466 lines
56 KiB
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466 lines
56 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3D471E664D1355D6F30B721C57829FC2">Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae Diplotaxini) from the Chacoan Province and its boundaries: taxonomic overview with four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="75A246C8098C83066EED1825F15FB593">Cherman, Mariana Alejandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D0F158E108254AC8E8541536C1EB788E">Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060 - 900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="82075F4C0032507F9541716288E432A0">Basílio, Daniel Silva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2BEA2379E451B9D7C46B8130DB24BEFA">Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & basilio. dsb @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3556 - 5880</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="84C23A40C97BCC2617A871CD3F9C66EC" type="email">basilio.dsb@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B73618C4B8ECE328945EFB5AB6F219AB">Mise, Kleber Makoto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="53C10A9BA3D57DFDA6995396020C0C31">Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & klebermise @ yahoo. com. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4391 - 9589</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EEEB2639ECF1B6AA10648943B26F22E5" type="email">klebermise@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F37EB5671E7CF587ADD0CA4376E92996">Frisch, Johannes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2B0FEA3F5C88E492245B89134A869467">Almeida, Lúcia Massutti De</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6BBF1903FE39FAC8" bold="true" box="[151,403,1370,1397]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Liogenys bidenticeps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6AB21902FD9BFAC9" author="Moser, J." box="[410,561,1370,1397]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="3 - 64" refId="ref36817" refString="Moser, J. (1919) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Melolonthiden (Col.). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 80, 3 - 64." type="journal article" year="1919">Moser, 1919</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="DDD5F3F5EC065A7F6BBF1927FF70FA24" box="[151,218,1406,1433]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[171,1416,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Liogenys ophtalmica Frey, 1973 male holotype views: A) dorsal, C) labels, E) head dorsal, H) head ventral; male paratype views: B) dorsal, D) labels, F) head dorsal, G) head lateral, I) head ventral, J) detail of antenna with accessorial appendix, K) lateral, and parameres views: L) dorsal, M) lateral. Abbreviations:AAP: accessorial appendix of antenna, ANT: funicle and club of antenna, CLP: clypeus, EY: eye, LBR: labrum, SCP: scape of antenna, PLP: maxillary palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561260/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC065A7F6BBF199DFDB4FA66" authority="Moser, 1919: 13" authorityName="Moser" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,542,1475,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidenticeps">
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<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6BBF199DFEC7FA66" box="[151,365,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Liogenys bidenticeps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6A5C199AFDB4FA66" author="Moser, J." box="[372,542,1475,1499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="3 - 64" refId="ref36817" refString="Moser, J. (1919) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Melolonthiden (Col.). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 80, 3 - 64." type="journal article" year="1919">Moser, 1919: 13</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F6901199AFCB0FA66" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[553,794,1475,1499]" page="227" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1944">
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<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6901199AFCB0FA66" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[553,794,1475,1499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref35043" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1944) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America, part 2. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 185, 189 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185.2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 227</bibRefCitation>
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; (checklist),
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<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F68B5199AFB87FA66" author="Frey, G." box="[925,1069,1475,1499]" page="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1969">
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<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F68B5199AFB87FA66" author="Frey, G." box="[925,1069,1475,1499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="38 - 64" refId="ref36163" refString="Frey, G. (1969) Bestimmungstabelle und revision der gattung Liogenys Guerrez (Coleoptera-Melolonthinae-Macrodactylini). Entomologische Arbeiten Aus Dem Museum G. Frey, 20, 38 - 64." type="journal article" year="1969">Frey 1969: 43</bibRefCitation>
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(key);
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<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F6F50199AFA89FA66" author="Evans, A. V." box="[1144,1315,1475,1499]" page="207" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6F50199AFA89FA66" author="Evans, A. V." box="[1144,1315,1475,1499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 458" refId="ref35927" refString="Evans, A. V. (2003) A checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Zootaxa, 211 (1), 1 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 211.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Evans 2003: 207</bibRefCitation>
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(checklist);
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<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F6BEF19BBFE64FA44" author="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T." box="[199,462,1505,1530]" page="175" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6BEF19BBFE64FA44" author="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T." box="[199,462,1505,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref35974" refString="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T. (2009) An electronic checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolon- thinae). Version 3. Available from: http: // unsm-ento. unl. edu / SSSA / nwmelos. htm (accessed 4 January 2021)" type="url" year="2009">Evans & Smith 2009: 175</bibRefCitation>
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(checklist);
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<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F696519BBFCE4FA47" author="Cherman, M. A. & Guedes, J. V. C. & Moron, M. A. & Dal Pra, E. & Perini, C. R. & Jung, A. H." box="[589,846,1506,1530]" page="620" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F696519BBFCE4FA47" author="Cherman, M. A. & Guedes, J. V. C. & Moron, M. A. & Dal Pra, E. & Perini, C. R. & Jung, A. H." box="[589,846,1506,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="618 - 620" refId="ref35238" refString="Cherman, M. A., Guedes, J. V. C., Moron, M. A., Dal Pra, E., Perini, C. R. & Jung, A. H. (2011) First record of species of Liogenys (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) associated with winter crops in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 55, 618 - 620. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262011005000052" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Cherman
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<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F699819BBFD77FA47" box="[688,733,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011: 620
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(immatures key);
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<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F6F2019BBFB6BFA47" author="Krajcik, M." box="[1032,1217,1506,1530]" page="144" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2012">
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<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6F2019BBFB6BFA47" author="Krajcik, M." box="[1032,1217,1506,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref36405" refString="Krajcik, M. (2012) Checklist of the world Scarabaeoidea. 5 th Edition. Animma. x, Plzen, 278 pp." type="book" year="2012">Krajčík 2012: 144</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(checklist);
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<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F6E1719BBFECCF9A5" author="Cherman, M. A. & Guedes, J. V. C. & Moron, M. A. & Dal Pra, E. & Bigolin, M." page="273" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2013">
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<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6E1719BBFECCF9A5" author="Cherman, M. A. & Guedes, J. V. C. & Moron, M. A. & Dal Pra, E. & Bigolin, M." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="271 - 278" refId="ref35331" refString="Cherman, M. A., Guedes, J. V. C., Moron, M. A., Dal Pra, E. & Bigolin, M. (2013) White grubs (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) in the " Planalto Region ", Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil: key for identification, species richness and distribution. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 57, 271 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262013000300005" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Cherman
|
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<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6BEF1A58FF50F9A5" box="[199,250,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
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2013: 273
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 277 (natural history);
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<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F69631A59FCFFF9A5" author="Cherman, M. A. & Moron, M. A. & Dal Pra, E. & Valmorbida, I. & Guedes, J. V. C." box="[587,853,1536,1560]" page="285" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2014">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F69631A59FCFFF9A5" author="Cherman, M. A. & Moron, M. A. & Dal Pra, E. & Valmorbida, I. & Guedes, J. V. C." box="[587,853,1536,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="282 - 288" refId="ref35422" refString="Cherman, M. A., Moron, M. A., Dal Pra, E., Valmorbida, I. & Guedes, J. V. C. (2014 a) Ecological characterization of white grubs (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) community in cultivated and noncultivated fields. Neotropical Entomology, 43, 282 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13744 - 014 - 0214 - 0" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Cherman
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F69861A58FD4AF9A5" box="[686,736,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014a: 285
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(natural history);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F6F231A59FAE2F9A5" author="Rodrigues, S. R. & Nogueira, G. A. de & Gomes, E. S." box="[1035,1352,1536,1560]" page="235" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2014">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6F231A59FAE2F9A5" author="Rodrigues, S. R. & Nogueira, G. A. de & Gomes, E. S." box="[1035,1352,1536,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="235 - 238" refId="ref37046" refString="Rodrigues, S. R., Nogueira, G. A. de L. & Gomes, E. S. (2014) Biological aspects of Liogenys bidenticeps Moser, 1919 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68, 235 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 68.2.235" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Rodrigues
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6F511A58FB01F9A5" box="[1145,1195,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014: 235–238
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(natural history);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F6A0B1A46FD8FF98A" author="Cherman, M. A. & Moron, M. A. & Almeida, L. M." box="[291,549,1567,1591]" page="759" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6A0B1A46FD8FF98A" author="Cherman, M. A. & Moron, M. A. & Almeida, L. M." box="[291,549,1567,1591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="744 - 770" refId="ref35581" refString="Cherman, M. A., Moron, M. A. & Almeida, L. M. (2016) Phylogenetic relationships within Diplotaxini Kirby (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae) with emphasis on Liogenys Guerin-Meneville. Systematic Entomology, 41, 744 - 770. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12188" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Cherman
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6AAE1A79FE10F98A" box="[390,442,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016: 759
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(systematics);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F69961A46FC19F98A" author="Cherman, M. A. & Mise, K. M. & Moron, M. A. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M." box="[702,947,1567,1591]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA0D5EDB4884DF72532E477BFF729407" page="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F69961A46FC19F98A" author="Cherman, M. A. & Mise, K. M. & Moron, M. A. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M." box="[702,947,1567,1591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref35643" refString="Cherman, M. A., Mise, K. M., Moron, M. A., Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M. (2017) A taxonomic revision of Liogenys occurring in Brazil with an interactive key and remarks on New World Diplotaxini (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae). ZooKeys, 699, 1 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 699.12031" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Cherman
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F680A1A79FCFFF98A" box="[802,853,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017: 26
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(redescription);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F6F741A46FA36F98A" author="Rodrigues, S. R. & Fuhrmann, J. & Gomes, E. S. & Amaro, R. A." box="[1116,1436,1567,1591]" page="339" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6F741A46FA36F98A" author="Rodrigues, S. R. & Fuhrmann, J. & Gomes, E. S. & Amaro, R. A." box="[1116,1436,1567,1591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="339 - 348" refId="ref37110" refString="Rodrigues, S. R., Fuhrmann, J., Gomes, E. S. & Amaro, R. A. (2017) Description of immatures and mating behavior of Liogenys bidenticeps Moser, 1919 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 61, 339 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rbe. 2017.07.006" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Rodrigues
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6FE31A79FB54F98A" box="[1227,1278,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017: 339–348
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(immatures description, adult natural history).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4551EF70EC065A7F6BBF1A04FB4FF92E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1475,1775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="65FEC85EEC065A7F6BBF1A04FB4FF92E" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F6BBF1A04FE51F9C9" author="Moser, J." box="[151,507,1628,1652]" page="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1919">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC065A7F6BBF1A04FE51F9C9" authority="Moser, 1919: 14" authorityName="Moser" authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,507,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6BBF1A04FEE6F9C9" box="[151,332,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Liogenys bicuspis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6A7A1A04FE51F9C9" author="Moser, J." box="[338,507,1628,1652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="3 - 64" refId="ref36817" refString="Moser, J. (1919) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Melolonthiden (Col.). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 80, 3 - 64." type="journal article" year="1919">Moser, 1919: 14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F692E1A05FD5FF9C9" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[518,757,1628,1652]" page="227" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1944">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F692E1A05FD5FF9C9" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[518,757,1628,1652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref35043" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1944) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America, part 2. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 185, 189 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185.2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 227</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; (checklist),
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F685F1A04FBAFF9C9" author="Frey, G." box="[887,1029,1628,1653]" page="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1969">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F685F1A04FBAFF9C9" author="Frey, G." box="[887,1029,1628,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="38 - 64" refId="ref36163" refString="Frey, G. (1969) Bestimmungstabelle und revision der gattung Liogenys Guerrez (Coleoptera-Melolonthinae-Macrodactylini). Entomologische Arbeiten Aus Dem Museum G. Frey, 20, 38 - 64." type="journal article" year="1969">Frey 1969: 43</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(key);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F6F671A04FB53F9C9" author="Evans, A. V." box="[1103,1273,1628,1652]" page="207" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6F671A04FB53F9C9" author="Evans, A. V." box="[1103,1273,1628,1652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 458" refId="ref35927" refString="Evans, A. V. (2003) A checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Zootaxa, 211 (1), 1 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 211.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Evans 2003: 207</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(checklist);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F6E501A04FE18F92E" author="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T." page="175" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6E501A04FE18F92E" author="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref35974" refString="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T. (2009) An electronic checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolon- thinae). Version 3. Available from: http: // unsm-ento. unl. edu / SSSA / nwmelos. htm (accessed 4 January 2021)" type="url" year="2009">Evans & Smith 2009: 175</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(checklist);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F69191A22FD43F92E" author="Krajcik, M." box="[561,745,1659,1683]" page="144" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F69191A22FD43F92E" author="Krajcik, M." box="[561,745,1659,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref36405" refString="Krajcik, M. (2012) Checklist of the world Scarabaeoidea. 5 th Edition. Animma. x, Plzen, 278 pp." type="book" year="2012">Krajčík 2012: 144</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(checklist);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F68401A22FBF7F92E" author="Cherman, M. A. & Mise, K. M. & Moron, M. A. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M." box="[872,1117,1659,1683]" page="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F68401A22FBF7F92E" author="Cherman, M. A. & Mise, K. M. & Moron, M. A. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M." box="[872,1117,1659,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref35643" refString="Cherman, M. A., Mise, K. M., Moron, M. A., Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M. (2017) A taxonomic revision of Liogenys occurring in Brazil with an interactive key and remarks on New World Diplotaxini (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae). ZooKeys, 699, 1 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 699.12031" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Cherman
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F68E31A25FC54F92E" box="[971,1022,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017: 26
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(synonymy).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4551EF70EC065A7F6BBF1AC3FEA1F96D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1475,1775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="65FEC85EEC065A7F6BBF1AC3FEA1F96D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F6BBF1AC3FD80F90C" author="Frey, G." box="[151,554,1689,1714]" page="256" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1973">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC065A7F6BBF1AC3FD80F90C" authority="Frey, 1973: 256" authorityName="Frey" authorityPageNumber="256" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,554,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophtalmicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6BBF1AC3FED2F90F" box="[151,376,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Liogenys ophtalmicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6AAA1AC3FD80F90C" author="Frey, G." box="[386,554,1689,1714]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="255 - 279" refId="ref36229" refString="Frey, G. (1973) Neue Macrodactylini (Col., Scarab., Melolonthinae). 20. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der s ʾ damerikanischen Melolonthiden. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 24, 255 - 279." type="journal article" year="1973">Frey, 1973: 256</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F69101AC3FD5DF90C" author="Krajcik, M." box="[568,759,1689,1714]" page="145" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F69101AC3FD5DF90C" author="Krajcik, M." box="[568,759,1689,1714]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref36405" refString="Krajcik, M. (2012) Checklist of the world Scarabaeoidea. 5 th Edition. Animma. x, Plzen, 278 pp." type="book" year="2012">Krajčík 2012: 145</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(checklist);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F68541AC3FBDBF90C" author="Cherman, M. A. & Mise, K. M. & Moron, M. A. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M." box="[892,1137,1689,1714]" page="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F68541AC3FBDBF90C" author="Cherman, M. A. & Mise, K. M. & Moron, M. A. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M." box="[892,1137,1689,1714]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref35643" refString="Cherman, M. A., Mise, K. M., Moron, M. A., Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M. (2017) A taxonomic revision of Liogenys occurring in Brazil with an interactive key and remarks on New World Diplotaxini (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae). ZooKeys, 699, 1 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 699.12031" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Cherman
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F68CA1AC3FBB2F90F" box="[994,1048,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017: 5
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(generic history).
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6E1E1AC3FEA1F96D" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">New synonym.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4551EF70EC065A7F6BBF1A81FBFEF952" blockId="3.[151,1437,1475,1775]" box="[151,1108,1751,1775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="65FEC85EEC065A7F6BBF1A81FBFEF952" box="[151,1108,1751,1775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC065A7F6BBF1A81FEC1F952" authorityName="Frey" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,363,1751,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opthalmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6BBF1A81FEC1F952" box="[151,363,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Liogenys opthalmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic]:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F6A841A8EFDFCF952" author="Evans, A. V." box="[428,598,1751,1775]" page="212" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F6A841A8EFDFCF952" author="Evans, A. V." box="[428,598,1751,1775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 458" refId="ref35927" refString="Evans, A. V. (2003) A checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Zootaxa, 211 (1), 1 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 211.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Evans 2003: 212</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(checklist);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C44FC961EC065A7F69FD1A8EFC76F952" author="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T." box="[725,988,1751,1775]" page="180" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F69FD1A8EFC76F952" author="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T." box="[725,988,1751,1775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref35974" refString="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T. (2009) An electronic checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolon- thinae). Version 3. Available from: http: // unsm-ento. unl. edu / SSSA / nwmelos. htm (accessed 4 January 2021)" type="url" year="2009">Evans & Smith 2009: 180</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(checklist).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0DF4BCFBEC065A796BBF1B44FC16FF68" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="4551EF70EC065A7F6BBF1B44FB75F8E6" blockId="3.[151,1436,1821,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6BBF1B44FE95F88A" bold="true" box="[151,319,1821,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
. Types of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC065A7F6A9F1B47FD0FF88A" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1919" box="[439,677,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidenticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6A9F1B47FD0FF88A" box="[439,677,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Liogenys bidenticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male
|
||
<typeStatus id="9A5551D2EC065A7F69DC1B44FCF1F88A" box="[756,859,1821,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and three
|
||
<typeStatus id="9A5551D2EC065A7F68FB1B44FBD2F88A" box="[979,1144,1821,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="23FF77B5EC065A7F6FAD1B47FB72F885" box="[1157,1240,1822,1848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ZMHB</collectionCode>
|
||
) and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC065A7F6E1F1B47FF59F8E6" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6E1F1B47FF59F8E6" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Liogenys bicuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male
|
||
<typeStatus id="9A5551D2EC065A7F6A691B18FE02F8E6" box="[321,424,1857,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and one
|
||
<typeStatus id="9A5551D2EC065A7F69251B18FD02F8E6" box="[525,680,1857,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="23FF77B5EC065A7F699B1B1BFCACF8E1" box="[691,774,1858,1884]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ZMHB</collectionCode>
|
||
) were discussed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F68C91B18FB71F8E6" author="Cherman, M. A. & Mise, K. M. & Moron, M. A. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M." box="[993,1243,1857,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref35643" refString="Cherman, M. A., Mise, K. M., Moron, M. A., Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M. (2017) A taxonomic revision of Liogenys occurring in Brazil with an interactive key and remarks on New World Diplotaxini (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae). ZooKeys, 699, 1 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 699.12031" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Cherman
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6F661B1BFB2CF8E6" box="[1102,1158,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4551EF70EC065A796BEF1B3FFC16FF68" blockId="3.[151,1436,1821,2028]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,150,753]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC065A7F6BEF1B3FFE14F8C2" authorityName="Frey" authorityYear="1973" box="[199,446,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophtalmicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC065A7F6BEF1B3FFE14F8C2" box="[199,446,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Liogenys ophtalmicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male
|
||
<typeStatus id="9A5551D2EC065A7F692F1B3CFDC3F8C2" box="[519,617,1893,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="23FF77B5EC065A7F69511B3CFD6FF8C2" box="[633,709,1893,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">CASC</collectionCode>
|
||
) bearing the labels: [white typeset] “Ipane River /
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC065A7F6E271B3CFAF3F8C2" box="[1295,1369,1893,1919]" country="Argentina" name="Chaco" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chaco</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Par / A. Schulze”, [white typeset] “L.W. Saylor / Collection”, [white, typeset and handwritten] “
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC065A7F6F8C1BD0FAB3F81E" box="[1188,1305,1929,1955]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Academy / of Sciences / Type / No. 11816”, [red, typeset and handwritten] “Type / G.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC065A7F68DA1BF7FBCCF87A" author="Frey, G." box="[1010,1126,1965,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="255 - 279" refId="ref36229" refString="Frey, G. (1973) Neue Macrodactylini (Col., Scarab., Melolonthinae). 20. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der s ʾ damerikanischen Melolonthiden. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 24, 255 - 279." type="journal article" year="1973">Frey 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC065A7F6F571BF4FB4DF87A" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1831" box="[1151,1255,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liogenys</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ ophtalmicus”, genitalia mounted.
|
||
<typeStatus id="9A5551D2EC065A7F6A471B8BFE76F851" box="[367,476,2002,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(1) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="23FF77B5EC065A7F693A1B88FDC3F856" box="[530,617,2001,2027]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1d5a-4efs" name="Natural History Museum Bucharest" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">NHMB</collectionCode>
|
||
) with the labels: [white typeset] “Ipane River /
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC065A7F6F561B88FB62F856" box="[1150,1224,2001,2027]" country="Argentina" name="Chaco" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chaco</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Par / A. Schulze”, [white typeset] “L.W. Saylor / Collection”, [white, red typeset] “Leech”, [red, typeset and handwritten] “
|
||
<typeStatus id="9A5551D2EC005A796E001CCEFA27FF0C" box="[1320,1421,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
/ G.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC005A796B911CE2FE86FF68" author="Frey, G." box="[185,300,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="255 - 279" refId="ref36229" refString="Frey, G. (1973) Neue Macrodactylini (Col., Scarab., Melolonthinae). 20. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der s ʾ damerikanischen Melolonthiden. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 24, 255 - 279." type="journal article" year="1973">Frey 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC005A796A6A1CE2FE00FF68" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1831" box="[322,426,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liogenys</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ ophtalmicus / male”, “♂”, genitalia mounted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="1191BFF8EC015A786BBF1B3AFB1EF85A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561260" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4561260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561260/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[151,250,1891,1915]" targetBox="[171,1416,181,1867]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="4551EF70EC015A786BBF1B3AFB1EF85A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1891,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC015A786BBF1B3AFEBEF8C6" bold="true" box="[151,276,1891,1915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC015A786A321B3DFDC9F8C6" authority="Frey, 1973" authorityName="Frey" authorityYear="1973" box="[282,611,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophtalmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC015A786A321B3DFE45F8C6" box="[282,495,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Liogenys ophtalmica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC015A786ADE1B3AFDC9F8C6" author="Frey, G." box="[502,611,1891,1915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="255 - 279" refId="ref36229" refString="Frey, G. (1973) Neue Macrodactylini (Col., Scarab., Melolonthinae). 20. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der s ʾ damerikanischen Melolonthiden. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 24, 255 - 279." type="journal article" year="1973">Frey, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male holotype views: A) dorsal, C) labels, E) head dorsal, H) head ventral; male paratype views: B) dorsal, D) labels, F) head dorsal, G) head lateral, I) head ventral, J) detail of antenna with accessorial appendix, K) lateral, and parameres views: L) dorsal, M) lateral. Abbreviations: AAP: accessorial appendix of antenna, ANT: funicle and club of antenna, CLP: clypeus, EY: eye, LBR: labrum, SCP: scape of antenna, PLP: maxillary palp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0DF4BCFBEC005A796BEF1C87FCFAFF44" box="[199,848,222,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="4551EF70EC005A796BEF1C87FCFAFF44" blockId="5.[151,1436,150,753]" box="[199,848,222,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC005A796BEF1C87FDB9FF45" bold="true" box="[199,531,222,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis and redescription</emphasis>
|
||
. See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC005A7969791C86FCE6FF44" author="Cherman, M. A. & Mise, K. M. & Moron, M. A. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M." box="[593,844,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref35643" refString="Cherman, M. A., Mise, K. M., Moron, M. A., Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M. (2017) A taxonomic revision of Liogenys occurring in Brazil with an interactive key and remarks on New World Diplotaxini (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae). ZooKeys, 699, 1 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 699.12031" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Cherman
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC005A7969971C86FD5DFF44" box="[703,759,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0DF4BCFBEC005A796BEF1D5AFF5AFE10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="4551EF70EC005A796BEF1D5AFAF3FEFC" blockId="5.[151,1436,150,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC005A796BEF1D5AFEF5FEA1" bold="true" box="[199,351,258,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<typeStatus id="9A5551D2EC005A796BEF1D5AFEA8FEA0" box="[199,258,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC005A796A441D5AFDF2FEA0" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1919" box="[364,600,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidenticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC005A796A441D5AFDF2FEA0" box="[364,600,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Liogenys bidenticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3DF9AFE0EC005A79694D1D5AFD67FEA0" box="[613,717,259,285]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
, S„o Paulo;
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC005A79687E1D5AFC72FEA0" box="[854,984,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC005A79687E1D5AFC78FEA0" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1919" box="[854,978,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicuspis">L. bicuspis</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3DF9AFE0EC005A7968F61D5AFBECFEA0" box="[990,1094,259,285]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Cuiabá,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC005A796F851D5AFAE8FEA0" box="[1197,1346,259,285]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC005A796E641D5AFF5CFEFC" authorityName="Frey" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophtalmicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC005A796E641D5AFF5CFEFC" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. ophtalmicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3DF9AFE0EC005A796A2D1D7EFE31FEFC" box="[261,411,295,321]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Chaco, Río Ypané [natural border between
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC005A7968A21D7EFBBAFEFC" box="[906,1040,295,321]" country="Paraguay" name="Concepcion" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Concepción</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC005A796F6E1D7EFB12FEFC" box="[1094,1208,295,321]" country="Paraguay" name="San Pedro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">San Pedro</collectingRegion>
|
||
departments].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4551EF70EC005A796BEF1D13FF5AFE10" blockId="5.[151,1436,150,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC005A796BEF1D13FDA9FED9" bold="true" box="[199,515,330,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F586E52DEC005A79693D1D12FEEFFE37" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3047558461" country="Brazil" location="Mato Grosso" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3DF9AFE0EC005A79693D1D12FDD3FED8" box="[533,633,331,357]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC005A7969A41D12FC8DFED8" box="[652,807,331,357]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC005A79681F1D12FB83FED8" box="[823,1065,331,357]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC005A796F111D12FBD7FED8" box="[1081,1149,331,357]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, S„o Paulo,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC005A796E3D1D12FACEFED8" box="[1301,1380,331,357]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC005A796E5C1D12FE96FE37" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F586E52DEC005A796A781D36FCC8FE34" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3047558337" box="[336,866,366,393]" country="Paraguay" location="Concepcion" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Concepcion">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3DF9AFE0EC005A796A781D36FE4FFE34" box="[336,485,367,393]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC005A796ADD1D37FD2BFE34" bold="true" box="[501,641,366,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC005A796ADD1D37FD2BFE34" box="[501,641,366,393]" country="Paraguay" name="Concepcion" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Concepción</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC005A7969A71D36FCAEFE34" box="[655,772,367,393]" country="Paraguay" name="San Pedro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">San Pedro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC005A7968271D36FCF0FE34" box="[783,858,367,393]" country="Paraguay" name="Itapua" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Itapúa</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F586E52DEC005A7968431D36FF46FE10" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3047558361" country="Argentina" location="Formosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Formosa">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3DF9AFE0EC005A7968431D36FBA7FE34" box="[875,1037,367,393]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC005A796F331D36FB28FE34" box="[1051,1154,367,393]" country="Argentina" name="Formosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Formosa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC005A796FA41D36FAADFE34" box="[1164,1287,367,393]" country="Argentina" name="Catamarca" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Catamarca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="872A2192EC005A796E391D36FF4EFE10" country="Argentina" name="Santiago del Estero" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Santiago del Estero</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0DF4BCFBEC005A796BEF1DEEFCC8FD4C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4551EF70EC005A796BEF1DEEFCC8FD4C" blockId="5.[151,1436,150,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC005A796BEF1DEEFE91FE6C" bold="true" box="[199,315,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="9A5551D2EC005A796A5D1DEEFE7DFE6C" box="[373,471,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="9A5551D2EC005A7969251DEEFDC7FE6C" box="[525,621,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC005A7969BB1DEEFC84FE6C" authorityName="Frey" authorityYear="1973" box="[659,814,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophtalmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC005A7969BB1DEEFC84FE6C" box="[659,814,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. ophtalmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at CASC and NHMB, respectively, were studied.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F9281EC005A796E411DEEFF48FE48" author="Frey, G." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="255 - 279" refId="ref36229" refString="Frey, G. (1973) Neue Macrodactylini (Col., Scarab., Melolonthinae). 20. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der s ʾ damerikanischen Melolonthiden. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 24, 255 - 279." type="journal article" year="1973">Frey (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated and drew the “extraordinary shape of the head” and the “eyes exceedingly large, with distance between them less than one half the diameter of the eye”, and we verified these features on both type specimens. Surprisingly, the author did not recognize that the two type specimens, from the same collection event, bear a teratologic head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DDD5F3F5EC005A796B881E1EFF77FDDC" box="[160,221,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[171,1416,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Liogenys ophtalmica Frey, 1973 male holotype views: A) dorsal, C) labels, E) head dorsal, H) head ventral; male paratype views: B) dorsal, D) labels, F) head dorsal, G) head lateral, I) head ventral, J) detail of antenna with accessorial appendix, K) lateral, and parameres views: L) dorsal, M) lateral. Abbreviations:AAP: accessorial appendix of antenna, ANT: funicle and club of antenna, CLP: clypeus, EY: eye, LBR: labrum, SCP: scape of antenna, PLP: maxillary palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B). In the case of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9A5551D2EC005A796AD81E1EFDFFFDDC" box="[496,597,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the canthus is absent, so the insertion of the antennae is exposed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DDD5F3F5EC005A796E1E1E1EFA24FDDC" box="[1334,1422,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[171,1416,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Liogenys ophtalmica Frey, 1973 male holotype views: A) dorsal, C) labels, E) head dorsal, H) head ventral; male paratype views: B) dorsal, D) labels, F) head dorsal, G) head lateral, I) head ventral, J) detail of antenna with accessorial appendix, K) lateral, and parameres views: L) dorsal, M) lateral. Abbreviations:AAP: accessorial appendix of antenna, ANT: funicle and club of antenna, CLP: clypeus, EY: eye, LBR: labrum, SCP: scape of antenna, PLP: maxillary palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9A5551D2EC005A796BF71E32FEE8FD38" box="[223,322,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, a palp-like flagellum grew from the scape of the right antennae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DDD5F3F5EC005A796F0B1E32FB3FFD38" box="[1059,1173,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[171,1416,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Liogenys ophtalmica Frey, 1973 male holotype views: A) dorsal, C) labels, E) head dorsal, H) head ventral; male paratype views: B) dorsal, D) labels, F) head dorsal, G) head lateral, I) head ventral, J) detail of antenna with accessorial appendix, K) lateral, and parameres views: L) dorsal, M) lateral. Abbreviations:AAP: accessorial appendix of antenna, ANT: funicle and club of antenna, CLP: clypeus, EY: eye, LBR: labrum, SCP: scape of antenna, PLP: maxillary palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1G, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Besides the abnormal head, most of external body features are not teratological, although the body is dorsoventrally flattened and the legs more slender than
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC005A796AB21EEAFD93FD70" box="[410,569,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC005A796A911EEAFD93FD70" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1919" box="[441,569,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidenticeps">bidenticeps</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. We conclude that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC005A7968251EEAFC00FD70" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1919" box="[781,938,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidenticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC005A7968251EEAFC00FD70" box="[781,938,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. bidenticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82EE94F3EC005A7968C81EEAFBD1FD70" authorityName="Frey" authorityYear="1973" box="[992,1147,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophtalmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="779A3362EC005A7968C81EEAFBD1FD70" box="[992,1147,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. ophtalmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are synonyms principally based on the parameres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DDD5F3F5EC005A796A851E8EFD80FD4C" box="[429,554,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[171,1416,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Liogenys ophtalmica Frey, 1973 male holotype views: A) dorsal, C) labels, E) head dorsal, H) head ventral; male paratype views: B) dorsal, D) labels, F) head dorsal, G) head lateral, I) head ventral, J) detail of antenna with accessorial appendix, K) lateral, and parameres views: L) dorsal, M) lateral. Abbreviations:AAP: accessorial appendix of antenna, ANT: funicle and club of antenna, CLP: clypeus, EY: eye, LBR: labrum, SCP: scape of antenna, PLP: maxillary palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
), which are an exact match.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |