566 lines
55 KiB
XML
566 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.73.10019" ID-PMC="PMC5109904" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-73-125" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF8CFFA7A357FFCB9A32FFE8FFB60860" ID-PubMed="27872560" ID-Zenodo-Dep="164613" ModsDocID="1314-2003-73-125" checkinTime="1478233529568" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Suetsugu, Kenji & Fukunaga, Hirokazu" docDate="2016" docId="DF078F2EA0E2397FCE41EAD7480B6381" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 73: 125-135" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 73" docPubDate="2016-11-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.73.10019" docTitle="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis Suetsugu & Fukunaga 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="FF8CFFA7A357FFCB9A32FFE8FFB60860" lastPageNumber="131" masterDocId="FF8CFFA7A357FFCB9A32FFE8FFB60860" masterDocTitle="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae), a new mycoheterotrophic plant from Yakushima Island, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="135" masterPageNumber="125" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1668141849944" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:title>Lecanorchis tabugawaensis (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae), a new mycoheterotrophic plant from Yakushima Island, Japan</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Suetsugu, Kenji</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1 - 1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657 - 8501, Japan</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kenji.suetsugu@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Fukunaga, Hirokazu</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Tokushima-cho 3 - 35, Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2016-11-03</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>73</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>125</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>135</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.73.10019</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.73.10019</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-73-125</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF8CFFA7A357FFCB9A32FFE8FFB60860</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">164613</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127865256" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF078F2EA0E2397FCE41EAD7480B6381" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF078F2EA0E2397FCE41EAD7480B6381" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="1" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="DF078F2E-A0E2-397F-CE41-EAD7480B6381" authority="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis" status="sp. nov.">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis Suetsugu & Fukunaga</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="126">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Lecanorchis tabugawaensis in Taiwan. A Flowering habit B-C Flower D Fruiting habit E-F Lip and column G Lip H Column. Photos by Hiroaki Yamashita (A-B), Takuto Shitara (C, E-H) and Kenji Suetsugu (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.73.10019.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109393" pageId="1" pageNumber="126">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Lecanorchis tabugawaensis. A Flower B Flowering habit C Fruit D Fruiting habit. Bars: 5 mm (A, C); 3 cm (D). Line drawings by Kumi Hamasaki." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.73.10019.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109394" pageId="1" pageNumber="126">, 2</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Lecanorchis tabugawaensis. A Flower B Anther cap C Column D Lip and column E Dorsal sepal F Lateral petal G Lateral sepal H Flattened lip. Bars: 5 mm (A, C, D, E, F, G, H); 1 mm (B). Line drawings by Kumi Hamasaki." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.73.10019.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109395" pageId="1" pageNumber="126">, 3</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="126" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="126">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from its close relative
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying" authorityYear="1987" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis taiwaniana" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taiwaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="126">Lecanorchis taiwaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a straight column, a narrow and almost entire labellum and the glabrous apical part of the adaxial labellum surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-07-16" collectorName="H. Yamashita" country="JAPAN" county="Kyushu" elevation="170" location="Yakushima Town" municipality="Yakushima Island" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima Pref." typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Japan">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty>Kyushu</collectingCounty>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Kagoshima">Kagoshima Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Yakushima Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF078F2EA0E2397FCE41EAD7480B6381:D4F0FBDB3071E70FF03068AE8FE4B13A" country="JAPAN" county="Kyushu" municipality="Yakushima Island" name="Yakushima Town" stateProvince="Kagoshima Pref.">Yakushima Town</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF078F2EA0E2397FCE41EAD7480B6381:C192EF9AF2AB32ABA985AD091EBCCE42" country="JAPAN" county="Kyushu" municipality="Yakushima Island" name="Koseda" stateProvince="Kagoshima Pref.">Koseda</location>
|
||
, along
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF078F2EA0E2397FCE41EAD7480B6381:2D033789063BB48A4FB4CC426D427634" country="JAPAN" county="Kyushu" municipality="Yakushima Island" name="Tabu River" stateProvince="Kagoshima Pref.">Tabu River</location>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="m" value="170.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="m" value="170.0">170m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2015-07-16">16 July 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<collectorName>H. Yamashita</collectorName>
|
||
s.n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
KYO; isotype OSA)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="127" type="additional specimen examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="127" start="start">Additional</pageBreakToken>
|
||
specimen examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="127">
|
||
JAPAN. Kyushu: Kagoshima Pref., Yakushima Island, Yakushima Town, Koseda, along Tabu River, alt. 170m, 9 October 2015, K. Suetsugu
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="127">s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(OSA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="127">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="2" pageNumber="127">
|
||
Terrestrial, mycoheterotrophic herb. Inflorescence 15-45 cm tall, unbranched or branched at lower half, yellowish white at flowering, brownish black at fruiting, glabrous, ca. 1.0 mm in diam., with membranaceous scale-like sheaths. Ra
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="128" start="start">chis</pageBreakToken>
|
||
6-15 cm, 4-15 flowered, internodes 5-15 mm apart. Floral bracts deltoid, ca. 2.0 mm long, ca. 1.0 mm wide. Pedicellate ovary ascending, 15-20 mm long. Sepals and lateral petals widely spreading, ca. 2.5 cm in diameter. Sepals yellowish white, linear, slightly narrower in lower half, 14-17 mm long, ca. 1.8-2.5 mm wide, apex obtuse, 3-nerved. Petals yellowish white, linear, slightly oblique, 14-17 mm long, ca. 2.0-2.5 mm wide, apex obtuse, 3-nerved. Labellum white tinged with purple toward apex, glabrous, 14-15 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide when flattened, entire. Column 12-13 mm long, straight, fused with labellum for about 2/5-1/2 its length, glabrous; anther whitish, ca. 1.5 mm wide. Capsule 20-30 mm long, bright brown, ascending at 20-45° angle from axis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984983" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.73.10019.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109393" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Taiwan.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">A</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering habit
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">B-C</emphasis>
|
||
Flower
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">D</emphasis>
|
||
Fruiting habit
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">E-F</emphasis>
|
||
Lip and column
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">G</emphasis>
|
||
Lip
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">H</emphasis>
|
||
Column. Photos by Hiroaki Yamashita (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">A-B</emphasis>
|
||
), Takuto Shitara (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">C, E-H</emphasis>
|
||
) and Kenji Suetsugu (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">D</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984985" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.73.10019.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109394" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">A</emphasis>
|
||
Flower
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">B</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering habit
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">C</emphasis>
|
||
Fruit
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">D</emphasis>
|
||
Fruiting habit. Bars: 5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">A, C</emphasis>
|
||
); 3 cm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">D</emphasis>
|
||
). Line drawings by Kumi Hamasaki.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984987" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.73.10019.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109395" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">A</emphasis>
|
||
Flower
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">B</emphasis>
|
||
Anther cap
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">C</emphasis>
|
||
Column
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">D</emphasis>
|
||
Lip and column
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">E</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal sepal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">F</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral petal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">G</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral sepal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">H</emphasis>
|
||
Flattened lip. Bars: 5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">A, C, D, E, F, G, H</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">B</emphasis>
|
||
). Line drawings by Kumi Hamasaki.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="128" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Conservation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">IUCN red list category</emphasis>
|
||
: Critically Endangered, [CR D1]. To date, the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be restricted to two locations, separated by ca. 1.5 kilometers, along the Tabu and Onna Rivers at an elevation of ca. 100-180 m on the lower slopes of Mt. Aiko on the eastern Yakushima Island. The two known locations are located in humid evergreen broadleaved forests dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanopsis sieboldii" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sieboldii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Castanopsis sieboldii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Makino) Hatus. ex T.Yamaz. & Mashiba and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Distylium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Distylium racemosum" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="racemosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Distylium racemosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Siebold & Zucc.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flowers in mid-July to early-August, and each location consists of only dozens of flowering individuals. The population of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains less than 50 mature plants, and at present we are not aware of any other locality where this species persists. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is classified as CR under Criterion D1 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Standards and Petitions Subcommittee" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B14" refString="IUCN, 2014. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11. Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf [accessed 22 September 2016]" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2014">IUCN 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
|
||
Although the lowland humid evergreen forests flanking the rivers in Yakushima Island have previously been identified as hotspots for endemic plant species, only a small proportion of the area is currently under protection (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yahara, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo: Section III: Botany" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" pagination="69 - 119" refId="B43" refString="Yahara, T, Ohba, H, Murata, J, Iwatsuki, K, 1987. Taxonomic review of vascular plants endemic to Yakushima Island, Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo: Section III: Botany 14: 69 - 119" title="Taxonomic review of vascular plants endemic to Yakushima Island, Japan." volume="14" year="1987">Yahara et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is in spite of the fact that 61% (20989 ha) of Yakushima Island is designated as a National Park, and 21% (10747 ha) is a World Natural Heritage site (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yahara, T" journalOrPublisher="Acta phytotaxonomica et geobotanica" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" pagination="97 - 104" refId="B44" refString="Yahara, T, Tsukaya, H, 2008. Oxygyne yamashitae, a new species of Thismiaceae from Yaku Island, Japan. Acta phytotaxonomica et geobotanica 59: 97 - 104" title="Oxygyne yamashitae, a new species of Thismiaceae from Yaku Island, Japan." volume="59" year="2008">Yahara and Tsukaya 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Consequently, one of the two locations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains unprotected in an evergreen forest along the Tabu River adjacent to a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Cryptomeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cryptomeria japonica" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Cryptomeria japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.f.) plantation that has recently been cut. The area also harbors rare mycoheterotrophic plants, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="T. C. Hsu & C. M. Kuo" authorityYear="2010" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia uraiensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="uraiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Gastrodia uraiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
T.C.Hsu & C.M.Kuo,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia takeshimensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="takeshimensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Gastrodia takeshimensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Suetsugu, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="T. C. Hsu & C. M. Kuo" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia albida" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="albida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Gastrodia albida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
T.C.Hsu & C.M.Kuo. Considering these mycoheterotrophs are completely dependent on their unique host fungi (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Plant Species Biology" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" pagination="57 - 64" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1442-1984.2012.00387.x" refId="B37" refString="Suetsugu, K, Kawakita, A, Kato, M, 2014b. Evidence for specificity to Glomus group Ab in two Asian mycoheterotrophic Burmannia species. Plant Species Biology 29: 57 - 64, DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-1984.2012.00387.x" title="Evidence for specificity to Glomus group Ab in two Asian mycoheterotrophic Burmannia species." url="10.1111/j.1442-1984.2012.00387.x" volume="29" year="2014 b">Suetsugu et al. 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is important to conserve the entire ecosystem of their surrounding habitat. Further regulations restricting forest logging and construction are therefore required to conserve the flora, fauna, and the numerous endemic species restricted to low altitude habitats on Yakushima Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="128" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
|
||
The specific epithet is derived from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Tabugawa”">"Tabugawa"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, which is the Japanese name for the Tabu River, the type locality that also harbors other rare mycoheterotrophic plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" type="taxonomic notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis nigricans" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Lecanorchis nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Honda and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying" authorityYear="1987" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis taiwaniana" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taiwaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Lecanorchis taiwaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
S.S. Ying.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying" authorityYear="1987" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis taiwaniana" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taiwaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Lecanorchis taiwaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has often been treated as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis nigricans" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Lecanorchis nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Honda, a species known to be found in Japan, China, and Taiwan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Su, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Flora of Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" pagination="932 - 936" refId="B19" refString="Su, HJ, 2000. Lecanorchis. Flora of Taiwan Volume 5: 932 - 936" title="Lecanorchis." volume="Volume 5" year="2000">Su 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Chen et al. 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Govaerts, R" journalOrPublisher="Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" publicationUrl="http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=109178" refId="B8" refString="Govaerts, R, Bernet, P, Kratochvil, K, Gerlach, G, Carr, G, Alrich, P, Pridgeon, AM, Pfahl, J, Campacci, MA, Holland Baptista, D, Tigges, H, Shaw, J, Cribb, PJ, George, A, Kreuz, K, Wood, JJ, 2016. World Checklist of Orchidaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=109178 [accessed on 31 January 2016]" title="World Checklist of Orchidaceae" url="http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=109178" year="2016">Govaerts et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, this is based on the ambigu
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="129" start="start">ity</pageBreakToken>
|
||
of the original description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ying, SS" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Chinese Forestry" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" pagination="123 - 137" refId="B45" refString="Ying, SS, 1987. Miscellaneous notes on the flora of Taiwan (VI). Quarterly Journal of Chinese Forestry 20: 123 - 137" title="Miscellaneous notes on the flora of Taiwan (VI)." volume="20" year="1987">Ying (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" pagination="157 - 163" publicationUrl="10.11646/phytotaxa.265.2.8" refId="B39" refString="Suetsugu, K, Hsu, TC, Fukunaga, H, Sawa, S, 2016b. Epitypification, emendation and synonymy of Lecanorchis taiwaniana (Vanilleae, Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa 265 (2): 157 - 163, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.265.2.8" title="Epitypification, emendation and synonymy of Lecanorchis taiwaniana (Vanilleae, Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae)." url="10.11646/phytotaxa.265.2.8" volume="265" year="2016 b">Suetsugu et al. (2016b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying" authorityYear="1987" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis taiwaniana" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taiwaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="129">Lecanorchis taiwaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis nigricans" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="129">Lecanorchis nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a combination of several characters (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparison between Lecanorchis tabugawaensis and its related species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B086DA31A8B99FAF53D06EBF493A6713" pageId="4" pageNumber="129" tableUuid="B086DA31A8B99FAF53D06EBF493A6713">1</tableCitation>
|
||
), including the longer peduncles, the longer rachis, the longer internodes, the narrower sepals and petals, the slightly 3-lobed labellum, the bright brown ascending capsules, the column that is more than half-fused with the labellum, the pubescence at the base of the column and the paler rachis coloration, based on the knowledge obtained by the newly discovered specimens. In addition, the differences of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying" authorityYear="1987" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis taiwaniana" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taiwaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="129">Lecanorchis taiwaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(junior synonym:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Y. Sawa, Fukunaga & S. Sawa" authorityYear="2006" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis amethystea" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amethystea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="129">Lecanorchis amethystea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis nigricans" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="129">Lecanorchis nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been clearly stated
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="130" start="start">by</pageBreakToken>
|
||
not only
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" pagination="157 - 163" publicationUrl="10.11646/phytotaxa.265.2.8" refId="B39" refString="Suetsugu, K, Hsu, TC, Fukunaga, H, Sawa, S, 2016b. Epitypification, emendation and synonymy of Lecanorchis taiwaniana (Vanilleae, Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa 265 (2): 157 - 163, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.265.2.8" title="Epitypification, emendation and synonymy of Lecanorchis taiwaniana (Vanilleae, Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae)." url="10.11646/phytotaxa.265.2.8" volume="265" year="2016 b">Suetsugu et al. (2016b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sawa, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" pagination="123 - 128" refId="B17" refString="Sawa, Y, Fukunaga, H, Sawa, S, 2006. Lecanorchis amethystea (Orchidaceae), a new species from Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 57: 123 - 128" title="Lecanorchis amethystea (Orchidaceae), a new species from Kochi Prefecture, Japan." volume="57" year="2006">Sawa et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hsu, TC" journalOrPublisher="Taiwania" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" pagination="363 - 369" refId="B13" refString="Hsu, TC, Chung, SW, 2010. Supplements to the Orchid Flora of Taiwan (V). Taiwania 55: 363 - 369" title="Supplements to the Orchid Flora of Taiwan (V)." volume="55" year="2010">Hsu and Chung (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lin, TP" journalOrPublisher="Taiwania" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" pagination="78 - 126" refId="B15" refString="Lin, TP, Liu, HY, Hsieh, CF, Wang, KH, 2016. Complete list of the native orchids of Taiwan and their type information. Taiwania 61: 78 - 126" title="Complete list of the native orchids of Taiwan and their type information." volume="61" year="2016">Lin et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="B086DA31A8B99FAF53D06EBF493A6713" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B086DA31A8B99FAF53D06EBF493A6713" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological comparison between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its related species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying" authorityYear="1987" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis taiwaniana" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taiwaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Lecanorchis taiwaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis nigricans" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Lecanorchis nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Plant height</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">15-45 cm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">15-45 cm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">9-27 cm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Rachis color in developing stage</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">yellowish white</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">yellowish white</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">purplish white</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Rachis color in fruiting stage</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">brownish black</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">brownish black</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">black</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Rachis length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">6-15 cm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">(2-)6-15 cm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">3-8 cm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Internode length of upper half of rachis</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">5-15 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">5-15 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">1-3 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Flower number</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">4-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">4-20</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">3-12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Sepal and petal color</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">yellowish white tinged with light purple</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">yellowish white tinged with light purple</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">purplish white</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Width of sepal and lateral petal</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">2.0-2.5 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">2.0-2.5(-3.0) mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">3.0-3.8 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Labellum shape</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">almost entire</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">indistinctly 3-lobed</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">almost entire</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Colored area in labellum</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">ca. apical more than 2/3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">ca. apical 1/4-1/5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">ca. apical 1/3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Propotion of the columun fusion with labellum</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">2/5-1/2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">3/5-2/3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">ca. 1/2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Apical part of the adaxial labellum surface</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">glabrous</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">puberulent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">puberulent</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Pubescence at basal part of column</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">none</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">interspersed</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">none</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Capsule color</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">bright brown</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">bright brown</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">black</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">Angle between capsule and inflorescence axis</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">20-45°</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">20-45°</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">70-90°</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<tableNote pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
Data of the related species from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" pagination="157 - 163" publicationUrl="10.11646/phytotaxa.265.2.8" refId="B39" refString="Suetsugu, K, Hsu, TC, Fukunaga, H, Sawa, S, 2016b. Epitypification, emendation and synonymy of Lecanorchis taiwaniana (Vanilleae, Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa 265 (2): 157 - 163, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.265.2.8" title="Epitypification, emendation and synonymy of Lecanorchis taiwaniana (Vanilleae, Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae)." url="10.11646/phytotaxa.265.2.8" volume="265" year="2016 b">Suetsugu et al. (2016b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
|
||
When comparing
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis nigricans" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Lecanorchis nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the taller inflorescences; the longer and lighter colored rachis; the yellowish-white, narrower sepals and petals; and the brighter brown suberect capsules. These characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying" authorityYear="1987" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis taiwaniana" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taiwaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Lecanorchis taiwaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparison between Lecanorchis tabugawaensis and its related species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B086DA31A8B99FAF53D06EBF493A6713" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" tableUuid="B086DA31A8B99FAF53D06EBF493A6713">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="131" start="start">Lecanorchis</pageBreakToken>
|
||
tabugawaensis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying" authorityYear="1987" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis taiwaniana" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taiwaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Lecanorchis taiwaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by column morphology (straight vs. slightly curved), the pubescence at the base of the column (none vs. interspersed), labellum morphology (almost entire vs. 3-lobed), the width of the labellum when flattened (ca.5 mm vs. 6-7 mm), the proportion of the column fused with the labellum (2/5~1/2 vs. 1/2~2/3), the colored area of the labellum (2/3~1 vs. 1/4~1/5), and the apical part of the adaxial labellum surface (glabrous vs. puberulent for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying" authorityYear="1987" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis taiwaniana" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taiwaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Lecanorchis taiwaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively; see also Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparison between Lecanorchis tabugawaensis and its related species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B086DA31A8B99FAF53D06EBF493A6713" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" tableUuid="B086DA31A8B99FAF53D06EBF493A6713">1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="131" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
|
||
Investigation on the column morphology suggested that the rostellum of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not very developed, as it does not function as a physical barrier between the stigma and the pollinia. As such, columns excised from flowers about one day after anthesis exhibit contact between the pollinia and the stigma because the pollinia begins to drop downward onto the stigma from the clinandrium. However, autonomous self-pollination in a bud stage is unlikely to occur because columns from the buds picked about a day before flower opening showed that pollinia are usually compacted within the clinandrium and basally inserted behind the apex of the stigma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
|
||
Autonomous self-pollination in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" rank="family">Orchidaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has previously been reported in various species, including the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Vanilloideae">Vanilloideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
subfamily, under which
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Lecanorchis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" pagination="481 - 486" publicationUrl="10.1007/s00606-012-0736-z" refId="B23" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2013b. Autogamous fruit set in a mycoheterotrophic orchid Cyrtosia septentrionalis. Plant Systematics and Evolution 299: 481 - 486, DOI: 10.1007/s00606-012-0736-z" title="Autogamous fruit set in a mycoheterotrophic orchid Cyrtosia septentrionalis." url="10.1007/s00606-012-0736-z" volume="299" year="2013 b">Suetsugu 2013b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Plant Species Biology" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" pagination="37 - 41" publicationUrl="10.1111/1442-1984.12037" refId="B26" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2015b. Autonomous self-pollination in the nectarless orchid Pogonia minor. Plant Species Biology 30: 37 - 41, DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12037" title="Autonomous self-pollination in the nectarless orchid Pogonia minor." url="10.1111/1442-1984.12037" volume="30" year="2015 b">2015b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Autonomous self-pollination has been proposed as an evolutionary response to ensure reproductive success given a lack of pollinators when the frequency of pollination is regularly quite low (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baker, HG" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" pagination="347 - 348" publicationUrl="10.2307/2405656" refId="B3" refString="Baker, HG, 1955. Self-compatibility and establishment after ''long distance'' dispersal. Evolution 9: 347 - 348, DOI: 10.2307/2405656" title="Self-compatibility and establishment after '' long distance' ' dispersal." url="10.2307/2405656" volume="9" year="1955">Baker 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Mycoheterotrophic plants are often found growing on the dense forest floor, shaded by woodland or scrub. It can be theorized that mycoheterotrophy developed as an adaptation for these species to survive in such low-light conditions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bidartondo, MI" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" pagination="1799 - 1806" publicationUrl="10.1098/rspb.2004.2807" refId="B4" refString="Bidartondo, MI, Burghardt, B, Gebauer, G, Bruns, TD, Read, DJ, 2004. Changing partners in the dark: isotopic and molecular evidence of ectomycorrhizal liaisons between forest orchids and trees. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 271: 1799 - 1806, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.2807" title="Changing partners in the dark: isotopic and molecular evidence of ectomycorrhizal liaisons between forest orchids and trees." url="10.1098/rspb.2004.2807" volume="271" year="2004">Bidartondo et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At the same time, pollinators may not be particularly suited to such low-light environments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Herrera, CM" journalOrPublisher="Ecology" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" pagination="218 - 228" publicationUrl="10.2307/1940644" refId="B10" refString="Herrera, CM, 1995. Floral biology, microclimate, and pollination by ectothermic bees in an early-blooming herb. Ecology 76: 218 - 228, DOI: 10.2307/1940644" title="Floral biology, microclimate, and pollination by ectothermic bees in an early-blooming herb." url="10.2307/1940644" volume="76" year="1995">Herrera 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Herrera, CM" journalOrPublisher="Oikos" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" pagination="601 - 611" publicationUrl="10.2307/3545623" refId="B11" refString="Herrera, CM, 1997. Thermal biology and foraging responses of insect pollinators to the forest floor irradiance mosaic. Oikos 78: 601 - 611, DOI: 10.2307/3545623" title="Thermal biology and foraging responses of insect pollinators to the forest floor irradiance mosaic." url="10.2307/3545623" volume="78" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), thus indirectly creating a problem for plant reproduction if pollinators are unlikely to visit these areas. It appears that most of the mycoheterotrophic species investigated to date (especially nectarless species) have indeed abandoned an insect-mediated pollination system in favor of self-pollination (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Annales Botanici Fennici" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" pagination="375 - 378" publicationUrl="10.5735/085.050.0613" refId="B22" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2013a. Gastrodia takeshimensis (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from Japan. Annales Botanici Fennici 50: 375 - 378, DOI: 10.5735/085.050.0613" title="Gastrodia takeshimensis (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from Japan." url="10.5735/085.050.0613" volume="50" year="2013 a">Suetsugu 2013a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" pagination="481 - 486" publicationUrl="10.1007/s00606-012-0736-z" refId="B23" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2013b. Autogamous fruit set in a mycoheterotrophic orchid Cyrtosia septentrionalis. Plant Systematics and Evolution 299: 481 - 486, DOI: 10.1007/s00606-012-0736-z" title="Autogamous fruit set in a mycoheterotrophic orchid Cyrtosia septentrionalis." url="10.1007/s00606-012-0736-z" volume="299" year="2013 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" pagination="270 - 274" publicationUrl="10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.5" refId="B24" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2014. Gastrodia flexistyloides (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic plant with complete cleistogamy from Japan. Phytotaxa 175: 270 - 274, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.5" title="Gastrodia flexistyloides (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic plant with complete cleistogamy from Japan." url="10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.5" volume="175" year="2014">Suetsugu 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Plant Research" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" pagination="115 - 125" publicationUrl="10.1007/s10265-014-0669-4" refId="B27" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2015c. Autonomous self-pollination and insect visitors in partially and fully mycoheterotrophic species of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae). Journal of Plant Research 128: 115 - 125, DOI: 10.1007/s10265-014-0669-4" title="Autonomous self-pollination and insect visitors in partially and fully mycoheterotrophic species of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae)." url="10.1007/s10265-014-0669-4" volume="128" year="2015 c">Suetsugu 2015c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, autogamy in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suetsugu & Fukunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Lecanorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lecanorchis tabugawaensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabugawaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Lecanorchis tabugawaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be considered a reproductive assurance to compensate for pollinator limitation due to their lack of nectar and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="pollinators’">pollinators'</normalizedToken>
|
||
habitat preferences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |