458 lines
71 KiB
XML
458 lines
71 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="77EB6A2229746925C47AB3DCC695598E">New records of the brittle stars Ophiothela venusta and Ophiactis modesta (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the northern Persian Gulf, with morphological details</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="433636F95E2FFFDBD6B7F88CFD89F8E8" blockId="2.[151,600,1799,1859]" box="[151,600,1799,1825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
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<heading id="187E81955E2FFFDBD6B7F88CFD89F8E8" bold="true" box="[151,600,1799,1825]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2FFFDBD6B7F88CFD89F8E8" authority="(de Loriol, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,600,1799,1825]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
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<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2FFFDBD6B7F88CFD89F8E8" bold="true" box="[151,600,1799,1825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
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<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2FFFDBD6B7F88CFE53F8E8" bold="true" box="[151,386,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Ophiothela venusta</emphasis>
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(de
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<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2FFFDBD797F88CFD81F8E8" author="Loriol, P. de" box="[439,592,1799,1825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" pagination="55 - 96" refId="ref5351" refString="Loriol, P. de (1900) Notes pour servir a l'etude des Echinodermes. VIII. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 8, 55 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 10582" type="journal article" year="1900">Loriol, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0B9365725E2FFFDBD6B7F8A1FF28F88B" box="[151,249,1834,1859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="description">
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<paragraph id="433636F95E2FFFDBD6B7F8A1FF28F88B" blockId="2.[151,600,1799,1859]" box="[151,249,1834,1859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
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<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E2FFFDBD6B7F8A1FF28F88B" box="[151,249,1834,1859]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,621,1900]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,193,1597]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1435,621,1900]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1435,193,1597]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Live specimens of Ophiothela venusta associated with the gorgonian Euplexaura sp. A, note the high number of brittle stars (>10) and their colour variability with red–black–white bands, white–red, yellow–red and uniformly greyish–green animals. B, magnified upper right quarter of A, upper animal with wider dark blue and red bands, separated by thin white bands, lower animal with wide white and narrower red bands. Scale bars in millimetre." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Ophiothela venusta from the Persian Gulf. A-C, variation in colour pattern in preserved and dried specimens, colours have faded, and red has turned to yellow (A, B). D, specimen treated with bleach (NaOCl) to remove the outer epidermis and part of the granules, radial shields mostly exposed, ventral side still covered by translucent skin. E, skin completely removed by longer treatment with bleach (NaOCl), exposing arm vertebrae, dental plates, oral plates (jaws), genital plates and radial shields. DP, dental plate, GP, adradial genital plate, LAP, lateral arm plate, OP, oral plate, RS, radial shield, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate, TP, tooth papillae. Scale bars in millimetre." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Ophiothela venusta, ventral aspects. A, thick skin obscures all skeletal features. B, skin removed, exposing the skeleton, oral frame. C, ventral skeleton and radial shields from below. D, teeth and few remaining tooth papillae, oral plates. E, series of arm vertebrae, lateral aspect. AS, adoral shield, DP, dental plate, GP, genital plate, k, keel, LAP, lateral arm plate, M, madreporite, OP, oral plate, OS, oral shield, PB, podial basin of second tentacle pore, RS, radial shield, SA, spine articulation, T, tooth, TF, second tube foot, TP, tooth papillae, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2612228/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2612230/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2612232/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Figs 2–4</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="433636F95E2FFFDBD6B7F8F9FD03F841" blockId="2.[151,1274,1906,2020]" box="[151,722,1906,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
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<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2FFFDBD6B7F8F9FDEAF841" authority="de Loriol, 1900: 81" authorityName="de Loriol" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,571,1906,1928]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiocnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
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<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2FFFDBD6B7F8F9FEA1F841" box="[151,368,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Ophiocnemis venusta</emphasis>
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de
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<treatmentCitation id="C22810E85E2FFFDBD7B4F8F9FDEAF841" author="Loriol, P. de" box="[404,571,1906,1928]" page="81" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" year="1900">
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<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2FFFDBD7B4F8F9FDC6F841" author="Loriol, P. de" box="[404,535,1906,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" pagination="55 - 96" refId="ref5351" refString="Loriol, P. de (1900) Notes pour servir a l'etude des Echinodermes. VIII. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 8, 55 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 10582" type="journal article" year="1900">Loriol, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 81
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, pl. 8 figs 2, 3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="433636F95E2FFFDBD6B7F81AFD53F80C" blockId="2.[151,1274,1906,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
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<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2FFFDBD6B7F81AFE8DF86E" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,348,1937,1959]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
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<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2FFFDBD6B7F81AFE8DF86E" box="[151,348,1937,1959]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Ophiothela venusta</emphasis>
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—Cherbonnier & Guille 1974: 160–162, pl. 9 figs 1–6, fig. 62A–D,
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<treatmentCitation id="C22810E85E2FFFDBD231F81AFB77F86E" author="Price, A. R. G." box="[1041,1190,1937,1959]" page="65" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2FFFDBD231F81AFB50F86E" author="Price, A. R. G." box="[1041,1153,1937,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" pagination="28 - 108" refId="ref6162" refString="Price, A. R. G. (1983) Echinoderms of Saudi Arabia. Echinoderms of the Arabian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 5, 28 - 108." type="journal article" year="1983">Price 1983</bibRefCitation>
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: 65
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 28.
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<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2FFFDBD6B7F824FDAFF80C" authority="H. L. Clark, 1923: 341" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="341" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,638,1967,1989]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiopsammium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nudum">
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<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2FFFDBD6B7F824FE5EF80C" box="[151,399,1967,1989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Ophiopsammium nudum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="C22810E85E2FFFDBD7B5F83BFDAFF80C" author="Clark, H. L." box="[405,638,1967,1989]" page="341" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" year="1923">
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: 341
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="433636F95E2FFFDBD6B7F845FBD2F82D" blockId="2.[151,1274,1906,2020]" box="[151,1027,1998,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="639911D75E2FFFDBD6B7F845FBD2F82D" box="[151,1027,1998,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
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<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2FFFDBD6B7F845FE93F82D" baseAuthorityName="H.L.Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[151,322,1998,2020]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nuda">
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<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2FFFDBD6B7F845FE93F82D" box="[151,322,1998,2020]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Ophiothela nuda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="C22810E85E2FFFDBD77DF845FD95F82D" author="Clark, A. M." box="[349,580,1998,2020]" page="469" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" year="1974">
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<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2FFFDBD77DF845FDC0F82D" author="Clark, A. M." box="[349,529,1998,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" pagination="423 - 487" refId="ref4358" refString="Clark, A. M. (1974) Notes on some echinoderms from southern Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 26 (6), 423 - 487. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 210" type="journal article" year="1974">A. M. Clark 1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 469
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="C22810E85E2FFFDBD46EF845FC2EF82D" author="Clark, A. M. & Courtman-Stock, J." box="[590,1023,1998,2020]" page="141" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2FFFDBD46EF845FC1DF82D" author="Clark, A. M. & Courtman-Stock, J." box="[590,972,1998,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" refId="ref4408" refString="Clark, A. M. & Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The echinoderms of Southern Africa. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">A. M. Clark & Courtman-Stock 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 141
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="433636F95E2EFFDAD6B7FF13FCEDFF67" blockId="3.[151,828,152,204]" box="[151,828,152,174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">
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<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2EFFDAD6B7FF13FDFEFF67" authority="Engel, 1949: 140" authorityName="Engel" authorityPageNumber="140" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,559,152,174]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophioteresis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2EFFDAD6B7FF13FEABFF67" box="[151,378,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Ophioteresis beauforti</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="C22810E85E2EFFDAD7A1FF13FDFEFF67" author="Engel, H." box="[385,559,152,174]" page="140" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" year="1949">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2EFFDAD7A1FF13FE2FFF67" author="Engel, H." box="[385,510,152,174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" pagination="140 - 143" refId="ref4572" refString="Engel, H. (1949) Ophioteresis beauforti nov. spec. BiJdragen tot de Dierkunde, 28, 140 - 143." type="journal article" year="1949">Engel, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 140
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–143, fig. 1, pl. 7 figs 1–4.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="433636F95E2EFFDAD6B7FF3DFD19FF05" blockId="3.[151,828,152,204]" box="[151,712,182,204]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="639911D75E2EFFDAD6B7FF3DFD19FF05" box="[151,712,182,204]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2EFFDAD6B7FF3DFEBDFF05" box="[151,364,182,204]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2EFFDAD6B7FF3DFEBDFF05" box="[151,364,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Ophiothela beauforti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C22810E85E2EFFDAD7A6FF3DFD90FF05" author="Balinsky, J." box="[390,577,182,204]" page="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" year="1957">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2EFFDAD7A6FF3DFDCAFF05" author="Balinsky, J." box="[390,539,182,204]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref4146" refString="Balinsky, J. (1957) The Ophiuroidea of Inhaca Island. Annals of the Natal Museum, 14, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1957">Balinsky 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 22
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 4 fig. 16.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0B9365725E2EFFDAD6B7FF72FC83FE48" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="433636F95E2EFFDAD6B7FF72FE2FFE93" blockId="3.[151,1436,249,569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2EFFDAD6B7FF72FE53FEDB" bold="true" box="[151,386,249,274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2EFFDAD7A9FF72FDB2FED8" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[393,611,249,273]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2EFFDAD7A9FF72FDB2FED8" box="[393,611,249,273]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Ophiothela venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F3E13CA45E2EFFDAD452FF72FE28FE93" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2029190309" collectingDate="May 2015 and May 2016" collectorName="S. Semper" country="Philippines" location="northern Persian Gulf" municipality="Bushehr" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" specimenCount="104" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="558FFD705E2EFFDAD452FF72FCCBFEDB" box="[626,794,249,274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" type="generic">104 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="465660225E2EFFDAD506FF72FBCAFEDB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB2087EF5E2FFFDFD6B7F88CFEB3F9C2:465660225E2EFFDAD506FF72FBCAFEDB" box="[806,1051,249,274]" country="Philippines" municipality="Bushehr" name="northern Persian Gulf" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">northern Persian Gulf</location>
|
||
, port of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="A352AC835E2EFFDAD259FF72FB09FEDB" box="[1145,1240,249,274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Bushehr</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, on octocorals on shipwrecks,
|
||
<collectingDate id="2773E9D15E2EFFDAD705FE95FD9FFEFF" box="[293,590,285,310]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<date id="373710395E2EFFDAD705FE95FE4BFEFF" box="[293,410,285,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" value="2015-05">May 2015</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="373710395E2EFFDAD7F6FE95FD9FFEFF" box="[470,590,285,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" value="2016-05">May 2016</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2EFFDAD47BFE96FCADFEFC" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1874" box="[603,892,285,309]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiopsammium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="semperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2EFFDAD47BFE96FCADFEFC" box="[603,892,285,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Ophiopsammium semperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="9C32885B5E2EFFDAD5ACFE95FC3EFEFF" box="[908,1007,286,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9E76695E2EFFDAD5DDFE96FBAFFEFF" box="[1021,1150,285,310]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="EE7C532F5E2EFFDAD300FE95FA49FEFF" box="[1312,1432,286,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">S. Semper</collectorName>
|
||
, late 1800s [SMNH-Type-5236]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="433636F95E2EFFDAD6E7FEE2FC83FE48" blockId="3.[151,1436,249,569]" box="[199,850,361,386]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2EFFDAD6E7FEE2FE9DFE4B" bold="true" box="[199,332,361,386]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Size range:</emphasis>
|
||
Disc diameter
|
||
<quantity id="84719B1C5E2EFFDAD7D6FEE2FD84FE48" box="[502,597,361,385]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="2.0">2–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, arm length
|
||
<quantity id="84719B1C5E2EFFDAD4C0FEE2FC9FFE48" box="[736,846,361,386]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="7.0">7–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0B9365725E2EFFDFD6E7FE1BFAC0FD4C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="431" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="433636F95E2EFFDAD6E7FE1BFF38FDF0" blockId="3.[151,1436,249,569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2EFFDAD6E7FE1BFE8AFE60" bold="true" box="[199,347,400,425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Arms coiled around the branches of gorgonians
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2EFFDAD5A3FE1AFBD7FE60" box="[899,1030,401,425]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Euplexaura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2EFFDAD5A3FE1AFBD7FE60" box="[899,1030,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Euplexaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2EFFDAD245FE1AFAC1FE60" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1869" box="[1125,1296,401,425]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinomuricea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2EFFDAD245FE1AFAC1FE60" box="[1125,1296,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Echinomuricea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E2EFFDAD368FE1BFA5FFE60" box="[1352,1422,400,425]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,621,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,621,1900]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live specimens of Ophiothela venusta associated with the gorgonian Euplexaura sp. A, note the high number of brittle stars (>10) and their colour variability with red–black–white bands, white–red, yellow–red and uniformly greyish–green animals. B, magnified upper right quarter of A, upper animal with wider dark blue and red bands, separated by thin white bands, lower animal with wide white and narrower red bands. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612228/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Colouration of live specimens is very variable: grey, yellow and black, red, blue, orange with black bands, purplish black. Colour ultimately changes after preservation in alcohol: grey, cream with brown or yellow, orange with black, completely black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E2EFFDAD790FE77FE3EFDDC" box="[432,495,508,533]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ophiothela venusta from the Persian Gulf. A-C, variation in colour pattern in preserved and dried specimens, colours have faded, and red has turned to yellow (A, B). D, specimen treated with bleach (NaOCl) to remove the outer epidermis and part of the granules, radial shields mostly exposed, ventral side still covered by translucent skin. E, skin completely removed by longer treatment with bleach (NaOCl), exposing arm vertebrae, dental plates, oral plates (jaws), genital plates and radial shields. DP, dental plate, GP, adradial genital plate, LAP, lateral arm plate, OP, oral plate, RS, radial shield, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate, TP, tooth papillae. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612230/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). The specimens accord well with the description given for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2EFFDAD2E2FE76FAE8FDDD" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1218,1337,509,532]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2EFFDAD2E2FE76FAE8FDDD" box="[1218,1337,509,532]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">O. venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2EFFDAD342FE77FF34FDF0" author="Price, A. R. G." pageId="3" pageNumber="428" pagination="28 - 108" refId="ref6162" refString="Price, A. R. G. (1983) Echinoderms of Saudi Arabia. Echinoderms of the Arabian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 5, 28 - 108." type="journal article" year="1983">Price (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="17F666715E2EFFDAD6B7F808FBD7F83D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612228/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" startId="3.[151,250,1923,1945]" targetBox="[151,1435,621,1900]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="433636F95E2EFFDAD6B7F808FBD7F83D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1923,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2EFFDAD6B7F808FEC2F851" bold="true" box="[151,275,1923,1945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Live specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2EFFDAD7FEF808FD75F850" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[478,676,1923,1945]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2EFFDAD7FEF808FD75F850" box="[478,676,1923,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Ophiothela venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
associated with the gorgonian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2EFFDAD5C3F808FB88F850" box="[995,1113,1923,1945]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Euplexaura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2EFFDAD5C3F808FB88F850" box="[995,1113,1923,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Euplexaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. A, note the high number of brittle stars (>10) and their colour variability with red–black–white bands, white–red, yellow–red and uniformly greyish–green animals. B, magnified upper right quarter of A, upper animal with wider dark blue and red bands, separated by thin white bands, lower animal with wide white and narrower red bands. Scale bars in millimetre.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="17F666715E29FFDDD6B7F96AFC4EF859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612230/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" startId="4.[151,250,1761,1783]" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1739]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="433636F95E29FFDDD6B7F96AFC4EF859" blockId="4.[151,1436,1761,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E29FFDDD6B7F96AFEC4F93F" bold="true" box="[151,277,1761,1783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E29FFDDD73EF96AFE36F93E" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[286,487,1761,1783]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E29FFDDD73EF96AFE36F93E" box="[286,487,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Ophiothela venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Persian Gulf. A-C, variation in colour pattern in preserved and dried specimens, colours have faded, and red has turned to yellow (A, B). D, specimen treated with bleach (NaOCl) to remove the outer epidermis and part of the granules, radial shields mostly exposed, ventral side still covered by translucent skin. E, skin completely removed by longer treatment with bleach (NaOCl), exposing arm vertebrae, dental plates, oral plates (jaws), genital plates and radial shields. DP, dental plate, GP, adradial genital plate, LAP, lateral arm plate, OP, oral plate, RS, radial shield, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate, TP, tooth papillae. Scale bars in millimetre.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="17F666715E28FFDCD6B7F9D9FAA1F92B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612232/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="430" startId="5.[151,250,1618,1640]" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1597]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="433636F95E28FFDCD6B7F9D9FAA1F92B" blockId="5.[151,1436,1618,1762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E28FFDCD6B7F9D9FEC2F9AE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1618,1640]" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E28FFDCD79EF9D9FD55F9A1" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[446,644,1618,1640]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="430" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E28FFDCD79EF9D9FD55F9A1" box="[446,644,1618,1640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">Ophiothela venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ventral aspects. A, thick skin obscures all skeletal features. B, skin removed, exposing the skeleton, oral frame. C, ventral skeleton and radial shields from below. D, teeth and few remaining tooth papillae, oral plates. E, series of arm vertebrae, lateral aspect. AS, adoral shield, DP, dental plate, GP, genital plate, k, keel, LAP, lateral arm plate, M, madreporite, OP, oral plate, OS, oral shield, PB, podial basin of second tentacle pore, RS, radial shield, SA, spine articulation, T, tooth, TF, second tube foot, TP, tooth papillae, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars in millimetre.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="433636F95E28FFDFD6E7F881FE26FDD1" blockId="5.[151,1436,1802,2007]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1548]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="431" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">
|
||
Five non-branching arms, plates obscured by thick skin. Disc rounded pentagonal, variable between individuals, and generally this species is highly polymorphic. Dorsal disc and arms covered with finely rugose, low, round and some higher conical granules in various combinations, often higher in the disc centre, low and round on the arms, obscuring radial shields, plates and scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E28FFDCD54DF8FDFC1AF846" box="[877,971,1910,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ophiothela venusta from the Persian Gulf. A-C, variation in colour pattern in preserved and dried specimens, colours have faded, and red has turned to yellow (A, B). D, specimen treated with bleach (NaOCl) to remove the outer epidermis and part of the granules, radial shields mostly exposed, ventral side still covered by translucent skin. E, skin completely removed by longer treatment with bleach (NaOCl), exposing arm vertebrae, dental plates, oral plates (jaws), genital plates and radial shields. DP, dental plate, GP, adradial genital plate, LAP, lateral arm plate, OP, oral plate, RS, radial shield, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate, TP, tooth papillae. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612230/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E28FFDCD5ECF8FCFBD6F846" box="[972,1031,1911,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1122,1144]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,213,1079]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1101]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the two shipwrecks studied, an unnamed barge and “Raffaello” in the Persian Gulf, Bushehr harbour, Iran." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612226/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">1, B1</figureCitation>
|
||
, C). Ventral disc and arms without granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E28FFDCD729F811FEB4F87B" box="[265,357,1946,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ophiothela venusta from the Persian Gulf. A-C, variation in colour pattern in preserved and dried specimens, colours have faded, and red has turned to yellow (A, B). D, specimen treated with bleach (NaOCl) to remove the outer epidermis and part of the granules, radial shields mostly exposed, ventral side still covered by translucent skin. E, skin completely removed by longer treatment with bleach (NaOCl), exposing arm vertebrae, dental plates, oral plates (jaws), genital plates and radial shields. DP, dental plate, GP, adradial genital plate, LAP, lateral arm plate, OP, oral plate, RS, radial shield, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate, TP, tooth papillae. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612230/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E28FFDCD745F811FE79F87B" box="[357,424,1946,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,621,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,621,1900]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live specimens of Ophiothela venusta associated with the gorgonian Euplexaura sp. A, note the high number of brittle stars (>10) and their colour variability with red–black–white bands, white–red, yellow–red and uniformly greyish–green animals. B, magnified upper right quarter of A, upper animal with wider dark blue and red bands, separated by thin white bands, lower animal with wide white and narrower red bands. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612228/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">2, B2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial shields scalene triangular, almost meeting in the disc centre, in contact along almost their entire length, distally separated by a dorsal arm plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E28FFDCD5BEF835FC2BF81E" box="[926,1018,1982,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ophiothela venusta from the Persian Gulf. A-C, variation in colour pattern in preserved and dried specimens, colours have faded, and red has turned to yellow (A, B). D, specimen treated with bleach (NaOCl) to remove the outer epidermis and part of the granules, radial shields mostly exposed, ventral side still covered by translucent skin. E, skin completely removed by longer treatment with bleach (NaOCl), exposing arm vertebrae, dental plates, oral plates (jaws), genital plates and radial shields. DP, dental plate, GP, adradial genital plate, LAP, lateral arm plate, OP, oral plate, RS, radial shield, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate, TP, tooth papillae. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612230/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E28FFDCD5DAF834FBD4F81E" box="[1018,1029,1983,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1122,1144]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,213,1079]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1101]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the two shipwrecks studied, an unnamed barge and “Raffaello” in the Persian Gulf, Bushehr harbour, Iran." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612226/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal arm plates fragmented, on each arm joint several small, irregular platelets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E2BFFDFD4EDFF1CFCF6FF79" box="[717,807,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ophiothela venusta from the Persian Gulf. A-C, variation in colour pattern in preserved and dried specimens, colours have faded, and red has turned to yellow (A, B). D, specimen treated with bleach (NaOCl) to remove the outer epidermis and part of the granules, radial shields mostly exposed, ventral side still covered by translucent skin. E, skin completely removed by longer treatment with bleach (NaOCl), exposing arm vertebrae, dental plates, oral plates (jaws), genital plates and radial shields. DP, dental plate, GP, adradial genital plate, LAP, lateral arm plate, OP, oral plate, RS, radial shield, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate, TP, tooth papillae. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612230/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Fig 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E2BFFDFD507FF13FCE3FF79" box="[807,818,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1122,1144]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,213,1079]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1101]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the two shipwrecks studied, an unnamed barge and “Raffaello” in the Persian Gulf, Bushehr harbour, Iran." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612226/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral papillae absent. Oral shield drop-shaped, with proximal acute angle, strongly convex distal and lateral edge, smaller than adoral shields. Madreporite larger than other oral shields. Adoral shields in contact proximally, broadly oval to quadrangular, restricted to the proximal part of the oral shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E2BFFDFD7BDFE8FFE26FED5" box="[413,503,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,193,1597]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Ophiothela venusta, ventral aspects. A, thick skin obscures all skeletal features. B, skin removed, exposing the skeleton, oral frame. C, ventral skeleton and radial shields from below. D, teeth and few remaining tooth papillae, oral plates. E, series of arm vertebrae, lateral aspect. AS, adoral shield, DP, dental plate, GP, genital plate, k, keel, LAP, lateral arm plate, M, madreporite, OP, oral plate, OS, oral shield, PB, podial basin of second tentacle pore, RS, radial shield, SA, spine articulation, T, tooth, TF, second tube foot, TP, tooth papillae, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612232/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each jaw bears a cluster of tooth papillae on the ventral half of the dental plate, block-like teeth on the dorsal half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E2BFFDFD401FEACFD5CFE89" box="[545,653,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ophiothela venusta from the Persian Gulf. A-C, variation in colour pattern in preserved and dried specimens, colours have faded, and red has turned to yellow (A, B). D, specimen treated with bleach (NaOCl) to remove the outer epidermis and part of the granules, radial shields mostly exposed, ventral side still covered by translucent skin. E, skin completely removed by longer treatment with bleach (NaOCl), exposing arm vertebrae, dental plates, oral plates (jaws), genital plates and radial shields. DP, dental plate, GP, adradial genital plate, LAP, lateral arm plate, OP, oral plate, RS, radial shield, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate, TP, tooth papillae. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612230/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Figs 3D3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E2BFFDFD4B9FEA3FCD0FE89" box="[665,769,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,193,1597]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Ophiothela venusta, ventral aspects. A, thick skin obscures all skeletal features. B, skin removed, exposing the skeleton, oral frame. C, ventral skeleton and radial shields from below. D, teeth and few remaining tooth papillae, oral plates. E, series of arm vertebrae, lateral aspect. AS, adoral shield, DP, dental plate, GP, genital plate, k, keel, LAP, lateral arm plate, M, madreporite, OP, oral plate, OS, oral shield, PB, podial basin of second tentacle pore, RS, radial shield, SA, spine articulation, T, tooth, TF, second tube foot, TP, tooth papillae, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612232/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">4B, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral arms covered by thickened skin without granules, translucent in dried animals. Ventral arm plates separated, first plate narrow, longer than wide, second hexagonal, about as long as wide, further out up to twice as wide as long at distal edge, proximal edge half as wide as distal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E2BFFDFD6BFFE1FFEDCFE65" box="[159,269,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ophiothela venusta from the Persian Gulf. A-C, variation in colour pattern in preserved and dried specimens, colours have faded, and red has turned to yellow (A, B). D, specimen treated with bleach (NaOCl) to remove the outer epidermis and part of the granules, radial shields mostly exposed, ventral side still covered by translucent skin. E, skin completely removed by longer treatment with bleach (NaOCl), exposing arm vertebrae, dental plates, oral plates (jaws), genital plates and radial shields. DP, dental plate, GP, adradial genital plate, LAP, lateral arm plate, OP, oral plate, RS, radial shield, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate, TP, tooth papillae. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612230/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Figs 3D3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E2BFFDFD73CFE1FFE91FE65" box="[284,320,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,193,1597]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Ophiothela venusta, ventral aspects. A, thick skin obscures all skeletal features. B, skin removed, exposing the skeleton, oral frame. C, ventral skeleton and radial shields from below. D, teeth and few remaining tooth papillae, oral plates. E, series of arm vertebrae, lateral aspect. AS, adoral shield, DP, dental plate, GP, genital plate, k, keel, LAP, lateral arm plate, M, madreporite, OP, oral plate, OS, oral shield, PB, podial basin of second tentacle pore, RS, radial shield, SA, spine articulation, T, tooth, TF, second tube foot, TP, tooth papillae, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612232/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). No tentacle scales. Arm spines up to 5, minutely thorny, tapered, shortest spine dorsal, middle spine longest, slightly longer than an arm joint. Vertebrae with distalwards directed keel and proximal deep groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E2BFFDFD6BFFE57FED5FE3D" box="[159,260,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,193,1739]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ophiothela venusta from the Persian Gulf. A-C, variation in colour pattern in preserved and dried specimens, colours have faded, and red has turned to yellow (A, B). D, specimen treated with bleach (NaOCl) to remove the outer epidermis and part of the granules, radial shields mostly exposed, ventral side still covered by translucent skin. E, skin completely removed by longer treatment with bleach (NaOCl), exposing arm vertebrae, dental plates, oral plates (jaws), genital plates and radial shields. DP, dental plate, GP, adradial genital plate, LAP, lateral arm plate, OP, oral plate, RS, radial shield, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate, TP, tooth papillae. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612230/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Figs. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E2BFFDFD723FE57FEDFFE3D" box="[259,270,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1122,1144]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,213,1079]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1101]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the two shipwrecks studied, an unnamed barge and “Raffaello” in the Persian Gulf, Bushehr harbour, Iran." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612226/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E2BFFDFD73BFE57FEEFFE3D" box="[283,318,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,193,1597]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Ophiothela venusta, ventral aspects. A, thick skin obscures all skeletal features. B, skin removed, exposing the skeleton, oral frame. C, ventral skeleton and radial shields from below. D, teeth and few remaining tooth papillae, oral plates. E, series of arm vertebrae, lateral aspect. AS, adoral shield, DP, dental plate, GP, genital plate, k, keel, LAP, lateral arm plate, M, madreporite, OP, oral plate, OS, oral shield, PB, podial basin of second tentacle pore, RS, radial shield, SA, spine articulation, T, tooth, TF, second tube foot, TP, tooth papillae, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612232/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arm spine articulations with two thick lobes, connected by a thin bridge, surrounding large nerve and muscle openings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB22A7C5E2BFFDFD7B1FE74FE3BFDD1" box="[401,490,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,193,1597]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Ophiothela venusta, ventral aspects. A, thick skin obscures all skeletal features. B, skin removed, exposing the skeleton, oral frame. C, ventral skeleton and radial shields from below. D, teeth and few remaining tooth papillae, oral plates. E, series of arm vertebrae, lateral aspect. AS, adoral shield, DP, dental plate, GP, genital plate, k, keel, LAP, lateral arm plate, M, madreporite, OP, oral plate, OS, oral shield, PB, podial basin of second tentacle pore, RS, radial shield, SA, spine articulation, T, tooth, TF, second tube foot, TP, tooth papillae, V, vertebra, VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars in millimetre." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612232/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="433636F95E2BFFDFD6E7FDAFFB7BFDF5" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1548]" box="[199,1194,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD6E7FDAFFE7FFDF4" bold="true" box="[199,430,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Depth distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="84719B1C5E2BFFDFD795FDAFFDCEFDF5" box="[437,543,548,573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="0.15" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="16.75" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–32 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. In the present study collected between 2 and
|
||
<specimenCount id="558FFD705E2BFFDFD24AFDAFFB7BFDF5" box="[1130,1194,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="84719B1C5E2BFFDFD24AFDAFFB77FDF5" box="[1130,1190,548,573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="26.0">26 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="433636F95E2BFFDFD6E7FDCCFAC0FD4C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1548]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD6E7FDCCFE22FDA9" bold="true" box="[199,499,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Geographic distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Persian Gulf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2BFFDFD4BCFDC3FC8BFDA9" author="Mortensen, T." box="[668,858,584,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" pagination="55 - 112" refId="ref5714" refString="Mortensen, T. (1940) Echinoderms from the Iranian Gulf. Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, and Echinoidea. In: Jessen, K. & Sparck, R. (Eds.), Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp. 55 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1940">Mortensen 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2BFFDFD548FDCCFC35FDA9" author="Price, A. R. G." box="[872,996,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" pagination="28 - 108" refId="ref6162" refString="Price, A. R. G. (1983) Echinoderms of Saudi Arabia. Echinoderms of the Arabian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 5, 28 - 108." type="journal article" year="1983">Price 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) Eastern Africa and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9E76695E2BFFDFD2F5FDCCFA8FFDA9" box="[1237,1374,583,608]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, East Indies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2BFFDFD6CBFDE7FDCBFD4D" author="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E." box="[235,538,620,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" refId="ref4443" refString="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 238 pp." type="book" year="1971">A. M. Clark & Rowe 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9E76695E2BFFDFD40EFDE7FD6FFD4C" box="[558,702,620,645]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2BFFDFD4EEFDE7FC47FD4D" author="Clark, A. M." box="[718,918,620,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" pagination="423 - 487" refId="ref4358" refString="Clark, A. M. (1974) Notes on some echinoderms from southern Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 26 (6), 423 - 487. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 210" type="journal article" year="1974">A. M. Clark 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9E76695E2BFFDFD585FDE7FBDAFD4C" box="[933,1035,620,645]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2BFFDFD23AFDE7FAD5FD4C" author="Rowe, E. & Gates, J." box="[1050,1284,620,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref6243" refString="Rowe, E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 1 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe & Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0B9365725E2BFFDFD6E7FD18FEB3F9C2" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="433636F95E2BFFDFD6E7FD18FCB4FAD9" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1548]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD6E7FD18FEECFD65" bold="true" box="[199,317,659,684]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD764FD1FFDCEFD62" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[324,543,660,684]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD764FD1FFDCEFD62" box="[324,543,660,684]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Ophiothela venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recorded for the first time from the northern Persian Gulf (Iranian coasts) by this study. Individuals live associated with gorgonians in tropical areas. The species is found in subtidal artificial reefs and coral reefs (probably always attached to gorgonians).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD54EFD57FB9AFD3A" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[878,1099,732,756]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD54EFD57FB9AFD3A" box="[878,1099,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Ophiothela venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an abundant species in the reef environment of the Persian Gulf but it has not been reported before, possibly due to technical problems with sampling on subtidal substrates and lack of clear keys for certain identification. Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD2A8FCAFFAD2FCF2" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1160,1283,804,827]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD2A8FCAFFAD2FCF2" box="[1160,1283,804,827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">O. venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is extremely variable in colour pattern and disc covering (granules, spines), which can make it hard to identify. It has been described multiple times under various names in several genera, which were finally recognized as conspecific by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2BFFDFD6B7FC04FE30FC61" author="Cherbonnier, G. & Guille, A." box="[151,481,911,936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" refId="ref4287" refString="Cherbonnier, G. & Guille, A. (1978) Echinodermes: Ophiurides. Faune de Madagascar, 48, Editions du CNRS, Paris, 272 pp." type="book" year="1978">Cherbonnier & Guille (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. We noted possible confusion of species in historical records.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD2B5FC1BFABEFC61" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1173,1391,912,936]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD2B5FC1BFABEFC61" box="[1173,1391,912,936]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Ophiothela venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been described as a variable species with respect to dorsal disc covering (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2BFFDFD5D4FC38FAE6FC05" author="Cherbonnier, G. & Guille, A." box="[1012,1335,947,972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" refId="ref4287" refString="Cherbonnier, G. & Guille, A. (1978) Echinodermes: Ophiurides. Faune de Madagascar, 48, Editions du CNRS, Paris, 272 pp." type="book" year="1978">Cherbonnier & Guille 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), from a dense coat of small round granules with conical spines to individuals with few low, scale-like granules.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2BFFDFD304FC53FF30FBDD" author="Mortensen, T." pageId="6" pageNumber="431" pagination="55 - 112" refId="ref5714" refString="Mortensen, T. (1940) Echinoderms from the Iranian Gulf. Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, and Echinoidea. In: Jessen, K. & Sparck, R. (Eds.), Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp. 55 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1940">Mortensen (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
figured several specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD41DFC77FC8EFBDA" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1874" box="[573,863,1020,1044]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiopsammium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="semperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD41DFC77FC8EFBDA" box="[573,863,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Ophiopsammium semperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with vivid colour pattern, sporting dark and light banded arms and large spots on the disc, encircled in white. Such a vivid and variable colouration is typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD3A1FBABFF3DFB92" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD3A1FBABFA44FBFE" box="[1409,1429,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD6B7FBCFFF3DFB92" box="[151,236,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD485FBCFFCF4FB92" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1874" box="[677,805,1092,1115]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiopsammium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="semperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD485FBCFFD68FB92" box="[677,697,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD4EDFBCFFCF4FB92" box="[717,805,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">semperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggests a more subdued colouration (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2BFFDFD2D8FBCFFA41FB95" author="Lyman, T." box="[1272,1424,1092,1116]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" pagination="221 - 272" refId="ref5433" refString="Lyman, T. (1874) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae, old and new. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, 3 (10), 221 - 272." type="journal article" year="1874">Lyman 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Examination of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="9C32885B5E2BFFDFD77FFBE2FE6EFB48" box="[351,447,1129,1153]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD7C5FBE3FDB0FBB6" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1874" box="[485,609,1128,1152]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiopsammium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="semperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD7C5FBE3FE28FBB6" box="[485,505,1128,1151]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD428FBE3FDB0FBB6" box="[520,609,1128,1151]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">semperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed that the species is covered by a dense, uniform coat of extremely small round granules on the dorsal disc and arms, including the lateral arm plates, and extending slightly onto the ventral disc. Only the ventral arms, most of the ventral disc and the oral frame are free from granules. The granules are smaller than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD78EFB5FFDF4FB22" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[430,549,1236,1259]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD78EFB5FFE13FB22" box="[430,450,1236,1259]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD7F0FB5FFDF4FB22" box="[464,549,1236,1259]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The thick skin obscures all plates. Based on these observations, it seems likely that Mortensen's specimens were not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD41AFB73FD64FAC6" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1874" box="[570,693,1272,1296]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiopsammium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="semperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD41AFB73FD9FFAC6" box="[570,590,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD47CFB73FD64FAC6" box="[604,693,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">semperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD4C7FB73FC8FFAD9" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[743,862,1272,1296]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD4C7FB73FD2AFAC6" box="[743,763,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD529FB72FC8FFAD9" box="[777,862,1273,1296]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="433636F95E2BFFDFD6E7FA97FEB3F9C2" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1548]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2BFFDFD6E7FA97FE47FAFD" author="Mortensen, T." box="[199,406,1308,1332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" pagination="55 - 112" refId="ref5714" refString="Mortensen, T. (1940) Echinoderms from the Iranian Gulf. Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, and Echinoidea. In: Jessen, K. & Sparck, R. (Eds.), Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp. 55 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1940">Mortensen (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD465FA97FCBBFAFA" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1874" box="[581,874,1308,1332]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiopsammium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="semperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD465FA97FCBBFAFA" box="[581,874,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Ophiopsammium semperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD595FA97FA49FAFD" authority="Koehler, 1905" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1905" box="[949,1432,1307,1332]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiopsammium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rugosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD595FA97FB32FAFA" box="[949,1251,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Ophiopsammium rugosum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2BFFDFD2D0FA90FA49FAFD" author="Koehler, R." box="[1264,1432,1307,1332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" refId="ref4939" refString="Koehler, R. (1905) Ophiures de l'expedition du Siboga. Part 2. Ophiures littorales. Siboga Expeditie 45 b, Brill, Leiden, 140 pp." type="book" year="1905">Koehler, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, regarding the differences in granulation as mere variation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2BFFDFD519FACBFBC9FA91" author="Clark, A. M." box="[825,1048,1343,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" pagination="39 - 71" refId="ref4318" refString="Clark, A. M. (1965) Japanese and other ophiuroids from the collections of the Munich Museum. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 13 (2), 39 - 71." type="journal article" year="1965">A. M. Clark (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported individuals of Koehler’s species with similar conical spines at the disc edge and in the disc centre. These specimens are similar to some of the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD77BFA03FE02FA69" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[347,467,1416,1440]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD77BFA03FEBEFA56" box="[347,367,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD75DFA02FE02FA69" box="[381,467,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27184B085E2BFFDFD476FA0CFC71FA69" author="Cherbonnier, G. & Guille, A." box="[598,928,1415,1440]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" refId="ref4287" refString="Cherbonnier, G. & Guille, A. (1978) Echinodermes: Ophiurides. Faune de Madagascar, 48, Editions du CNRS, Paris, 272 pp." type="book" year="1978">Cherbonnier & Guille (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and given the possible misapplication of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD6FBFA27FE84FA0A" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1874" box="[219,341,1452,1475]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiopsammium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="semperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD6FBFA27FF3EFA0A" box="[219,239,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD6DDFA27FE84FA0A" box="[253,341,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">semperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Mortensen, it is possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD4ECFA27FC80FA0A" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1905" box="[716,849,1452,1475]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiopsammium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rugosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD4ECFA27FD31FA0A" box="[716,736,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD4CFFA27FC80FA0A" box="[751,849,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">rugosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD252FA27FB3BFA0A" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1138,1258,1452,1475]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD252FA27FB57FA0A" box="[1138,1158,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD2B4FA27FB3BFA0A" box="[1172,1258,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD3A1FA27FF21FA2E" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1874" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiopsammium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="semperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD3A1FA27FA44FA0A" box="[1409,1429,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD6B7FA5BFF21FA2E" box="[151,240,1488,1511]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">semperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hence, the limits between these species and between the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD5F5FA5BFB45FA21" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1874" box="[981,1172,1488,1512]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiopsammium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD5F5FA5BFB45FA21" box="[981,1172,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Ophiopsammium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84894D7A5E2BFFDFD2ECFA5BFA9BFA21" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" box="[1228,1354,1488,1512]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71FDEAEB5E2BFFDFD2ECFA5BFA9BFA21" box="[1228,1354,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Ophiothela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear blurred at present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |