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<document id="6FE20196722365EE861800857092ED49" ID-CLB-Dataset="6604" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4502148" ID-GBIF-Dataset="92e416e4-89cc-47a9-93a5-9a2fad717484" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4502148" ID-ZooBank="456FCAD8-FD7C-498C-B854-1A8C03A539F0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612458984841" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Grootaert, Patrick &amp; Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi" docDate="2014" docId="D97187BB0A3EFFB2FF70FAF8FA1DE47C" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.62.146-160.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F2D34FF25DBF9998BB8DF6F24A5B097A.5:RafflesBZool.2014-2018.journal_article" docStyleId="F2D34FF25DBF9998BB8DF6F24A5B097A" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2014-2018.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Ngirhaphium Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert 2002" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="2548FFC30A3FFFB3FFDCFFE5FFDDE11D" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="146" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1698926745695" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3C5D09666BB39B62B0D43DA97CF835EF">Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="477D4A4D830C240ED0A4775FD6404DE6">Grootaert, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="D97187BB0A3EFFB2FF70FAF8FA1DE47C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502078" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182241054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4502078" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D97187BB0A3EFFB2FF70FAF8FA1DE47C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D97187BB0A3EFFB2FF70FAF8FA1DE47C" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
<subSubSection id="19C265260A3EFFB2FF70FAF8FD3FE429" box="[172,738,1308,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="516736AD0A3EFFB2FF70FAF8FD3FE429" blockId="1.[172,738,1308,1332]" box="[172,738,1308,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
<heading id="0A2F81C10A3EFFB2FF70FAF8FD3FE429" bold="true" box="[172,738,1308,1332]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" reason="2">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FF70FAF8FD3FE429" bold="true" box="[172,738,1308,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="96D84D2E0A3EFFB2FF21FAF9FD3FE429" ID-CoL="63VQ" ID-ENA="626743" authority="Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert, 2002" authorityName="Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2002" box="[253,738,1308,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Ngirhaphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FF21FAF9FE4EE429" bold="true" box="[253,403,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Ngirhaphium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="35494B5C0A3EFFB2FE40FAF8FD3FE429" author="Evenhuis N &amp; Grootaert P" box="[412,738,1309,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="301 - 316" refId="ref12914" refString="Evenhuis N &amp; Grootaert P (2002) Annotated checklist of the Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Singapore, with new records and descriptions of new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50: 301 - 316." type="journal article" year="2002">Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="19C265260A3EFFB2FF54FAB9FE80E493" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="516736AD0A3EFFB2FF54FAB9FE80E493" blockId="1.[136,775,1372,1479]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
<taxonomicName id="96D84D2E0A3EFFB2FF54FAB9FDE6E46C" ID-CoL="63VQ" authority="Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert, 2002" authorityName="Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2002" box="[136,571,1372,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Ngirhaphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FF54FAB9FED1E46C" box="[136,268,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Ngirhaphium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="35494B5C0A3EFFB2FEC9FAB9FDE6E46C" author="Evenhuis N &amp; Grootaert P" box="[277,571,1372,1393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="301 - 316" refId="ref12914" refString="Evenhuis N &amp; Grootaert P (2002) Annotated checklist of the Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Singapore, with new records and descriptions of new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50: 301 - 316." type="journal article" year="2002">Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50: 310.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="19C265260A3EFFB2FF54FA70FE17E4DA" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="516736AD0A3EFFB2FF54FA70FE17E4DA" blockId="1.[136,775,1372,1479]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
<typeStatus id="8E63880F0A3EFFB2FF54FA70FF67E4B7" box="[136,186,1429,1450]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Type</typeStatus>
species by original designation:
<taxonomicName id="96D84D2E0A3EFFB2FDFCFA70FE1BE4DA" ID-CoL="47C5N" authority="Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert, 2002" authorityName=", Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Ngirhaphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FDFCFA70FCDAE4B7" box="[544,775,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Ngirhaphium murphyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="35494B5C0A3EFFB2FF72FA57FE1BE4DA" author="Evenhuis N &amp; Grootaert P" box="[174,454,1458,1479]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" pagination="301 - 316" refId="ref12914" refString="Evenhuis N &amp; Grootaert P (2002) Annotated checklist of the Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Singapore, with new records and descriptions of new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50: 301 - 316." type="journal article" year="2002">Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="19C265260A3EFFB2FF54FA15FD28E61A" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="516736AD0A3EFFB2FF54FA15FD28E61A" blockId="1.[136,776,1520,1799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FF54FA15FF20E71A" bold="true" box="[136,253,1520,1543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Medium-sized species with a metallic green or blue ground-colour. Antenna very long in males, a little shorter in females. Arista apical, basal aristal segment long; length apical aristal segment specific. Rostrum in male small with well-developed labellae. Rostrum very large in female. Face wide, clypeus only a narrow strap in male; very long in females, pointed. Vertex excavated (cf.
<taxonomicName id="96D84D2E0A3EFFB2FD92F955FD0FE7DA" authorityName="T.Becker" authorityYear="1917" box="[590,722,1712,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sciapodinae">Sciapodinae</taxonomicName>
) and ocellar tubercle much raised above frons. The ocellar bristles are very long and with a thick socket on ocellar triangle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="19C265260A3EFFB2FF54F8D5FA1DE0E9" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" type="description">
<paragraph id="516736AD0A3EFFB2FF54F8D5FE6DE6BA" blockId="1.[136,775,1840,1959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Thorax with biserial acr; dc multiseriate in front of suture, further uniserseriate ending in 2 long prescutellars. A pair of long scutellars. A group of short upper propleurals and 2 longer lower propleurals.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="516736AD0A3EFFB2FF54F835FB9EE089" blockId="1.[136,776,2000,2087]" lastBlockId="1.[835,1475,189,404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fore legs much shorter than mid and hind legs. No exterior bristle on mid and hind coxae. Hind coxae bare. Femora without conspicuous bristling. All tibiae with strong bristles. Fore leg in male with tarsomere 4 with an asymmetrical apical dorsal protuberance (absent in female); terminal segment with a pair of normal claws and a thickened claw-like structure beneath the posterior claw. Female with the claws as usual, but the terminal segment bears a long dorsal protuberance. Mid and hind legs with tarsal segments 1–4 with an apical comb of short spinules.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="516736AD0A3EFFB2FC9FFE58FA1DE0E9" blockId="1.[835,1474,445,503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
Wing with tip of vein M
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sharply bent upward just before reaching the wing border and ending near tip of vein R
<subScript id="CD5C34E80A3EFFB2FA7CFE0CFA65E0EA" attach="left" box="[1440,1464,489,503]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">4+5</subScript>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="19C265260A3EFFB2FC9FFDF8FA85E209" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="516736AD0A3EFFB2FC9FFDF8FA85E209" blockId="1.[835,1474,541,791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FC9FFDF8FB90E329" bold="true" box="[835,1101,541,564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
The genus resembles
<taxonomicName id="96D84D2E0A3EFFB2FA95FDF8FA66E329" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[1353,1467,541,564]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Rhaphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FA95FDF8FA66E329" box="[1353,1467,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Rhaphium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially the species
<taxonomicName id="96D84D2E0A3EFFB2FBE5FDD8FAEDE349" authority="(Fallen)" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1081,1328,573,596]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Rhaphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicorne">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FBE5FDD8FB13E349" box="[1081,1230,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">R. longicorne</emphasis>
(Fallén)
</taxonomicName>
. Both genera have short fore tarsi.
<taxonomicName id="96D84D2E0A3EFFB2FBEEFDB8FB7DE369" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[1074,1184,605,628]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Rhaphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FBEEFDB8FB7DE369" box="[1074,1184,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Rhaphium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the fore tarsomeres 4 and 5 normally shaped, has no apical comb of spinules on the tarsal segments 1–4 of the mid and hind legs. Vein M
<subScript id="CD5C34E80A3EFFB2FA76FD4CFA1FE3AA" attach="left" box="[1450,1474,681,695]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">1+2</subScript>
can converge a little to R
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4+
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in
<taxonomicName id="96D84D2E0A3EFFB2FBA7FD58FB35E3C9" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[1147,1256,701,724]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Rhaphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FBA7FD58FB35E3C9" box="[1147,1256,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Rhaphium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in
<taxonomicName id="96D84D2E0A3EFFB2FAE9FD58FA1FE3C9" authorityName="Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2002" box="[1333,1474,701,724]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Ngirhaphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FAE9FD58FA1FE3C9" box="[1333,1474,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Ngirhaphium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the vein M
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bends up sharply before the tip of the wing and eventually ends close to R
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4+
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in the wing tip.
</paragraph>
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<heading id="0A2F81C10A3EFFB2FCAAFCB8FA52E269" bold="true" box="[886,1423,860,884]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" reason="2">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FCAAFCB8FA52E269" bold="true" box="[886,1423,860,884]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
Key to males of
<taxonomicName id="96D84D2E0A3EFFB2FBE8FCB9FB17E269" authorityName="Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2002" box="[1076,1226,860,884]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Ngirhaphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FBE8FCB9FB17E269" bold="true" box="[1076,1226,860,884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Ngirhaphium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="29CF763D0A3EFFB2FACFFCB8FA57E269" box="[1299,1418,861,884]" name="Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Singapore</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="19C265260A3EFFB2FC9FFC79FA1DE47C" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" type="key">
<keyStep id="EA2C2E080A3EFFB2FC9FFC79FA1CE55C" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
<paragraph id="516736AD0A3EFFB2FC9FFC79FA1DE2F7" blockId="1.[835,1474,924,1377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
<keyLead id="EA2995980A3EFFB2FC9FFC79FA1DE2F7" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
1. Mesonotum and tergites shining metallic blue. Large species (
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) with apical aristal segment filiform and much longer than basal aristal segment ...........
<taxonomicName id="96D84D2E0A3EFFB2FB67FC30FAE0E2F7" ID-CoL="9HNQQ" authority="Grootaert &amp; Puniamoorthy, 2014" authorityName="Grootaert &amp; Puniamoorthy" authorityYear="2014" box="[1211,1341,981,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Ngirhaphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeruleum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FB67FC30FAE0E2F7" box="[1211,1341,981,1002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">N. caeruleum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="789F57C40A3EFFB2FA97FC30FA1DE2F7" box="[1355,1472,981,1002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="516736AD0A3EFFB2FC9FFC17FA1CE55C" blockId="1.[835,1474,924,1377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
<keyLead id="EA2995980A3EFFB2FC9FFC17FA1CE55C" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">– Mesonotum and tergites shining metallic green. Medium-sized species (4.5–7.3 mm) with apical aristal segment shorter or about half as long as apical aristal segment ....................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="EA2C2E080A3EFFB2FC9FFBACFA1DE47C" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
<paragraph id="516736AD0A3EFFB2FC9FFBACFA1CE5A9" blockId="1.[835,1474,924,1377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
<keyLead id="EA2995980A3EFFB2FC9FFBACFA1CE5A9" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
2. Wing membrane not infuscate. Apical aristal segment about half as long as basal aristal segment. Cerci fused and tips are protruding from tips of surstyli (
<figureCitation id="C9E32A280A3EFFB2FB74FB67FADBE58A" box="[1192,1286,1154,1175]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[136,180,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[310,1327,1211,2039]" captionTargetId="figure-7@3.[265,1347,1192,2050]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 4–5. Ngirhaphium murphyi, Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert: 4, Dorsal view of genital capsule; 5, Lateral view of genital capsule with left ventral surstylus removed, hypandrium at the front, right ventral surstylus at the back." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502154/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Figs. 4, 5</figureCitation>
) ............................ ..........................................
<taxonomicName id="96D84D2E0A3EFFB2FBAFFB7AFA1CE5A9" ID-CoL="47C5N" authority="Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert" authorityName=", Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2002" box="[1139,1473,1183,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Ngirhaphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FBAFFB7AFB3CE5A9" box="[1139,1249,1183,1204]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">N. murphyi</emphasis>
Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="516736AD0A3EFFB2FC9FFB59FA1DE47C" blockId="1.[835,1474,924,1377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
<keyLead id="EA2995980A3EFFB2FC9FFB59FA1DE47C" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
– Wing membrane infuscate brown or black with longitudinal veins and Tp dark seamed. Apical aristal segment broad at base and tapering toward apex, nearly as long as basal aristal segment in male, sometimes a little longer in female. Tip of dorsal surstylus truncate, very wide and darkened (
<figureCitation id="C9E32A280A3EFFB2FAA9FACAFC5FE47C" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[114,158,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[150,1403,749,2032]" captionTargetId="figure-404@6.[144,1418,721,2049]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 9–10. Ngirhaphium sivasothii, new species (Semakau, Singapore): 9, Lateral view of genital capsule with left ventral surstylus at the front; 10, Dorsal view of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502160/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Figs. 9, 10</figureCitation>
) .................................................
<taxonomicName id="96D84D2E0A3EFFB2FB18FAA9FAE3E47C" authority="Grootaert &amp; Puniamoorthy, 2014" authorityName="Grootaert &amp; Puniamoorthy" authorityYear="2014" box="[1220,1342,1356,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Ngirhaphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sivasothii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="63ACEABF0A3EFFB2FB18FAA9FAE3E47C" box="[1220,1342,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">N. sivasothii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="789F57C40A3EFFB2FA97FAA9FA1DE47C" box="[1355,1472,1356,1377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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