715C391F70198CD2E01FEB39521AA5" lsidName="T. panwaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panwaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9ABDD96688E57EA364A537DA1909CA04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. panwaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34DE493E81B6DA1DC5AAB39C980B9C68" lsidName="T. houi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="houi">
|
||
<emphasis id="702D960CF6B550B2AEF3EC67CEF4738A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. houi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7AF43338E27715841391C7D186AD5755" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood inference consensus tree of genus Tylototriton derived from analysis of 1,157 bp ND 2 and 508 bp 16 S rRNA gene fragments. For voucher specimen information, geographic localities and GenBank accession numbers, see Table 1. Distribution of the species of Tylototriton highlighted in colour is shown in Fig. 1. Numbers at tree nodes correspond to MLUFBS and BIPP support values, respectively. Photograph by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892311" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">2</figureCitation>
|
||
, Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="D40D91A248AB0BF2625053BB341B0363" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
). From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6E73BDA632ACA3F4628DEA03F4551AC" lsidName="T. houi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="houi">
|
||
<emphasis id="382B6A22711435689AD32C01A8E15BE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. houi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the new species can be easily distinguished by its much duller colouration (see above and Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="33F29B65B4CFCAE82962AB2B9341267A" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
) and can be further distinguished by having snout rounded in dorsal aspect (vs. truncate), by having very wide, protruding and glandular head ridges with rough surface (vs. narrow steep head ridges with smooth surface, including short sagittal ridge) and by having 13-14 rib nodules (vs. 16 rib nodules).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D402F99DD18A645D6140ECEE6C49E8F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
From its sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4337E0C019CEE8AF7092683BE934C517" lsidName="T. panwaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panwaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0D550C72215B4074134772A827DB9210" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. panwaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E16B62E07E720B4124099DAC7A9BB828" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="6905CD9B1C6D6BB7A1CEDD657452BF56" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished by having snout rounded in dorsal aspect (vs. truncate), by having very wide, protruding and glandular head ridges including prominent sagittal ridge (vs. narrow steep head ridges with smooth surface, including very weak and low sagittal ridge), by having 13-14 rib nodules (vs. 15 rib nodules), by having a very wide non-segmented vertebral ridge (vs. narrow, weakly segmented), by lacking lateral transverse grooves on tail (vs. weak grooves present) and by comparatively shorter limbs which do not overlap when adpressed to body (vs. limbs overlapping when limbs are adpressed to body).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FF4E580AE7656DD96722143C41B1CDB" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="74DA8154B29091FB0A67D6B5661DBCC4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. has generally lighter colouration than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09B3E698F2B2E02487C26AEAC61100C1" lsidName="T. panwaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panwaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="083CBCFAFA7E6A9FF8361D0AEDC0DB25" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. panwaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: brownish-ground colour with orange-brown light markings (vs. more contrasting dark reddish-brown to black background colour with reddish-brown light markings in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B95F26A2E9B58EBBB1173F71D4A63E05" lsidName="T. panwaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panwaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A5CDE6C9FF7B8B5E4DA3E26CDBCC2F51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. panwaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="4038AF47AF7658D0245032834F27D040" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological comparison between Tylototriton verrucosus species group members found in India and adjacent territories (Continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="43966B51EAE4BEE10469F88B2069E783">4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, males of the new species are different from males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF3D7A24AEEF68D93BE8DC04546ED039" lsidName="T. panwaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panwaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="26942544582FE30810EA0DCDCC4BA2C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. panwaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a number of morphometric characters. Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="890D042AF8174BE3601AEB8296D7BE1B" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3EC3AF9D24D20EC3842B96CAF40CD64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. have greater maximal head width (RMXHW 24.3-27.9 vs. 20.4-24.4), generally longer snout (RSL 9.2-11.2 vs. 8.7-9.6), wider interorbital distance (RIOD 12.3-14.3 vs. 9.9-10.7), smaller eyes (ROL 3.3-5.2 vs. 5.9-6.4) and wider tail base (RBTAW 10.4-15.2 vs. 7.9-9.5) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="909DE35E7B5D06506399FCE4DF3FE311" lsidName="T. panwaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panwaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4E08CFB9BE1D5F7C18E851782C163DF3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. panwaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="ABA82EAA2EF2FDBBD49435238D2C1C7E" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Measurements (mm) of adult Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. and T. panwaensis. Abbreviations defined in the text. Asterisk (*) indicates significant differences between relative character values in males (p <0.05)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DE2A10F2D9C5E69AD414D0CF2112CABB" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="DE2A10F2D9C5E69AD414D0CF2112CABB">3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8328BC15B54A69A10C4537C1D3E55CCC" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="137D501DC369DDAB2DFA674C2E5AABEA" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="735289877D17AFCEE97A1E238360E393" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
A medium-sized specimen in a good state of preservation (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="BEBE76C019C3FC550D2424F39138346B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5601322BFE0ACE382F5C495E58E65E76" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU- 3041, female) in situ. Photograph by Andrey M. Bragin and Ht. Decemson." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892315" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDF20E633B1457BEC45FC386A282901" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<emphasis id="3706A41E9DFDC0B50D7D60362A1CF8D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Head</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head slightly longer than wide (HW/HL ratio 92.8%) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4679286F628DBC5735C8C10AACC2A4D4" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5C-E</figureCitation>
|
||
), head slightly wider than body; pentagonal in shape in dorsal view, flattened in profile (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="68ECC1EB21142F4E36E2A233BFF9D248" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
); snout long, about three times longer than eye (UEW/SL ratio 36.6%), gently rounded in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D584EEC4BE99AA170BE5741B5499339E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
), rounded in lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C476ADA6BB1B62658EF9853F88C6FD44" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
), notably projecting beyond lower jaw; nostrils on anterior margin of snout located notably closer to snout tip than to eye (NSD/ON ratio 39.9%), nostrils with antero-lateral orientation, not visible from dorsal view; eyes small, not projecting in lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F25FD05242B7A2EB653DF47134ADC5E2" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
), slightly projecting in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="096A55FB6DC5CBEF481B407E0139D02B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
); labial folds absent; tongue oval, attached to anterior floor of mouth cavity, laterally and posteriorly free; vomerine teeth arranged in a bell-shaped distinctly curved series (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1891A4746D722EADC77B90BDBE7A6E02" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Vomerine tooth series of A. Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041) and B. T. panwaensis (ZMMU NAP- 09477). Drawing by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892313" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
), distinctly widening in the anterior one-third of vomerine tooth series length, further gradually widening posteriorly, reaching maximal width in the posterior one third of vomerine tooth series length; vomerine tooth series notably longer than wide (VTW/VTL ratio 40.4%), anteriorly reaching beyond the level of choanae, numbers of vomerine teeth 113 (62/51 in right and left branches, respectively), upper jaw teeth 72 and lower jaw teeth 90; parotoids distinct, large and protruding, bean-shaped, slightly projecting posteriorly (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3992AA39B4D092C1DC89F95BE5BFC5A5" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsolateral supratemporal bony ridges on head very wide, with rough surface, notably protruding, continuing from the snout tip to the anterior end of parotoid, becoming wider towards the posterior end (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="465A4ED48875221328F6CD5FF1B1C322" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
); sagittal bony ridge on head very wide and protruding, becoming higher and wider posteriorly (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="07101A43C109CCF48AF687C37CE0694C" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
); gular fold indistinct (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="91FBA73CF767F57FC25AF41BE59206E1" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE74788C33A56583F8D069A8BCD0DB2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFCD3CDE2F26A65ED95342889CE66AE5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Body</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body habitus stout (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D8D70BDA07F76FFE1283A55FC60E48B6" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
); costal folds absent; vertebral mid-dorsal ridge very wide, not segmented, beginning at the occiput region and continuing to the anterior one fourth of tail length, separated from sagittal head ridge with gap subequal to eye in length (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E215BA0F3665F01BCD3BCC3015A6133E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
); rib nodules prominent, distinct, forming knob-like glandular warts, 14 on both sides of body, arranged in two longitudinal lines on dorsolateral surfaces of dorsum, running from area posterior to axilla to tail base (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="556E3B4AE55495D9C5237007C9587331" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
); on body, rib nodules almost of the same size, rounded, decreasing in size posteriorly on sacrum and tail basis.
|
||
<emphasis id="0BA2ED7AD0B7E9A8EED16564C53EB299" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<emphasis id="D36DC5EDBB77376CE667020CF687A8F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Limbs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Limbs comparatively short and slender (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DE27BDBDB4F55498EBED2BC3F278DD47" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
); fore-limbs slightly shorter than hind-limbs; relative length of fore-limb FLL/SVL ratio 35.1%, relative length of hind-limb ratio 37.6%; fore- and hind-limbs not overlapping when adpressed towards each other along sides of the body; fingers and toes well developed (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5601E9F891A4094881159AEB8B20612" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5F-I</figureCitation>
|
||
), free of webbing; fingers four, comparative finger lengths: 1FL <4FL <2FL <3FL; toes five, comparative toe lengths: 1TL <2TL <5TL <4TL <3TL.
|
||
<emphasis id="DD608C85700A2AD1D83E81789E0B701E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0890BADD4E39F5CAD48406D0B771E9C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tail</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Tail comparatively short and thick, slightly shorter than body length (TAL/SVL ratio 97.0%); tail laterally compressed on all of its length, gently tapering posteriorly, lateral grooves on tail absent; dorsal tail fin starting at the anterior one fourth of tail length, becoming more distinct posteriorly, with maximal tail height at posterior two thirds of tail length, dorsal and ventral tail fins smooth; tail tip pointed.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFBCE18D52637CE1C09902BEACCA828" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<emphasis id="DE064681ECAC33F0DBBAFDAC5155ED84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Skin texture and skin glands</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Skin dorsally very rough, with numerous small granules present on dorsal surfaces of head and dorsum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="773DDA531C51CA76D1EAA8A43683C826" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), lateral sides of body and tail; ventral surfaces more smooth with smaller granules arranged in transverse striations (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A73D8F35BBA8D79C78434898CB37B7FB" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
); small granules regularly arranged on throat (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="26753C211068CC8E5CA01421546768ED" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
); head ridges and parotoids with rough surface; skin on dorsal surfaces of limbs granular, on volar and plantar surfaces of hands (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="168D1928B86D67E5D813AE334223A20F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5G</figureCitation>
|
||
) and feet (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D32C045CED74CCAE3DD72C689A3BD18D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5I</figureCitation>
|
||
) with tiny grooves forming a reticulated pattern; metacarpal or metatarsal tubercles absent. Cloacal region slightly swollen, vent as a longitudinal slit (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="55437577ABE802AD2F5FE0A0B407F1A2" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5J</figureCitation>
|
||
), vent edges with small transverse folds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1FD560785228E078C68FA49A14AF3CB5" doi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph id="371EE531D072C7E076F3CF82B112F457" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<emphasis id="DCF21AE6D973BFC1FCED84325AB2EDB0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0BB672461256A3D0821E41D9C9F21B8" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9581723161D79B71EFA522173D90005" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (MZMU3041, female) in life.
|
||
<emphasis id="FE867E9377BC958426429CC4690DEE13" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="1EDFB1817B6AADC54BD7B77DE3E562CE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="8AA640763B80F7A04BF8413F9D30182F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Head, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="359FC98C1FBE8FF090E3ABE7ED535D54" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Head, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="D87922B72CD57C7C06A1B5CFAC3510D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Head, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="DE7973A7E916197B2808D9B244C7509A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Opisthenar view of right hand;
|
||
<emphasis id="8CDD1AFA13E41DC38FD65B2CE6FB9B36" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Volar view of right hand;
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCAA92E1AEFDF24D2D336E51383E94F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Opisthenar view of right foot;
|
||
<emphasis id="30D25EFBBAB3759F543154AE22D84FF6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">I.</emphasis>
|
||
Plantar view of right foot;
|
||
<emphasis id="6369E7F4C1CFB982F99A191D5736AD3A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">J.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="917A3AB20C8893D3FB71D3A330839CAC" doi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892315" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph id="1BD57DAA8116DD95209EDB6A7FB1B9EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<emphasis id="E57928321386407A8730CC7B1B30C381" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7488FF5C5DE8C79647AA78C42213127" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="AF137BEFC0E7BC52A21C43361F2E5AC9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (MZMU-3041, female) in situ. Photograph by Andrey M. Bragin and Ht. Decemson.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="77EED575344534F55672125AC7BEC730" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="colour of holotype in life">
|
||
<paragraph id="088F8C7202385DBFF5C03788B456F1BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Colour of holotype in life.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CA5162185F18BDDE8D17288F0D37B80A" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
Ground colour of dorsal surfaces of head and trunk dark brown (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D921C4B73E2D74C42C511EC3B0C9DD8" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8218B4E104448240AE8FC89407064D08" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU- 3041, female) in situ. Photograph by Andrey M. Bragin and Ht. Decemson." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892315" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">6</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal surfaces of limbs and lateral surfaces of tail yellowish-brown to light orange (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FB76FE469575B71536E5FFB629D102C2" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
); iris dark-brown with copper speckles along its outer margins (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E81AFE7B76FCB9F1C82E6CC47A6D90AF" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
); throat, belly and ventral surfaces of limbs light brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A113E2157ED5DAFE9B82EC0902685680" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. (MZMU 3041, female) in life. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Head, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view; F. Opisthenar view of right hand; G. Volar view of right hand; H. Opisthenar view of right foot; I. Plantar view of right foot; J. Ventral view of cloacal area. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892314" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterior parts of head, including snout, light orange to yellowish-brown; rib nodules and vertebral ridge light orange-brown, notably discernible from dark brown trunk colouration; upper and lower lips, head bony ridges and parotoids, palms and soles light-orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A8E834355494DB0F7620F765AB3C096E" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="colour of holotype in preservative">
|
||
<paragraph id="A80FFB94395D4A06C76FA7E62ED47880" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Colour of holotype in preservative.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="75CC781154E6E1684F750A5A7379BDB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">After preservation in ethanol for six months, the colouration pattern of the holotype resembles that observed in life; however, yellowish and orange tints faded turning light brownish-grey.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="449F7F76B1D4F2D883E1C61981AC757B" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="1980E3473E1D7F7ABE40F48FD0AAA6E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Measurements and counts of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D83DCE1564F727359EA8F5EBC9D00A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
Measurements of the holotype are presented in Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="79B6383B9CE0C6004CB00A1197C2EFF1" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Measurements (mm) of adult Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. and T. panwaensis. Abbreviations defined in the text. Asterisk (*) indicates significant differences between relative character values in males (p <0.05)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DE2A10F2D9C5E69AD414D0CF2112CABB" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="DE2A10F2D9C5E69AD414D0CF2112CABB">3</tableCitation>
|
||
. Additional morphometric characters (all in mm) include: ICD 9.1; CW 13.0; NSD 1.8; 1FL 3.8; 2FL 5.7; 3FL 6.7; 4FL 4.1; 1TL 3.1; 2TL 4.7; 3TL 8.6; 4TL 8.4; 5TL 4.8. Meristic characters: UJTN 72; LJTN 90; VTN 62/51 (right/left); DLWN: 14/14 (right/left). Body weight (when alive): 13.5 g.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="954BD8FF20E80FE3717883B6EE01DF40" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E5C40E821E30F16B02E7BE240B59D1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9DE2F18310665A0D6AD41DEFB6AD8360" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
All individuals in the type series are generally similar in morphology and agree well with the description of holotype in body proportions and colouration; variation of morphometric characters within the type series is shown in Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="17A9DEC5C5DE39F01B82047AFAAA7937" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Measurements (mm) of adult Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. and T. panwaensis. Abbreviations defined in the text. Asterisk (*) indicates significant differences between relative character values in males (p <0.05)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DE2A10F2D9C5E69AD414D0CF2112CABB" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="DE2A10F2D9C5E69AD414D0CF2112CABB">3</tableCitation>
|
||
. Variation of the dorsal colouration in eleven paratypes in preservative is presented in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7F5AAB244FC41495DBAACE67C8D0532E" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Variation of dorsal colouration in paratypes of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. Scale bar: 10 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892316" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">7</figureCitation>
|
||
. The state of preservation of nine paratypes MZMU-2942-2950 is much worse than that of the holotype and the paratypes MZMU-3035-3036: they are desiccated what caused partial discolouration and skin damage (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBE9111014E58429A0FAFE0279DA65EB" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Variation of dorsal colouration in paratypes of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. Scale bar: 10 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892316" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Colouration of the paratypes MZMU-3035-3036 closely agrees with that described for the holotype. In general, males have more slender bodies than females. Males and females do not differ in body size (SVL 61.4-67.5 mm in males vs. SVL 61.6-68.7 mm in females) (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="9AFAB1078D9A60CE589361F831065965" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Measurements (mm) of adult Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. and T. panwaensis. Abbreviations defined in the text. Asterisk (*) indicates significant differences between relative character values in males (p <0.05)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DE2A10F2D9C5E69AD414D0CF2112CABB" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="DE2A10F2D9C5E69AD414D0CF2112CABB">3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F396EA25446C4FCB341E4A253A855C24" doi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892316" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph id="F611769B42238D9EAD96B73E300B6BC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<emphasis id="DE141006E4FF53E7E6371C31E0B3270B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation of dorsal colouration in paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9400476C809E325AEFD5076CC1C06E89" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="4425E99DF4E04A765C687B71FF71971F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Scale bar: 10 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D51B6B83A64FB0FFE45D53F60DBDECBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="larval morphology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1046C45847524219B09BF0C38E21C695" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B390148E1784819934B5F3B26F9C8BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
Description of larval morphology is based on four premetamorphic larval specimens (MZMU-3037-3040,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2DE323083C9303320A20C6A68D8AB2F5" author="Bernardes, M" journalOrPublisher="Amphibian & Reptile Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" pagination="72 - 87" refId="B4" refString="Bernardes, M, Rauhaus, A, Michel, C, Pham, CT, Nguyen, TQ, Le, MD, Bonkowski, M, Ziegler, T, 2017. Larval development and breeding ecology of Ziegler's Crocodile Newt, Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui and Nguyen, 2013 (Caudata: Salamandridae), compared to other Tylototriton representatives. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 11: 72 - 87" title="Larval development and breeding ecology of Ziegler's Crocodile Newt, Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui and Nguyen, 2013 (Caudata: Salamandridae), compared to other Tylototriton representatives." volume="11" year="2017">Bernardes et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stage 45) (see Referred specimens for details).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55C5B16C2C403C1ECE3B23D301019B51" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E1801795E6B56C2E86E1E1F78F881562" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Larval measurements</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="74A78E2B671759B6EA90B3AAE4785707" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<emphasis id="0106EBAE86105BD49ECF58A9125C838A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">(n = 4; in mm).</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 35.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5CF5376AFEFDE92802EB4B3197BCC9CD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.5; HL 10.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="38EA90ED39271AB6C7CC0A120C9DE4AA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7; HW 10.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7A978C268F773A8F15CCD78A777C1FB4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7; OL 2.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4D65ECA3ACC1A523348C9F563E18BD64" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2; AGD 21.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A5DA546D9B0E52E4C95A255F2EB25E43" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5; TAL 35.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0EFBC0CC731044EEDCF49786651EF667" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.5; FLL 11.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="81B5CAEBADA4AD282525E0990BF817EC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8; HLL 12.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F4ED2CA06522072457D4D5230402A12F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8; MXTAH 5.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D4FE24B6EEB104269192E239F9E91EF9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3B1005EC65721DB90379440BA1DFFEE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="larval external morphology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF2ACB1FC610C7043A7806008CD44C34" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Larval external morphology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D5F5DC43E13BE3DA2915F36BB2E183DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
Body elongated, as high as wide (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5E63DAB697044BFE45AC4CDC390DEBD" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of larval specimen (MZMU 3037; Bernardes et al. (2017) stage 45) of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in life. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892317" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head large, ovoid in dorsal view, wide and slightly depressed with a short and rounded snout, gently sloping in lateral view, slightly wider than body in dorsal view. Snout rounded in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D8BFA5E368285362F630CD628FC72D97" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of larval specimen (MZMU 3037; Bernardes et al. (2017) stage 45) of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in life. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892317" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">8B</figureCitation>
|
||
), as well as in lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBB20E5EC8E506D92D34FA6532E75472" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of larval specimen (MZMU 3037; Bernardes et al. (2017) stage 45) of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in life. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892317" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tail equal to body length comprising 100.4% of SVL; myotomes on body and tail not discernible in lateral view. Nostrils rounded, small, orientated anterolaterally, located much closer to snout tip than to eye (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A94E6C8C83E9B708356E01D78A130B9D" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of larval specimen (MZMU 3037; Bernardes et al. (2017) stage 45) of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in life. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892317" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eyes large, rounded, orientated dorsolaterally, well visible in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3C81E54E85248C2F0C5D0747FE6E38B8" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of larval specimen (MZMU 3037; Bernardes et al. (2017) stage 45) of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in life. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892317" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Limbs short, fore-limbs subequal to hind-limbs, FLL/HLL ratio 98.5%. Fore-limbs with four well-developed elongated fingers; relative finger lengths: 4FL <3FL <1FL <2FL. Hind-limbs with five well-developed toes; relative toe lengths: 5TL <1TL <2TL <4TL <3TL. Orbit diameter (OL) 7.7% of SVL. Vent a short longitudinal slit. Tail fins reduced; maximum height of dorsal tail fin ca. 10% of maximum tail height. Ventral tail fin almost completely reduced. Dorsal tail fin starts roughly above the cloaca, though it remains still visible as a thin mid-dorsal line starting at the level of axilla (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="24395FE59E4F2CD07F0C8468BD382BBA" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of larval specimen (MZMU 3037; Bernardes et al. (2017) stage 45) of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in life. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892317" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tail tip pointed in lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8818D20D4F99774521727E172BED03" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of larval specimen (MZMU 3037; Bernardes et al. (2017) stage 45) of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in life. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892317" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Skin completely smooth; lateral line organs visible on dorsal surface of head; three pairs of gills partially reduced, not reaching the level of axilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="02C07B31DAC845A91A22E4AB896445B0" doi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892317" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph id="124EB84D6240DB0AF81A88F9E67E92CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<emphasis id="486030A39AA0975B9C3F9284350134E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="153429BC836426EFD7B847CA23153CA3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">A</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="8A51BBFED018ACE4BAFA091562E069A7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">B</emphasis>
|
||
) and ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="990CA2660304ED38FE59A0AEE40BD6C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">C</emphasis>
|
||
) views of larval specimen (MZMU3037;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A625C5926BFAE7391708BFDA8849A17" author="Bernardes, M" journalOrPublisher="Amphibian & Reptile Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" pagination="72 - 87" refId="B4" refString="Bernardes, M, Rauhaus, A, Michel, C, Pham, CT, Nguyen, TQ, Le, MD, Bonkowski, M, Ziegler, T, 2017. Larval development and breeding ecology of Ziegler's Crocodile Newt, Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui and Nguyen, 2013 (Caudata: Salamandridae), compared to other Tylototriton representatives. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 11: 72 - 87" title="Larval development and breeding ecology of Ziegler's Crocodile Newt, Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui and Nguyen, 2013 (Caudata: Salamandridae), compared to other Tylototriton representatives." volume="11" year="2017">Bernardes et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stage 45) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DC83F373CAA81D229BB75375B1024AE" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="7664A4C8DD95F7521608772CE8A39941" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in life. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0A00CBB65A16BD6979F48B405FE20457" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="larval colouration in life">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA8B5998062C4F40734FDCB717B68A52" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Larval colouration in life.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5650E554076D57A31CEB42EC23B23A2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
In life, larval background colour ochre to light brown dorsally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="94093EC30B637C6FD474E7BB5DAA6EFF" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of larval specimen (MZMU 3037; Bernardes et al. (2017) stage 45) of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in life. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892317" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), ventral surfaces of body off-white to pinkish, translucent, ventral surface of tail and vent bright yellow (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E33B9508E53A4675B45AF3A08D6EDC44" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of larval specimen (MZMU 3037; Bernardes et al. (2017) stage 45) of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in life. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892317" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal surfaces of body, tail and head with indistinct dark-grey marbling. Eyes, except for pupil, fully pigmented, iris copper-coloured (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F27B4B0C677D7C80C5CA1C70315558B" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of larval specimen (MZMU 3037; Bernardes et al. (2017) stage 45) of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in life. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photographs by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892317" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">8A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C1B4C0F83919602E62D30F6BB3CB68DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="position in mtdna genealogy and sequence divergence">
|
||
<paragraph id="E2E19E52A7022B00726EF5474142E088" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Position in mtDNA genealogy and sequence divergence.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="11A61FA614D68EE39C4CC92B91F542A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
According to our mtDNA genealogy,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="261E3519FF1FAB9B94A8AFA6A8CA4102" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B370AED98A9DD2392ADBCFC66CA4D6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. belongs to clade 1 of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90AF6380D7C2D72F51A68DD9328B31BD" authority="Tylototriton" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton (Tylototriton)" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tylototriton">Tylototriton Tylototriton</taxonomicName>
|
||
s. str., corresponding to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6338B4CD64CAFDEE7B7B8574BEFFCA0" lsidName="T. verrucosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B18EBF78DBAE7AE1323F02726B0A6AAE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA38388A29843BEC41EC2F556DCBEF4" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood inference consensus tree of genus Tylototriton derived from analysis of 1,157 bp ND 2 and 508 bp 16 S rRNA gene fragments. For voucher specimen information, geographic localities and GenBank accession numbers, see Table 1. Distribution of the species of Tylototriton highlighted in colour is shown in Fig. 1. Numbers at tree nodes correspond to MLUFBS and BIPP support values, respectively. Photograph by Andrey M. Bragin." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892311" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The new species is grouped together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00038C24024219C7FB94EFD338AE6E91" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA654ACB0EFC04388CC98F6FE72BF91B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from northern Myanmar (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E83BD8FD4E4F6A5079B58CA668D82EC0" lsidName="T. panwaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panwaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF3B98EE531C030BB0A92DC7463386B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. panwaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), northern Indochina (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C4D0B4F55333C41F0B4549750B0A23D" lsidName="T. podichthys" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="podichthys">
|
||
<emphasis id="54C72699385DA703B4D8118929B3720D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. podichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Yunnan Province of China (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B2BC28674A4682666D2C879AD54EAFD" lsidName="T. verrucosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C28412DBF84F126D640170E1081A3381" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AC14A8A24FC5154E5FA4B0990F9DBD" lsidName="T. shanjing" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="shanjing">
|
||
<emphasis id="448AC2177E16F4521E0B41C3ECC8D944" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. shanjing</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A042B3E786366D1902602C4E3F930C29" lsidName="T. houi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="houi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7DD7267BD6904BB069C99BE3F3DDB98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. houi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E48128B01519C2C530461A7ECBFD975" lsidName="T. pulcherrimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="pulcherrimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5382B44ACEF626687D51C740039D602C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. pulcherrimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), forming clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A5BC3DAAD2D943133134BD3A461E3F7" lsidName="T. panwaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panwaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="328E804CE5BFED8D96EBD7E584323272" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. panwaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="12A69A08D49505ED0661C93BC2F403C1" lsidName="T. houi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="houi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8F3C69AE9D820B8817820BC0E3ECF0F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. houi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Uncorrected genetic
|
||
<emphasis id="FEF96E1622161F9F6DB9B5A419E4EFC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">p</emphasis>
|
||
-distances between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56A85CDC523EE37EC84153F45418B8F9" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8350117652B7F0111426F2427681E3C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. ND2 sequences and all homologous sequences of other members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A92D23011136D6BDB1A9FC1CD86A5090" lsidName="T. verrucosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C4B16CC5A115CE988F9F63865DF0EBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group included in our analyses varied from 3.0% (with its sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BE7EA9C71AA3B8E462BC59266CBC94" lsidName="T. panwaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panwaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEAEFF8F1F8AC4ECC52CB40E8371E42E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. panwaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to 8.6% (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB83A6D626376744AF893C175F5936E3" lsidName="T. uyenoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="uyenoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFEF85E6F9721201254A1B9BAF0F38E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">T. uyenoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="C303A5AF27A0A25FA5316F4CCAA53FA4" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Uncorrected p - distance (percentage) between the sequences of 1157 bp fragment of ND 2 gene (below the diagonal) and 508 bp fragment of 16 S rRNA gene (above the diagonal) of Tylototriton verrucosus species group members included in the phylogenetic analyses. Intraspecific genetic distances are shown on the diagonal." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/53AB1BB1BDF69B9A7166CE6F2E3430EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" tableUuid="53AB1BB1BDF69B9A7166CE6F2E3430EA">2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B78B0249078BC141CB88D3AE3FBE5146" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A7D35738CD8E58AEF2EEE46B6C9976CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Distribution and Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD50DD1A837358C5D7BA33756D4EABA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
To date
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC5D06AB2BAC00D44AC5F42ECC7C6B4F" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C041F60971047412F3C24694B17B58C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is known from five localities in montane areas of Manipur State, north-eastern India (see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0514399FC6FCE8179418CDC88EC9BE56" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Tylototriton ssp. in India and adjacent areas and sampling localities examined in this study. Colours of icons correspond to species marked in Fig. 2; a dot in a centre of an icon indicates the type locality. For locality info, see Table 1. Tylototriton himalayanus: 1 - Mai Pokhari, Illam, Mechi, Nepal; T. zaimeng sp. nov.: 2 - Zaimeng Lake, Koubru Forest Division, Kangpokpi, Manipur, India; 3 - Zeliad, Manipur, India; 4 - Phungyar, Kamjong, Manipur, India; 5 - Shiroy Lily Hills, Manipur, India; 6 - Chingjaroi Ngachaphung, Ukhrul, Manipur, India; Tylototriton sp.: 7 - Lahe, Khandi, Sagaing, Myanmar; T. kachinorum: 8 - In Gyi Taung Mt., Indawgyi, Kachin, Myanmar; T. panwaensis: 9 - Sadung, Myitkyina, Kachin, Myanmar; 10 - Panwa, Myitkyina, Kachin, Myanmar; T. verrucosus: 11 - Sinlum, Momauk, Banmaw, Kachin, Myanmar; 12 - Nantin, Momien and Hotha valleys, Yunnan, China; T. houi: 13 - Yulong, Lijiang, Yunnan, China; T. ngarsuensis: 14 - Ngar Su, Taunggyi, Shan, Myanmar; T. shanorum: 15 - Pindaya, Heho and Aungpan, Kalaw, Shan, Myanmar; 16 - Taunggyi, Shan, Myanmar; 17 - Pinlaung, Shan, Myanmar." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892310" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">1</figureCitation>
|
||
: localities 2-6) on elevations from 1,180 to 2,210 m a.s.l. The actual extent of distribution of the new species remains unknown; it is likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61AD9D838798D8031C17066193C8179A" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="5D8BF4B914A5F5A1CB563C28A8CC1D2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. occurs further northwards along the Khongtheng Mountain Range and other heavily forested highlands in the Nagaland State of India and even may penetrate to the easternmost parts of Arunachal Pradesh State of India and Sagaing Division of Myanmar. The taxonomic status of the existing record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A244BC93A18AC872EF3F342BED2FB1D" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1E42F16A78DFE60769AFB97B953D1790" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from Sagaing, Myanmar (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="399EAE83A9AA2A5E9F49B5DC4981551F" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Tylototriton ssp. in India and adjacent areas and sampling localities examined in this study. Colours of icons correspond to species marked in Fig. 2; a dot in a centre of an icon indicates the type locality. For locality info, see Table 1. Tylototriton himalayanus: 1 - Mai Pokhari, Illam, Mechi, Nepal; T. zaimeng sp. nov.: 2 - Zaimeng Lake, Koubru Forest Division, Kangpokpi, Manipur, India; 3 - Zeliad, Manipur, India; 4 - Phungyar, Kamjong, Manipur, India; 5 - Shiroy Lily Hills, Manipur, India; 6 - Chingjaroi Ngachaphung, Ukhrul, Manipur, India; Tylototriton sp.: 7 - Lahe, Khandi, Sagaing, Myanmar; T. kachinorum: 8 - In Gyi Taung Mt., Indawgyi, Kachin, Myanmar; T. panwaensis: 9 - Sadung, Myitkyina, Kachin, Myanmar; 10 - Panwa, Myitkyina, Kachin, Myanmar; T. verrucosus: 11 - Sinlum, Momauk, Banmaw, Kachin, Myanmar; 12 - Nantin, Momien and Hotha valleys, Yunnan, China; T. houi: 13 - Yulong, Lijiang, Yunnan, China; T. ngarsuensis: 14 - Ngar Su, Taunggyi, Shan, Myanmar; T. shanorum: 15 - Pindaya, Heho and Aungpan, Kalaw, Shan, Myanmar; 16 - Taunggyi, Shan, Myanmar; 17 - Pinlaung, Shan, Myanmar." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892310" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">1</figureCitation>
|
||
: locality 7), tentatively identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE0FC1CCEFE2A57F45BD81897BAF875" lsidName="T. panwaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="panwaensis">T. cf. panwaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F58141BD72C1ED0FE0A47DD14C8B950C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1587534" author="Grismer, LL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" pagination="475 - 495" refId="B14" refString="Grismer, LL, Wood, PL, Quah, ESH, Myint Kyaw Thura, , Espinoza, RE, Murdoch, ML, 2019. A new species of crocodile newt Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from northern Myanmar (Burma). Journal of Natural History 53 (7-8): 475 - 495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1587534" title="A new species of crocodile newt Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from northern Myanmar (Burma)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1587534" volume="53" year="2019">Grismer et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, requires further studies as it may represent a lineage closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="708BF729FBBC0A490DF84CCADAC591D1" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="8379FB556F8AE4E2425A18CA118C372A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF2BB63579B28DEA9500DC05328C1E11" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
Our knowledge on biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F191923F8328EA489579A1E5F9012A7A" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="BBC810661A8677258F73F6C422B901B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is incomplete. Adult animals were encountered both at night and during the day-time on the shallow parts of the lake (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F430F8AD08DF1F068C40C984F49ADD98" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Natural habitat of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. at Zaimeng Lake, Koubru Forest Division, Kangpokpi, Manipur, India. A. Vegetation surrounding the Zaimeng Lake; B. Males of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in situ; C. Breeding habitat of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov., numerous individuals can be seen on the muddy bottom of the lake. Photographs by Parag Shinde and Ht. Decemson." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892318" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The Zaimeng Lake, where the new species was for the first time encountered, is situated on top of Khongtheng Mountain Range at Thonglang Village (Bena Tababang); it is located on an elevation of ca. 2,212 metres above sea level and is one of the highest lakes in Manipur (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2FAF81BEF05A2FC8AE762E04211B580" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Natural habitat of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. at Zaimeng Lake, Koubru Forest Division, Kangpokpi, Manipur, India. A. Vegetation surrounding the Zaimeng Lake; B. Males of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in situ; C. Breeding habitat of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov., numerous individuals can be seen on the muddy bottom of the lake. Photographs by Parag Shinde and Ht. Decemson." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892318" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lake total area measures about 90,580.46 m2 and is surrounded by evergreen montane forest composed of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="113FCC66630769B072F6D2BFCDB975D8" class="Gastropoda" family="Sinuspiridae" genus="Michelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Michelia champacca" order="Pleurotomariida" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="champacca">
|
||
<emphasis id="72E0DF6EF4CDF6027860EB82A4493B6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Michelia champacca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D92D9D8D0E00EDBFA2980849B30B629" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Phoebe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoebe hainensenia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainensenia">
|
||
<emphasis id="3BB3181CCDF826C433DFD1F207AA1B15" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Phoebe hainensenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1FF0E411E60C8813D7F9472957298B6" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Magnolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D5AE4910D3B60FC9B5CFB4D437132E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="906EAD8EEB9698FB575B4835173949FA" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2939DD37A37C9F23190B2BA68EB8D2C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. with dense
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC12D6B5AB0EB90C65AF5557D85491AD" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Poaceae" genus="Arundinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arundinaria munro" order="Graminales" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="munro">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DCCF17D2D4699E5FF0C0BFFD9BA1E7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Arundinaria munro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bamboo undergrowth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0C355F92C553D47E35EC9872C9773D94" author="Sebastian, GM" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" refId="B51" refString="Sebastian, GM, 2015. Zaimeng Lake: High altitude fresh water lake ruled by crocodile newt. The Sangai Express, 9 September, 2015." title="Zaimeng Lake: High altitude fresh water lake ruled by crocodile newt. The Sangai Express, 9 September, 2015." year="2015">Sebastian 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="968795AADC2CAA5A8261844C900DE28A" author="Singh, AR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biological and Chemical Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" pagination="363 - 366" refId="B56" refString="Singh, AR, Singh, YS, Bunii, A, 2018. Himalayan Newt and Climate Change: A Case Study at Zaimeng Lake, Manipur. Journal of Biological and Chemical Research 35 (2): 363 - 366" title="Himalayan Newt and Climate Change: A Case Study at Zaimeng Lake, Manipur." volume="35" year="2018">Singh et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adult male and female newts were observed slowly moving along the muddy bottom in clear water.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBC4F33A3991EA0607A66C9584CB539E" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A9231E086F55A9BADD01CF08D50AD4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is locally abundant: in July, hundreds of adult newts could be seen on the bottom of Zaimeng Lake (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="11D8A6F0B2FFB1950F44EC282AF36CF0" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Natural habitat of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. at Zaimeng Lake, Koubru Forest Division, Kangpokpi, Manipur, India. A. Vegetation surrounding the Zaimeng Lake; B. Males of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov. in situ; C. Breeding habitat of Tylototriton zaimeng sp. nov., numerous individuals can be seen on the muddy bottom of the lake. Photographs by Parag Shinde and Ht. Decemson." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892318" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">9B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The new species is known to local Liangmei people as "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C31E214D28A62E8363E35B342C80E892" genus="Takope" lsidName="Takope" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B78D00487D74CF15A33564FC632B18B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Takope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
", or "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D794BC8EF4B49A56C6626AB1BF7063DF" genus="Tadui" lsidName="Tadui taku" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="taku">
|
||
<emphasis id="1919194F00F0E07D8F98FC49043F5577" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tadui taku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" in Liangmei dialect (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="725C81F395197EB902745FD45BFADB44" author="Singh, AR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biological and Chemical Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" pagination="363 - 366" refId="B56" refString="Singh, AR, Singh, YS, Bunii, A, 2018. Himalayan Newt and Climate Change: A Case Study at Zaimeng Lake, Manipur. Journal of Biological and Chemical Research 35 (2): 363 - 366" title="Himalayan Newt and Climate Change: A Case Study at Zaimeng Lake, Manipur." volume="35" year="2018">Singh et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1D0432E4A438411262CCA151E9601C47" originalValue="“Lengva”">"Lengva"</normalizedToken>
|
||
in Tangkhul and "Hangoi mamei panba" in Manipuri meaning "Tailed amphibian" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E625CE119B8A8AAD6436DF82BA411128" author="Selim, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" pagination="291 - 292" refId="B53" refString="Selim, K, 2001. Notes on Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson: a critically endangered newt from Manipur. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 98 (2): 291 - 292" title="Notes on Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson: a critically endangered newt from Manipur." volume="98" year="2001">Selim 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other species of amphibians recorded syntopically with the new species at the type locality include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE3E32A7EF0183AC55B9995291D5BB4C" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Polypedates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polypedates" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2D63964408133A487B04D3EBA16B0272" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Polypedates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3D1D31BB64C0CA65DC0AB27F69DC215" authorityName="Li, Jiang, Ren & Jiang" authorityYear="2019" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Zhangixalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zhangixalus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58DCD09EE08DE1290E2127DDAD823A1A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Zhangixalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C7E56E8F74EDBA3366FCE83A216CB5A8" doi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892318" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph id="7293B5ADBFCA0E72F19AC2A2DA0EEC14" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B5EED8C97A25CD1E7A27B18BFCB211" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Natural habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DDD70FFD140B5F1D7E8619C4A93C6147" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2F82C854AFB4DE3751944CA5BC780A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. at Zaimeng Lake, Koubru Forest Division, Kangpokpi, Manipur, India.
|
||
<emphasis id="6F70EA66F2D684F3CA9B31623B53336A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Vegetation surrounding the Zaimeng Lake;
|
||
<emphasis id="8BE12E5948BA0EE965A5449D0F859CD3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3FDADE0794E70D8F9EABA06A56DBF27" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="53CAD4CF7925DD7A65732CD95B8BAB37" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="70B081DE0F68A6DFBE30BB300D600545" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="FB71CFB972D4EE537460BA34E03AADC7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9494109673532F7942B3A921865BC23B" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="560AA1C881B0DFE2699F3D0DC90A4E6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., numerous individuals can be seen on the muddy bottom of the lake. Photographs by Parag Shinde and Ht. Decemson.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="12937A8093C35FA7638DDBF7C2190FD2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="3091D33396E7CBD59E6B3CA6A99F3ABD" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5351A01211581EBEF0D6F46789463DC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
The specific name "
|
||
<emphasis id="B455EC49558799F516F0DED4C297722F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
" is given as a noun in apposition and represents a Latinised version of the Liangmei dialect word "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8221EEA6DD0277F56E4C902898739393" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9BD067A1B8560949359FBB8357B452A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" literally meaning "Puzzle Lake" or "Mystery Lake". The name is given in reference to the Zaimeng Lake - a high-elevation mountain lake in Koubru Forest Division, the famous location where the crocodile newts were for the first time recorded in Manipur. It is believed that the name of the Lake was given by the Zeliangrong ancestors of Thonglang Village who passed by the Lake, but could not find their way to their destination as they used to return to the same spot again and again and circled the Lake over and over again (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8E87AD5526C2201F795A02E044AD204B" author="Sebastian, GM" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" refId="B51" refString="Sebastian, GM, 2015. Zaimeng Lake: High altitude fresh water lake ruled by crocodile newt. The Sangai Express, 9 September, 2015." title="Zaimeng Lake: High altitude fresh water lake ruled by crocodile newt. The Sangai Express, 9 September, 2015." year="2015">Sebastian 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2B314B97AD238D766D060EA145F7DA64" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="recommended vernacular names">
|
||
<paragraph id="C8154586AA591D979DAA1553BD5129D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Recommended vernacular names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5610E510FF684361A93C5CF963EEBD5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
We recommend the following trivial name in English: Zaimeng Lake Crocodile Newt. The vernacular name in Liangmei dialect:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="696BE4ED001FB0E476C1DE065158916C" genus="Tadui" lsidName="Tadui taku" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" rank="species" species="taku">Tadui taku</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Tangkhul: Lengva; Manipuri: Hangoi mamei panba.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B54431104FA08FB6831B05A70E6FCD48" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="83B6EF4C47B603A43C0B7252BE14A5C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C3B454C0B9A82AF6CE520066A540FDBF" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="208942D1FA6309A9FBD6D567CE8E04A0" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCD1D2EA916C8B41F18CD24A91121F14" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is to date known from not more than five localities in montane areas of Manipur State of north-eastern India; the actual extent of range of the new species is unknown (see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A0AB3DBA431A8B4DFE0E452823F077AD" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Tylototriton ssp. in India and adjacent areas and sampling localities examined in this study. Colours of icons correspond to species marked in Fig. 2; a dot in a centre of an icon indicates the type locality. For locality info, see Table 1. Tylototriton himalayanus: 1 - Mai Pokhari, Illam, Mechi, Nepal; T. zaimeng sp. nov.: 2 - Zaimeng Lake, Koubru Forest Division, Kangpokpi, Manipur, India; 3 - Zeliad, Manipur, India; 4 - Phungyar, Kamjong, Manipur, India; 5 - Shiroy Lily Hills, Manipur, India; 6 - Chingjaroi Ngachaphung, Ukhrul, Manipur, India; Tylototriton sp.: 7 - Lahe, Khandi, Sagaing, Myanmar; T. kachinorum: 8 - In Gyi Taung Mt., Indawgyi, Kachin, Myanmar; T. panwaensis: 9 - Sadung, Myitkyina, Kachin, Myanmar; 10 - Panwa, Myitkyina, Kachin, Myanmar; T. verrucosus: 11 - Sinlum, Momauk, Banmaw, Kachin, Myanmar; 12 - Nantin, Momien and Hotha valleys, Yunnan, China; T. houi: 13 - Yulong, Lijiang, Yunnan, China; T. ngarsuensis: 14 - Ngar Su, Taunggyi, Shan, Myanmar; T. shanorum: 15 - Pindaya, Heho and Aungpan, Kalaw, Shan, Myanmar; 16 - Taunggyi, Shan, Myanmar; 17 - Pinlaung, Shan, Myanmar." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e106614.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892310" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The new species is anticipated to inhabit elevations above 1,000 m a.s.l. on mountains of the Khongtheng Mountain Range and could be possibly found in the adjacent parts of Nagaland and perhaps even the Sagaing Division of Myanmar. Further studies are needed to understand the current distribution range, population trends and possible threats to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FAAA1FC53039E19C6A68C00E0A64886B" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3A64F0875CC17C907634906159E2811" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. The montane forests where the new species occurs are affected by growing forest destruction and anthropogenic pressure. Given this information, we tentatively suggest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1DCC9FA386F3BCD70F3DB7CF8ABFB7C" authorityName="Decemson & Lalremsanga & Elangbam & Vabeiryureilai & Shinde & Purkayastha & Arkhipov & Bragin & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Tylototriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylototriton zaimeng" order="Urodela" pageId="0" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaimeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2FD70605E138642F3E910E59B5D70B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="203">Tylototriton zaimeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. to be considered as a Vulnerable (VU) species, following
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6EA9DB1C18E87BA8E7D8108DF682E713" originalValue="IUCN’s">IUCN's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Red List categories (IUCN 2019).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |