652 lines
72 KiB
XML
652 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="B500DEE369DDB6157AC4F43178875F90" ID-CLB-Dataset="39009" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="503e23ae-7eca-484c-a835-07770877d50b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="255821" ID-ZooBank="429938CC-5910-4811-9A6C-46A7CF3D3114" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1464071947318" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Santos, George Garcia, Sandes, Joana, Cabral, Abigail & Pinheiro, Ulisses" docDate="2016" docId="D75C87E92D6E383839F5B408BDF6F871" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4114.3.8.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4114 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Neopetrosia sulcata Santos, Sandes, Cabral & Pinheiro, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="335" masterDocId="2B65FF912D6C383C3962B543B901FFD9" masterDocTitle="Neopetrosia de Laubenfels, 1949 from Brazil: description of a new species and a review of records (Haplosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera)" masterLastPageNumber="340" masterPageNumber="331" pageNumber="333" updateTime="1698662603213" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BBB68DBC4D38EE1666302AE85D210749">Neopetrosia de Laubenfels, 1949 from Brazil: description of a new species and a review of records (Haplosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B59E9FA2629EDFD8F62C73DC22EB6B75">Santos, George Garcia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6AA2037A180F7B949E8F038DD00AB575">Sandes, Joana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="709E89BCA352EFB288A62A3A7683877B">Cabral, Abigail</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8FD087D544EA068CF69F34C8B5C304A4">Pinheiro, Ulisses</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D885CD88CEC99FA5C9D7163FB2FC6B4A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FECA7C8391F44406CA918AAB5A8BEA7C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D5BEF352100DA9D4F621FA51467B405A">4114</mods:number>
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<treatment id="D75C87E92D6E383839F5B408BDF6F871" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3510658" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120692660" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3510658" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D75C87E92D6E383839F5B408BDF6F871" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D75C87E92D6E383839F5B408BDF6F871" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
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<subSubSection id="17EF65742D6E383E39F5B408B885FE5E" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6E383E39F5B408B8EBFEBF" blockId="2.[151,490,331,391]" box="[151,490,331,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
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<heading id="040281932D6E383E39F5B408B8EBFEBF" bold="true" box="[151,490,331,358]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E39F5B408B8EBFEBF" bold="true" box="[151,490,331,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
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<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6E383E39F5B408B884FEBC" ID-CoL="7483K" box="[151,389,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E39F5B408B884FEBC" bold="true" box="[151,389,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Neopetrosia sulcata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="76B257962D6E383E38EEB40FB8EBFEBF" box="[396,490,332,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6E383E39F5B42DB885FE5E" blockId="2.[151,490,331,391]" box="[151,388,366,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
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(
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<figureCitation id="C7CE2A7A2D6E383E39FCB42DB81CFE5E" box="[158,285,366,391]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1447,1469]" captionTargetBox-0="[187,1400,359,1732]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1434,481,1425]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[181,1405,337,1740]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[152,1435,481,1426]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Neopetrosia sulcata sp. nov. A, three preserved specimens; B, tangential view of ectosome; C, perpendicular section of choanosome. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B – C = 600 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. SEM images of the spicules of Neopetrosia sulcata sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 17, holotype). A, two variations of oxea; B, details of the apex of oxea. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B = 5 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/255823/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/255824/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Figure 2–3</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="127703442D6E383E384AB42DB878FE5E" box="[296,377,366,391]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,298,1884]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparative micrometric data on the oxeas, morphology, depth and location of the living species of Neopetrosia de Laubenfels, 1949 for the Atlantic. Values are in micrometers (µm), expressed as follows: minimum – maximum or minimum – mean – maximum length / width. References are numbered in parentheses and listed below the table." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0B8A66772D6B383B39F5B5DBB9D3FED6" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" tableUuid="0B8A66772D6B383B39F5B5DBB9D3FED6">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="17EF65742D6E383E39F5B4FBBA92FE15" box="[151,915,438,461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6E383E39F5B4FBBA92FE15" blockId="2.[151,915,438,461]" box="[151,915,438,461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="7FE511D12D6E383E39F5B4FBBA92FE15" box="[151,915,438,461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
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<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6E383E39F5B4FBBB9EFE15" ID-CoL="46PZ2" authority="Campos et al. 2005: 13" authorityName="Campos et al." authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,671,438,461]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
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<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E39F5B4FBB8ABFE14" box="[151,426,440,461]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Neopetrosia proxima sensu</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="DE5410EE2D6E383E38D2B4F5BB9EFE15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3505247" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3505247" author="Campos" box="[432,671,438,461]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87BABA1FB0149B0477E704D366F1" page="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6E383E38D2B4F5BB78FE15" author="Campos" box="[432,633,438,461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" refString="Campos, M., Mothes, B., Eckert, M. & van Soest, R. W. M. (2005) Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the coast of Maranhao State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa, 963, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="2005">
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Campos
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<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3B68B4FBBB37FE15" box="[522,566,438,461]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">et al</emphasis>
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. 2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 13
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="DE5410EE2D6E383E3BCBB4F5BA8EFE15" author="Muricy" box="[681,911,438,461]" page="97" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" year="2008">
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<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6E383E3BCBB4F5BA68FE15" author="Muricy" box="[681,873,438,461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" refString="Muricy, G., Esteves, E. L., Moraes, F., Santos, J. P., Silva, S. M., Almeida, E. V. R., Klautau, M. & Lanna, E. (2008) Biodiversidade Marinha da Bacia Potiguar: Porifera. Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, 156 pp. [Serie Livros; 29]" type="book" year="2008">
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Muricy
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||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3B98B4FBBA26FE15" box="[762,807,438,461]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2008
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 97
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="17EF65742D6E383E39F5B4BABB0CFCD7" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6E383E39F5B4BABA35FD80" blockId="2.[151,1437,505,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
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<typeStatus id="804E885D2D6E383E39F5B4BAB9D3FDCB" box="[151,210,505,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Type</typeStatus>
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specimens.
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<typeStatus id="804E885D2D6E383E380AB4BAB8D6FDCB" box="[360,471,505,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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UFPEPOR 17, Bacia Potiguar (
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<geoCoordinate id="3AC150382D6E383E3A93B4BABD8AFDCB" box="[1009,1163,505,530]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" precision="1" value="-36.76686">36°46’0.7”W</geoCoordinate>
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), Rio Grande do Norte State,
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<collectingCountry id="27E2766F2D6E383E3983B75EB829FDEF" box="[225,296,541,566]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="980D9B1A2D6E383E385AB75DB8ACFDEC" box="[312,429,542,566]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.55" metricValueMax="10.1" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="85.5" valueMax="101.0" valueMin="70.0">70–101 m</quantity>
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depth, leg. Petrobras,
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<date id="2B4B103F2D6E383E3BD8B75DBA5AFDEF" box="[698,859,542,566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" value="2003-05-14">14 May 2003</date>
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.
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<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3A08B75EBAE3FDEF" bold="true" box="[874,994,541,566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
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<typeStatus id="804E885D2D6E383E3A08B75EBAE3FDEF" box="[874,994,541,566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: UFPEPOR 306, Bacia Potiguar, Rio Grande do Norte State,
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<collectingCountry id="27E2766F2D6E383E38FDB702B8E7FD83" box="[415,486,577,602]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, leg. Petrobras,
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<date id="2B4B103F2D6E383E3BF8B702BA31FD80" box="[666,816,577,602]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" value="2004-05-24">24 may 2004</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6E383E39A5B726BB0CFCD7" blockId="2.[151,1437,505,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
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<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E39A5B726B8A9FDA7" bold="true" box="[199,424,613,638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Analysed material.</emphasis>
|
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MCNPOR 5107, Maranhão State (
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<geoCoordinate id="3AC150382D6E383E3A53B725BABBFDA7" box="[817,954,614,638]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" precision="15" value="0.18694445">00°11’13”N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="3AC150382D6E383E3AA3B726BD52FDA7" box="[961,1107,613,638]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" precision="15" value="-44.77">44°46’12”W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="27E2766F2D6E383E3D05B726BDAFFDA7" box="[1127,1198,613,638]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="980D9B1A2D6E383E3DD8B725BDF5FDA4" box="[1210,1268,614,638]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="93.0">93 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="2B4B103F2D6E383E3C62B725BC99FDA7" box="[1280,1432,614,638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" value="1999-06-10">10 June 1999</date>
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. MCNPOR 5016, Maranhão State (
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<geoCoordinate id="3AC150382D6E383E3B54B7C9BBB8FD7B" box="[566,697,650,674]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" precision="15" value="-0.3438889">00º20’38”S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="3AC150382D6E383E3BA5B7C9BA56FD7B" box="[711,855,650,674]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" precision="15" value="-44.293888">44º17’38”W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="27E2766F2D6E383E3A10B7CABAB8FD7B" box="[882,953,649,674]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="980D9B1A2D6E383E3AA9B7CABD0FFD78" box="[971,1038,649,674]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="85.0">85 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="2B4B103F2D6E383E3D42B7C9BDC6FD7B" box="[1056,1223,650,674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" value="1999-06-12">12 June 1999</date>
|
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. MCNPOR 3845, Maranhão State (
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<geoCoordinate id="3AC150382D6E383E3806B7EDB8C0FD1F" box="[356,449,686,710]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" precision="925" value="-0.53333336">00°32’S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="3AC150382D6E383E38ADB7EEBB38FD1F" box="[463,569,685,710]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" precision="925" value="-43.833332">43°50’W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="27E2766F2D6E383E3B36B7EEBB9AFD1F" box="[596,667,685,710]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="980D9B1A2D6E383E3BCFB7EDBBEEFD1C" box="[685,751,686,710]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="72.0">72 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="2B4B103F2D6E383E3A60B7EDBAEAFD1F" box="[770,1003,685,710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" value="1997-11-18">18 November 1997</date>
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. 3823, Maranhão State (
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<geoCoordinate id="3AC150382D6E383E3C75B7EDBC9DFD1F" box="[1303,1436,686,710]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" precision="15" value="-1.5725">01°33’81”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3AC150382D6E383E39F5B792B828FD33" box="[151,297,721,746]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" precision="15" value="-43.274166">43°15’87”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27E2766F2D6E383E3820B792B888FD33" box="[322,393,721,746]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="980D9B1A2D6E383E38FAB791B8D9FD30" box="[408,472,722,746]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</quantity>
|
||
, 0
|
||
<date id="2B4B103F2D6E383E3894B791BBC8FD33" box="[502,713,721,746]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" value="1997-12-02">2 December 1997</date>
|
||
. MCNPOR 3791, Maranhão State (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3AC150382D6E383E3D0EB791BDF0FD33" box="[1132,1265,722,746]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" precision="15" value="-2.2469444">02°14’49”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3AC150382D6E383E3D9EB791BC8EFD33" box="[1276,1423,722,746]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" precision="15" value="-42.005554">42°00’20”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27E2766F2D6E383E39F5B7B6B9DFFCD7" box="[151,222,757,782]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="980D9B1A2D6E383E398BB7B5B825FCD4" box="[233,292,758,782]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="72.0">72 m</quantity>
|
||
, 0
|
||
<date id="2B4B103F2D6E383E385CB7B6BB09FCD7" box="[318,520,757,782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" value="1997-12-06">6 December 1997</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17EF65742D6E383E39A5B65ABBA4FBF7" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6E383E39A5B65AB8A2FC8F" blockId="2.[151,1437,505,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E39A5B65ABB90FCEB" bold="true" box="[199,657,793,818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
Diagnosis.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6E383E382BB65ABB2FFCEB" box="[329,558,793,818]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E382BB65ABB2FFCEB" bold="true" box="[329,558,793,818]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Neopetrosia sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76B257962D6E383E3B54B65ABB90FCEB" box="[566,657,793,818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6E383E3A7BB659BAA0FCE8" box="[793,929,794,817]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3A7BB659BAA0FCE8" box="[793,929,794,817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Neopetrosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combining cylindrical shape and oxeas with high variability of ends.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6E383E39A5B622BBA4FBF7" blockId="2.[151,1437,505,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E39A5B622BB41FCA3" bold="true" box="[199,576,865,890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
External morphology (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7CE2A7A2D6E383E38B5B622BB1CFCA3" box="[471,541,865,890]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,359,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[181,1405,337,1740]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopetrosia sulcata sp. nov. A, three preserved specimens; B, tangential view of ectosome; C, perpendicular section of choanosome. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B – C = 600 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255823/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Irregular cylindrical fragments, 16 x
|
||
<date id="2B4B103F2D6E383E3A8BB621BD0DFCA0" box="[1001,1036,866,889]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">7 x</date>
|
||
<quantity id="980D9B1A2D6E383E3D76B622BD4DFCA0" box="[1044,1100,865,890]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
(height x length x thickness). The surface is punctiform or furrowed, rugose to the touch, with circular scattered oscules (
|
||
<quantity id="980D9B1A2D6E383E3D80B6C6BC7BFC44" box="[1250,1402,901,926]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5 to 4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) always flush with the surface (without colored borders). Choanosomal cavities can be observed through these oscula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7CE2A7A2D6E383E3856B68EB87BFC3F" box="[308,378,973,998]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,359,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[181,1405,337,1740]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopetrosia sulcata sp. nov. A, three preserved specimens; B, tangential view of ectosome; C, perpendicular section of choanosome. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B – C = 600 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255823/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). One of the specimens from Maranhão State has a big osculum on the top, with
|
||
<quantity id="980D9B1A2D6E383E3C21B68DBC7DFC3C" box="[1347,1404,974,998]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (MCN 3823, see figure 8A of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6E383E3B3CB6B1BA40FBD3" author="Campos" box="[606,833,1009,1034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" refString="Campos, M., Mothes, B., Eckert, M. & van Soest, R. W. M. (2005) Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the coast of Maranhao State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa, 963, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Campos
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3BA0B6B1BBF5FBD0" box="[706,756,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The consistency is hard but not very brittle and the color is beige to light brown in ethanol (92 %).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17EF65742D6E383E39A5B17AB80EFA04" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6E383E39A5B17ABB95FADF" blockId="2.[151,1437,505,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E39A5B17AB8C4FB8B" bold="true" box="[199,453,1081,1106]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
Skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7CE2A7A2D6E383E385EB17AB883FB8B" box="[316,386,1081,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,359,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[181,1405,337,1740]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopetrosia sulcata sp. nov. A, three preserved specimens; B, tangential view of ectosome; C, perpendicular section of choanosome. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B – C = 600 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255823/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The tangential ectosome is formed by multispicular tracts, 50–
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3DEBB17ABDB2FB88" bold="true" box="[1161,1203,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">100</emphasis>
|
||
–250 Μm in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7CE2A7A2D6E383E39FDB11EB9EBFBAF" box="[159,234,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,359,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[181,1405,337,1740]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopetrosia sulcata sp. nov. A, three preserved specimens; B, tangential view of ectosome; C, perpendicular section of choanosome. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B – C = 600 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255823/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B), producing rounded meshes (150–300 Μm in diameter). The ectosomal skeleton overlies rounded subectosomal spaces, up to about
|
||
<quantity id="980D9B1A2D6E383E3B7CB1C1BB60FB40" box="[542,609,1154,1178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and above these spaces there are brushes of spicules at the surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7CE2A7A2D6E383E399BB1E6B83FFB67" box="[249,318,1189,1214]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,359,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[181,1405,337,1740]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopetrosia sulcata sp. nov. A, three preserved specimens; B, tangential view of ectosome; C, perpendicular section of choanosome. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B – C = 600 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255823/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The choanosomal skeleton is isotropic but with a superimposed anisotropic orientation as it is typical for many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6E383E3801B189B8EAFB38" box="[355,491,1226,1249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3801B189B8EAFB38" box="[355,491,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Neopetrosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species according van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6E383E3B9CB189BADBFB3B" box="[766,986,1225,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Meesters, E. H. & Becking, L. E. (2014) Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curacao, Southern Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3878 (5), 401 - 443. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3878.5.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3A24B189BA7BFB38" box="[838,890,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, composed by multispicular tracts and single spicules strewn in confusion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7CE2A7A2D6E383E3B4CB1AEBB70FADF" box="[558,625,1261,1286]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,359,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[181,1405,337,1740]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopetrosia sulcata sp. nov. A, three preserved specimens; B, tangential view of ectosome; C, perpendicular section of choanosome. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B – C = 600 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255823/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6E383E39A5B052BDD5FAA8" blockId="2.[151,1437,505,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E39A5B052B8CDFAF3" bold="true" box="[199,460,1297,1322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
Spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7CE2A7A2D6E383E385FB052B886FAF3" box="[317,391,1297,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1447,1469]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,481,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,481,1426]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of the spicules of Neopetrosia sulcata sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 17, holotype). A, two variations of oxea; B, details of the apex of oxea. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255824/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Oxeas smooth, relatively robust, usually curved, with a fairly high percentage of variations at the ends: mucronate, stepped, hastate, asymmetrical, or blunt (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7CE2A7A2D6E383E3D65B076BD46FA97" box="[1031,1095,1333,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1447,1469]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,481,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,481,1426]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of the spicules of Neopetrosia sulcata sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 17, holotype). A, two variations of oxea; B, details of the apex of oxea. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255824/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B), with 119–
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3DBDB076BC1FFA94" bold="true" box="[1247,1310,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">157.5</emphasis>
|
||
–193 / 2.8–
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E39F5B01AB9BBFAA8" bold="true" box="[151,186,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">4.9</emphasis>
|
||
–9.6 Μm. This high percentage of variation at the ends is not typical of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6E383E3D27B019BDCCFAA8" box="[1093,1229,1370,1393]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3D27B019BDCCFAA8" box="[1093,1229,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Neopetrosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6E383E39A5B03EB80EFA04" blockId="2.[151,1437,505,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E39A5B03EB82AFA4F" bold="true" box="[199,299,1405,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
The outer surface of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="804E885D2D6E383E3B28B03DBB7BFA4F" box="[586,634,1406,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens was infested by zoanthids and in one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="804E885D2D6E383E3D93B03DBC5CFA4F" box="[1265,1373,1406,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
there was a colony of bryozoans
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6E383E38AEB0E2BA99FA63" authority="Busk, 1854" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1854" box="[460,920,1441,1466]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Steginoporellidae" genus="Steginoporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="magnilabris">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E38AEB0E2BBFCFA60" box="[460,765,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Steginoporella magnilabris</emphasis>
|
||
(Busk, 1854)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(acc.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6E383E3ABFB0E2BDC1FA63" author="Winston" box="[989,1216,1441,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" refString="Winston, J. E., Vieira, L. M. & Woollacott, R. M. (2014) Scientific Results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 2. Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3099 / MCZ 14.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Winston
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3D21B0E1BD75FA60" box="[1091,1140,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Depth range from
|
||
<quantity id="980D9B1A2D6E383E39F5B085B80AFA04" box="[151,267,1478,1502]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.55" metricValueMax="10.1" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="85.5" valueMax="101.0" valueMin="70.0">
|
||
70–
|
||
<specimenCount id="49F3FD762D6E383E39A1B085B80AFA04" box="[195,267,1478,1502]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="generic">101 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17EF65742D6E383E39A5B0AABD79F9DB" box="[199,1144,1513,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6E383E39A5B0AABD79F9DB" blockId="2.[151,1437,505,2006]" box="[199,1144,1513,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E39A5B0AAB8BDF9DB" bold="true" box="[199,444,1513,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7CE2A7A2D6E383E380AB0AAB8ADF9DB" box="[360,428,1513,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,341,1338]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,339,1342]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the collection sites of (1) Neopetrosia sulcata sp. nov. (RN - Rio Grande do Norte State) and (2) Neopetrosia proxima (SE - Sergipe State) in the Brazilian coast. For details about the collecting positions of individual samples of the species cf. the description of these." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255822/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27E2766F2D6E383E3B22B0AABB88F9DB" box="[576,649,1513,1538]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Maranhão and Rio Grande do Norte States.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17EF65742D6E383E39A5B34EB8E5F993" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6E383E39A5B34EB8E5F993" blockId="2.[151,1437,505,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E39A5B34EB84FF9FF" bold="true" box="[199,334,1549,1574]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6E383E38BEB34EBB2CF9FC" box="[476,557,1549,1573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E38BEB34EBB2CF9FC" box="[476,557,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from the punctiform or furrowed surface, which is one of the characteristics of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17EF65742D6E383839A5B316BAAAFE74" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6E383E39A5B316B852F8FB" blockId="2.[151,1437,505,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E39A5B316B83AF9B7" bold="true" box="[199,315,1621,1646]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was previously reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27E2766F2D6E383E3A02B316BAA5F9B7" box="[864,932,1621,1646]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6E383E3AB9B315B860F94B" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3AB9B315BDCFF9B4" box="[987,1230,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Neopetrosia proxima</emphasis>
|
||
(Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6E383E38F4B339BB8EF94B" author="Campos" box="[406,655,1657,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" refString="Campos, M., Mothes, B., Eckert, M. & van Soest, R. W. M. (2005) Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the coast of Maranhao State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa, 963, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Campos
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E389DB339BB37F948" box="[511,566,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 13). We analyzed the material of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6E383E3D55B339BC35F94B" box="[1079,1332,1657,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" refString="Campos, M., Mothes, B., Eckert, M. & van Soest, R. W. M. (2005) Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the coast of Maranhao State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa, 963, 1 - 22." type="journal article">
|
||
Campos
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3DFDB339BDD7F948" box="[1183,1238,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and our specimens and concluded that these are not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6E383E3BE0B3DDBAB2F96C" box="[642,947,1694,1717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="proxima" subSpecies="sensu">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3BE0B3DDBAB2F96C" box="[642,947,1694,1717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Neopetrosia proxima sensu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
original description and other records from the Caribbean (
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E382AB381B868F900" box="[328,361,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6E383E3818B381B8E9F903" author="Zea" box="[378,488,1730,1754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, Colombia, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6E383E3B4AB381BA2BF903" author="Soest" box="[552,810,1729,1754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados Deep-Water Sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Soest & Stentoft 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6E383E3A5AB381BAEAF903" author="Zea" box="[824,1003,1729,1754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" refString="Zea, S., Henkel, T. P. & Pawlik, J. R. (2014) The Sponge Guide: a picture guide to Caribbean sponges. 3 rd Edition. Available from: www. spongeguide. org (accessed 1 Mar. 2016)" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Zea
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3A0EB381BA9EF900" box="[876,927,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but is, in fact, a new species of this genus. Besides, we compared this Brazilian material with specimens that distinctly belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6E383E3DD0B3A5BC2EF924" box="[1202,1327,1766,1789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3DD0B3A5BC2EF924" box="[1202,1327,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">N. proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is described below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6E383F39A5B26EBAD4FEC5" blockId="2.[151,1437,505,2006]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
The characteristics, which led us to make this decision, were morphological and skeletal.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6E383E3DDEB26DBC9DF89C" box="[1212,1436,1837,1861]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E3DDEB26DBC9DF89C" box="[1212,1436,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Neopetrosia sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E39F5B212B9F3F8B3" bold="true" box="[151,242,1873,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76B257962D6E383E39F5B212B9F3F8B3" box="[151,242,1873,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has irregular and cylindrical shape, with punctiform/furrowed surface, beige to light brown color, apical oscules (one of the specimens) and/or oscula flush to the surface, in which choanosomal cavities can be observed, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6E383E399EB2D9B8EBF868" box="[252,490,1946,1969]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6E383E399EB2D9B8EBF868" box="[252,490,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Neopetrosia proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has encrusting/massive shape, with smooth surface, dark brown to purple external color and cream internal color, and oscules located on the top of mounds. In relation to skeletal features, the former has a more disorganized skeleton than the later, since there are more spicules strewn in confusion and, consequently, the meshes are less defined. Besides,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6F383F3BB9B5FEBA4CFF0D" box="[731,845,188,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6F383F3BB9B5FEBBEFFF0D" box="[731,750,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6F383F3B9EB5FFBA4CFF0D" box="[764,845,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6F383F3A36B5FFBAAFFF0C" bold="true" box="[852,942,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76B257962D6F383F3A36B5FFBAAFFF0C" box="[852,942,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has oxeas with high percentage of variation at the ends (mucronate, stepped, hastate, asymmetrical, or blunt tips), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6F383F3D59B5A2BDBCFF2E" box="[1083,1213,224,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6F383F3D59B5A2BDBCFF2E" box="[1083,1213,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">N. proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has predominantly hastate/acerate oxeas to strongyloxeas (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6F383F3B1FB446BBE7FEC5" author="Zea" box="[637,742,260,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, Colombia, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6F383F3A7EB446BAC8FEC5" author="Zea" box="[796,969,260,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" refString="Zea, S., Henkel, T. P. & Pawlik, J. R. (2014) The Sponge Guide: a picture guide to Caribbean sponges. 3 rd Edition. Available from: www. spongeguide. org (accessed 1 Mar. 2016)" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Zea
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6F383F3A2FB446BA7FFEC5" box="[845,894,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0B8A66772D6F383F39F5B3A2BA0BF8CF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255823/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" targetBox="[187,1400,359,1732]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6F383F39F5B3A2BA0BF8CF" blockId="3.[151,1435,1761,1814]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6F383F39F5B3A2B817F92F" bold="true" box="[151,278,1761,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6F383F387DB3A1B8ECF92E" box="[287,493,1761,1783]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6F383F387DB3A1B8ECF92E" box="[287,493,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Neopetrosia sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6F383F3894B3A1BB4BF92E" bold="true" box="[502,586,1762,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76B257962D6F383F3894B3A1BB4BF92E" box="[502,586,1762,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, three preserved specimens; B, tangential view of ectosome; C, perpendicular section of choanosome. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C = 600 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D6F383839A5B27EBAAAFE74" blockId="3.[151,1437,1853,2022]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">
|
||
The punctiform/furrowed surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6F383F3B1AB27DBBEEF88C" box="[632,751,1853,1877]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6F383F3B1AB27DBBEEF88C" box="[632,751,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">N. sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76B257962D6F383F3B9EB27EBA5AF88F" box="[764,859,1853,1878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6F383F3B9EB27EBA5AF88F" bold="true" box="[764,859,1853,1878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be linked to zoanthid association, in which sponges provide benefits to these organisms as substratum, microhabitat, shelter and food. Some works demonstrated that sponge species are exclusively associated with only one or two zoanthid species, whereas zoanthids, particularly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6F383F38FAB2EABB35F818" box="[408,564,1961,1985]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Parazoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6F383F38FAB2EABB35F818" box="[408,564,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Parazoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6F383F3B08B2EABBF5F818" box="[618,756,1961,1985]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6F383F3B08B2EABBF5F818" box="[618,756,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Epizoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have a low degree of specificity (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6F383F3DC3B2EABC91F81B" author="Swain" box="[1185,1424,1961,1986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" refString="Swain, T. D. & Wulff, J. L. (2007) Diversity and specificity of Caribbean sponge - zoanthid symbioses: a foundation for understanding the adaptive significance of symbioses and generating hypotheses about higher-order systematics. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 92, 695 - 711. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2007.00861. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Swain & Wulff 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, this can be also related to the form and mechanical resistance of sponges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6F38383DE2B28EB82EFF69" author="Montenegro-Gonzalez" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" refString="Montenegro-Gonzalez, J. & Acosta, A. (2010) Habitat preference of Zoantharia genera depends on host sponge morphology. Universitas Scientiarum, 15 (2), 110 - 121. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11144 / javeriana. SC 15 - 2. hpoz" type="journal article" year="2010">Montenegro-González & Acosta 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Besides the
|
||
<typeStatus id="804E885D2D68383838B9B5DBBB0AFF69" box="[475,523,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383BDCB5DABA37FF69" box="[702,822,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383BDCB5DABA37FF69" box="[702,822,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76B257962D6838383A21B5D4BAA2FF69" box="[835,931,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383A21B5D4BAA2FF69" bold="true" box="[835,931,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the sponge-zoanthid association was also observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D683838384AB5FFBB16FF0C" box="[296,535,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" refString="Campos, M., Mothes, B., Eckert, M. & van Soest, R. W. M. (2005) Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the coast of Maranhao State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa, 963, 1 - 22." type="journal article">
|
||
Campos
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D68383838EEB5FEB8C4FF0D" box="[396,453,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the specimens from Maranhão State. The same happened with population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D68383839F5B5A2B814FF2E" box="[151,277,224,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D68383839F5B5A2B814FF2E" box="[151,277,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Colombian (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6838383887B5A3BA78FF2E" author="Zea" box="[485,889,224,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, Colombia, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">
|
||
Zea 1987, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383B1CB5A3BA78FF2E" box="[638,889,224,247]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383B1CB5A3BA78FF2E" box="[638,889,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Xestospongia proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27E2766F2D6838383AF3B5A3BAEBFF2E" box="[913,1002,224,247]" name="Panama" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27E2766F2D6838383D43B59CBD8EFF21" box="[1057,1167,223,248]" name="Dominica" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6838383DFDB59CBC90FF21" author="Swain" box="[1183,1425,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" refString="Swain, T. D. & Wulff, J. L. (2007) Diversity and specificity of Caribbean sponge - zoanthid symbioses: a foundation for understanding the adaptive significance of symbioses and generating hypotheses about higher-order systematics. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 92, 695 - 711. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2007.00861. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Swain & Wulff 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All these researchers reported a punctiform surface in these sponges, except
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6838383D6AB447BC0FFEC5" author="Swain" box="[1032,1294,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" refString="Swain, T. D. & Wulff, J. L. (2007) Diversity and specificity of Caribbean sponge - zoanthid symbioses: a foundation for understanding the adaptive significance of symbioses and generating hypotheses about higher-order systematics. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 92, 695 - 711. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2007.00861. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Swain & Wulff (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Despite the likely change caused by zoanthids in a surface structure of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383A29B46ABABEFE99" box="[843,959,296,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383A29B46ABABEFE99" box="[843,959,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383AABB464BD27FE99" bold="true" box="[969,1062,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76B257962D6838383AABB464BD27FE99" box="[969,1062,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
specimens, this species remains different from others
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D68383838EAB40EBB11FEBD" box="[392,528,333,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D68383838EAB40EBB11FEBD" box="[392,528,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Neopetrosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, specially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383B80B40EBA61FEBD" box="[738,864,333,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383B80B40EBA61FEBD" box="[738,864,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due the characteristics proposed above. However, the association between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D68383838D4B432BB2CFE51" box="[438,557,368,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D68383838D4B432BB2CFE51" box="[438,557,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383B5BB42CBB96FE51" bold="true" box="[569,663,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76B257962D6838383B5BB42CBB96FE51" box="[569,663,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and zoanthid species needs to be investigated, including the real identity of it, to evaluated the degree of specificity in this relationship.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="0B8A66772D68383839F5B0E4BA23FA05" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255824/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" targetBox="[152,1434,481,1425]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D68383839F5B0E4BA23FA05" blockId="4.[151,1436,1447,1500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D68383839F5B0E4B812FA65" bold="true" box="[151,275,1447,1469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM images of the spicules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383B3AB0EBBA23FA64" box="[600,802,1447,1469]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383B3AB0EBBA23FA64" box="[600,802,1447,1469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Neopetrosia sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383A4BB0E4BA78FA65" bold="true" box="[809,889,1447,1468]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76B257962D6838383A4BB0E4BA78FA65" box="[809,889,1447,1468]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(UFPEPOR 17, holotype). A, two variations of oxea; B, details of the apex of oxea. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B = 5 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17EF65742D68383839A5B340BDF6F871" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F4A36FF2D68383839A5B340BDF6F871" blockId="4.[151,1437,1539,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">
|
||
Besides
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383847B347B8A0F9C2" ID-CoL="7G9LC" box="[293,417,1540,1563]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383847B347B8A0F9C2" box="[293,417,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, eight additional species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383BB9B347BA62F9C2" ID-CoL="84QW3" box="[731,867,1540,1563]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383BB9B347BA62F9C2" box="[731,867,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Neopetrosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been reported from the Western Atlantic (see van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D68383839ACB364B8A2F999" author="Soest" box="[206,419,1575,1600]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Vacelet, J., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R. & Klautau, M. (2015) World Porifera database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 20 march 2015)" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D683838387BB36BB853F9E6" box="[281,338,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), viz.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383897B36BBB9DF9E6" ID-CoL="46PYG" box="[501,668,1575,1599]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carbonaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383897B36BBB9DF9E6" box="[501,668,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. carbonaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lamarck, 1814 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383AFBB364BAF4F9E7" ID-CoL="84TSR" box="[921,1013,1575,1598]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383AFBB364BAF4F9E7" box="[921,1013,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Spongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383D76B36BBDAFF9E6" ID-CoL="46PYL" box="[1044,1198,1575,1599]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383D76B36BBDAFF9E6" box="[1044,1198,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. cylindrica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lamarck, 1815 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D68383839F5B308B80EF9BA" ID-CoL="87D6B" box="[151,271,1611,1635]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D68383839F5B308B80EF9BA" box="[151,271,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Alcyonium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D683838384DB30FB8DFF9BA" ID-CoL="46PYP" box="[303,478,1611,1635]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dominicana">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D683838384DB30FB8DFF9BA" box="[303,478,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. dominicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6838383894B308BAB9F9BA" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[502,952,1611,1636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383A43B30FBAB9F9BA" ID-CoL="84VRX" box="[801,952,1612,1635]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383A43B30FBAB9F9BA" box="[801,952,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Xestospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383ABBB30FBC6FF9BD" ID-CoL="46PYQ" authority="van Soest et al. 2014" authorityName="van Soest et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[985,1390,1611,1636]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dutchi">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383ABBB30FBD4BF9BA" box="[985,1098,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. dutchi</emphasis>
|
||
van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6838383DF1B30FBC6FF9BD" author="Soest" box="[1171,1390,1611,1636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Meesters, E. H. & Becking, L. E. (2014) Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curacao, Southern Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3878 (5), 401 - 443. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3878.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383D82B30FBC1AF9BA" box="[1248,1307,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383CE0B30FBB33F951" ID-CoL="46PYR" authority="van Soest et al. 2014" authorityName="van Soest et al." authorityYear="2014" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eurystomata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383CE0B30FB823F95E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. eurystomata</emphasis>
|
||
van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6838383801B333BB33F951" author="Soest" box="[355,562,1647,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Meesters, E. H. & Becking, L. E. (2014) Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curacao, Southern Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3878 (5), 401 - 443. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3878.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D68383838CEB333B8E3F95E" box="[428,482,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383B21B333BAB8F951" ID-CoL="46PYX" authority="van Soest et al. 2014" authorityName="van Soest et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[579,953,1647,1672]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383B21B333BBA6F95E" box="[579,679,1648,1671]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. ovata</emphasis>
|
||
van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6838383B88B333BAB8F951" author="Soest" box="[746,953,1647,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Meesters, E. H. & Becking, L. E. (2014) Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curacao, Southern Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3878 (5), 401 - 443. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3878.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383A51B333BA68F95E" box="[819,873,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383AABB333BD6AF95E" ID-CoL="46PZ5" box="[969,1131,1648,1671]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rosariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383AABB333BD6AF95E" box="[969,1131,1648,1671]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. rosariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6838383DE2B333B82FF972" author="Zea" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" refString="Zea, S. & Rutzler, K. (1983) A new species of Xestospongia (Porifera, Demospongea) from the Colombian Caribbean. Caldasia, 10, 817 - 831." type="journal article" year="1983">
|
||
Zea & Rützler, 1983 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D68383839F5B3D7B82FF972" ID-CoL="84VRX" box="[151,302,1684,1707]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D68383839F5B3D7B82FF972" box="[151,302,1684,1707]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Xestospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D68383838E4B3D7BB61F972" ID-CoL="46PZ9" box="[390,608,1683,1707]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subtriangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D68383838E4B3D7BB61F972" box="[390,608,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. subtriangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383B18B3D7BA92F972" ID-CoL="46PYG" box="[634,915,1683,1707]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carbonaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383B18B3D7BA92F972" box="[634,915,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Neopetrosia carbonaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a black massive sponge, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383CE0B3D7B845F916" ID-CoL="46PZ9" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subtriangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383CE0B3D7B845F916" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. subtriangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is brown ramose/erect (van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B644B0E2D6838383B1CB3FBBA3AF909" author="Soest" box="[638,827,1719,1744]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Meesters, E. H. & Becking, L. E. (2014) Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curacao, Southern Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3878 (5), 401 - 443. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3878.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383BA3B3FBBBF3F916" box="[705,754,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), clearly different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383D21B3FBBDB5F916" ID-CoL="7483K" box="[1091,1204,1719,1743]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383D21B3FBBDB5F916" box="[1091,1204,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76B257962D6838383DD8B3F4BC12F909" box="[1210,1299,1719,1744]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383DD8B3F4BC12F909" bold="true" box="[1210,1299,1719,1744]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in habit and color.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383983B39FB8F9F92A" ID-CoL="46PYP" box="[225,504,1755,1779]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dominicana">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383983B39FB8F9F92A" box="[225,504,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Neopetrosia dominicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from our new species in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="804E885D2D6838383AC8B39FBADBF92D" box="[938,986,1756,1780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of the spicules, which are exclusively strongyles.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D683838387BB243B8EFF8CE" ID-CoL="46PYQ" box="[281,494,1791,1815]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dutchi">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D683838387BB243B8EFF8CE" box="[281,494,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Neopetrosia dutchi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D683838389FB243BBA9F8CE" ID-CoL="46PYR" box="[509,680,1792,1815]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eurystomata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D683838389FB243BBA9F8CE" box="[509,680,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. eurystomata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383B82B243BA41F8CE" ID-CoL="46PYX" box="[736,832,1792,1815]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383B82B243BA41F8CE" box="[736,832,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. ovata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are common deep-water species (from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27E2766F2D6838383C4BB3BCB822F8E5" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Caribbean Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
), different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D68383838B9B267BB4CF8E2" ID-CoL="7483K" box="[475,589,1827,1851]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D68383838B9B267BB4CF8E2" box="[475,589,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383B37B260BBAEF8E5" bold="true" box="[597,687,1827,1852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76B257962D6838383B37B260BBAEF8E5" box="[597,687,1827,1852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
mainly in habit (large lobes, vase shaped and ovate, respectively).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D68383839F5B20BB8A3F886" ID-CoL="46PZ5" box="[151,418,1864,1887]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rosariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D68383839F5B20BB8A3F886" box="[151,418,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Neopetrosia rosariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a dark brown color and tube shape and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383AF3B20BBD92F886" ID-CoL="46PYL" box="[913,1171,1863,1887]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383AF3B20BBD92F886" box="[913,1171,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">Neopetrosia cylindrica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an erect sponge with slightly red and white color. Finally, none of these tropical sponges have the cylindrical shape, with punctiform/ furrowed surface, and oxeas with high percentage of variation at the ends as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98F54D7C2D6838383A93B2D3BD62F87E" ID-CoL="7483K" box="[1009,1123,1935,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383A93B2D3BD62F87E" box="[1009,1123,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">N. sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="6D81EAED2D6838383D08B2CCBDC2F871" bold="true" box="[1130,1219,1935,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76B257962D6838383D08B2CCBDC2F871" box="[1130,1219,1935,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="335" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |