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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="59958" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58b283e2-bf49-4656-8668-6086b2b4e003" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-230-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="365B97AE96F45DB295043BF02F4AF4BE" ModsDocID="1314-2003-230-1" checkinTime="1691127498364" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peterson, Paul M., Herrera Arrieta, Yolanda, Lobo Cabezas, Silvia &amp; Romaschenko, Konstantin" docDate="2023" docId="D1304184E2B85E13AF9091DD0860632F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 230: 1-106" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 230" docPubDate="2023-08-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882" docTitle="Muhlenbergia rigida (Kunth) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 63. 1829." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="365B97AE96F45DB295043BF02F4AF4BE" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="365B97AE96F45DB295043BF02F4AF4BE" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Central America: phylogeny and classification" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1691128203638" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6ACF318BB1C8F0CD5DC76213CACE2517">Taxonomic revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Central America: phylogeny and classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D845B1F61B519AF7DBAE39051EB351E2">Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="442ED5EC0B927D67B0DB6C120068EF6B">Instituto Politecnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad-Durango-COFAA, Durango, C. P. 34220, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="B9CCE23A2411725B5B87C5C0B640CB26">Department of Botany MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="692880090DAE8156302D9AF4F7A09385" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E38A2280998A81C81781BA3C855B2014" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
28.
<taxonomicName id="198ACDDA0AA05F0DABA0FBBF9BEEAF40" ID-CoL="44JMG" ID-ENA="751682" LSID="D1304184-E2B8-5E13-AF90-91DD0860632F" authority="(Kunth) Kunth, Revis. Gramin. 1: 63. 1829." authorityName="(Kunth) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 63. 1829." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia rigida" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigida">
Muhlenbergia rigida (Kunth) Kunth,
<normalizedToken id="B67A34463BA7430D6DC8F7F7AB8976E5" originalValue="Révis">Revis</normalizedToken>
. Gramin. 1: 63. 1829.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="91D218C82E4B62894E43BC001E1FD0A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="7B0F4B6EE7344FEB8C12B60AD4B6C8CD" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. A-G Muhlenbergia rigida (Kunth) Kunth A habit B inflorescence (narrow) C inflorescence (open) D ligule E glumes F floret G stamens and pistil H Muhlenbergia mucronata (Kunth) Trin. H floret. A, B drawn from P. M. Peterson 9659 (US) C-I drawn from P. M. Peterson, C. R. Annable &amp; J. Valdes-Reyna 10876 (ANSM, US) H drawn from P. M. Peterson &amp; C. R. Annable 10778 (US)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887881" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 13A-G</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83F39676C85E58E435ED56FDB7BDFBEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="474407D6008384C197F94EB4D413EA69" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="01780CA60B1BE411D173F518C99FA0E2" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Podosemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podosemum rigidum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigidum">Podosemum rigidum</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 129. 1816. Type:
<normalizedToken id="0D46217F9C83D94E9ACDB203AE9E9450" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, Guanajuato, near Guanajuato, Sep,
<emphasis id="8E6769C341C91DED24FF2D88172B8B9D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F.W.H.A. Humboldt &amp; A.J.A. Bonpland s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: P!; isotypes: BAA!, US-91920 fragm. ex P!). ≡
<taxonomicName id="426F11D6F2ED0EFDFA909541CAEC0870" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichochloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trichochloa rigida" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigida">Trichochloa rigida</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Roem. &amp; Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 386. 1817. ≡
<taxonomicName id="C97C90D7CE917F6C75BFAC8A6F6555BD" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agrostis rigida" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigida">Agrostis rigida</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 262. 1825. Basionym.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3488927C2A6357AF83557F0FC0A94D91" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="A44282663922A8241CB6F02B606D5A50" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Podosemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podosemum elegans" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">= Podosemum elegans</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 130. 1816. Type: Ecuador, Chimborazo, Paramo de las Puntas &amp; Pomallacta, Jun,
<emphasis id="AF01C6E8AC133FC7B3C60C8D0C4E6886" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F.W.H.A. Humboldt &amp; A.J.A. Bonpland s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: P!; isotype: BAA!). ≡
<taxonomicName id="DA3DE9589DC2BDE45DEAD15FFBDC7D63" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichochloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trichochloa elegans" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">Trichochloa elegans</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Roem. &amp; Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 387. 1817. ≡
<taxonomicName id="7F320E59F401D70F1D874E07DECDDE8C" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agrostis quitensis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quitensis">Agrostis quitensis</taxonomicName>
Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 262. 1825.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE6C7BCF0AEEAA0DF6EC90E0EA96BDD7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="6D2FAD9DEE4E28EA338AEAA3EDC48BDB" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Podosemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podosemum glabratum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabratum">= Podosemum glabratum</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 130. 1816. Type:
<normalizedToken id="03F05B0F9A500C64EB720BAEA1173180" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, Santa Rosa de la Sierra and
<normalizedToken id="C32BD82F600BC0ECD78C16E68871FAFC" originalValue="Cañada">Canada</normalizedToken>
de Acabuca, Sep,
<emphasis id="6ED874E2DCD6DCAE61A99CA68E78248E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F.W.H.A. Humboldt &amp; A.J.A. Bonpland s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: P-Bonpl!; isotype: US-91921 fragm. ex P-Bonpl!). ≡
<taxonomicName id="D4B530FEAE21335A5D0BDD0D6263FB78" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichochloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trichochloa glabrata" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrata">Trichochloa glabrata</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Roem. &amp; Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 387. 1817. ≡
<taxonomicName id="8F3B5EFE1EAC494BAE4DA60A9FF7C5B2" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agrostis glabrata" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrata">Agrostis glabrata</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 262. 1825.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6030A93AE8540ECD963FEDC4AEC3D450" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="834799D8CDD4B97DAFBABD070A720A96" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia berlandieri" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="berlandieri">= Muhlenbergia berlandieri</taxonomicName>
Trin.,
<normalizedToken id="6E8115AC2E9AC693FE6D2D0A18EFF310" originalValue="Mém">Mem</normalizedToken>
. Acad. Imp. Sci.
<normalizedToken id="3EDFC07D85D2BC66D23B65DD177FE49B" originalValue="Saint-Pétersbourg">Saint-Petersbourg</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="218E928727246647C91DCA116CFCBD12" originalValue="Sér">Ser</normalizedToken>
. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6,4(3-4): 299. 1841. Type:
<normalizedToken id="684E01EC479E0FAE819C45EFA215BB08" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, Distrito Federal, Mountains near
<normalizedToken id="42794D9A844A2C3CE6B3AED64C84F6CC" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, Aug 1827,
<emphasis id="DB6A67C4C1FCB0FDEE596193F3923321" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.L. Berlandier 676</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="49F6CAE04B981F364E12F661F0E2CDEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">684</emphasis>
(lectotype: LE-TRIN-1487.01! designated by Peterson et al. in PhytoKeys 114: 195. 2018; isolectotypes [all
<emphasis id="022349ACB7F8A44AB748319FA6FC6912" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Berlandier 676</emphasis>
]: COL-000006382 [image!]; P-00644117 [image!], P-00644119 [image!], US-2557457!, US-87241 fragm!, W-239604!, W-0029177 [image!]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1EA5F08BD3EB90E91C4CD4EB155C0220" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="524759E87837B2B434001BE227D8DB22" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia affinis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">= Muhlenbergia affinis</taxonomicName>
Trin.,
<normalizedToken id="0A5763E1D11042BAA760049CAF642AEC" originalValue="Mém">Mem</normalizedToken>
. Acad. Imp. Sci.
<normalizedToken id="ED0E1A4DA7A8538A44BD761371CCCABE" originalValue="Saint-Pétersbourg">Saint-Petersbourg</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="16D43013314F57B290ED9629D7F7652B" originalValue="Sér">Ser</normalizedToken>
. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6,4(3-4): 301. 1841. Type:
<normalizedToken id="585C9EB8032E29F1B8649D725CA40A5E" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="2D8BCEDD4AC7279FD6578A17E17EEB25" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, Toluca,
<emphasis id="B855639B5FB407ED483E23E838F5C2A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.L. Berlandier 1083</emphasis>
(lectotype: P-00644141 [image!] designated by Peterson et al. in PhytoKeys 114: 195. 2018; isolectotypes: G-00099411 [image!], G-00099410 [image!], G-00099409 [image!], LE-TRIN-1485.01 fragm.!, P-00644142 [image!], US-87237 fragm.!). ≡
<taxonomicName id="12A93F4878EAB1A088F6A336A0DEF28D" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1921" baseAuthorityName="Trin." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Podosemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podosemum affine" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affine">Podosemum affine</taxonomicName>
(Trin.) Bush, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 7(2):40. 1921.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC9346CD0B7D088699A6F1E1D1232732" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="28F43B6A96FD6D5F20E0576AB602E972" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia phragmitoides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phragmitoides">= Muhlenbergia phragmitoides</taxonomicName>
Griseb., Abh.
<normalizedToken id="29056144F4C51B2FA45E6E6EEEB0B112" originalValue="Königl">Koenigl</normalizedToken>
. Ges. Wiss.
<normalizedToken id="0B185E776DFB8EA50C8F44BAA2EE1EB3" originalValue="Göttingen">Goettingen</normalizedToken>
19: 255. 1874. Type: Argentina,
<normalizedToken id="3605C9B81B8D7857449C2CDD069C5F72" originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
: Cuesta de Anfama, Sierra de
<normalizedToken id="C4CCC60F8C6950BB9FC50EF46DEF0EEA" originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
, 23 Mar 1872,
<emphasis id="FA11A08EE919B62CECA7662DB4E095A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.G. Lorentz 79</emphasis>
(lectotype: GOET-006649 [image!] designated by Peterson et al. in PhytoKeys 114: 195. 2018; isolectotypes: BAA-00002225 [image!], CORD-00004622 [image!], GOET-006648 [image!], SI-002780 [image!], US-91911 fragm. ex GOET!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56168655C0B024873BCBF68A8568AA6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="62ECEDD3075F2E201A7BE52FA1D45A40" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1898" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia elegans subsp. var. var. atroviolacea" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="elegans" subSpecies="var." variety="atroviolacea">= Muhlenbergia elegans var. atroviolacea</taxonomicName>
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 357. 1898. Type: Bolivia, Cochabamba, 3000 m, 26 Mar 1892,
<emphasis id="3096AF1D03BD600B0C14125BBCDDB3AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. Kuntze s.n.</emphasis>
lectotype: NY-00381485 [image!] designated by Peterson et al. in PhytoKeys 114: 195. 2018.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F972E295E5A582EB2A3A51B1546ECA45" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="926642285E1610B19C56378AF8C411D9" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1898" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia elegans subsp. var. var. subviridis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="elegans" subSpecies="var." variety="subviridis">= Muhlenbergia elegans var. subviridis</taxonomicName>
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 357. 1898. Type: Bolivia, Tunari Mts, 1600 m,
<emphasis id="6DDCFB1BF8385C5671DC63F2B82E1510" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. Kuntze</emphasis>
(lectotype: NY-00381486 [image!] designated by Peterson et al. in PhytoKeys 114: 195. 2018).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D267254E9190D9D227AA4E888240A48" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF6B01A1371F2249056759EA5EC89B" authorityName="M.E.Jones" authorityYear="1912" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia metcalfei" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="metcalfei">= Muhlenbergia metcalfei</taxonomicName>
M.E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 14: 12. 1912. Type: USA, New Mexico: Grant Co., Santa Rita Mountains, in and around S end of the Black Range, 7000 ft, 9 Oct 1904,
<emphasis id="3D5CDD3163AB3BF1F448FBC22DF153FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O.B. Metcalf 1485</emphasis>
(holotype: POM-116640!; isotypes: GH-00023980 [image!], MO!, US!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E8B1342E264B7BD5BB622AB8746954B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="BE02C8A76CFCF047018CE88478CC1057" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia holwayorum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="holwayorum">= Muhlenbergia holwayorum</taxonomicName>
Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24(8): 389. 1927. Type: Bolivia, Sorata, 16 Apr 1920, E.W.D. Holway &amp; M.M. Holway 530 (holotype: US-1108445!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FF3FB59EF55BF03CBC277080CBEA97D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A1CCEA80FCC51C9AD13C5F82EEB63EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A1446151F0586AD8A15934092541259" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Densely caespitose
<emphasis id="B722530B6FF2AE8F1A41EABD52559527" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">perennials</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="57ADD0FB1A8572DD130813AE1D4BFEB0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Culms</emphasis>
40-100 cm tall, stiffly erect, glabrous to scaberulous below the basal, terete nodes, usually 1 node per culm;
<emphasis id="B7091F2367FFBE6BD260BF69A029E5AC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">internodes</emphasis>
mostly glabrous.
<emphasis id="15B5251C48C0AF36E12B2C48B56AF48E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
2-30 cm long, longer than the internodes, glabrous to scaberulous, rounded near base;
<emphasis id="4ABAF2E02E4A932DEC391818F48CF95A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ligules</emphasis>
(1-)3-6(-8) mm long, often lacerate, firmer below, strongly decurrent, apex obtuse to acute;
<emphasis id="BB83DFA1F20709D063FF197467C71039" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">blades</emphasis>
12-35 cm long, 1-3 mm wide, flat or involute, glabrous to scaberulous below and scaberulous to hirsutulous above.
<emphasis id="2F23510A46AD1EDFBB0743C56199D34F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Panicles</emphasis>
(4-)10-35 cm long, (2-)3-5(-12) cm wide, loosely contracted to open and lax, sometimes diffuse, reddish-purple;
<emphasis id="42110BDC8131A70A580A06E00F2A68D2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">primary branches</emphasis>
0.4-10 cm long, sometimes capillary, ascending and spreading up to 80° from the rachises;
<emphasis id="7F582EF7C64C67A490CB7B4EA4828864" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pedicels</emphasis>
1-10 mm long, mostly longer than the spikelets.
<emphasis id="643839C0E99BD25C42998C353F8AD0B9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spikelets</emphasis>
3.5-5 mm long, reddish-purple;
<emphasis id="D33EBEF08B4D5DF4DD91AFEBDEF10677" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">glumes</emphasis>
1-1.7(-2) mm long, much shorter than the floret, about equal, 1-veined, unawned, apex obtuse to subacute, sometimes hirsutulous, rarely mucronate;
<emphasis id="BBD1A4C34165C506F78C202009DB1561" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lemmas</emphasis>
3.5-5 mm long, narrow lanceolate, scaberulous to scabrous, purple, awned, callus with hairs up to 0.5 mm long, apex acuminate, the awns (8-)10-22 mm long, flexuous;
<emphasis id="FB301390D996B3C5BBC2C2B90561ECC1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">paleas</emphasis>
3.5-5 mm long, narrow lanceolate, purple, scaberulous, apex acuminate;
<emphasis id="BBE673BE00AAADC3CC23344CB4F1901C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">anthers</emphasis>
1.7-2.3 mm long, reddish-purple.
<emphasis id="D8AF1C25DC8634C16966A5388275F526" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caryopses</emphasis>
2-3.5 mm long, fusiform, brownish. 2
<emphasis id="07D891CF65BA797BF6C47A6DEB5687F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 40, 44.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="291B8A6C0FA2017B60CE26EF939CF8A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D4087A198DAD1F7A2E72E2CC8F526E88" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B14DC1FB499A2B3C0FCEE63A720ACCDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="790D030E4B869D92A4227B5F56305A0D" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia rigida" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="A78AA03F7E54DCF39BC5D239DE23E47D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges from Arizona, New Mexico, and southwestern Texas, throughout
<normalizedToken id="44E2B6A5B3AC042D74A03C23770F67CD" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, Guatemala, and Honduras to South America where it occurs along the Andes from Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, and Argentina (
<bibRefCitation id="988C815F55E21F83073A6073DCDDB19C" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 255" refId="B34" refString="Peterson, PM, Soreng, RJ, Davidse, G, Filgueiras, TS, Zuloaga, FO, Judziewicz, EJ, 2001. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): II. subfamily Chloridoideae. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 41: 1 - 255" title="Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): II. subfamily Chloridoideae." volume="41" year="2001">Peterson et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41200792FFD5ED9ACB7E6E8C77EF03EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="747925751339890EB0F2B64E4AB12DB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F1B2E5B3B3B7265D975A55B9F8AC3158" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species occurs on rocky slopes, ravines, and sandy, gravelly slopes derived from granitic and calcareous substrates associated with
<taxonomicName id="B1BB252BE5DEF3E1B5624881F29B4D0F" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3C44FC6EC8AE26C593BB4EE5E24EF467" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2318FA767C224347BE30B565965D50F0" class="Liliopsida" family="Agavaceae" genus="Agave" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agave" order="Agavales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DF8C16C29DA4A75AEFFD777854B74ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B04C7C3631A5AEB9A4D6727C1D0E56F6" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aristida" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1311E3A6D495B654B65DE9DCB599C5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aristida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4ED91C0422B8985EB66C606C7B031926" lsidName="A. adscensionis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="adscensionis">
<emphasis id="9233482CDE832EB949380DBB902F6FE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. adscensionis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7E2F4EED78912440BF31E3ED6BD93902" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cactaceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis" order="Cactales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EE24D92BBA64411A6BC43FA91A55FD00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Baccharis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C89E25ADBE768C3BC91B6134FB1A6147" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Berberis" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5AED682C20968D3608C339070FD30B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Berberis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="07B069EBAC758F5F1EB1D4F5CDC62C61" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens" order="Campanulales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F27B762499598DD7596EB033590211D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A7B8EF9C58AA6CFEB5EAF57A3F01EB43" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bouteloua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bouteloua curtipendula" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="curtipendula">
<emphasis id="F406604832A96A7D40479588C8BE88B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bouteloua curtipendula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Michx.) Torr.,
<taxonomicName id="1360A74C66829D6266E085EAFE730E78" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="828DEE132D3A190DA79FF9C853505C28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caesalpinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D51ED576414FC4556E5BAA0E7BCA517B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Colletia" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Colletia spinosissima" order="Rhamnales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="spinosissima">
<emphasis id="1738CC3F5D42FDF3F5B1514D27FD0096" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colletia spinosissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5AAD5018169637ABEEAE101ED82F25A3" authorityName="Pilg. &amp; Bot.Jahrb.Syst" authorityYear="1906" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cortaderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cortaderia bifida" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="bifida">
<emphasis id="026FDD499E1847C10C95E21B1260BD84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cortaderia bifida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="62F06855B9A72D9F8E2D9FB8173C1467" lsidName="C. jubata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jubata">
<emphasis id="F310050DBD5F8BCE8929F3D8149345DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. jubata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0D0F539423BE3634AD1F351E09C4AFB5" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Desmodium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0C602E0BB3590CCCD0923B3BD98D2F9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Desmodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="401BC1034A04F12BFAA4BA43A1271C89" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dodonaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dodonaea viscosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="viscosa">
<emphasis id="F71C1FEFD4E5FA670BEEA206DE7C62FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dodonaea viscosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="73DDCF1C998DDF0CA3E92A7BCA34E340" class="Ginkgoopsida" family="Ephedraceae" genus="Ephedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ephedra" order="Ephedrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ginkgophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D2E76ACA454DA1E8C83C545E79B4D2F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ephedra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C95FD05539B6DE0585C8107CDCB2AA36" class="Equisetopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eragrostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eragrostis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5CA99706EB17EEF27BD356421C89987A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eragrostis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F3CA1CAF484D3C9A9EF0C5A11669645A" genus="Eucalyptis" lsidName="Eucalyptis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F58AC996D472DF6B06A20EBECE23D243" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eucalyptis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8C8847C43A4A30240AD163943FD3B666" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatorium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eupatorium" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="80C8770918C53CE6850956E8A6776E72" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eupatorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0F4616522613410E25ECD63AB3268835" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FFBF210A5E5FECCABF3A7EEF5D77627" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Festuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5BDBEF5293CA62C14DEB0D19F0DFCB3A" authorityName="Waren &amp; Bouchet" authorityYear="1993" class="Gastropoda" family="Skeneidae" genus="Fucaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fucaria" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="417FA768B9428B39789E55BB382B2CDD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fucaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9233F459EBD21B0FC98E6EDBEA5CA0B2" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Hypericum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hypericum" order="Guttiferales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F569E72D323E5708F0A520EC170718D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hypericum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2CA30A663390DC47F3A4758DF4554F29" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Jarava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Jarava" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F102EEA8A2C0657A26B39CCEF8B3E50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Jarava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="582436A0759EF947536BD860945ABF13" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Krameriaceae" genus="Krameria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Krameria" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D688EE7CEAB397932A5564BA06D9A39F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Krameria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1D50E4B217F3B74DD41CBE1955B2D674" class="Equisetopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Lepechinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepechinia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E47C03248A9D1E3986913DDEF0147462" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lepechinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F81EF6C27FBDF54ECC7B216F833403F4" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lupinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lupinus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2F5C49942FCA4E2D8AC05125D76D085A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lupinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FFBFE12EB7EAAD14FEA9D6FD0D0799CC" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycium" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7D31918D437C39E3A4B392A2DF802B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BB1D8E975CA1367927A2829102544162" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Melinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melinus minutiflora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutiflora">
<emphasis id="4FDBE0A9F875BC3E4436EE2DC7CEEABE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Melinus minutiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="61E8C0880C418DB0C4B41F2169AEFEC7" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Nyctaginaceae" genus="Mirabilis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mirabilis" order="Centrospermae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31CD5AD8D325B1681D0C4000E052D09C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F8E37C91C418A54B4F578A74422A9816" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Opuntia" order="Cactales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4811DF5D2E24F91D756D1BF894E221C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Opuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="491600760786520431E427DD753E1FDA" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Paspalum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paspalum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3B4B023079A062E81D40CDE7FF7F4203" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paspalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B60794B5D4B3F646CA797A49C14365BE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus clandestinus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="clandestinus">
<emphasis id="133DBAB292231A68D552807800D748F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cenchrus clandestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="799433CD487381919D8A2D4BC80F4B95" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Piperaceae" genus="Peperomia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Peperomia" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3ECC27BA728DA08F78455764EFCCCB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peperomia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1E395D1FA0DD0526E9D2A58F37FEFA56" authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Puya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Puya" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D2D72214D64379B59C3B45DAA121906D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Puya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="44AF348C68AEA6EC80056750A5F3B441" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C502245A217464E0CEFCFB82328A9F97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salvia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8422F3B0FB4D5DAB3F14798DBECE59B7" class="Dicotyledones" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schinus molle" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="molle">
<emphasis id="9A83DE790041BDE822C33C68FABC492C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schinus molle</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5F9B814EFFBAC58DAB82E04905C96A98" class="Equisetopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Schizachyrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizachyrium" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8A8ED142E9A9D1862DF7BBF9E81F5D0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schizachyrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7711B0CADEE4939DB0B07315D9404EE5" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sporobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sporobolus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3469D3AF3F8D56BD93395E46139C2001" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sporobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="65EED1646174F1F283AC08F0C3E8B60C" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tillandsia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="700838EA56A45773DE1B2D247D283F49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tillandsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="D2E205A6D163BF1A87FD6B637A53512F" class="Rosopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Trichocereus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trichocereus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5FBE0476F3E23D6737379F5A5E194521" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Trichocereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2000-3650 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="910B06C6A15618BDE5DE337DE98EECBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph id="D0AD8F3D869326D5A93B8CEA4A783D3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7CB885D45980F12332F59F67A48F18C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species is highly variable and is one of the most common upland bunchgrasses forming almost pure stands in northern
<normalizedToken id="F67C05C83086DFE54B00CD17FAAB3AA0" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, less common in Peru and South America where it is usually found in smaller populations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA6D8B85A3A84544069AED24E6F82835" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Molecular DNA sequence analysis indicates
<taxonomicName id="69555F08EABDB22F0926EA27A3D70320" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. rigida" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="F4E560377B4A5F1933133B77C129CF5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lies within
<taxonomicName id="385246264AFC53F234E3AA61F112A8D6" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia (Trichochloa) subsp. subg." order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trichochloa">Muhlenbergia subg. Trichochloa</taxonomicName>
and genetically is highly variable (
<bibRefCitation id="241DCA6F0F09745D3EA550C3B99A1AF4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1532 - 1554" refId="B38" refString="Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Johnson, G, 2010b. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 97 (9): 1532 - 1554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" title="A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" volume="97" year="2010 b">Peterson et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="64292214368D60AC96AC4D608662D38B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12805" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="621 - 629" refId="B41" refString="Peterson, PM, Roquet, C, Romaschenko, K, Herrera Arrieta, Y, Susanna, A, 2021. A biogeographical analysis of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 60 (3): 621 - 629, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12805" title="A biogeographical analysis of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12805" volume="60" year="2021">Peterson et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8DE0EF06BF3CDD84708771C62F260A1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C8A8F18BD118533472272E83B797AA50" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F01B7A932CDCD2C05D99EF592FF2B9A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Guatemala.
<emphasis id="D5D9A98F3DB0D65A6C7C4647A4E95098" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Huehuetenango</emphasis>
: upper and off canyon near Huehuetenango,
<emphasis id="8D1E192FFBE1075A37E697213BA57168" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A.A. Beetle 6</emphasis>
(MEXU). Honduras.
<emphasis id="234CF007F0EF4E70588C64D853A05AD7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Francisco
<normalizedToken id="825D8836C5B58D8505922BFDF68444EE" originalValue="Morazán">Morazan</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: along road
<quantity id="8AB0A75CA70AB399C933046622D66B28" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
W of Mateo,
<emphasis id="A3D44419BA699704DA34BF9329831C60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R.W. Pohl 12737</emphasis>
(CR). Mexico.
<emphasis id="E91CC2C5DE3D1AEA34B33933FF5922A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chiapas</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="876098B3A094BFECBC0C33F93FB22A4C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ococingo</emphasis>
: a
<quantity id="061C0ADF7AED2B05ABB51D58F60B035E" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
al S de Ejido
<normalizedToken id="4749C49EA7C86CFCE1E66DE912E041B6" originalValue="Benemérito">Benemerito</normalizedToken>
de las
<normalizedToken id="BC91C166369920A7F903DDFEE4E8942F" originalValue="Américas">Americas</normalizedToken>
camino a Flor de Cacao,
<emphasis id="11A4A795D0540CCE607B55546A9388A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
E.
<normalizedToken id="EA585D2D0BCCEBEC61BC62C97957BE2C" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
10785
</emphasis>
(ENCB); Arroyo del Rancho Pellizzi, al E de San
<normalizedToken id="A383A099053A98B5356434A30418EBC2" originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="142D31EC2CE47FC926656515DC4C0056" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A.
<normalizedToken id="007DEA5D178CF4857E97B200CA9FBDEB" originalValue="Méndez">Mendez</normalizedToken>
9158
</emphasis>
(CIIDIR, MEXU).
<emphasis id="632847341CCD9CA8F590E791A78A6A5F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry id="83E38144635EE5EE9425B2B228497884" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis">
San
<normalizedToken id="952D509942859A1A8934FD15802A264C" originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
</collectingCountry>
de las Casas
</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="F4B8B43FAB124B68A56D7358977BEDEC" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
E of San
<normalizedToken id="FFE014EEF5A4A8C421C3742C542B9664" originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
de las Casas, along the road to Zontehuitz,
<emphasis id="C76C6506EA41DCF83E144F6ECD485219" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D.E. Breedlove 11155</emphasis>
(ENCB); NE edge of San Cristobal de las Casas,
<emphasis id="A674F42F9FC9C90778E1BA19166C44B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D.E. Breedlove 53858</emphasis>
(NY); Northeast edge of San
<normalizedToken id="B9F692F6912B3EF511DE048BE492FCBB" originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
Las Casas,
<emphasis id="FE1282C4EC81E495B8E2C83AB438FBE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D.E. Breedlove &amp; G. Davidse 54745</emphasis>
(CAS, MO); East side of San
<normalizedToken id="8691A2EF74B609A58E5DCDD81EB70AE4" originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
Las Casas,
<emphasis id="EF6CDEA02CAAC67958F6498E95DEBC28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D.E. Breedlove &amp; G. Davidse 52327</emphasis>
(CAS, MO).
<emphasis id="20407DF8D08FA69C526221F712D9374A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">San Fernando</emphasis>
: Sobre cerro ubicado al E de la
<normalizedToken id="76A404CF39E5FE915B528A4DDB110760" originalValue="subestación">subestacion</normalizedToken>
de CFE, entrada por la zona de
<normalizedToken id="3D110A124ED4637A2122B632A90AFEB6" originalValue="extración">extracion</normalizedToken>
de arena, carretera Tuxtla-San Fernando,
<emphasis id="6C90F5CFE0E2EA0CEE7603CC22DB03E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A.
<normalizedToken id="78BE5EF4215198DACD477F62D1857F55" originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
C. 1359
</emphasis>
(HEM, MO).
<emphasis id="BE2298804D26B90B55715998DD7942DD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tenejapa</emphasis>
: barrio of Yashanal, paraje of Mastab, steep slope along the river of Chik
<normalizedToken id="ADCE85E87110BAC4E0721BE610082C07" originalValue="Ha">Ha'</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="627AB8BB05CF7754F3EFFFD564DE5C82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D.E. Breedlove 11125</emphasis>
(ENCB).
<emphasis id="E3437795A1170B09CF713D68B02ED652" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Teopisca</emphasis>
: about
<quantity id="CFE2371A3E8D8CC6F8E18165605A1450" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.414016" unit="mi" value="15.0">15 mi</quantity>
SE of Teopsca on a heavily grazed slope,
<emphasis id="384476876EBB3AF4A9BEBFD6E36723C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.R. Reeder &amp; C.G. Reeder 2029</emphasis>
(ENCB); S edge of Teopisca,
<emphasis id="255440906C2D111542333E8003E4FBCC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D.E. Breedlove &amp; P.H. Raven 13097</emphasis>
(ENCB).
<emphasis id="B9F1BFC47FDB1AAC1B3DCE5AE1D22DB1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zinacantan</emphasis>
: near paraje Nachij,
<emphasis id="336A9F05BF9F9333E99ADDEF003E2774" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D.E. Breedlove 54703</emphasis>
(NY).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>