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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3648421" ID-GBIF-Dataset="904d97ff-7d79-4253-bc8d-efa08ca5c475" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162053777" ID-ISSN="1312-0174" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3648421" approvedBy="poa" checkinTime="1580994857984" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Grazia, J. &amp; Schwertner, C. F." docDate="2008" docId="E476094F451FFFD9BE8FFB6BB759FCA0" docLanguage="en" docName="AdvHeteroRes.1.111-121.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Advances in Heteroptera Research, Moscow: Pensoft Publishers" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Parachinavia prunasis Grazia &amp; Schwertner 2008" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="184F7137451AFFD1BF2AFFDFB503FFC7" masterDocTitle="Review of Parachinavia ROCHE (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatominae)" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="111" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" updateTime="1643573035996" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Review of Parachinavia ROCHE (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatominae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Grazia, J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43435, 91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jocelia@ufrgs.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schwertner, C. F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43435, 91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">acrosternum@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:dateIssued>2008</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Moscow</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Grozeva, S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Simov, N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Advances in Heteroptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>111</mods:start>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3648246</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">904d97ff-7d79-4253-bc8d-efa08ca5c475</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1312-0174</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3648421" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162053777" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3648421" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E476094F451FFFD9BE8FFB6BB759FCA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E476094F451FFFD9BE8FFB6BB759FCA0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<subSubSection box="[421,924,1204,1231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="5.[421,924,1204,1231]" box="[421,924,1204,1231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<heading bold="true" box="[421,924,1204,1231]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" reason="4">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[421,715,1204,1231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[421,676,1204,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Parachinavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunasis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[421,676,1204,1231]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Parachinavia prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode box="[691,782,1205,1231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[715,782,1210,1229]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">DALLAS</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[782,924,1205,1231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">) nov. comb.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[608,737,1242,1266]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="5.[608,737,1242,1266]" box="[608,737,1242,1266]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
(
<figureCitation box="[615,729,1242,1266]" captionStart-0="Figs12-19" captionStart-1="Figs 20-21" captionStart-2="Figs 22" captionStartId-0="6.[121,169,1445,1469]" captionStartId-1="7.[181,229,1477,1501]" captionStartId-2="8.[122,170,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1062,734,1425]" captionTargetBox-1="[240,1120,854,1457]" captionTargetBox-2="[121,1105,921,1614]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[158,1067,734,1425]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[226,1120,839,1457]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[121,1105,921,1613]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="Figs12-19: Parachinavia prunasis nov.comb. 12-14, Pygophore in dorsal, lateral and ventral views; 15-16, Left paramere in latero-medial and latero-external views; 17-19, Phallus, with vesica expanded, in dorsal, lateral and ventral views; articulatory apparatus omitted (cj- conjunctiva; drdorsal rim; dsd- ductus seminis distalis; dsp- ductus seminis proximalis; er- ejaculatory reservoir; ivr- infolding of ventral rim; me- median excavation of ventral rim; pa- paramere; ph- phallotheca; pv- processus vesicae; sdr- spine of dorsal rim; sp- superior processes of dorsal rim; v- vesica; vr- ventral rim; X- segment X)." captionText-1="Figs 20-21: Parachinavia prunasis nov. comb. 20- genital plates; 21- Ectodermal ducts and laterotergites, gonocoxites an gonapophyses of ninth segment (af- anterior flange; atv- anterior thickenings of vaginal intima; ch- chitinellipsen; cs- capsula seminalis; dre- ductus recepatuculi; g9- gonapophyses 9; gc8- gonocoxites 8; gc9- gonocoxites 9; la8- laterotergites 8; la9- laterotergites 9; pf- posterior flange; pi- pars intermedialis; s- spiracles; tg9- thickenings of gonapophyses 9; va- vesicular area; VII- segment VII; X- segment X)." captionText-2="Figs 22: ......................................" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3648252" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3648254" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3648256" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3648252/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3648254/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3648256/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Figs 12-22</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="5.[181,1165,1305,1653]" box="[181,691,1305,1330]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[181,691,1305,1330]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName authority="Dallas, 1851: 279" authorityName="Dallas" authorityPageNumber="279" authorityYear="1851" box="[181,387,1306,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Raphigaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunasis">
<emphasis box="[181,387,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Raphigaster prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Dallas W. S." box="[393,541,1305,1330]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref4141" refString="Dallas W. S. (1851). List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the Brithsh Museum. - Trustees of the British Museum, London: 1 - 368 + pls. 1 - 11." title="List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the Brithsh Museum" type="book chapter" year="1851">Dallas, 1851</bibRefCitation>
: 279 (nov.sp.).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[181,1165,1305,1653]" box="[181,940,1338,1362]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[181,940,1338,1362]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName authority=": Distant, 1900: 392" authorityName="Dallas" authorityPageNumber="392" authorityYear="1900" box="[181,342,1339,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Nezara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunasis">
<emphasis box="[181,342,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Nezara prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation author="Distant W. L." box="[355,557,1338,1362]" page="392" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation author="Distant W. L." box="[355,513,1338,1362]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" pagination="420 - 435" part="7" refId="ref4184" refString="Distant W. L. 1900. Rhynchotal notes IV. Heteroptera: Pentatominae (part). - Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 5: 420 - 435." title="Rhynchotal notes IV. Heteroptera: Pentatominae (part)" type="journal article" year="1900">Distant, 1900</bibRefCitation>
:392
</treatmentCitation>
(list);
<treatmentCitation author="Hesse A. J." box="[624,787,1338,1362]" page="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" year="1926">
<bibRefCitation author="Hesse A. J." box="[624,751,1338,1362]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 177" part="23" refId="ref4358" refString="Hesse A. J. (1926). A list of the Heteropterous and Homopterous Hemiptera of South West Africa. - Annals of the South African Museum, 23: 1 - 177 + 2 plates." title="A list of the Heteropterous and Homopterous Hemiptera of South West Africa" type="book chapter" year="1926">Hesse, 1926</bibRefCitation>
: 36
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[181,1165,1305,1653]" box="[181,957,1369,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[181,957,1369,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName authority="Schouteden, 1909: 59" authorityName="Schouteden" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1909" box="[181,309,1370,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Nezara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klugi">
<emphasis box="[181,309,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Nezara klugi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation author="Schouteden H." box="[315,553,1369,1394]" page="" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation author="Schouteden H." box="[315,553,1369,1394]" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee du Congo Belge. Zoologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 85" part="3" refId="ref4710" refString="Schouteden H. (1909). Catalogues raisonnes de la Faune entomologique du Congo Belge. Hemipteres, fam. Pentatomidae. - Annales du Musee du Congo Belge. Zoologie, Serie 2 c (3), 1: 1 - 85." title="Catalogues raisonnes de la Faune entomologique du Congo Belge. Hemipteres, fam. Pentatomidae" type="journal article" year="1909">Schouteden, 1909:59</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(taxonomy and distribution).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[863,957,1370,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">nov. syn.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[181,1165,1305,1653]" box="[181,1037,1402,1426]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[181,1037,1402,1426]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName authority=": Kirkaldy, 1909: 121" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityPageNumber="121" authorityYear="1843" box="[181,499,1402,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Nezara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" species="prunasis">
<emphasis box="[181,254,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Nezara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[270,392,1402,1425]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Acrosternum</emphasis>
?)
<emphasis box="[417,499,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation author="" box="[511,731,1402,1426]" page="121" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Kirkaldy, 1909: 121</treatmentCitation>
(taxonomy and distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[181,1165,1305,1653]" box="[181,875,1433,1458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[181,875,1433,1458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName authority="Schouteden, 1909: 59" authorityName="Schouteden" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1909" box="[181,349,1435,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Nezara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersa">
<emphasis box="[181,349,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Nezara conspersa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation author="Schouteden H." box="[355,573,1433,1458]" page="59" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation author="Schouteden H." box="[355,543,1433,1458]" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee du Congo Belge. Zoologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 85" part="3" refId="ref4710" refString="Schouteden H. (1909). Catalogues raisonnes de la Faune entomologique du Congo Belge. Hemipteres, fam. Pentatomidae. - Annales du Musee du Congo Belge. Zoologie, Serie 2 c (3), 1: 1 - 85." title="Catalogues raisonnes de la Faune entomologique du Congo Belge. Hemipteres, fam. Pentatomidae" type="journal article" year="1909">Schouteden, 1909</bibRefCitation>
:59
</treatmentCitation>
(syn. by Linnavuori, 1972).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[181,1165,1305,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName authority="prunasis" authorityName="Linnavuori" authorityPageNumber="429" authorityYear="1972" box="[181,490,1466,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Acrosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prunasis" subSpecies="prunasis">
<emphasis box="[181,490,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Acrosternum prunasis prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation author="Linnavuori" box="[506,751,1466,1490]" page="429" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" year="1972">Linnavuori, 1972:429</treatmentCitation>
(taxonomy and distribution);
<treatmentCitation author="Linnavuori" box="[1079,1165,1465,1490]" page="99" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" year="1975">1975:99</treatmentCitation>
(distribution), 1982a:25 (distribution)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[181,1165,1305,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName authority=": Linnavuori, 1972: 429" authorityName="Linnavuori" authorityPageNumber="429" authorityYear="1972" box="[181,451,1530,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Acrosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prunasis" subSpecies="klugi">
<emphasis box="[181,451,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Acrosternum prunasis klugi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation author="Linnavuori" box="[465,706,1530,1554]" page="429" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" year="1972">Linnavuori, 1972:429</treatmentCitation>
(taxonomy and distribution);
<treatmentCitation author="Linnavuori" box="[1023,1107,1529,1554]" page="99" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" year="1975">1975:99</treatmentCitation>
(distribution).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[354,448,1562,1586]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">nov. syn.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[181,1165,1305,1653]" box="[181,1110,1594,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[181,1110,1594,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName authority=": Linnavuori, 1982 b: 142" authorityName="Dallas" authorityPageNumber="142" authorityYear="1851" box="[181,538,1594,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Acrosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunasis" subGenus="Acrosternum">
<emphasis box="[181,303,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Acrosternum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[319,441,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Acrosternum</emphasis>
)
<emphasis box="[456,538,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation author="Linnavuori R." box="[550,803,1594,1618]" page="142" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation author="Linnavuori R." box="[550,760,1594,1618]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 176" part="163" refId="ref4522" refString="Linnavuori R. (1982 b) Pentatomidae and Acanthosomidae of Nigeria and the Ivory Coast, with remarks on species of the adjacent countries in West and Central Africa. - Acta Zoologica Fennica, 163: 1 - 176." title="Pentatomidae and Acanthosomidae of Nigeria and the Ivory Coast, with remarks on species of the adjacent countries in West and Central Africa" type="journal article" year="1982">Linnavuori, 1982b</bibRefCitation>
:142
</treatmentCitation>
(taxonomy and distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[181,403,1629,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="5.[181,1165,1305,1653]" box="[181,403,1629,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
Type-locality:
<collectingCountry box="[332,403,1629,1653]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Congo</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="6.[121,1104,175,695]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
Male. Rostrum surpassing metacoxae.Measurements (mm±standard deviation):Totallength 9.62±0.33, total width 5.66±0.38, head length 1.86±0.06, head width 2.63±0.08, interocular distance 1.61±0.05, interocellar distance 1.02±0.02, head length in front of eyes 0.86±0.04, antennal segment I 0.46 ±0.10, antennal segment II 0.99±0.09, antennal segment
<collectionCode box="[1072,1104,282,308]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">III</collectionCode>
1.23±0.11, antennal segment
<collectionCode box="[439,469,317,343]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">IV</collectionCode>
1.41+0.13, antennal segment
<collectionCode box="[792,812,317,343]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
1.33±0.04, rostral segment I 0.78±0.07, rostral segment II 1.34±0.12, rostral segment
<collectionCode box="[771,802,352,378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">III</collectionCode>
1.17±0.14, rostral segment
<collectionCode box="[121,151,387,413]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">IV</collectionCode>
0.96±0.11, pronotum length 1.74±0.10, pronotum width 5.82±0.26, scutellum length 3.60±0.22, scutellum width 3.60±0.17. Pygophore: medianexcavationof ventral rimoccupying less than median third of this structure (
<figureCitation box="[559,682,457,483]" captionStart="Figs12-19" captionStartId="6.[121,169,1445,1469]" captionTargetBox="[159,1062,734,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[158,1067,734,1425]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs12-19: Parachinavia prunasis nov.comb. 12-14, Pygophore in dorsal, lateral and ventral views; 15-16, Left paramere in latero-medial and latero-external views; 17-19, Phallus, with vesica expanded, in dorsal, lateral and ventral views; articulatory apparatus omitted (cj- conjunctiva; drdorsal rim; dsd- ductus seminis distalis; dsp- ductus seminis proximalis; er- ejaculatory reservoir; ivr- infolding of ventral rim; me- median excavation of ventral rim; pa- paramere; ph- phallotheca; pv- processus vesicae; sdr- spine of dorsal rim; sp- superior processes of dorsal rim; v- vesica; vr- ventral rim; X- segment X)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3648252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3648252/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Figs 12, 14</figureCitation>
). Parameres: apical portion wider than basal portion; apical margin somewhat truncate, apical process conspicuous (
<figureCitation box="[948,1068,492,519]" captionStart="Figs12-19" captionStartId="6.[121,169,1445,1469]" captionTargetBox="[159,1062,734,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[158,1067,734,1425]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs12-19: Parachinavia prunasis nov.comb. 12-14, Pygophore in dorsal, lateral and ventral views; 15-16, Left paramere in latero-medial and latero-external views; 17-19, Phallus, with vesica expanded, in dorsal, lateral and ventral views; articulatory apparatus omitted (cj- conjunctiva; drdorsal rim; dsd- ductus seminis distalis; dsp- ductus seminis proximalis; er- ejaculatory reservoir; ivr- infolding of ventral rim; me- median excavation of ventral rim; pa- paramere; ph- phallotheca; pv- processus vesicae; sdr- spine of dorsal rim; sp- superior processes of dorsal rim; v- vesica; vr- ventral rim; X- segment X)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3648252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3648252/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Figs 15-16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[121,1104,175,695]" lastBlockId="7.[181,1165,175,800]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
Female. Rostrum same as male. Measurements (mm±standard deviation): Total lenght 10.90±0.82, total width 6.27±0.45, head length 2.01±0.11, head width 2.80±0.17, interocular distance 1.76±0.11, interocellar distance 1.15±0.07, head length in front of eyes 0.92±0.06, antennal segment I 0.50±0.09, antennal segment II 1.02±0.15, antennal segment
<collectionCode box="[221,253,669,695]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">III</collectionCode>
1.24±0.25, antennal segment
<collectionCode box="[585,615,669,695]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">IV</collectionCode>
1.39±0.05, antennal segment
<collectionCode box="[947,967,669,695]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
1.35, rostral segment I 0.82±0.11, rostral segment II 1.36±0.10, rostral segment
<collectionCode box="[930,962,176,202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">III</collectionCode>
1.14±0.09, rostral segment
<collectionCode box="[280,310,211,237]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">IV</collectionCode>
0.95±0.06, pronotum length 1.89±0.12, pronotum width 6.38±0.42, scutellum length 4.05±0.38, scutellum width 4.02±0.28. Genitalia as described for the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3648252" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3648252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3648252/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" startId="6.[121,169,1445,1469]" targetBox="[159,1062,734,1425]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph blockId="6.[121,1104,1445,1662]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,234,1445,1469]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Figs 12-19</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[244,461,1445,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Parachinavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunasis" status="nov.comb.">
<emphasis box="[244,461,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Parachinavia prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[465,569,1445,1469]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" rank="species">nov.comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
12-14, Pygophore in dorsal, lateraland ventral views; 15-16, Left paramere in latero-medial and latero-external views; 17-19, Phallus, with vesica expanded, in dorsal, lateral and ventral views; articulatory apparatus omitted (cj- conjunctiva; drdorsal rim; dsd- ductus seminis distalis; dsp- ductus seminis proximalis; er- ejaculatory reservoir; ivr- infoldingof ventral rim; me- medianexcavationof ventral rim; pa- paramere; ph- phallotheca; pv- processus vesicae; sdr- spine of dorsal rim; sp- superior processes of dorsal rim; v- vesica; vr- ventral rim; X- segment X).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="7.[181,1165,175,800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
Comments.
<bibRefCitation author="Dallas W. S." box="[381,552,281,308]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref4141" refString="Dallas W. S. (1851). List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the Brithsh Museum. - Trustees of the British Museum, London: 1 - 368 + pls. 1 - 11." title="List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the Brithsh Museum" type="book chapter" year="1851">Dallas (1851)</bibRefCitation>
described this species in
<taxonomicName authority="Westwood, 1837" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1837" box="[830,959,281,307]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Raphigaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[830,959,281,307]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Raphigaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, subgenus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[1079,1159,282,307]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Nezara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1079,1159,282,307]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Nezara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on a female collected from
<collectingCountry box="[569,648,316,342]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Congo</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Stal C." box="[661,802,315,343]" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 162" part="14" refId="ref4807" refString="Stal C. (1876). Enumeratio Hemipterorum V. - Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 14: 1 - 162." title="Enumeratio Hemipterorum V" type="journal article" year="1876">Stål (1876)</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[918,1042,317,342]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Parachinavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunasis">
<emphasis box="[918,1042,317,342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">R. prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in his Inserti Pentatomidarum Loci Systematici list, while
<bibRefCitation author="Kirkaldy G. W." box="[768,971,351,378]" journalOrPublisher="Felix L. Dames, Berlin: xxxix" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 392" refId="ref4397" refString="Kirkaldy G. W. (1909). Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera). 1 - Cimicidae. - Felix L. Dames, Berlin: xxxix + 1 - 392." title="Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera). 1 - Cimicidae" type="book chapter" year="1909">Kirkaldy (1909)</bibRefCitation>
expressed doubt as to its position within
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[462,542,387,412]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Nezara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[462,542,387,412]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Nezara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Distant W. L." box="[556,745,387,413]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" pagination="420 - 435" part="7" refId="ref4184" refString="Distant W. L. 1900. Rhynchotal notes IV. Heteroptera: Pentatominae (part). - Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 5: 420 - 435." title="Rhynchotal notes IV. Heteroptera: Pentatominae (part)" type="journal article" year="1900">Distant (1900)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Hesse A. J." box="[803,963,387,414]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 177" part="23" refId="ref4358" refString="Hesse A. J. (1926). A list of the Heteropterous and Homopterous Hemiptera of South West Africa. - Annals of the South African Museum, 23: 1 - 177 + 2 plates." title="A list of the Heteropterous and Homopterous Hemiptera of South West Africa" type="book chapter" year="1926">Hesse (1926)</bibRefCitation>
listed the species in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[215,295,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Nezara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[215,295,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Nezara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and Linnavuori (1972, 1975, 1982a, 1982b) included it in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1860" box="[1024,1159,422,448]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Acrosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1024,1159,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Acrosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Schouteden H." box="[181,421,457,483]" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee du Congo Belge. Zoologie" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 85" part="3" refId="ref4710" refString="Schouteden H. (1909). Catalogues raisonnes de la Faune entomologique du Congo Belge. Hemipteres, fam. Pentatomidae. - Annales du Musee du Congo Belge. Zoologie, Serie 2 c (3), 1: 1 - 85." title="Catalogues raisonnes de la Faune entomologique du Congo Belge. Hemipteres, fam. Pentatomidae" type="journal article" year="1909">Schouteden (1909)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schouteden" authorityYear="1909" box="[543,727,458,483]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Nezara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersa">
<emphasis box="[543,727,458,483]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Nezara conspersa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schouteden" authorityYear="1909" box="[783,924,457,483]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Nezara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klugi">
<emphasis box="[783,924,457,483]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Nezara klugi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and compared them to
<taxonomicName authority="Klug. Linnavuori (1972)" authorityName="Klug. Linnavuori" authorityYear="1972" box="[213,691,492,518]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Nezara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miliaris">
<emphasis box="[213,384,492,518]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Nezara miliaris</emphasis>
Klug. Linnavuori (1972)
</taxonomicName>
included all these species in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1860" box="[1024,1158,493,519]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Acrosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1024,1158,493,519]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Acrosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, established
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schouteden" authorityYear="1909" box="[314,446,528,553]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Nezara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersa">
<emphasis box="[314,446,528,553]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">N. conspersa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonymy of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[734,855,528,554]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Parachinavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunasis">
<emphasis box="[734,855,528,554]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A. prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and considered
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schouteden" authorityYear="1909" box="[1049,1134,527,554]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Nezara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klugi">
<emphasis box="[1049,1134,527,554]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A. klugi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[355,476,563,589]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Parachinavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunasis">
<emphasis box="[355,476,563,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A. prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; he also compared
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[695,815,563,589]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Parachinavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunasis">
<emphasis box="[695,815,563,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A. prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName authority="(Mulsant &amp; Rey)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant &amp; Rey" baseAuthorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Acrosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="millierei">
<emphasis box="[881,1001,563,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A. millierei</emphasis>
(Mulsant &amp; Rey)
</taxonomicName>
and, according to him, the two differ mainly in the structure of male genitalia. In fact, this difference among
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[485,605,633,659]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Parachinavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunasis">
<emphasis box="[485,605,633,659]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A. prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1860" box="[660,795,633,659]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Acrosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[660,795,633,659]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Acrosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. corresponds to the diagnostic character proposed by
<bibRefCitation author="Roche P. J. L." box="[471,636,668,694]" journalOrPublisher="Revue Zoologique africaine" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" pagination="558 - 572" part="91" refId="ref4639" refString="Roche P. J. L. (1977). Pentatomidae of the granitic islands of Seychelles (Heteroptera). - Revue Zoologique africaine, 91: 558 - 572." title="Pentatomidae of the granitic islands of Seychelles (Heteroptera)" type="journal article" year="1977">Roche (1977)</bibRefCitation>
to establish
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roche" authorityYear="1977" box="[778,923,668,694]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Parachinavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[778,923,668,694]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Parachinavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Linnavuori (1972) proposition of
<taxonomicName box="[353,538,703,730]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Parachinavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prunasis" subSpecies="klugi">
<emphasis box="[353,538,703,730]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A. prunasis klugi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based just on head length; the variation observed in the specimens studied did not support this hypotheses. Therefore,
<taxonomicName box="[959,1140,739,765]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Parachinavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prunasis" subSpecies="klugi">
<emphasis box="[959,1140,739,765]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A. prunasis klugi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is synonymized with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[397,512,775,800]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Parachinavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunasis" status="comb.nov.">
<emphasis box="[397,512,775,800]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">P. prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[520,636,774,800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3648254" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3648254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3648254/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" startId="7.[181,229,1477,1501]" targetBox="[240,1120,854,1457]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph blockId="7.[181,1165,1477,1662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,300,1477,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Figs 20-21</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[316,542,1477,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Parachinavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunasis" status="nov. comb.">
<emphasis box="[316,542,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Parachinavia prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[551,666,1477,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" rank="species">nov. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
20- genital plates; 21- Ectodermal ducts and laterotergites, gonocoxites an gonapophyses of ninth segment (af- anterior flange; atv- anterior thickenings of vaginal intima; ch- chitinellipsen; cs- capsula seminalis; dre- ductus recepatuculi; g9- gonapophyses 9; gc8- gonocoxites 8; gc9- gonocoxites 9; la8- laterotergites 8; la9- laterotergites 9; pf- posterior flange; pi- pars intermedialis; s- spiracles; tg9- thickenings of gonapophyses 9; va- vesicular area; VII- segment VII; X- segment X).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="8.[121,1104,175,871]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Grazia &amp; Schwertner" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[181,424,175,201]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Parachinavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunasis">
<emphasis box="[181,424,175,201]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Parachinavia prunasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roche" authorityYear="1977" box="[743,839,175,201]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Parachinavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="creolea">
<emphasis box="[743,839,175,201]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">P. creolea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the longer rostrum, the narrower excavation of ventral rim of pygophore and the somewhat wider parameres, truncate at apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="8.[121,1104,175,871]" box="[181,583,280,308]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563881727" box="[181,579,280,308]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Republic of the Congo" location="Congo" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Congo" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[181,293,281,307]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount box="[304,325,282,308]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="female"></specimenCount>
[a.
<collectingRegion box="[367,449,280,308]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Congo</collectingRegion>
] (
<collectionCode box="[471,569,281,307]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[121,1104,175,871]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563881725" collectingDate="1963-01-25" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Sudan" location="Tendelti" municipality="Tendelti" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Kordofan">
Other specimens examined:
<specimenCount box="[533,569,316,343]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
[
<collectingRegion box="[588,708,316,342]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Kordofan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[722,824,316,342]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Tendelti</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[840,1007,316,342]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">UmmRuwaba</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry box="[1023,1100,316,342]" name="Sudan" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="Sudan">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<date box="[121,232,351,378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1963-01-25">
<collectingDate box="[121,232,351,378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1963-01-25">25.I.1963</collectingDate>
</date>
, Linnavuori] (
<collectionCode box="[400,500,352,378]" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563881723" collectingDate="1963-04-25" collectingDateMax="1963-04-26" collectingDateMin="1963-04-25" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Sudan" location="Equatoria" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Equatoria">
<specimenCount box="[521,556,352,378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
[
<collectingCountry box="[572,649,351,377]" name="Sudan" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="Sudan">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[662,777,351,377]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Equatoria</collectingRegion>
,
<locationDeviation box="[788,1015,351,377]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Tambura-Wau road</locationDeviation>
,
<date pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1963-04-25" valueMax="1963-04-26" valueMin="1963-04-25">
<collectingDate pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1963-04-25" valueMax="1963-04-26" valueMin="1963-04-25">25-26. IV.1963</collectingDate>
</date>
, Linnavuori] (
<collectionCode box="[377,477,387,413]" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563881724" collectingDate="1968-11-15" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Ghana" location="Legon, A. D." pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ghana">
<specimenCount box="[496,532,387,413]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
[
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E476094F451FFFD9BE8FFB6BB759FCA0:6900EE824512FFD9BD0BFE5CB7B6FE5A" box="[545,693,387,413]" country="Ghana" name="Legon, A. D." pageId="8" pageNumber="119" stateProvince="Ghana">Legon, A.D.</location>
,
<collectingCountry box="[705,784,387,413]" name="Ghana" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Ghana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingDate box="[794,896,386,413]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1968-11-15">
<date box="[794,896,386,413]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1968-11-15">15.XI.68</date>
</collectingDate>
, D. Leston//U.V.] (
<collectionCode box="[129,229,422,448]" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563881733" box="[248,980,421,449]" collectingDate="1968-11-20" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Ghana" location="Legon" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ghana">
<specimenCount box="[248,283,422,449]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
[
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E476094F451FFFD9BE8FFB6BB759FCA0:6900EE824512FFD9BE02FE79B474FE07" box="[296,375,422,448]" country="Ghana" name="Legon" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" stateProvince="Ghana">Legon</location>
,
<collectingCountry box="[384,463,422,448]" name="Ghana" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Ghana</collectingCountry>
,
<date box="[473,604,422,448]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1968-11-20">
<collectingDate box="[473,604,422,448]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1968-11-20">20.XI.1968</collectingDate>
</date>
, D. Leston//U.V. trap] (
<collectionCode box="[873,973,422,448]" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563881732" collectingDate="1967-10-14" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="D. Leston" country="Ghana" location="Tron" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ghana">
<specimenCount box="[991,1026,422,449]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
[
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E476094F451FFFD9BE8FFB6BB759FCA0:6900EE824512FFD9BB24FE79B148FE07" box="[1038,1099,422,448]" country="Ghana" name="Tron" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" stateProvince="Ghana">Tron</location>
,
<collectingCountry box="[121,198,457,483]" name="Ghana" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Ghana</collectingCountry>
,
<date box="[207,325,457,483]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1967-10-14">
<collectingDate box="[207,325,457,483]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1967-10-14">14.X.1967</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[334,449,456,484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">D. Leston</collectorName>
] (
<collectionCode box="[468,566,457,483]" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563881728" collectionCode="NMNH" collectorName="Rider" country="Nigeria" location="Olokemepi" municipality="Ibadan" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount box="[584,619,457,484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
[
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E476094F451FFFD9BE8FFB6BB759FCA0:6900EE824512FFD9BD5CFE16B7FBFE24" box="[630,760,457,483]" country="Nigeria" municipality="Ibadan" name="Olokemepi" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Olokemepi</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[769,848,457,483]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Ibadan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry box="[858,942,457,483]" name="Nigeria" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
//Bridwell collection //
<taxonomicName authority=", Rider" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[219,520,492,518]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Acrosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunasis" subGenus="Acrosternum">Acrosternum (A.) prunasis</taxonomicName>
,
<collectorName box="[529,592,492,518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Rider</collectorName>
det. 1989] (
<collectionCode box="[723,823,492,518]" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563881721" collectingDate="2012-12" collectionCode="NMNH" collectorName="W. Carter" country="Botswana" elevation="975" latitude="-19.083334" location="Okavango swamp" longLatPrecision="1273" longitude="23.1" municipality="Xugana" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount box="[841,876,492,519]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
[
<collectingCountry box="[888,1004,493,519]" name="Botswana" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="Botswana">Botswana</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality box="[1012,1100,493,519]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Xugana</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E476094F451FFFD9BE8FFB6BB759FCA0:6900EE824512FFD9BF53FDD0B447FDED" box="[121,324,527,554]" country="Botswana" latitude="-19.083334" longLatPrecision="1273" longitude="23.1" municipality="Xugana" name="Okavango swamp" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Okavango swamp</location>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[334,421,527,554]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" precision="925" value="-19.083334">19°05S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[427,518,527,553]" degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" precision="925" value="23.1">23°06E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[528,605,527,553]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7536" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" unit="ft" value="3200.0">
<elevation box="[528,605,527,553]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7536" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" unit="ft" value="3200.0">3200ft</elevation>
</quantity>
, 1-
<collectingDate box="[636,793,527,554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="2012-12">
<date box="[636,793,527,554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="2012-12">12 December</date>
</collectingDate>
, 1975,
<collectorName box="[871,982,527,554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">W. Carter</collectorName>
//collected at Black light] (
<collectionCode box="[299,400,563,589]" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563881722" collectingDate="1967-11-25" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="JA &amp; S Slater &amp; T. Schuh" country="Botswana" location="Transvaal Meientpes Kop." municipality="Pretoria" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount box="[420,455,563,589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
[
<collectingMunicipality box="[468,564,563,589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Pretoria</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E476094F451FFFD9BE8FFB6BB759FCA0:6900EE824512FFD9BD14FDECB669FD8A" box="[574,874,563,589]" country="Botswana" municipality="Pretoria" name="Transvaal Meientpes Kop." pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Transvaal Meientpes Kop.</location>
,
<date box="[885,1032,562,589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1967-11-25">
<collectingDate box="[885,1032,562,589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1967-11-25">25.Nov.1967</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[1044,1073,563,589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">JA</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[121,211,598,624]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">S Slater</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[223,323,597,625]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">T.Schuh</collectorName>
] (
<collectionCode box="[347,447,598,624]" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563881726" collectingDate="1961-12" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="A. L. Capener" country="Botswana" location="Rostenburg" municipality="Rostenburg" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount box="[468,503,598,625]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
[
<collectingMunicipality box="[519,656,598,624]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Rostenburg</collectingMunicipality>
, U. SO. Afr.,
<date box="[816,921,598,624]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1961-12">
<collectingDate box="[816,921,598,624]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1961-12">XII.1961</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[935,1097,597,625]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">A.L. Capener</collectorName>
] (
<collectionCode box="[129,229,633,659]" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563881731" box="[249,938,632,660]" collectingDate="1953-07" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="A. L. Capener" country="South Africa" location="Umtentweni" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount box="[249,284,633,660]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
[
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E476094F451FFFD9BE8FFB6BB759FCA0:6900EE824512FFD9BE03FDA6B4BEFD54" box="[297,445,633,659]" country="South Africa" name="Umtentweni" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Umtentweni</location>
,
<collectingCountry box="[457,521,633,659]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="South Africa">Natal</collectingCountry>
,
<date box="[531,637,633,660]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1953-07">
<collectingDate box="[531,637,633,660]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="1953-07">VII.1953</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[649,809,632,660]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">A.L. Capener</collectorName>
] (
<collectionCode box="[830,930,633,659]" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563881730" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="E. Simar" country="South Africa" county="Transvaal" location="HammanSkraal" municipality="HammanSkraal" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount box="[949,985,633,660]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
[Museum Paris,
<collectingCounty box="[188,298,668,694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Transvaal</collectingCounty>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E476094F451FFFD9BE8FFB6BB759FCA0:6900EE824512FFD9BE1FFD43B4E8FD71" box="[309,491,668,694]" country="South Africa" county="Transvaal" municipality="HammanSkraal" name="HammanSkraal" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">HammanSkraal</location>
,
<collectorName box="[502,602,668,695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">E. Simar</collectorName>
, Coll. Noualhier 1898] (
<collectionCode box="[880,981,668,694]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">MNHN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563881735" collectionCode="NHM" country="South Africa" location="Uitenhage" municipality="Uitenhage" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount box="[1001,1036,668,695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
[
<collectingMunicipality pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Uitenhage</collectingMunicipality>
, Dunbroby, Rev. ONeil//prunasis Dall.//N°8//Distant Coll. 1911-383] (
<collectionCode box="[1013,1091,704,730]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563881729" box="[121,985,738,766]" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="E. Simon" country="South Africa" location="Cape Town" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount box="[121,156,739,765]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
[Museum Paris,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E476094F451FFFD9BE8FFB6BB759FCA0:6900EE824512FFD9BE4AFD3CB4E6FD3A" box="[352,485,739,765]" country="South Africa" name="Cape Town" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Cape Town</location>
,
<collectorName box="[496,605,739,765]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">E. Simon</collectorName>
, coll. Noualhier 1898] (
<collectionCode box="[875,976,739,765]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">MNHN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="8.[121,1104,175,871]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
Distribution
<emphasis bold="true" box="[330,339,773,799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">(</emphasis>
<figureCitation box="[339,420,774,800]" captionStart="Figs 22" captionStartId="8.[122,170,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[121,1105,921,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[121,1105,921,1613]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 22: ......................................" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3648256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3648256/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). Widely distributed in the continental area of Afrotropical region (
<collectingCountry box="[208,283,809,835]" name="Sudan" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[293,372,809,835]" name="Ghana" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Ghana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[383,518,809,836]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[528,615,809,835]" name="Nigeria" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[626,719,809,835]" name="Somalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Somalia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[729,808,809,835]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[819,931,810,836]" name="Botswana" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Botswana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[942,1096,809,836]" name="Mozambique" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
) and Afrotemperate region (
<collectingCountry box="[434,591,844,871]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">South Africa</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>