228 lines
21 KiB
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228 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1602" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02595a40-6c7d-4a04-b25b-b2ab87aabd17" ID-PMC="PMC3174442" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-4-5" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8556FFB7B7479C4F5D21C54DFFF92953" ID-PubMed="22171179" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576078" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1314-2003-4-5" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" ModsDocTitle="New pteridophyte species and combinations from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia" checkinTime="1555332289038" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lorence, David H., Wagner, Warren L., Wood, Kenneth R. & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2011" docId="D985843407EF03150E519210D85B2D04" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 4: 5-51" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1602" docTitle="Cyclosorus ((Sphaerostephanos)) castaneus A. R. Sm. & Lorence 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="8556FFB7B7479C4F5D21C54DFFF92953" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="8556FFB7B7479C4F5D21C54DFFF92953" masterDocTitle="New pteridophyte species and combinations from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1668141299027" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New pteridophyte species and combinations from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lorence, David H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wagner, Warren L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wood, Kenneth R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>5</mods:start>
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<mods:end>51</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1602</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1602</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-4-5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8556FFB7B7479C4F5D21C54DFFF92953</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576078</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201692" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D985843407EF03150E519210D85B2D04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D985843407EF03150E519210D85B2D04" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
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9.
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<taxonomicName LSID="76E3477F-9753-5544-A9EF-9EE2BA9CBE52" authority="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" authorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyclosorus castaneus" order="Polypodiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="castaneus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="(Sphaerostephanos)">Cyclosorus (Sphaerostephanos) castaneus A. R. Sm. & Lorence</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="18" pageNumber="23">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Cyclosorus castaneus A. R. Sm. & Lorence. A frond B upper surface of pinna C lower surface of fertile pinnules showing sori, hairs, and glands D detail of lower surface of fertile pinnule with sorus, hairs, and glands. Drawn from the type collection (Lorence et al. 6115)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9907" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="23" type="latin">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Latin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">A Cyclosoro heterocarpo (Blume) Ching numerosis, nitidis, castaneis, falcatis pilis 0.3-1.5 mm longis super rachides, costis et costulis abaxialibus, parva indusia 0.4-0.6 mm diametro, magis marcatis aerophoribus, fortasseque longioribus, magisque bene-formatis caudicibus differt.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="23" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Marquesas Islands:</emphasis>
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Nuku Hiva: Toovii region, trail along ridge from near
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Economie">l'Economie</normalizedToken>
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Rurale complex to Ooumu peak, 860-1080 m, 17 July 1988, D. Lorence (with W.L. Wagner, J. Florence and S. Perlman) 6115 (holotype PTBG!; isotypes BISH!, PAP!, US!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Terrestrial ferns</emphasis>
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;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">rhizomes</emphasis>
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erect, caudices 15-60 cm long;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">fronds</emphasis>
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clustered, 7-10 per rhizome; base of stipes to first large pinnae 40-50 cm, distal part of stipes bearing 7-10 pairs of reduced pinnae 3-5 cm apart, 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–7(–">-7(-</normalizedToken>
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35) mm long, the largest ones sometimes trifid;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">rachises</emphasis>
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reddish brown, bearing numerous reddish, often curved hairs; proximal large pinnae narrowed at their bases;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">blades</emphasis>
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, excluding reduced proximal pinnae, 50-70 cm long; largest pinnae 11-16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-2 cm, at their bases each with a swollen, tuberculiform aerophore (most developed and scalelike, to 4 mm long in young fronds), pinnae bases not auricled, apices caudate-acuminate, lobed 2/3-3/4 toward the costae (2-3 mm from costae), lobes slightly falcate, rounded at tips; costules ca. 3-5 mm apart; veins to ca. 8-9 pairs per segment, the basal pair from adjacent segments anastomosing and producing an excurrent vein 1-1.5 mm long to the sinus, the next acroscopic vein to sinus-membrane; abaxial surface of costae with very short, hyaline, spreading to distally curved hairs 0.1 mm long and much longer and stouter falcate hairs to 0.3-1.5 mm on costae, scales lacking or costae with a few adpressed, tan, amorphous scales to 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.1 mm; yellowish sessile glands borne on abaxial laminar surfaces, often dense, absent or very sparse on adaxial laminar surfaces; stout reddish, falcate hairs adaxially on costae and costules to 1 mm long, with short, falcate hairs ca. 0.2-0.3 mm long sometimes on veins and between veins, especially below sinuses.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Sori</emphasis>
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medial; indusia reddish brown to tan, ca. 0.4-0.6 mm in diameter, glabrous or with a few short hairs 0.1-0.2 mm long; sporangia with sessile, yellow glands on the capsules.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9907" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Figure 11.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="castaneus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Cyclosorus castaneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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A. R. Sm. & Lorence.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
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frond
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
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upper surface of pinna
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
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lower surface of fertile pinnules showing sori, hairs, and glands
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
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detail of lower surface of fertile pinnule with sorus, hairs, and glands. Drawn from the type collection (Lorence et al. 6115).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Known only from Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="23" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="23">This new species occurs in montane rain forest with fern understory. All three specimens seen were collected on Nuku Hiva on or near Ooumu Peak in the Toovii area and probably represent a single population.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
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Proposed IUCN Red List Category
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Endangered</emphasis>
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(EN): B2a, B2b
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<normalizedToken originalValue="i–iii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
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): B2: total area of occupancy less than 500 km2 (ca. 50 km2). B2a, a single population known; b (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="i–iii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
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), habitat continuing decline inferred. The suitable habitat for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="castaneus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Cyclosorus castaneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on Nuku Huka (ca. 340 km2) is indicated as an endangered environment, threatened by human activity (deforestation), feral animals, and invasive plants, reducing the extent of the forest
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="24" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Named for the castaneous, curved hairs that are borne on the costae abaxially.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Marquesas Islands: Nuku Hiva</emphasis>
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: Toovii Plateau, trail behind
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<normalizedToken originalValue="L’Economie">L'Economie</normalizedToken>
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Rurale toward Ooumu peak; 3100 ft (945 m), S. Perlman 10125 (BISH, PTBG); Toovii, Ooumu area, top of Tapueahu Valley off new Hwy, 0851 S 14019 W, 3500-3700 ft (1067-1128 m), K. Wood 4578 (BISH, PAP, PTBG, US).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="24">
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The three known specimens were previously determined as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Holtt" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Bl." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterocarpus" subGenus="Cyclosorus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Sphaerostephanos (Cyclosorus) heterocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Blume) Holttum, a related species known from Southeast Asia, Malesia, Australia (Queensland), Melanesia (Fiji, Vanuatu), and Samoa. From that species
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="castaneus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Cyclosorus castaneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs in the numerous shiny, castaneous, falcate hairs 0.3-1.5 mm long, on the rachises, costae, and costules abaxially. These hairs vary in length, but are frequently longer than 0.5 mm on the costae.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ching" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Bl." class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="heterocarpus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Cyclosorus heterocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shows considerable variation in indument (both length and disposition of hairs); however, the hairs in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ching" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Bl." class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="heterocarpus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Cyclosorus heterocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are always hyaline, not so decidedly curved, and are generally much shorter than those in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="castaneus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Cyclosorus castaneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Holttum, RE" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana, Series II-Pteridophyta, Ferns and fern allies" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" pagination="331 - 599" refId="B23" refString="Holttum, RE, 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Series II-Pteridophyta, Ferns and fern allies 1: 331 - 599" title="Thelypteridaceae" volume="1" volumeTitle="Flora Malesiana, Series II-Pteridophyta, Ferns and fern allies" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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recognized many unnamed forms of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ching" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Bl." class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="heterocarpus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Cyclosorus heterocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and produced a key to them based primarily on the depth of pinna lobing, presence/absence of sessile glands on the laminae adaxially, width of fertile pinnae, and presence/absence of hairs on the laminae adaxially.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ching" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Bl." class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="heterocarpus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Cyclosorus heterocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also has larger indusia than
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="castaneus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Cyclosorus castaneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, often 1 mm in diameter or more, and the indusia envelop the sporangia when young. Some variants of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ching" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Bl." class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="heterocarpus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Cyclosorus heterocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have sessile glands adaxially (rare in
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<taxonomicName class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="castaneous">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Cyclosorus castaneous</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and less deeply incised pinnae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Holttum, RE" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana, Series II-Pteridophyta, Ferns and fern allies" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" pagination="331 - 599" refId="B23" refString="Holttum, RE, 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Series II-Pteridophyta, Ferns and fern allies 1: 331 - 599" title="Thelypteridaceae" volume="1" volumeTitle="Flora Malesiana, Series II-Pteridophyta, Ferns and fern allies" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation>
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). Aerophores in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ching" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Bl." class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="heterocarpus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Cyclosorus heterocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appear to be much less developed, only a lunate, slightly raised area, or mammiform hump. In
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="castaneus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Cyclosorus castaneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the aerophores are tuberculiform, peglike, or even scalelike, to 4 mm long. A single specimen from Ua Pou (Anakooma river valley just ESE of Oave peak, 470 m, Lorence 9117, PTBG) resembles
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="castaneus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Cyclosorus castaneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having reddish hairs on the costae abaxially, but the hairs are less deeply colored and spreading, not falcate. Most sporangia seem empty, and what spores are formed are irregular, so it is possible this is a hybrid involving
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="castaneus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Cyclosorus castaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Filicopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="florencei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Cyclosorus florencei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, neither parental species has been found on Ua Pou. Further study is clearly needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |