277 lines
36 KiB
XML
277 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="62488" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30f0f54f-e5af-493f-b792-c1c661ef03bf" ID-PMC="PMC9849010" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ID-PubMed="36760991" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="CC61A39A90198CBAB0067CB716CAA036" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum forskalii Dunal, Hist. Nat. Solanum 237. 1813." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732649590965" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C54C595F79226FC80ABE2522152825D4">A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1D2DD630BE2A20C23F8A4B2B6C3EC6E">Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2DBBB38F8253394B98C7EFC36DAAE898">Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DD87192E58D80283D33AA597B7EB33CE">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EEDBA06D7D500890313639380C5AC50B">The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B755D67F70B62ADD3D5E5BBA9633B0B1">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="05B2FE05790584A8F65CA7FE3F377671">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EFABFE3F7767F12D778B8C6625CDC623">198</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A39430C38C6853A52BE7C6357D2DF1E3" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CC61A39A90198CBAB0067CB716CAA036" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195723724" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC61A39A90198CBAB0067CB716CAA036" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC61A39A90198CBAB0067CB716CAA036" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
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<subSubSection id="02AF479FBD3128A1EAA40412E9548595" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="954B931C8111C99B696EE449023CD6A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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14.
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<taxonomicName id="F4E28BFE0D9624BACF4D6D2126D1E40C" authority="Dunal, Hist. Nat. Solanum 237. 1813." authorityName="Dunal, Hist. Nat. Solanum 237. 1813." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">Solanum forskalii Dunal, Hist. Nat. Solanum 237. 1813.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="99FBDD6AC3C2068C310CE56B80593825" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7E36016C4BC991CE0B41356232AEAC8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="81597B452828C7C249F4A1DF30FC2705" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Solanum forsskalii Dunal. Herbarium specimen collected in India in 1973 (Tiwari 941, CAL 0000031126). Photograph credit: © The Director, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689716" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EEBB3EFAF561B4DF51A088E4356B572" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="22414FE01F138FFDD579346A6D91630D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="39176ABFA746E7AF68F16926372243D5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosum">Solanum villosum</taxonomicName>
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Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 47. 1775, nom. illeg. non
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<taxonomicName id="BD1FBCE599C3DF7FDBF5FF78FFFF4987" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosum">Solanum villosum</taxonomicName>
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Mill. Type. Yemen. Wadi Surdud, Feb 1763,
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<emphasis id="D93F872F34BDBC1B26D9FD4735861114" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
Herb. P.
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<normalizedToken id="0B901DD908E69D72752BAB77C77BD14C" originalValue="Forsskål">Forsskal</normalizedToken>
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||
414
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</emphasis>
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(holotype: C [C10003107]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE02EBE5117CE789926AC5563C3DC17B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="B0B3D84F8C892DEA177FF595617597F1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macilentum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macilentum">Solanum macilentum</taxonomicName>
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A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 105. 1850. Type. Ethiopia. Choho,
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<emphasis id="44DCD773295D07DC5041235AF8D41FD4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Quartin-Dillon & A. Petit s.n.</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="49076C448AF28A579871A38FD7EFB4D1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" author="Lester, RN" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B139" refString="Lester, RN, 1997. Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125(4): 273-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" title="Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (4): 273 - 293." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" year="1997">Lester 1997</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 286: P [P000343696]; isolectotypes: P [P0003436967, P000343698]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7CFC6CD171CB7F8B7986B4A7DC2EF2D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E22B29D84D8F795E0AD8F4E106B9F4E5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum albicaule" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albicaule">Solanum albicaule</taxonomicName>
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Kotschy ex Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 204. 1852. Type. Sudan. Kordofan: Nubia, Cordofan Chursi, 29 Dec 1839,
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<emphasis id="D019A92CC65FBC7B468693044B8EAEB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. Kotschy 309</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="633CD3F7BB744AEED6A2BDFEE1F4766F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" author="Lester, RN" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B139" refString="Lester, RN, 1997. Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125(4): 273-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" title="Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (4): 273 - 293." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" year="1997">Lester 1997</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 287: G-DC [G00145871]; isolectotypes: B, BM [BM000778322], E [E00193284], ER, GOET, K [K000414013, K000414014, K000414015], LZ, M [M0105605, M0105606], MO [acc. # 3942648], MPU, NY, P [P00344693, P00344694, P00344695], STU [STU000027], TCD [TCD0000843], W [acc. # 1889-0293762, acc. # 0000634], WAG [WAG0003359]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="820F23C48112F6378523576F100269C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
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<taxonomicName id="81F8099380918989D6D06784CC8751FA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum heudelotii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heudelotii">Solanum heudelotii</taxonomicName>
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Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 205. 1852. Type. Senegal. near Gabor, 1839,
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<emphasis id="FF8CB6C1BC43DC5EB2B071AC98819EC9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Heudelot 417</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="DE6AAB75D01FF97CF78F60C31C5500DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">45</emphasis>
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) (lectotype, designated by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="399861458C17E6CE5C057DF96F5EA2FC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" author="Lester, RN" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B139" refString="Lester, RN, 1997. Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125(4): 273-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" title="Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (4): 273 - 293." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" year="1997">Lester 1997</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 287: P [P00344004]; isolectotypes: K [K000414051], MPU, P [P00344005, P00344006], UPS).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0E7AD8219DBC5A816C06B97197929437" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="833E67A41369AC91B1DB138B3F7C02BE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hadaq" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hadaq">Solanum hadaq</taxonomicName>
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Deflers, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 122. 1896. Type. Yemen. Schoukra, Bilad Fodhli, J. Areys, 30 k
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<normalizedToken id="D0FD6955DA073E4AA69D6641909E20C3" originalValue="a’">a'</normalizedToken>
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l E.N.E. de Schughra, 150 m, 22 Mar 1890,
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<emphasis id="27A15BE97081A38DF594387322F2306C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Deflers 377</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="AA3364C26DFF03BAF95A1952234CAB6E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 159: P [P00051780]; isolectotypes: K [K000441183], P [P00051781, P00051782).
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5DD6159D66A5BC6321CF47758F69882C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
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<taxonomicName id="BF3981C0D8D3B5A64E26DAC2C0F93A0C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum scindicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scindicum">Solanum scindicum</taxonomicName>
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||
Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 65: 542. 1896. Type. Pakistan. Sind: Scinde,
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<emphasis id="98B83BBB91D6F082B4FC3AEED29365BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. Cooke s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(lectotype, designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A57BCCC69D7E3F049A6058CC878DA58" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pg. 159: CAL [CAL0000018701]; isolectotype: K [K000441223]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A0B84BA14D225EDE542AC9A354DAC767" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BE18CDB095D00E5FE13FEBA56555E1D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum albicaule subsp. var. var. parvifrons" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="albicaule" subSpecies="var." variety="parvifrons">Solanum albicaule Kotschy ex Dunal var. parvifrons</taxonomicName>
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||
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 16: 102. 1923. Type. South Sudan.
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<normalizedToken id="4EBF8AF0F019F3C6712A74CC9FDD8330" originalValue="“Nördliches">"Noerdliches</normalizedToken>
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||
Darfur, El Fascher",
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||
<emphasis id="99A1153076A10D2638F993B0718F7FAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.D.C. Pfund 407</emphasis>
|
||
(syntypes: B, destroyed, Z, not found; no additional duplicates found).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4004D7E2B4B0F3ECEB2E3CA32E080D9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="89AC8362BDACB6FC22A10250BA954568" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
<typeStatus id="2AC0AA5681C3F9A72DFAF8C9EB1F9EA7">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="77669F2692ADA846CBF88DF3CE2E2926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Based on (replacement name for)
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||
<taxonomicName id="33C70CDE71882DCB0B6ECB38123E1B76" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosum">
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||
<emphasis id="65A1000F53E63F789A1E4BBDCCEA532C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum villosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Forssk.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2061A11F1A9FD76D726316AD88C09A28" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="0D111E027107A44B0B04C1873E09DF67" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0ECA5EA6C0B720CB6B7A897580392C2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Erect or scandent shrub, 0.5-1 m, prickly. Young stems slender, ascendent to erect, densely stellate-pubescent and prickly, the pubescence of porrect, sessile or occasionally stalked trichomes, the stalks to 0.15 mm long, the rays 6-10, 0.15-0.3(-0.5) mm long, the midpoints same length as the rays or up to 1.5 mm, occasionally rounded, the prickles 3-10 mm long, 1-3 mm wide at the base, straight, occasionally curved, flattened, strongly reflexed, pale yellow to brown, spaced 1-10 mm apart; bark of older stems densely stellate-pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, brown to grey or orange-grey. Sympodial units difoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, entire to weakly lobed, the blades 1-4(-6) cm long, 0.5-3(-4) cm wide, 1-2 times longer than wide, ovate, membranous to chartaceous, drying concolorous to discolorous, yellow-green to grey-green or brown-green, glabrescent to moderately stellate-pubescent on both surfaces, with porrect, sessile, sometimes stalked trichomes, the stalks to 0.2 mm long, the rays 6-10, 0.2-0.4(-1) mm long, the midpoints ca. same length as the rays, sometimes to 1.5 mm long, with 0(-3) prickles on both surfaces; the primary veins 2-3 pairs, the tertiary venation not visible to the naked eye; base cordate to rounded, the lobes 2(-3) on each side, 0.2-0.4 cm long, extending to 1/4 of the distance to the midvein, broadly deltate, apically rounded to obtuse; apex rounded to obtuse; petiole 0.2-1.6(-2.5) cm long, 1/4-2/3 of the leaf blade length, densely stellate-pubescent, with 0(-5) prickles. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Inflorescences apparently terminal or lateral, 2-6.5 cm long, unbranched or forked, with (1-)2-20 flowers, 1-10 flowers open at any one time, densely stellate-pubescent, with 0(-5) prickles; peduncle 0.1-0.4(-1.5) cm long; pedicels 0.2-1 cm long, erect, articulated at the base, densely stellate-pubescent, with 0(-6) prickles; pedicel scars spaced 0.5-1.5 mm apart. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx 2-4.5 mm long, the lobes 0.5-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, deltate, apically acuminate, moderately stellate-pubescent, with 0(-5) prickles. Corolla 1.3-2.4 cm in diameter, mauve to purple, stellate, lobed ca. 4/5 of its length, the lobes 6-11 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, deltate, reflexed or spreading, stellate-pubescent abaxially, the trichomes porrect, sessile or stalked, the stalks to 0.15 mm, the rays 4-10, 0.1-0.2 mm long, the midpoints shorter than the rays or to 0.5 mm long. Stamens equal; filament tube ca. 0.1 mm long; free portion of the filaments 0.7-1 mm long; anthers 4.5-7 mm long, connivent to spreading, tapering, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally. Ovary glabrous; style 0.9-1.2 cm long, slender, curved at the apex, glabrous. Fruit a globose berry, 1-10 per infructescence, 0.6-0.9 cm in diameter, the pericarp smooth, orange to red at maturity; fruiting pedicels 0.7-1.6 cm long, 0.3-0.4 mm in diameter at the base, 2-2.5 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading to somewhat deflexed from the weight of the fruit, with 0(-10) prickles; fruiting calyx not accrescent, covering 1/4(-1/2) of the mature fruit, with 0(-5) prickles. Seeds ca. 5-15 per berry, 2.5-4 mm long, 1.8-3 mm wide, flattened-reniform, almost black, the testal cells somewhat sinuate in outline. Chromosome number: n = 12 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74BB1442380DF7D86CF6BFF27349392C" author="Khatoon, S" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B113" refString="Khatoon, S, Ali, SI, 1993. Chromosome atlas of the angiosperms of Pakistan. University of Karachi, Karachi." title="Chromosome atlas of the angiosperms of Pakistan. University of Karachi, Karachi." year="1993">Khatoon and Ali 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), 2n = 24 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6B80565E2A97CB4B3BD9E5E79546999" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2002.106.108" author="Al Wadi, HM" journalOrPublisher="Online Journal of Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="106 - 108" refId="B1" refString="Al Wadi, HM, 2002. Cytomorphology of three Solanum species in the Aseer Region, South-West Saudi Arabia. Online Journal of Biological Sciences 2 (2): 106 - 108, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2002.106.108" title="Cytomorphology of three Solanum species in the Aseer Region, South-West Saudi Arabia." url="https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2002.106.108" volume="2" year="2002">Al Wadi 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4246BFA0B9E9E6385A7169567E11604A" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689716" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
|
||
<paragraph id="F59EAAD9C8A0BD3683853DE271911960" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="776E6FE66809F4862CBE823CC90E66A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E360D244D019D2F11A1939D47AB642B0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forsskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forsskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8659F35E74EF2BD8483021A6D92D1F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum forsskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dunal. Herbarium specimen collected in India in 1973 (
|
||
<emphasis id="E311FEA37BCB337CF010642DA232A414" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tiwari 941</emphasis>
|
||
, CAL0000031126). Photograph credit: © The Director, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="78B7C7255D59257FE95877F5237C4D23" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="96ADE0A4B9175E521EDDCAF6DC8C2AAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A7B590B4C6A5E2BD12E44F1D729C29A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="C245AAF50CDC132CEC57A87611EC4F06" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="89A9A618AD2F747FE021C2BE9D729B27" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Distribution of S. forsskalii." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689717" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DE462C08A58E247D1F90099799F6E49" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5E83BD6123082A41CE07E5593E2FAD8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found from northeastern Africa and Arabian Peninsula to Pakistan and western India (Rajasthan and Gujarat).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6BC073B384A2BB5EB659A49FC24ED491" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F0CD5DE76246644589DB9272076842E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="44ABDB05BB66D92E787FFD682F5AE542" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6625946267F3E0EBC91073EF7580045A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="0917EE58BA29BF77115D7F6AC06C1E87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a desert plant growing on stony ground and rocky slopes, often on granite, elevation not recorded on herbarium sheets we have seen from India (from sea level to 2,000 m elevation fide
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CCEE32AE989760DA0AA350FB6F092313" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4033362950EA1202666078D236123A6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7D2283CA50573A432A0F0D5DEA3479" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B8B1F6FC435F9D7EC7D9801BC4C80DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
India. Rajasthan: nar-kanta [Hindi] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="448B898C08C11C8619D3A32F3BDE88D5" author="Singh, V" editor="Shetty, BV" journalOrPublisher="2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="562 - 579" refId="B227" refString="Singh, V, 1991. Solanaceae. In: Shetty, BV, Singh, V, Eds., Flora of Rajasthan Vol. 2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta: 562 - 579" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Rajasthan Vol." year="1991">Singh 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86A12179CB92AC4CE59A81133F8BC945" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. albicaule" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albicaule">
|
||
<emphasis id="78AE1B65BD9CEFE6C754E1572A370918" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. albicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8D78AF768E7223AF55BFB926D5633C2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="9DAF09EDF6EF3A0DB293A9A3329727E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B767DFE37B06A716E3F4F4F9A155D288" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFDB0627D3C456BC2895BBD1C34D10A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C0CE6B3CC34AC864A57968AF4F48950" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T101526207A101526210.en" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B126" refString="Knapp, S, 2021b. Solanum forskalii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T101526207A101526210. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T101526207A101526210.en" title="Solanum forskalii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e. T 101526207 A 101526210." url="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T101526207A101526210.en" year="2021 b">Knapp 2021b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="082C7C20EFA347C7B4D59ADB090F9FEC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="15238481AB313224041E16ADBBB852B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been formally assessed as least concern (LC; https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/101526207/101526210).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F9B4762382550BC60950E307B5209274" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC90D9F3D74337FCF5E7F8F0AE683BBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="071408CB885A0BD17AFE3BC7C2CA9B48" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5064A3913AC3BCEC1AF995FB9F576B11" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84F42F71AA5B8E80219A55E442434303" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C40BAE4368D7EA3337A3D5BF50738319" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from India might be accidental introductions, it is reported as fairly common in the Indian state of Rajasthan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D81960121FB6C427153926D55AF1956" author="Singh, V" editor="Shetty, BV" journalOrPublisher="2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="562 - 579" refId="B227" refString="Singh, V, 1991. Solanaceae. In: Shetty, BV, Singh, V, Eds., Flora of Rajasthan Vol. 2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta: 562 - 579" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Rajasthan Vol." year="1991">Singh 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is easily recognised by its white-coloured stems, resulting from the dense pubescence of overlapping stellate trichomes with long, delicate rays, and abundant, recurved prickles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="12613F56D54410F517FCB2AED021FAEA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16B7C4F9CF90E8A74B88E6D97EF3B67E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B6F2820F405C63E7F24477FC30312A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09EC3131439E26CD6BE4948684B42CF4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FA96A39FECE234629F7E6903A087A12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its porrect trichomes with 6-10 rays over 0.15 mm long on the young stems (versus trichomes with 12-18 rays under 0.15 mm long on the young stems of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9024F1DAE161D0F52B06A746BA90920A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DF6C706560BDC35AB1DB0776467B1F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 1-20 flowers per inflorescence (versus 1-2 flowers per inflorescence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15670C89B95BC40398B481F419EC7F2F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="98C28114C66EDF8F4C711E9D48B17686" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and anthers 4.5-7 mm long (versus anthers 3-5 mm long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D29B35708BCE90078645EA2CF687EBD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F00252FC1867C27170365DCE40A1C8E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The trichome rays of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFBF0DD7347014599C5C74A99C8B5D5E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="9BBBDE7F3723D7B2B3BC4902F0B65CE3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are much thinner and more delicate than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CDE63071126AE22D5C68FC05669D46F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="41399233E95859E99E3DB832839B20FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which appear stout and almost lepidote. There is considerable variability within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="83132442F85BA359F9CF980C01500D5C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD485039B712BE6BC4B4A026E2937FA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Africa with respect to inflorescence length, prickle size and trichome midpoint length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="737155EB7C79B152E2BB834B6ADFD94A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1C788A80029078A013346BE51F498B9C" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689717" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 24" startId="F24">
|
||
<paragraph id="6C3C59342A6320247BC08B2F09727E0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="6CEC5753F97FA732C64AFBCF417DA0E8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 24.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F02ECC9FD76931A1C146660188E9E34" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. forsskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forsskalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B231E48F299B3A7B685FB381A02DB77E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. forsskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7C352B0B2F3B8B8AFD01E4F15BFF3920" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="45565B1F59B6797C2C9881750898F5CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8039A3D8D8C3811999A774C16479CFFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |