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<mods:title id="ED8D262ED107CE46D88490C6628F7931">A catalogue, revision, and regional perspective of Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental oak gall wasps and their inquilines (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini, Synergini, Ceroptresini)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFE8704A49E7F9EFFD02F9D6" authority="Melika &amp; Tang, 2010" authorityName="Melika &amp; Tang" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,688,1619,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Trichagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A49E7F9EFFD02F9D6" bold="true" box="[151,688,1619,1646]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A49E7F9EFFE1CF9D5" bold="true" box="[151,430,1619,1646]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Trichagalma formosana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFE8704A48C6F9E8FD02F9D6" author="Melika, G. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Abe, Y. &amp; Tang, C. - T. &amp; Nicholls, J. &amp; Wachi, N. &amp; Ide, T. &amp; Yang, M. - M. &amp; Penzes, Zs &amp; Csoka, G. &amp; Stone, G. N." box="[438,688,1620,1646]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref47700" refString="Melika, G., Pujade-Villar, J., Abe, Y., Tang, C. - T., Nicholls, J., Wachi, N., Ide, T., Yang, M. - M., Penzes, Zs, Csoka, G. &amp; Stone, G. N. (2010) Palaearctic oak gallwasps galling oaks (Quercus) in the section Cerris: re-appraisal of generic limits, with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 2470 (1), 1 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2470.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Melika &amp; Tang, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0CEDEBD2FFE8704A49E7F9C8FC2EF935" box="[151,924,1652,1677]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4448B859FFE8704A49E7F9C8FC2EF935" blockId="30.[151,924,1619,1677]" box="[151,924,1652,1677]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="64E79F77FFE8704A49E7F9C8FC2EF935" box="[151,924,1652,1677]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFE8704A49E7F9C8FDD9F935" authority="Melika &amp; Tang, 2010" authorityName="Melika &amp; Tang" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,619,1652,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Trichagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A49E7F9C8FE39F935" box="[151,395,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Trichagalma formosana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFE8704A48E2F9C8FDD9F935" author="Melika, G. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Abe, Y. &amp; Tang, C. - T. &amp; Nicholls, J. &amp; Wachi, N. &amp; Ide, T. &amp; Yang, M. - M. &amp; Penzes, Zs &amp; Csoka, G. &amp; Stone, G. N." box="[402,619,1652,1677]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref47700" refString="Melika, G., Pujade-Villar, J., Abe, Y., Tang, C. - T., Nicholls, J., Wachi, N., Ide, T., Yang, M. - M., Penzes, Zs, Csoka, G. &amp; Stone, G. N. (2010) Palaearctic oak gallwasps galling oaks (Quercus) in the section Cerris: re-appraisal of generic limits, with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 2470 (1), 1 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2470.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Melika &amp; Tang,
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<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A4B01F9C9FD37F934" box="[625,645,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C5569E48FFE8704A4BFBF9C8FCCCF935" author="Melika, G. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Abe, Y. &amp; Tang, C. - T. &amp; Nicholls, J. &amp; Wachi, N. &amp; Ide, T. &amp; Yang, M. - M. &amp; Penzes, Zs &amp; Csoka, G. &amp; Stone, G. N." box="[651,894,1652,1677]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC095CFFD0330ECAD8E0E683BAFA3B" page="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFE8704A4BFBF9C8FCCCF935" author="Melika, G. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Abe, Y. &amp; Tang, C. - T. &amp; Nicholls, J. &amp; Wachi, N. &amp; Ide, T. &amp; Yang, M. - M. &amp; Penzes, Zs &amp; Csoka, G. &amp; Stone, G. N." box="[651,894,1652,1677]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref47700" refString="Melika, G., Pujade-Villar, J., Abe, Y., Tang, C. - T., Nicholls, J., Wachi, N., Ide, T., Yang, M. - M., Penzes, Zs, Csoka, G. &amp; Stone, G. N. (2010) Palaearctic oak gallwasps galling oaks (Quercus) in the section Cerris: re-appraisal of generic limits, with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 2470 (1), 1 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2470.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Melika
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A4BA9F9C9FCB4F934" box="[729,774,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
. (2010: 11)
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, ǒ.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CEDEBD2FFE8704A49E7F906FAACF96D" box="[151,1310,1722,1749]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4448B859FFE8704A49E7F906FAACF96D" blockId="30.[151,1436,1722,1929]" box="[151,1310,1722,1749]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A49E7F906FE83F96C" bold="true" box="[151,305,1722,1748]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</emphasis>
Korean Peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFE8704A4B7CF907FCC7F96D" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Kang, M. &amp; Bae, J. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Guo, R. &amp; Roca-Cusachs, M. &amp; Jung, S." box="[524,885,1723,1749]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1208 - 1221" refId="ref50634" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Kang, M., Bae, J., Wang, Y., Guo, R., Roca-Cusachs, M. &amp; Jung, S. (2020 a) Current state of knowledge of the Korean Cynipini: Subspecies description, new combinations and checklist (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Journal of AsiaPacific Entomology, 23 (4), 1208 - 1221. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2020.08.012" type="journal article" year="2020">
Pujade-Villar
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A4BDAF907FD69F96D" box="[682,731,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
. 2020a: 1217
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="3CE0F8C9FFE8704A4AC4F907FBB4F96D" box="[948,1030,1723,1749]" name="Taiwan" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFE8704A4D64F907FAA3F96D" author="Melika, G. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Abe, Y. &amp; Tang, C. - T. &amp; Nicholls, J. &amp; Wachi, N. &amp; Ide, T. &amp; Yang, M. - M. &amp; Penzes, Zs &amp; Csoka, G. &amp; Stone, G. N." box="[1044,1297,1723,1749]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref47700" refString="Melika, G., Pujade-Villar, J., Abe, Y., Tang, C. - T., Nicholls, J., Wachi, N., Ide, T., Yang, M. - M., Penzes, Zs, Csoka, G. &amp; Stone, G. N. (2010) Palaearctic oak gallwasps galling oaks (Quercus) in the section Cerris: re-appraisal of generic limits, with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 2470 (1), 1 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2470.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Melika
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A4D1CF907FB2FF96D" box="[1132,1181,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
. 2010: 13
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CEDEBD2FFE8704A49B7F963FCB4F8F9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4448B859FFE8704A49B7F963FCB4F8F9" blockId="30.[151,1436,1722,1929]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A49B7F963FE89F941" bold="true" box="[199,315,1759,1785]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFE8704A4832F963FDE2F941" authorityName="Melika &amp; Tang" authorityYear="2010" box="[322,592,1759,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Trichagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A4832F963FDE2F941" box="[322,592,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Trichagalma formosana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two different subspecies:
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFE8704A4AD9F963FB93F941" authorityName="Melika &amp; Tang" authorityYear="2010" box="[937,1057,1759,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Trichagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A4AD9F963FB93F941" box="[937,1057,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">formosana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="3CE0F8C9FFE8704A4D1CF963FB0CF941" box="[1132,1214,1759,1785]" name="Taiwan" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
and
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A4D8DF963FAEAF940" box="[1277,1368,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">romevai</emphasis>
from
<collectingCountry id="3CE0F8C9FFE8704A49E7F8BFFF68F8A5" box="[151,218,1795,1821]" name="China" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">China</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="3CE0F8C9FFE8704A487FF8BFFEE5F8A5" box="[271,343,1795,1821]" name="South Korea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Korea</collectingCountry>
; although the galls are identical, some morphological differences of the adults (
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFE8704A4DB7F8BFFF6FF8F9" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Kang, M. &amp; Bae, J. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Guo, R. &amp; Roca-Cusachs, M. &amp; Jung, S." pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1208 - 1221" refId="ref50634" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Kang, M., Bae, J., Wang, Y., Guo, R., Roca-Cusachs, M. &amp; Jung, S. (2020 a) Current state of knowledge of the Korean Cynipini: Subspecies description, new combinations and checklist (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Journal of AsiaPacific Entomology, 23 (4), 1208 - 1221. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2020.08.012" type="journal article" year="2020">
Pujade-Villar
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A4C15F8BFFA27F8A5" box="[1381,1429,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
. 2020a
</bibRefCitation>
) suggest that they could be two different species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CEDEBD2FFE8704A49B7F8F6FBDFF831" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="4448B859FFE8704A49B7F8F6FBDFF831" blockId="30.[151,1436,1722,1929]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A49B7F8F6FE95F8DC" bold="true" box="[199,295,1866,1892]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Biology.</emphasis>
Only the asexual generation has been described, which induces detachable twig galls on
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFE8704A4C73F8F7FA2EF8DC" box="[1283,1436,1867,1893]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutissima">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A4C73F8F7FA2EF8DC" box="[1283,1436,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Q. acutissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFE8704A49B7F8D3FEE6F831" box="[199,340,1903,1929]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A49B7F8D3FEE6F831" box="[199,340,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Q. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sect.
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFE8704A48EEF8D3FE54F831" box="[414,486,1903,1929]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cerris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A48EEF8D3FE54F831" box="[414,486,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (Table 1;
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFE8704A4B11F8D3FC80F831" author="Melika, G. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Abe, Y. &amp; Tang, C. - T. &amp; Nicholls, J. &amp; Wachi, N. &amp; Ide, T. &amp; Yang, M. - M. &amp; Penzes, Zs &amp; Csoka, G. &amp; Stone, G. N." box="[609,818,1903,1929]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref47700" refString="Melika, G., Pujade-Villar, J., Abe, Y., Tang, C. - T., Nicholls, J., Wachi, N., Ide, T., Yang, M. - M., Penzes, Zs, Csoka, G. &amp; Stone, G. N. (2010) Palaearctic oak gallwasps galling oaks (Quercus) in the section Cerris: re-appraisal of generic limits, with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 2470 (1), 1 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2470.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Melika
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A4BC7F8D3FD5AF831" box="[695,744,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFE8704A4A4DF8D3FBD0F831" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Kang, M. &amp; Bae, J. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Guo, R. &amp; Roca-Cusachs, M. &amp; Jung, S." box="[829,1122,1903,1929]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1208 - 1221" refId="ref50634" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Kang, M., Bae, J., Wang, Y., Guo, R., Roca-Cusachs, M. &amp; Jung, S. (2020 a) Current state of knowledge of the Korean Cynipini: Subspecies description, new combinations and checklist (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Journal of AsiaPacific Entomology, 23 (4), 1208 - 1221. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2020.08.012" type="journal article" year="2020">
Pujade-Villar
<emphasis id="7683644BFFE8704A4AA9F8D3FBB8F831" box="[985,1034,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
. 2020a
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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