334 lines
50 KiB
XML
334 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="154959527184B5FBADD97D768F347210" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="892cdbaf-7871-4cfb-a1ca-075d71882e41" checkinTime="1263711157264" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Ward, P. S." docDate="2009" docId="DED5C0EDBF2A60C57EF4974908DB79E0" docLanguage="en" docName="22935.xml" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18" docSource="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/22935/22935.pdf" docTitle="Tetraponera grandidieri" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="294" masterDocId="7C2A329B41C2F7BE72B2F1BED5CC0575" masterDocTitle="The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: the T. grandidieri group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." masterLastPageNumber="304" masterPageNumber="285" pageNumber="288" updateTime="1701311923478" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="BD0560E5DAF0C326B229C3C2DEE1ED90" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="85E82BEB2EC39C9DE4E6DA17235BF60C">
|
||
<mods:title id="6976EF14283545F4F6E73C71F50754A8">The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: the T. grandidieri group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="25745773AF09B18A7CDA7B053187FED3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="213D8498FE74337CBAC083D199D05007">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="304884C83BA4B10639343BC4DE81DD0C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="854746E729CDD3E4FD2EC97AA279C80D">Ward, P. S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="659B1CD2DF9E2290FB064F1A55AA69E4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="B101B84420795F71E5BF53ED2CAB7A66" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="1DC1037D41E2FA5ACC08C99EE3959E9F">
|
||
<mods:title id="1DB8563F53E6B0FB0C646C486D1D6942">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="BCFA4EEF998CB4070A6637C4290066B9">
|
||
<mods:date id="6F0806DA3C77C841B705CFE0BF2BC39F">2009</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="ABB86FEE8D58E3C06E590458473C7994" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="714E696F10DFB901E55D0CDBF646B3A4">18</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="3D7880770F337AA5E27FB46826EC48C4" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="D31860405A32E3F544146EBA3248C016">285</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="2F13AD8F84F93B8667FE3DAF3A2F4FED">304</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="629A67C1D5849696601F5FD1B7B7ADDB">
|
||
<mods:url id="A597F146CF4B1CFA7F61FC675B30532C">http://antbase.org/ants/publications/22935/22935.pdf</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="D8339097543F6EBCB36764BF8CDB0E98">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D6AA91ECFF9195C1CF430D97A8155921" type="HNS-Pub">22935</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="76E231448C111F0D63B016CEDCC8E959" type="ZooBank">6DA472F2-474A-4C92-81C7-7AA53E220E3B</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="DED5C0EDBF2A60C57EF4974908DB79E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6219030" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100116643" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6219030" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DED5C0EDBF2A60C57EF4974908DB79E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DED5C0EDBF2A60C57EF4974908DB79E0" lastPageNumber="294" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<subSubSection id="A4E18BCEEBE4D091F851FFD75C9A108D" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="B8D9EB9567250AF0B1C6414633CB6E5F" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BF6B16467A3CFE7CF7442E86E8747E1" ID-CoL="55RP7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">Tetraponera grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Forel 1891)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4EF3B50627864C4EA7742A05A1436087" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="96AA2D1A0FF8A8236AF1BF5AEB026974" pageNumber="288">(Figs 7-8, 19)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="57EABA312C3C12028B068003FF885DE1" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="CD3D7A6B2BCF22063FC6E4991B1D86A6" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="8BC9FF90AE8968EB1E4E70DBAC062352" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923898938" collectionCode="MCSN, MHNG" collectorName="Hildebrandt" country="Madagascar" location="Madagascar" specimenCode="CASENT 0101652, CASENT 0102029" typeStatus="Syntypes">
|
||
Sima Grandidieri Forel 1891: 203.
|
||
<typeStatus id="6D0120649F4F0EFD0BB8CCAD1872EBDC">Syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, 4 workers, Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0E1E9F75CA079BDDE2344B37653ECD6B">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="2A07604088779B5270FCEF59164D82C0">Hildebrandt</collectorName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="1EAB0B35FBC962277E0918EEAF311D32">MCSN</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="1FA2B8DAF4563DD763CC41458C5FA8FB">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
) [examined] [Two of three
|
||
<collectionCode id="B2C9E229555504F5704421AC6E0B0EC7">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
<typeStatus id="AABC85D6116D4E8614E164DD4668185B">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
imaged on AntWeb:
|
||
<specimenCode id="C747DFB235E235EA00F41CA7F4788A27">CASENT0101652</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="9D9FF255D1E37FC440B35526CC4918DE">CASENT0102029</specimenCode>
|
||
]. One
|
||
<typeStatus id="4464042199E40483547223DBD7AC3534">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="3C5FB0B14FFD1190D92FF3ACF86E7EB9">CASENT0101652</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F0B6FAD3A41B2239B520ECB5522EEE3">here designated lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4F799E11AC184E32B1239BFF05F67CF7" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF8780AD65CFB4D4979F1A52E0B324E9" pageNumber="289">
|
||
<caption id="93C7501C0B134ADA744F927D6746EB16">
|
||
<pageStartToken id="DE92F92AAE2D3DCEF2F1E460E5829E63" pageNumber="289">Figs</pageStartToken>
|
||
1-6. Workers of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B23A495773704148AB4D2C08E36B32A1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">Tetraponera grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, right mandible (1, 2), posterior view of propodeum (3, 4), and lateral view of mesosoma (5, 6). 1,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B21B2AA0DC842616B1416948DD9B6EAB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260977" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="24744" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera merita Ward" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merita">T. merita</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFE59F27B02DCB8D85937FB326AE9525" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260972" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="12774" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera hespera WArd" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hespera">T. hespera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
; 3,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E393DC5A79A3BF0208D70003AB6F8D7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260972" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="12756" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera hespera WArd" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hespera">T. hespera, Ankarana</taxonomicName>
|
||
population; 4,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A179307C4A35050E0F50EBCE0DA7ADBE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260972" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="12729" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera hespera WArd" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hespera">T. hespera, Nosy</taxonomicName>
|
||
Be; 5,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87EBF5CFA0F81DF4DCF9A4CD1DD5C7AA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260975" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="17889" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera inermis Ward" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">T. inermis</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 6,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D21665FBAA4AEACA407EF84C536CD796" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260972" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="12684" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera hespera WArd" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hespera">T. hespera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3467BD17B75A2FD4C85AD827F5F29896" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB1CAB181BFF0496FCF5122240C6FD6C" pageNumber="289">
|
||
Sima Grandidieri var. Hildebrandti Forel 1891: 204. Holotype (by monotypy) worker, Pays de Betsileo, "Sud Central Madagascar" (Hildebrandt) (MHNG) [examined] [Imaged on AntWeb: CASENT0101883].
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="796DAAB7DA23181B32CF569A5FAF0FC2">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DCFF203D31A5D762857B9FAADC61520D" pageNumber="289">
|
||
Sima
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE9901313DCD46EFB44ED9A6C60F9508" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">grandidieri Forel</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Forel 1891: 229-230. Description of queen and male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="091905EC093DA07DD9DBEE061BFF71DF" pageNumber="289">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0FB5A60EC16005D6373691A74421D9F8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Wheeler 1922: 1014. Combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC7860DCF26CD9D28BF1778096AA6D5F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24859" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tetraponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="000B127EF4DB9074B3E5C8B047B688DC" pageNumber="289">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABB75722F56D072F83BD02F037E63CA3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:152377" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri hildebrandti (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="grandidieri" subSpecies="hildebrandti" subSpecies.completionEvidence="missing, matching variety" subSpecies.innerRound="1" subSpecies.outerRound="1">
|
||
Tetraponera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9EB73D0240AEB6501D459E7175109CB6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:152377" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri hildebrandti (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="grandidieri" subSpecies="hildebrandti" subSpecies.completionEvidence="missing, matching variety" subSpecies.innerRound="1" subSpecies.outerRound="1">grandidieri var. hildebrandti (Forel)</taxonomicName>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Wheeler 1922: 1014. Combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4FC7C64FBB014C85347B1C1673E21BDC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24859" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tetraponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3BF9FC04AE2B8593FE645D184B97E247" pageNumber="289">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3CC929255654D28C2AC65077CAA50D8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Ward, 1991: 342. Nesting biology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF88617FD0F37ECF48FFE7350B8C220C" pageNumber="289">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23E32EDB6A3DD4149B2F4085F85DD986" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Fisher 1996: 100; Fisher 1999: 134; Fisher 2002: 318. Cited in faunal inventories.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4FE28FA1516DD1BCD519BE985CB47344" pageNumber="289">
|
||
Tetraponera cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCFFDDFB3D8EC52FFB515566B8598375" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">grandidieri (Forel)</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Fisher 1998: 49. Cited in faunal inventory.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A9E8669983522FC118D2435361237F1" pageNumber="289">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DB32CCB1DAAD788E9DC6AF6F16FEC58" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Ward and Downie 2005. DNA sequences of five nuclear genes; GenBank accession numbers AY703507 (18S rDNA), AY703574 (28S rDNA), AY703641 (wingless), AY703775 (long wavelength rhodopsin), and AY703778 (abdominal-A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4DC16A4F1A925ADD659BD107869641D7" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="18092548B026989C212D1E587519EB88" lastPageNumber="293" pageNumber="289">
|
||
Material Examined.-(BMNH, CASC, MCSN, MCZC, MHNG, MNHN, NHMB, NHMV, PSWC, SAMC, UCDC, USNM) MADAGASCAR Antananarivo: Andrangoloaka (Sikora); Antsiranana: Montagne d'Ambre [?] [as "Amber geb."] (Rolle); 1 km W Andampibe, Cap Masoala, 125 m (Alpert, G. D.); 3 km W Andampibe, Cap Masoala, 125 m (Alpert, G. D.); 3 km W Sakalava Beach, 40 m (Schlinger; et al.); 4 km SW Ambohitra (=Joffreville), 1000 m (Ward, P. S.); 5 km SW Ambohitra (=Joffreville), 1100 m (Ward, P. S.); 7 km N Joffreville, 360 m (Harin'Hala, R.); Betaolana forest, 880 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); Diego Suarez (Alluaud, C);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="120DC3E0C7E3FD1AC380C7F21ECDA082" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ambanitaza, 26.1 km 347° [NNW] Antalaha, 240 m (Fisher, B. L.; et al.);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="944FBAB89FC838976A46F0E76BA6E483" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
Binara, 9.1 km 233° SW Dairana, 650-800 m (Fisher, B. L.; et al.);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D6543863181289A0EC05C0A35B969846" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
Binara, 9.4 km 235° SW Dairana,' 1100 m (Fisher, B. L.; et al.); Fotodriana, Cap Masoala, 25 m (Alpert, G. D.; et al.); Fotodriana, Cap Masoala, 25 m (Alpert, G. D.); Marojejy
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54EFEECC2B7D9F95E8DC2F9C0F718274" rank="subSpecies">R.N.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
I., #12, 375 m (Alpert, G. D.); Marojejy
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9BCB3B7C3B0B664CE313AB7211D24241" rank="subSpecies">R.N.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
I., #12, 665 m (DiRosa, R.); Montagne d'Ambre, 900 m (Alpert, G.; et al.); Montagne d'Ambre, Petit Lac, 1000 m (Alpert, G.; et al.); Montagne
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CB3E2FC3164A4BE5D86D3369E90D5CAD" originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 150 m (Harin'Hala, R.); P.N. Marojejy,
|
||
<pageStartToken id="735A39CBE927D1B11540CE483B185560" pageNumber="290">26.6</pageStartToken>
|
||
km 31° NE Andapa, 1325 m (Fisher, B. L.; et al.); P.N. Marojejy, 27.6 km 35° NE Andapa, 775 m (Fisher, B. L.; et al.); P.N. Marojejy, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 450 m (Fisher, B. L.; et al); P.N. Montagne Ambre, 1125 m (Harin'Hala, R.); P.N. Montagne Ambre, 3.6 km 235° SW Joffreville, 925 m (Fisher, B. L.; et al.); P.N. Montagne Ambre, 960 m (Harin'Hala, R.); P.N. Montagne Ambre, 960 m (Irwin, M. E.; et al.); P.N. Montagne Ambre, 960 m (Schlinger; et al.); P.N. Montagne Ambre, 975 m (Irwin, M. E.; et al.); Pare Nat. Mont. d'Ambre [as "Amber Mt. Nat. Pk."], 3000 ft. (Alpert, G. D.); Pare Nat. Mont. d'Ambre [as "Amber Mt. Nat. Pk."], 3200
|
||
<pageStartToken id="9D4B6F88783B794C3A507AA20C800432" pageNumber="291">ft</pageStartToken>
|
||
. (Alpert, G. D.); Pare Nat. Mont. d'Ambre [as "Amber Mt. Nat. Pk."], 3600 ft. (Alpert, G. D.); Pare Nat. Mont. d'Ambre, 1000-1100 m'(Brown, W. L.; Brown, D. E.); Pare Nat. Montagne d'Ambre, 1100 m (Oison, D. M.); R.S. Manongarivo, 10.8 km 229° SW Antanambao, 400 m (Fisher, В. L.); R.S. Manongarivo, 12.8 km 228° SW Antanambao, 780 m (Fisher, В. L.); R.S. Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220° SW Antanambao, 1175 m (Fisher, В. L.);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1BEFBC9054A35ED4AE68FA7CE364985A" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7CB773D8F0591145F4C61B5CD76CFA34" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ambre, 3.5 km 235° SW Sakaramy, 325 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); Sakalava Beach, 10 m (Harin'Hala, R.); Fianarantsoa: 3 km W Ranomafana, nr. Ifanadiana, 950 m (Ward, P. S.); 40 km S Ambalavao,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="31D0064EBC1179F7A13A5BB8D7CB7CB9" originalValue="Rés">
|
||
<pageStartToken id="CE84DF63B79AE444E3120ECEB0450F94" pageNumber="292">Res</pageStartToken>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Andringitra, 1275 m (Fisher, B. L.); 45 km S Ambalavao, 720 m (Fisher, B. L.); 7 km W Ranomafana Nati. Park, 1000 m (Steiner, K.); 7 km W Ranomafana Nati. Park, 1000 m (Steiner, W. E.; Zack, S.); 7 km W Ranomafana, 1000 m (Stebbins, M.; et al); 7 km W Ranomafana, 900 m (Steiner, W. E.); 8 km E Kianjavato, 145 m (Alpert, G.); 9 km ESE Ranomafana, nr. Ifanadiana, 600 m (Ward, P. S.); FC Vatovavy, 175 m (Fisher, B. L.; et al.); Ivohibe, 1500 m (Decary, R.); Maharira Forest, Ranomafana Nati Pk, 1350 m (Rajeriarison, E.); Maharira Forest, Ranomafana Nati Pk, 1375 m (Rajeriarison, E.); Miaranony, Ranomafana Nati Pk, 1050 m (Rajeriarison, E.); Miaranony, Ranomafana Nati Pk, 700 m (Rajeriarison, E.); Pays de Betsileo, "Sud Central Madagascar" (Hildebrandt); P.N. Ranomafana, 0.4 km WSW park entrance, 900 m (Kavanaugh, D. H.; Kavanaugh, K. M.); P.N. Ranomafana, 1020 m (Harin'Hala, R.); P.N. Ranomafana, 1130 m (Harin'Hala, R.); P.N. Ranomafana, Vatoharanana, 4.1 km 231° SW Ranomafana, 1100 m (Fisher, B. L.; et al.); P.N. Ranomafana, Vohiparara, 1110 m (Harin'Hala, R.); PN Befotaka-Midongy, 940 m (Fisher, B. L.; et al.); R.S. Ivohibe, 8.0 km E Ivohibe, 1200 m (Fisher, B. L.); Ranomafana (Pauly, A.); Ranomafana N. P., 1000 m (Alpert, G.; et al.); Ranomafana N.P., Talatakely Forest, Piste S 100, 900 m (Rajeriarison, E.); Ranomafana N.P., Vohiparara Forest, 1200 m (Rajeriarison, E.); Ranomafana National Park, Talatakely, 915- 1000 m (Lee, V. F.; Ribrado, K. J.); Ranomafana Nati Pk. (Rajeriarison, E.); Ranomafana Nati Pk., 950-1100 m (Bartolozzi, L.; et al.); Ranomafana Nati. Pk., Saharoemba ZP, 800 m (Rabeson, P.); Ranomafana NP, Talatakely (Griswold, C. E.; Ubick, D.); Ranomafana, Ambatolahy forest (Rajeriarison, E.); Ranomafana, Ambatovory forest, 1035 m (Rajeriarison, E.); Ranomafana, Miaranony Village (Kingman, A.); Ranomafana, Vohiparara forest, 1160 m (Rajeriarison, E.);
|
||
<pageStartToken id="6EEDA86B1DC67651DFCB5FD9962F62DA" pageNumber="293">Vevembe</pageStartToken>
|
||
, 600 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); Toamasina: 10 km S Cap Este, 5 km W, 20 m (Alpert, G. D.); 14 km W Cap Est, Ambato, 100 m (Alpert, G. D.); 17 km W Andapa,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A3E473ED14D1ABF85681D5B44684AD6A" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
|
||
. d'Anjanaharibe-Sud, 875 m (Alpert, G. D.); 19 km ESE Maroantsetra, 250 m (Ward, P. S.); 19 km ESE Maroantsetra, 300 m (Ward, P. S.); 19 km ESE Maroantsetra, 350 m (Ward, P. S.); 1 km SSW Andasibe (=
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7C3491D18C52A4D8452937D5FDED06ED" originalValue="Périnet">Perinet</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 920 m (Ward, P. S.); 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, 25 m (Fisher, В. L.); 6.5 km SSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 875 m (Fisher, В. L.); 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, 1080 m (Fisher, В. L.); 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, 650 m (Fisher, В. L.); 8 km ESE Andasibe (=
|
||
<normalizedToken id="84120D72B1A6568D8886F5B3D3D88680" originalValue="Périnet">Perinet</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 800 m (Ward, P. S.); Ambodiriana, 125 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); Ampasimbe, 450 m (Betsch, J.-M.); Andasibe (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D3DD1694A3EEF400AFED7196419096F9" originalValue="Périnet">Perinet</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (Brooks, R. W.); Andasibe PN, 1025 m (Harin'Hala, R.); Anosibe An'ala [as "
|
||
<normalizedToken id="871DD64350831AED7DC4CFB8DE5631D9" originalValue="Nosibé">Nosibe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Village de l'Imerina "] (Sikora); Antongil (Mocquerys); Asanoreyo, 3 km W Anosibe An'ala (Raharimina, C); Baie d'Antongil (eu.); Betampona, 520 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); Kalalao, 100 m (Fisher, B. L.; et al.); Manakambahiny (Pauly, A.); Mont. Akirindro, 7.6 km 341° NNW Ambinanitelo, 600 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al); Mont. Anjanaharibe, 18.0 km 21° NNE Ambinanitelo, 470 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); Mont. Anjanaharibe, 19.5 km 27° NNE Ambinanitelo, 1100 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); Nosey Mangabe (Alpert, G. D.); Nosy Mangabe, <5 m (Ward, P. S.); Nosy Mangabe, 150 m (Ward, P. S.); Nosy Mangabe, 20 m (Ward, P. S.); Nosy Mangabe, 300 m (Ward, P. S.); Nosy Mangabe, 3 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); P.N. Mantadia, 895 m (Ratsirarson, H. J.); Permet (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="34C47090A0F2987BCDCC2AE39985F1DC" originalValue="Noyés">Noyes</normalizedToken>
|
||
, J. S.; Day, M. C); Permet (Ross, E. S.); PN Mananara-Nord, 225 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); PN Zahamena, 860 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); PN Zahamena, Besaky River, 760 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); PN Zahamena, Oribe River, 780 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); PN Zahamena, Sahavorondrano River, 765 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); Saint Marie,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="41BE34316384D605DA264F5BFBAF2E31" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Kalalao (Madl); St. Marie (eu.); Tampolo, 218 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); Toliara: 10 km NW Enakara,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="26B5390D97403EFE18295D3F37CC8F51" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Andohahela, 420 m (Fisher, В. L.); 10 km NW Enakara,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="022AEEA50472310225EEF341155ECE80" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Andohahela, 430 m (Fisher, В. L.); 10 km SSW Eminiminy, 750 m (Rajeriarison, E.); 11 km NW Enakara,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0FC15B624ABD470181AAC2CAFCA890EE" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Andohahela, 800 m (Fisher, В. L.); 5 km NNW Isaka-Ivondro,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DDE10DC9CDAB109803C7AE7EADDD8F7B" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Andohahela, 280 m (Ward, P. S.); 5 km WNW Mandiso,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5A8C009328C0868454C4D4256C567C26" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Andohahela, 400 m (Ward, P. S.); Col de Manangotry, c.30 km N Fort Dauphin, -1000 m (Whitacre, D.);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1083F2A71419CD42D7D722F8A6D45617" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ivohibe, 650 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al); Fort Dauphin (Alluaud, C); Manatantely, 100 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); P.N. Andohahela, 3.8 km 113° ESE Mahamavo, 900 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al.); P.N. Andohahela, Manampanihy,5.4 km 113° ESE Mahamavo, 650 m (Fisher, В. L.; et al); PN Andohahela, 275 m (Fisher, B. L.; et al.);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2DA7F3F8E28416CDC3535F5265B91D50" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Andohahela, Marosohy, 600 m (Fisher, В. L.); Vallee d'Ambolo, Col de Sakalavana (Alluaud, C); province unknown: "Central Madagascar" (Hildebrandt); "Centre de Madag" (Hildebrandt); "Madag." (Sikora); "Madagascar Centralis" (Hildebrandt); "Madagascar" (cu.); "Madagascar" (de Gaulle, J.); "Madagascar" (Grandidier); "Madagascar" (Sikora); "Madagascar/(S.-E.)" (Decary, R.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="33D900DC2899AA2BA729379A1A0F13A1">
|
||
<paragraph id="2BA3284B0225B4825FD3B4C7084F1708" pageNumber="290">
|
||
Figs 7-12. Automontage images of workers of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97946DE813A55327BC0FF69B48EC6748" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">Tetraponera grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, full-face (dorsal) view of head (7, 9, 11) and lateral view of body (8, 10, 12). 7, 8,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F577C91F075AEABCF3A07E69C5A38636" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="105" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">T. grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CASENT0012861); 9, 10,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E53E79F572D1088C698FEF1697107596" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260972" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="10608" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera hespera WArd" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hespera">T. hespera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype (CASENT0012865); 11, 12,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42B494D9645A622A582C0533A9808210" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260972" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="10566" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera hespera WArd" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hespera">T. hespera, Ankarana</taxonomicName>
|
||
population (CASENT0012864).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2EF19AFD1CD86A6E93EE485AC621811A">
|
||
<paragraph id="70F4F653B63662DAAD1DB739A316ECF7" pageNumber="291">
|
||
Figs 13-18. Automontage images of workers of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D63C356C7FA4C44DEF57F1BB6A86403B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">Tetraponera grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, full-face (dorsal) view of head (13, 15, 17) and lateral view of body (14, 16, 18). 13, 14,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D1342F64534A795FA488308D7239A28" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260974" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="6070" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera hirsuta Ward" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">T. hirsuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype (CASENTOl70370); 15, 16,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4AD205A7C24D17189C29B738440DE7C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260975" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="14754" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera inermis Ward" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">T. inermis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype (CASENT0012862); 17, 18,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CD3DF51095C8A7FA8685C170FF9D9FC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260977" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="21477" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera merita Ward" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merita">T. merita</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype (CASENT0012863).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D90F6157AE405CA0EBE2ABF0199C4545">
|
||
<paragraph id="45B6DE0244E6286A84DEB4B76DB5D0A2" pageNumber="292">
|
||
Figs 19-22. Automontage images of workers of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4379B33BA137E130C73543BE59133FE6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">Tetraponera grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, full-face (dorsal) view of head (19, 21) and lateral view of body (20, 22). 19, 20,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="571E85B6344554C75A3DDB71D13D03A3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260976" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="18321" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera manangotra Ward" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manangotra">T. manangotra</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype (CASENT0121948); 21, 22,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0979BF1A97256D735713001FC7B654F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:261542" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="25746" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera variegata" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">T. variegata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CASENT0409559).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C71FFA1D1AB834DC19885BC847F933A9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="91031D404AEFB9CB4369769FE233623A" pageNumber="293">Worker measurements (n = 13). HW</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2551FBE1C43AF0A1D9E7B75D838AE7DC" pageNumber="293">1.01-1.44, HL 1.20-1.65, LHT 1.07-1.56, CI 0.77-0.88, FCI 0.15-0.17, REL 0.28-0.36, REL2 0.34-0.43, SI 0.74-0.81, FI 0.29-0.36, PLI 0.50-0.59, PWI 0.40-0.53.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63D8D09EACF9EB17763637BFB9D581D9" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="6C5DEFA1FC3BDD79002CBBAE7FF9CCBA" pageNumber="293">
|
||
Worker diagnosis. With characteristics of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE2527FAF6BD20A357451CEF2A8363B5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="795" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">T. grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (see above); basal margin of mandible edentate; anterior clypeal margin broadly convex and crenulate, directed forward, not anteroventrally; head relatively elongate (CI 0.77-0.88); metanotal spiracle more or less visible in lateral view of mesosoma, protruding dorsally in the mesopropodeal impression; dorsal face of propodeum broadly convex in lateral and posterior views; standing pilosity generally sparse; long paired setae (0.2-0.4 mm in length) distributed as follows: 1 pair between the frontal carinae, 1 pair on upper half of head, 1 pair on the pronotum, 0-2 pairs on the petiole; 1-2 pairs on the postpetiole; standing pilosity scattered on successive abdominal segments(gastric segments 1-4); short appressed to subdecumbent hairs absent or inconspicuous on most of body; integument mostly sublucid, with fine coriarious /puncticulate sculpture; body orange-brown, appendages lighter; head usually dark brown to brownish-black, but concolorous with rest of body in some northern populations (see discussion below); legs uniformly light orange-brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="18AE71E21D64EB2381663C32F24DF7BA" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="46C4EADAF63FD2795869988AA61A8F2F" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<pageStartToken id="BCC160B7590E6584EF6EEE404C435F49" pageNumber="294">Comments</pageStartToken>
|
||
. This species is typically bicolored with a black or dark brown head and the remainder of the body a contrasting orange-brown. This allows it to be distinguished from the other two species, Г.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9329EC852849710728EB7E17BD61F007" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260975" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="2" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera inermis Ward" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">inermis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Г.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26765E609FB1BF613683DDEA80FB7BD5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260977" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="2" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera merita Ward" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merita">merita</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with which it is widely sympatric -both of these usually have the head more or less concolorous with the mesosoma. Some northern populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5357B1FA15F645DFB9F73AE753DBBD6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="511" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">T. grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
have workers that are unicolorous orange-brown, however, and these superficially resemble the other two species. They can be recognized because they lack a tooth on the basal margin of the mandible (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="95634CEDAA59E6298BD2FBE20AAD91C9" originalValue="présent">present</normalizedToken>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA0A07CA57AED4753DF4BC551CE54098" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260977" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="14262" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera merita Ward" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merita">T. merita</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the metanotal spiracle protrudes from the mesosoma dorsum in profile (not protruding in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="822842E0A5139EB00D10445EB158248E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260975" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="7440" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera inermis Ward" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">T. inermis</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The degree of prominence of the metanotal spiracle varies, however, so it is also useful to examine head shape, which is more elongate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29D887CF4E04BA6F4007DB6925101C29" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="420" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">T. grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
(worker CI 0.77- 0.88 versus 0.88-0.97 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76BD78CEFA676AF49106FEF792771294" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260975" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="7302" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera inermis Ward" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">T. inermis</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see also additional discussion under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98B40EB91FBBBAD94DB390F878275CC8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260975" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="7275" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera inermis Ward" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">T. inermis</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77C7B000BFC178E02926978DE9B3DA4B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="392" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">T. grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
also overlaps in distribution with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B867217A6DB048EBB8A5AF2BD37D0A99" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260972" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="2049" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera hespera WArd" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hespera">T. hespera</taxonomicName>
|
||
in northern Madagascar. Where these two species co-occur
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7EE8921A42E91A0DD41F90271A91882C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="372" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">T. grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a bicolored body, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B42428DAC3392CD537048A1A17A9A29" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:260972" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="1986" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera hespera WArd" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hespera">T. hespera</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a unicolored body and contrasting dark bands on the femora.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="861389B738744482E1690BD67B28CDB7" pageNumber="294">
|
||
At Betampona (17°53'S 49°12'E) Brian Fisher collected three nest
|
||
<normalizedToken id="97EE3717D1F9B6D8DD99B7D6D4CFC7EE" originalValue="séries">series</normalizedToken>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3DE940F0B349C7A85DC72995FD2C177" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="327" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">T. grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
: one (BLF13292) with unicolored workers, a second (BLF13298) with bicolored workers, and a third (BLF13349) with both unicolored and bicolored workers, in approximately equal proportions. The Betampona workers with light and dark heads show no obvious
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3E3F850C680EC1D9E0AEFF8344AB5CC8" originalValue="différences">differences</normalizedToken>
|
||
other than color. The occurrence of both forms in the same nest is consistent with the view that they are conspecific. In addition, genetic data (>10 kb of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B8CF8B98CCAC87232141AE3CE7DEC804" originalValue="sé-">se-</normalizedToken>
|
||
quence data from several nuclear genes and one mitochondrial gene) from populations sampled throughout the range of the species show the two color forms to be phylogenetically comingled (Ward unpubl.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD08AA4B7AC8F6507E5703FF09EA5B86" pageNumber="294">
|
||
Both color forms are here treated as conspecific but further studies are needed to clarify their status. It is possible that these color morphs show some degree of reproductive isolation and/or ecotypic differentiation. As indicated below, they appear to be involved in a mimicry complex with some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2DB86BA54681C661B4E3803B0B422604" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2414" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Camponotus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Camponotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08E88CC6EBB8DCB5AF681DA35D471765" pageNumber="294">
|
||
Finally it should be noted that there are nine specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42FD0D0FACED1D8F0B2170A3694BBB2C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="137" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">T. grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Forel collection in MHNG (Geneva) labeled as "Typus" or "Cotypus" but most are not true types, because the label data exclude this possibility. These non-types include three males (from Andrangoloaka), one dealate queen (from Andrangoloaka) and one worker (from "
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1421A3A2A49D9CB873F0842D768FB394" originalValue="Nosibé">Nosibe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Village de lTmerina"), ali with a red "Typus" label, and an alate queen (Madagascar/Sikora) labeled "Cotypus". Only three workers in MHNG are apparently part of the actual type
|
||
<normalizedToken id="70F0DBCE722D7F451003D5F858526646" originalValue="séries">series</normalizedToken>
|
||
of Г.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="276859562B521F85744F131BECD48BB7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
(there is also a syntype worker in MCSN). To avoid confusion I have designated one of the MHNG syntype workers as lectotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="591E05A3BAFC4412DAC57611B66D922D" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2BB626D316C87B049349E718179C0564" lastPageNumber="295" pageNumber="294">
|
||
Distribution and biology.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8A1A1B4F3FAEA48E8724000FB216BD6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">Tetraponera grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread in eastern Madagascar, with a distribution that spans the length of the island (Fig. 23). Populations are restricted to rainforest, at
|
||
<normalizedToken id="051CE7A0E4F1261CF1105454F1164AAC" originalValue="élévations">elevations</normalizedToken>
|
||
ranging from sea level to 1375 m. As a result of habitat destruction in the lowlands most populations are found at intermediate or higher
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4B7551350826DEB4076F9EEF0A13414D" originalValue="élévations">elevations</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Colonies usually occupy dead twigs or branches on the ground, less commonly in the lower canopy. During field work in Madagascar I collected thirteen nest
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9E94E6FFB1B275F6DF61B5EDF94B6D96" originalValue="séries">series</normalizedToken>
|
||
of this species, of which nine were in dead wood and four were located in cavities of live plants: three in stems of tree saplings (Ixora sp., Leea sp. and an unidentified plant), and one in a cavity in a live root of a tree in the genus Rhus. There were no scale insects (Coccoidea) in any of these live cavity nests, however, and there is no indication that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0C6D8FFB84DCE697410E60646BA89B6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="507" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">T. grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely associated with any particular plant species. It seems clear that it and other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46D126124EDCE43D468E964B9A4D74A7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="573" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">T. grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageStartToken id="E0453440937C017CA62A554969141655" pageNumber="295">group</pageStartToken>
|
||
occupy moister nest sites than most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE165AF43D159E60FB91B0888D70D061" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24859" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tetraponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E079A00F10703EC74FA4377D9354EC8B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="657" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">T. grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
apparently contain no more than one dealate queen, and colony sizes are small (5-40 workers). Alate queens and males have been collected from February to May. Workers commonly forage on low
|
||
<normalizedToken id="550428E505D1DDD687234ACEC175B9C3" originalValue="végéta-">vegeta-</normalizedToken>
|
||
tion, and they appear to be mimicked by members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE112019480FB8AF0C0A990A289648D9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:27088" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Camponotus putatus Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="putatus">Camponotus putatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex whose workers forage in similar microhabitats.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC6B11667640895FDDC769BA41C0F9D1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="849" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera grandidieri (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">T. grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
is generally absent from disturbed rainforest edge and other high light environments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |