333 lines
35 KiB
XML
333 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.305.5081" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e4873de3-fb36-4cee-be58-06b75a6978c4" ID-PMC="PMC3689090" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-305-1" ID-PubMed="23794910" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-305-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 305" ModsDocTitle="A butterfly with olive green eyes discovered in the United States and the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini)" checkinTime="1451247256157" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Robbins, Robert K. & Glassberg, Jeffrey" docDate="2013" docId="C6C0E465F7EA79232127654A4E218072" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 305: 1-20" docOrigin="ZooKeys 305" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.305.5081" docTitle="Ministrymon janevicroy Glassberg, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="0F78FFDF3C60A56F113BD64FFFE2714F" masterDocTitle="A butterfly with olive green eyes discovered in the United States and the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini)" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1668155889592" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A butterfly with olive green eyes discovered in the United States and the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Robbins, Robert K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Glassberg, Jeffrey</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>305</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>20</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.305.5081</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.305.5081</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-305-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152044625" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:10ED3009-21F8-4B7C-B9B4-A93A5D867972" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6C0E465F7EA79232127654A4E218072" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:10ED3009-21F8-4B7C-B9B4-A93A5D867972" authority="Glassberg" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy Glassberg</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="2">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1-4, 6-9
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Holotype: ♂ (Fig. 3). [hand written in black India Ink on white paper] July 12, 1969/Santa Ana Ref.[uge]/Hidalgo Co[unty]/Texas/J.B. Sullivan. [printed
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">red</pageBreakToken>
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label] Holotype/
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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/Glassberg. [printed green label] Genitalia No./2013: 10♂/R. K. Robbins. Deposited USNM. Paratypes (9♂, 4♀). Uvalde County. 1♂, Concan[,] Tex[as]/7[July]-6-[19]36/W.D. Field. Hidalgo County. 8♂, same data as holotype. 1♀, June 12, 1976/Sullivan City/Hidalgo Co./Texas/J.B. Sullivan. 1♀ (Fig. 3), Pharr, Texas/20 April 1948/H.A. Freeman (via Nicolay collection). Kerr County. 2♀, Kerrville/Jun[e] 1917/Texas (via Barnes Collection). Paratypes have a blue printed paratype label and are deposited USNM. Five paratypes have been dissected and labeled as such (cf. supplementary file).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="other specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Other specimens examined</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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(excluded from the type series). Mexico: 33♂♂, 3♀♀. El Salvador: 1♀. Nicaragua: 4♂♂, 6♀♀. Costa Rica: 4♂♂, 1♀.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
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2♂♂, 5♀♀ (FSMC). Venezuela: 2♀.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="images in nature examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Images in nature examined</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">(excluded from the type series, specifics listed in a supplementary file).United States (Texas): 19, Mexico 10, Venezuela 1.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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This species is named for my wife, Jane Vicroy Scott, whose love and patient forbearance have sustained me, and made me a more effective advocate for butterflies. Her tireless work in support of the North American Butterfly Association, especially with the National Butterfly Center in the Rio Grande Valley (less than 40km from the type locality of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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), has helped make the world a little bit more friendly for butterflies and thus for people. The name is a non-latinized noun in apposition. I have proposed the English name
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Vicroy’s">Vicroy's</normalizedToken>
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Ministreak for this species (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Glassberg 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis and description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis and description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Ministrymon</pageBreakToken>
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janevicroy
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</taxonomicName>
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is placed in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ministrymon</taxonomicName>
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because there are small erect teeth on the ventral surface of the penis near the distal end (Fig. 6).
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Clench (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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originally noted this generic distinguishing trait, albeit limited to two teeth. In museum collections, specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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are routinely curated with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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because of the similarity in ventral wing patterns (Fig. 1). For this reason, we differentiate
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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. However,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ministrymon</taxonomicName>
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has not been revised, so it would be premature to suggest that these species are phylogenetic sisters, even if it is likely.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Adults of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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are differentiated from those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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by (1) the male and female genitalia, (2) the ventral wing pattern, and (3) the color of the eyes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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The male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Ministrymon</pageBreakToken>
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janevicroy
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</taxonomicName>
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(7 dissections, listed in supplementary information) differ consistently from those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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(11 dissections), primarily by structures of the posterior penis (Fig. 6). The four-as illustrated-or five small erect teeth on the ventral surface of the penis tip of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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are clustered anterior of the posterior penis tip while in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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two teeth are located near the posterior penis edge, well posterior of two other teeth. Inside the penis shaft, there is a single slender cornutus in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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while the vesica on either side of the cornutus in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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is sclerotized. Depending upon the amount of sclerotization and the extent to which the vesica is everted, these sclerotizations may appear as a double prong (as in Fig. 6) or as a pair of lateral sclerotized triangular teeth. The shorter and squatter valvae in ventral aspect and the shallower and wider notch between the labides in dorsal aspect of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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(illustrated in Fig. 6) represent individual variation and do not distinguish the species. The illustrated longer saccus of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 6) may differentiate the species statistically, but this length in the study series was overlapping.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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The female genitalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Ministrymon</pageBreakToken>
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janevicroy
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</taxonomicName>
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(6 dissections) differ substantially and consistently from those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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(5 dissections). The female genitalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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are distinguished from those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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by a membranous
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“neck”">"neck"</normalizedToken>
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just posterior of the cervix (arrow on the left of Fig. 7) and the lack of a well-formed posterior pouch from which the ductus seminalis arises (arrow on the right of Fig. 7). These differences are conspicuous and immediately distinguish the species. The illustrated ductus bursae of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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is longer than that of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 7), but this difference represents individual variation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Glassberg (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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distinguished the variegated
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“pebbly-textured”">"pebbly-textured"</normalizedToken>
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appearance on the basal half of the ventral hindwing surfaces of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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from the more
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“smooth-textured”">"smooth-textured"</normalizedToken>
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appearance in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 2). In the study series, the variegated
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“pebbly-textured”">"pebbly-textured"</normalizedToken>
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appearance on the hindwing (but not always the forewing) correlates without exception with genitalic structures for the 29 dissected specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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. The wing scales that are responsible for the variegated
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“pebbly-textured”">"pebbly-textured"</normalizedToken>
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appearance in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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are gray basally and whitish at their tips and do not lie flat against the wing. In contrast, the wing scales that are responsible for the gray
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“smooth-textured”">"smooth-textured"</normalizedToken>
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appearance in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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are almost uniformly gray and lie flat against the wings. The scales in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
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are also wider than those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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, and have a jagged terminal edge, but it is unclear how these shape differences affect wing appearance.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Adults of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Ministrymon</pageBreakToken>
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janevicroy
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</taxonomicName>
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have olive green eyes in nature while those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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have dark brown/black eyes (Fig. 1). The 30 images of adults in nature with a variegated
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“pebbly-textured”">"pebbly-textured"</normalizedToken>
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basal hindwing have olive green eyes, and the 44 images of those with a smooth-textured gray basal hindwing have dark brown/black eyes. In the museum study series, all
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
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adults had dark brown/black eyes while 9.5% of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults had eyes as dark as those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(data in a supplementary file). The remaining adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
had lighter eyes, ranging from yellow-brown to brown (this variation is shown in Fig. 3). It would appear that eye color darkens a variable amount post mortem in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A survey of eye color in other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ministrymon</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is presented in the discussion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The wing venation of male and female
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
is illustrated (Fig. 8). In
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
forewing vein M2 arises closer to M1 than to M3 in both sexes, but is otherwise typical of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="tribe" tribe="Eumaeini">Eumaeini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eliot, JN" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="371 - 505" title="The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): a tentative arrangement." volume="28" year="1973">Eliot 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a scent patch at the distal end of the forewing discal cell in which the tan androconia are partially or wholly (in some individuals) covered by dark brown wing scales (Fig. 9). This scent patch structure is the same as that in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is no evident sexual dimorphism in size (♂ mean forewing length = 9.1 mm, s=0.62, N=10, ♀ mean forewing length = 9.1 mm, s=0.33, N=4, data in supplementary file).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution, habitat, and phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Ministrymon</pageBreakToken>
|
||
janevicroy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs from southern Texas (there is also an image of an individual of this species from Big Bend National Park in western Texas, cf. supplementary information) to Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica and in South America on the islands of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Margarita (Ven
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">ezuela</pageBreakToken>
|
||
) (Fig. 4). It is a relatively common species in Central America, where it is as well represented in museum collections as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be absent from the Antilles (including Florida and the Lesser Antilles) and from South America, except for
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Venezuela’s">Venezuela's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Isla Margarita. It may also occur on Aruba, where
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recorded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miller, JY" journalOrPublisher="Caribbean Journal of Science" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="170 - 175" title="A survey of butterflies from Aruba and Bonaire and new records for Curacao." volume="39" year="2003">Miller et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but we have not seen specimens.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits dry deciduous forest and scrub. It and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur at the same localities. For example, both have been collected at the type locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Santa Ana Wildlife Refuge) in Hidalgo County, and both were photographed on the same day at the same locality (Rio Blanco Canyon) near Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico. In Texas, adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been found from January to August. Elsewhere, there is no evidence for seasonality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Figure 1. Olive green eyes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
(left, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico) and the dark brown/black eyes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Chavarrillo, Veracruz, Mexico).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Figure 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
(left, close-up on bottom) with variegated
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“pebbly-textured”">"pebbly-textured"</normalizedToken>
|
||
ground color and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(right) with
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“smooth-textured”">"smooth-textured"</normalizedToken>
|
||
gray appearance. Both specimens from Managua, Nicaragua.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Figure 3. Male holotype (top) and female paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Eye color in the male appears to have darkened more post mortem than that of the female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Figure 4. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
(hearts) based on museum specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Figure 5. SEM of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
|
||
penis tip showing small erect teeth in lateral (top) and ventral aspect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Figure 6. Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
(top) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, posterior of butterfly at right, both from Yucatan, Mexico. Ventral aspect with penis removed (top left), lateral aspect with penis removed (left middle), lateral aspect of penis (bottom), penis tip in ventral aspect (right middle), and dorsal aspect of tegumen (top right). Scale 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Figure 7. Bursa copulatrix of the female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
(left, Venezuela) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon azia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azia">Ministrymon azia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mexico) in dorso-lateral aspect, posterior of butterfly at top. Arrow on left points to the membranous
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“neck”">"neck"</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the anterior ductus bursae. Arrow on right points to the well-formed posterior pouch from which the ductus seminalis arises. Scale 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Figure 8. Male (left, Yucatan, Mexico) and female (Santa Tecla, El Salvador) venation of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ministrymon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ministrymon janevicroy" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janevicroy">Ministrymon janevicroy</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 9. Male dorsal forewing scent patch showing dark brown wing scales covering tan-colored androconia.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |