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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce2a2763-3c4d-4be7-b56d-7a8c7e27608b" ID-PMC="PMC7297811" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-939-87" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" ID-PubMed="32577083" ID-ZooBank="B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33" ModsDocID="1313-2970-939-87" checkinTime="1591794867056" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gosik, Rafal, Skuhrovec, Jiri, Caldara, Roberto &amp; Tosevski, Ivo" docDate="2020" docId="C622AE8B331F542E95CF60DDA1B32B96" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 939: 87-165" docOrigin="ZooKeys 939" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" docTitle="Mecinus janthiniformis Tosevski &amp; Caldara 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" masterDocTitle="Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1732487594982" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="CE7656D2FFF09F65EF29D3D1FBA43BC8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="56971DE6B7274F578846009E4E59D033">
<mods:title id="B1B5FAFB46BB2B09C306810C2661EC9B">Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="36570E174D62E0BAC83C76E2BDAA92A0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="857F9F4F71CCD5DBEC5440805F4D37B2">
<mods:roleTerm id="A8CF4089D697B4852A79A156184AA448">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F38EDD7E473CB253D59BB5ED569AA027">Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1BA2BE8AD6441E56F38F18E61315DB1E">Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B2AFD9D9E7F8BA40FDC8B4AACD24B189">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F64435D8596C67CC0AC36133203E58FB">Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5595FFF3B7132621A684700A9C89D3C0">Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CD95B75F69C56C44E58599BBEB50AAC1" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A99C3E71629292BA4406B03A0144D83C" type="email">jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="807C32478F5B8E7836CFFFA0DF80A29B" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EDCE8BF441B672E7C8F98E9D6034F9E6">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="80E6AA95841ECEADC4827DE81B36F52C">Center of Alpine Entomology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="10C4E30E1CC1538AC516DD0FF123DA63" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BAAA8145268EAA5022538A837997E046">
<mods:roleTerm id="A3C24D00F07D91E36899512230A6D4B8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2ED430E6F0ED85A73BFEA7307F7B1044">Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="26667CF0E91F2F94B6D70562F8BD9A45">CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland &amp; Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080, Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7CCCBB63319FAA4B2CAED5CC2DAE4B91">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A22EF38ECCB8482C6C7C89E4903D9326">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="62800710669941832334A26F0C480B50">
<mods:date id="116FDEDC16B3BFEBEAC27D19B44EDA52">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="74DEB58B6233D85BA4FE36A2047BA2F8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FA876F3ACA0C3E54B1EB92C05571D4A2">939</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DFE12199AEDCA188F8C21256F1DC9F48">87</mods:start>
<mods:end id="23F7B152FFA67EFB704BD407040A8428">165</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="0D0081671EBDBCEF6973A2D6AEC32479">
<mods:url id="305E3BC3337360F4781049E488D9CD29">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="4CABB60B65DC5B90C5C9AEDD5BA29977">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EE2D26D4C960411EEED5B4F3CC550B38" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BEDDAEDAD372C7FD637E5A833742C765" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-939-87</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E774A16EBB6FA4543B1CC540C5F018CC" type="ZooBank">B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4774727D1AA266D48980DFE627507BFA" type="Pensoft-UUID">DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C622AE8B331F542E95CF60DDA1B32B96" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164500616" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C622AE8B331F542E95CF60DDA1B32B96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C622AE8B331F542E95CF60DDA1B32B96" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" scope_family="Curculionidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
<subSubSection id="744446B9AE20C9C3DB0943D4D6A48361" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0F2DAB977F934C9C10881149E4D64086" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="EB472EC22525BB66B2B5C562B7367574" ID-CoL="6R8M8" LSID="C622AE8B-331F-542E-95CF-60DDA1B32B96" authority="Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2011" authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus janthiniformis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
Mecinus janthiniformis
<normalizedToken id="B37C822A19E42525F489A11440196CA2" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
&amp; Caldara, 2011
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2BBB46CF5306A577F8E66B349AAC981" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="583D140C43BCE5FECAC4027DE7462400" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E08E9E515F50F18066DFCBF8EE446434" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
2 L3 larvae, Mecedonia, Prilep, 25.07.2017, (
<geoCoordinate id="964B3C37216988467C68D21E62A744EA" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="17.354" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.289234">41°17.354'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="91E2895F3877EFC92BDD5FFE39C7CB7B" degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="29.983" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="21.499716">21°29.983'E</geoCoordinate>
, 618 m.) ex
<taxonomicName id="CB36ADADBC5BA66D2D34E66667601783" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Linaria dalmatica subsp. macedonica" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="dalmatica" subSpecies="macedonica">
<emphasis id="3F3062FFBF05646FFC1C02228EB8E554" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Linaria dalmatica macedonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
1 L3 larva, 4 pupae, Bulgaria, Harmanli, 17.08.2008,
<geoCoordinate id="A0A31310598FB64D86A79528A4C7CE83" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="53.117" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.885284">41°53.117'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9CB2FE076F6A1B486FA144AAA3E4B39E" degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="52.373" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.872883">25°52.373'E</geoCoordinate>
, 310 m., ex
<taxonomicName id="4D2027F76C0223DED6E9BEBDCB4D499E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Linaria genistifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis id="071E8E981AB72D50A5AE4AE41E276BF3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Linaria genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
12 L3 larva, Bulgaria, Harmanli, 17.07.2011,
<geoCoordinate id="E48894124F12245F92A256ABFD2DCE62" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="53.117" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.885284">41°53.117'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="91DFE1DBB50876173706C3DA87D95143" degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="52.373" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.872883">25°52.373'E</geoCoordinate>
, 310 m., ex
<taxonomicName id="8AF94881F54FD2856DDA9BCB6D914E7B" lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis id="653869824612DCA30CD11818CFB647A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2 L3 larvae, 1 pupa, Bulgaria, Slatino, 7.08.2011,
<geoCoordinate id="6FBC36C3B855054EBD8ED674645A7429" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="09.981" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.16635">42°09.981'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8172F01D9D380E30977733ABB4060031" degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="02.371" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.039516">23°02.371'E</geoCoordinate>
, 390 m., ex
<taxonomicName id="F55F9991BBAA000FA0D1BA496CB2CA3F" lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis id="10AAAB2290823FECEB08C7910E811FF8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 1 pupa, Serbia, Kalna, 1.09.2010.,
<geoCoordinate id="86CE2636B566CCCA8325F19B2B5D3339" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="29.450" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.490833">43°29.450'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8BB966E708122A6B60D4A71B6A4FD921" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="19.712" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="22.328533">22°19.712'E</geoCoordinate>
, 278 m., ex
<taxonomicName id="4A2288006FCED6077E4BF63E42D9E94C" lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis id="E220D012E8BD2DDCA64CE594E40420E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 3 pupae, Serbia, Bovansko Jezero, Aleksinac, 12.08.2010,
<geoCoordinate id="3C06A6ABD02AF2700013F4055DF88BF3" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="37.735" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.628918">43°37.735'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6644F6777B782840DD1179DA0FC64753" degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="42.917" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="21.715282">21°42.917'E</geoCoordinate>
, 231 m., ex
<taxonomicName id="1938DC0E98988A91B20574BEB3ED219D" lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis id="EC413333E070B539F6FBFAD4F27D5941" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; North Macedonia, Veles, 10.09.2009,
<geoCoordinate id="D2B159C0B9A2C77FE2FE9DC52E01DEE5" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="44.332" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.738865">41°44.332'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="55C44D8456338EC0EEF5B6764A0E7297" degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="46.893" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="21.78155">21°46.893'E</geoCoordinate>
, 201 m., ex
<taxonomicName id="A80CDBA119282F39700749BC521A1B0C" lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis id="8BE4DCF866A1EFA39E9F77DC36D9C96F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 1 pupa, Serbia, Vranje, Golemo Selo, 20.08.2009,
<geoCoordinate id="CFD32E300D25744DFD41794C410CAEF0" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="44.203" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.736717">42°44.203'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9DD1AFB245950BBDA0FA93D0838582D4" degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="50.696" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="21.844933">21°50.696'E</geoCoordinate>
, 523 m., ex
<taxonomicName id="770B69601D629801BAC95F3BAD94F63E" lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis id="AEC788ACC8677FC04505B88C979EB04F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 3 pupae, Bulgaria, Slatino, 7.08.2007,
<geoCoordinate id="D93A082FA2A4726CA4385F6EF95AF765" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="09.981" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.16635">42°09.981'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A78C430CA69E5027755E86EF0F3301F2" degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="02.371" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.039516">23°02.371'E</geoCoordinate>
, 390 m., ex
<taxonomicName id="638FC754528AADA82850BDD067E5334C" lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis id="65BA6A4B567FF784A6409F2ABE1C1D23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All collected by I.
<normalizedToken id="7EC12D26772E7A03F10F89FCAA808891" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
. Accession numbers of sequenced specimen MN992006.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0149B5F36509CA5F2E3D0B3A7480295A" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="617F9C79428622A32A6D37E2EF3340A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of mature larva</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F2B36902CE07E573C06A2F79638D148D" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
(Figures
<figureCitation id="6D59E321D5DC594A89FBC49F64C5F90F" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">22A-D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DF7D6A232D3C2A152A382073CC9F2361" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23A-F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="E7C0DDAD077C9212876AFE4685498DBC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm). Body length: 1.66-2.90. Body width (abdominal segments I-II): 0.66-1.10. Head width: 0.53-0.67.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0BC70E37E8A347F7AC4C972130C6BD33" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="9DD1C1875A6D7F83BC1BD1435802BC8E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
(Figure
<figureCitation id="AB552825EFA85087CCCC5046BC2147FE" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">22A-D</figureCitation>
) yellowish. Prothorax smaller than meso- and metathorax. Abdominal segments I-VII of almost equal length; segments VIII and IX decreasing gradually to the terminal body part; segment X reduced to three anal lobes of those lateral are the largest, and dorsal the smallest (sometimes absent). Dorsum of abdominal segments I-VI divided into three lobes; on seventh into two lobes. Chaetotaxy well developed, setae various in length. Prothorax (Figure
<figureCitation id="C867E09890EB4786C23BE3BD563DE524" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">22B</figureCitation>
) with eleven long
<emphasis id="4B5934EEA0C267A536484059A8A3767F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
; two medium
<emphasis id="4CD80FD000D84621EDA197A38D3C2ABA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and one medium
<emphasis id="6B98B55694B3BFAEEC85C856FA4CD2E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Meso- and metathorax (Figure
<figureCitation id="7634B12A115C9833C44BDEC315051CB4" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">22B</figureCitation>
) with one short
<emphasis id="6BA2C17FBFE1C5632A9CF07D8CCCC77C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
, three
<emphasis id="220FCE09CA69E71C0657DC235FF279CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="3E4EE7752FC83F7BDC84F756B3125FD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds1</emphasis>
short,
<emphasis id="8836A11E45CBF405CDA71E48B44766B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds2-3</emphasis>
medium), one medium
<emphasis id="1296D3F5C6A2805B2269E96D9BDBBBEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
, three medium
<emphasis id="1F9CFED7C22D0A56BC6C0735BC47333E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
, one medium
<emphasis id="24D305CE700DB6839EABD8DE3B8358D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
, one medium
<emphasis id="D42306EECBAD335926D97AC3800B402F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and one medium
<emphasis id="995E58D717C270AB7F8151B6942194AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Pedal area with six
<emphasis id="8E578C04E2E6E01948F5104BC21C0A66" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda</emphasis>
of different length (four of them placed on well isolated pedal sclerite). Abdominal segments I-VIII (Figure
<figureCitation id="81937574EB44AA9C753DE82574E11274" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">22C, D</figureCitation>
) with one short
<emphasis id="4DFEDE544B8BFE6AD99444A4F7CFA080" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
, four
<emphasis id="6C4071B4AF97F7B80635FD8B09A9E29C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
(on segments I-V:
<emphasis id="5899E677EB7FAE338B71697A566B07F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds1,3</emphasis>
medium,
<emphasis id="226A30FF3400A030F1571954D3F995E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds2,4</emphasis>
short; on segments VI-VIII all
<emphasis id="3CBFBD4363710BDC4D714EF0AE11568D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
very long, equal in length), always arranged along the posterior margin, one minute and two long
<emphasis id="71874F5C2ABEC5FC905472A6E6149EDD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
, one short and one medium e
<emphasis id="AB602DB1CA01C5015B05E49C0B608587" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
, one medium
<emphasis id="2409A547F0D4E67C6A7B87E7796FA7A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
, one medium
<emphasis id="67EECDE6B2626C476DB44ED858EA42E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
and two medium
<emphasis id="8961B11C0DCD4DD06930E1193961C05B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Abdominal segment IX (Figure
<figureCitation id="D06A9C446784C177A0C42D647963466F" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">22D</figureCitation>
) with four long
<emphasis id="2E54731A748850E45F0D5A01DB168BA4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
located close to posterior margin, two
<emphasis id="BE4D4D9584C762BED80C10589399EEF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
different in length, and two short
<emphasis id="A6C388F5CE096332D2A0912FDBC8CE2B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts.</emphasis>
Each of anal lobe (abd. segment X) with two minute setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="89C995FB574B5D363DD758CB7E3D05FE" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
<paragraph id="C160B94C55239C2CBAEA5879892E2D41" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="F57210D1A1E64A5D9457FFCCD118012F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F3F2CEEDD9E90562A92607932EE00E89" authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus janthiniformis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
<emphasis id="014944D61B178893330246436086EEF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus janthiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy
<emphasis id="E01A3CDAE9AA689F6C3B169BD9B1F564" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
habitus of the body and frontal view of the head
<emphasis id="DEFA25CAE1C98E1181D6A292160B2075" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
lateral view of thoracic segments
<emphasis id="E85C39C193DC87AABF41B536C0AD0006" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
lateral view of abdominal segment I
<emphasis id="4B6FE29DF7548DDE42ADC8885D7D46C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae:
<emphasis id="7DC9C67DBF38FD06DBBB3842ED0BE988" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
- alar,
<emphasis id="B89F85804D8C1DF2B049259BBECC8781" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
- dorsal,
<emphasis id="3DD959AFE9C34422C501156432EDE771" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
- epipleural,
<emphasis id="F25D77C52B73DFF34B2B18DDFE1E8379" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus</emphasis>
- eusternal,
<emphasis id="85366CDABEAFE24B837F42DFB9D38F43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
- laterosternal,
<emphasis id="ED767A2023C536877C07042D8BD68019" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda</emphasis>
- pedal,
<emphasis id="A2FF1D2FD05226C2ED3FCB0A7840E184" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
- postdorsal,
<emphasis id="9884889E23CE35A90103EB7581292C66" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
- pronotal,
<emphasis id="A773CDE3F61F5886DC1166960F9669B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
- prodorsal,
<emphasis id="D0A8DEA822C28326590CA1404189A54E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
- pleural,
<emphasis id="6EFC5924579F26CC825B7AAAA13A9856" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
- spiracular,
<emphasis id="3B2D481D9A9C9C56FE587D9D79C97E74" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts</emphasis>
- sternal,
<emphasis id="CAA39C9A6D747135CF8C17D87602BBAC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ts</emphasis>
- terminal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="050B2C7F337E3603810DDC5D7604D475" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="E6E26E808157BCAD152CD6E190D93CB8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Head capsule</emphasis>
(Figures
<figureCitation id="51DE484F7624EA055D9EB04885B804F7" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">22A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F4F0FED3D94B23B55BA33B872332DD9" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23A-F</figureCitation>
) dark yellow, narrowed bilaterally.
<emphasis id="420533FDE0E6034125782BC82DD63224" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Des1-3,5</emphasis>
very long, equal in length,
<emphasis id="920EBDE8A37AC5B77B5DD1611ECE63CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des4</emphasis>
twice shorter than other
<emphasis id="FE10C8D4BBE234966888848C12217CED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="0118C196DC2E02DA0C02FB4A03E5B263" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des4</emphasis>
medially.
<emphasis id="876544D73CB04622337C9F4BA4FAF7A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Fs1</emphasis>
as long as
<emphasis id="AC96F31B9F5E658C5FF9F3F505961D90" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1, fs3</emphasis>
short,
<emphasis id="E7E00FBD964F2B4F2B24EF2DA43809C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs4,5</emphasis>
long.
<emphasis id="6D22A4F573FD9EEC205028E9C0DCFE40" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Les1</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="C4063485B0417CF2BA6CA6853C6CCDAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">les2</emphasis>
equal in length, slightly shorter than
<emphasis id="D888B1B53940F8A75E6CD03D7CDAE2BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
; two
<emphasis id="128E9E961BADF31DD7E2D06BC6663502" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
and three
<emphasis id="5466ABD12A24FA7F13D135693AE0A092" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
very short (Figure
<figureCitation id="1A5B2777CF7F33A093F6301738069931" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23A</figureCitation>
). Two stemmata of different size. Antennae (Figure
<figureCitation id="57B6DC84046BC70F5B0B32801E3DDCDC" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23B</figureCitation>
) with sensorium (Se) conical, twice as long as wide, and four sensilla basiconica (sb). Clypeus (Figure
<figureCitation id="17D5C21E74928A46E0CD031FA14A9CE5" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23C</figureCitation>
) trapezium-shaped, anterior margin concave; two medium
<emphasis id="5C37FEC13C2E64B5F2B692ACA4D09013" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="2AA250CC4ADB5FBA44C303834EA5835F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
clearly visible. Labrum (Figure
<figureCitation id="40BFE33F64E767C0DBB25B07695F4A45" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23C</figureCitation>
) with sinuate anterior margin;
<emphasis id="6CCFF284F097842E688C468E699562D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs1</emphasis>
long,
<emphasis id="1D696A9A3902B2C7237436C468B43CC4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs2</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="544AD50E9483A2ADB1FAD589307FD6A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs3</emphasis>
medium. Epipharynx (Figure
<figureCitation id="CAB2827DE8F242362B8083B202764E4C" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23D</figureCitation>
) with three relatively long, finger-shaped
<emphasis id="BFD7D89A5C0D72235C661D461ED316AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
of almost equal length; two finger-shaped
<emphasis id="9C6F12F19ACE3812FF05BC092ED1BE95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
, equal in length; two rod-like
<emphasis id="505291EA06967919BFC0917C9E6E9881" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
of medium length; surface smooth; labral rods short, kidney shaped. Mandibles (Figure
<figureCitation id="11AF08B0436B9CF2879D3A97A1DA1E67" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23E</figureCitation>
) conical, wide, with a small protuberance in the middle of the cutting edge; both
<emphasis id="EF69781716AD7927B74020F71B439F68" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
capilliform, relatively short, equal in length, placed mediolaterally. Maxilla (Figure
<figureCitation id="7A7FE99542008B23B2309635D5B9A10F" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23F</figureCitation>
) with one
<emphasis id="A4AB4AEB0A54D71558BD579F9248609A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
and two
<emphasis id="D48CA01F6749B90CD4FC119A34990C5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
of equal length;
<emphasis id="1A05FECB6B4B94B86DA44B4FF4A7A040" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
very short; mala with seven long finger-like
<emphasis id="5FB46B04513497BCE7C3DC7CDB5CCBFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
of almost equal size, five
<emphasis id="709DBB37C053B17A5E9AB081F830EC78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
different in length. Maxillary palpi: basal palpomere wider than distal, both of almost equal length. Prelabium (Figure
<figureCitation id="AB721DDE440B7AB65F192307AE0DED67" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23F</figureCitation>
) cup-shaped with one very long
<emphasis id="4713B8DEA887069D82BEB3D22E16DB48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
; ligula with two relatively long
<emphasis id="1E301FE8EA287DE5BBDB28A7B71E091A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
; premental sclerite clearly visible, cup-like. Labial palpi two-segmented; basal palpomere distinctly wider than distal, both almost equal in length. Postlabium (Figure
<figureCitation id="12270C45A9ABF42D0389755278E6F088" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23F</figureCitation>
) with three medium
<emphasis id="3782D5CDA32B1ECD1FC2EB2A0A665E6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0E3D63924BAEBDEE78230B2FA4E5A6B5" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
<paragraph id="28C1AA047A8273ACC66242B33ACC10C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="245F3196D22E656B0CC1ED40D518A602" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="76E74BBD058C2D9ABC0BD8B25202DB96" authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus janthiniformis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
<emphasis id="CB78F38DA68D7D590FD0F6EF02456510" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus janthiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature larva, head and mouth parts
<emphasis id="0D4BD87B67F6592300F2E775EF45EDFA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis id="62ECF08A41D829BF2AE06BF393B90AAC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
antenna
<emphasis id="3AC9AB944FBF519E9C48724056176E9A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
clypeus and labrum, dorsal view
<emphasis id="9E0622AC49C1FEE32E185C3FB5522079" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
epipharynx
<emphasis id="10CFFEAC39793C3580694AAC6196A7EC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
left mandible
<emphasis id="A4A24C2C182D24E2D6B499D7FE8FF766" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">F</emphasis>
maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="21DA44135CCF49BF17982410B9821A73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">at</emphasis>
- antenna,
<emphasis id="3C93873EEFCCEAE0C45EF5CA564B430F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
- clypeal sensorium,
<emphasis id="6B58E0E706ED616A42CCC8EEE686BBF1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des</emphasis>
- dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae:
<emphasis id="A02DA0D9BF9B7406E2082DDAB69258FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
- anterolateral,
<emphasis id="D6E2039EEA5C57C69983C1FE1C173A3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
- anteromedial,
<emphasis id="25D1EC245E60CE819F3C351CBA491913" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls</emphasis>
- clypeal,
<emphasis id="C05C679C585C2AF498CA2799801CE28B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
- dorsal malar,
<emphasis id="24E1117ADC29022F590C1D681D1114F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs</emphasis>
- frontal,
<emphasis id="81F672E6CCC8F916D25DDA74E95B3232" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
- ligular,
<emphasis id="3913E60472D26C0823AC7E9D467A9B62" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs</emphasis>
- labral,
<emphasis id="47145ADF7578A5EA6CEDA0AA4DA255D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
- lateral epicranial,
<emphasis id="452998E2DE89FB3065A578BB396E8C81" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
- malar basiventral,
<emphasis id="A71C3D229E30649C8693E42758C21C20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
- mandibular,
<emphasis id="D612C2EE275D24CAF5BCADCF80E91C20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
- median,
<emphasis id="C92059662A099ACE4A590F55E53D20C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mxps</emphasis>
- maxillary palp,
<emphasis id="C765260B24CAA372AC6BD0B5F2F0E6ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
- postepicranial,
<emphasis id="1175D9838364D1D3C9F2C5314FC53513" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
- ventral,
<emphasis id="4A4D2912445057789A0FA5A862CDFF9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
- palpiferal,
<emphasis id="9A27D47DAB62AB1BEC9171A1DE7A4B1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms</emphasis>
- postlabial,
<emphasis id="AFCC5D4C5C09DCC152AD91B49B94D90E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
- prelabial,
<emphasis id="F75679B051D80CD703E5EF2CB4ED67FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
- stipal,
<emphasis id="976D9A7F9245AB6A006115EB3BDF324C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
- ventral malar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="087791041ED3FBCCD8383EFF0DE562E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="63517E97A326D8142D71D3774BE169A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of pupa</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D773BD409695D7643CB6904AB3EA755F" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
(Figure
<figureCitation id="12A65DD80D4BC8E97704F581A6A9DB97" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Mecinus janthiniformis pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, sls - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital, vs - vertical." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419878" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">24A-C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="C6AF2D67411BECE67CD213E9F197E24A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm). Head width: 0.46-0.66. Body width: 1.20-1.66. Body length: 3.22-4.16.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8EF9AA34FE2996EC33D4597072A537FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="5D194C139922FE77876831D90DD8CDDE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
elongated, white. Rostrum slender, about four times as long as wide, reaching almost up to mesocoxae. Antennae slender and elongated. Pronotum 1.3 times as wide as long. Urogomphi (ur) slender and elongated, conical, with sclerotised apex, distinctly reaching outline of the body, directed outside (Figure
<figureCitation id="A36AF16C2C61CA357C42A311E42BA058" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Mecinus janthiniformis pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, sls - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital, vs - vertical." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419878" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">24A, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28B56A709D9ECF96BF125950B74D8672" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="3537032CB663531B3B9A133842923357" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
well developed, setae medium long or elongated, unequal length. Head with one long
<emphasis id="7577EAE2AB4264E3EE096DD08645AB5C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vs</emphasis>
, two
<emphasis id="E5364E389C68EC50F2EA6C85FF6F31F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sos</emphasis>
different in length, two
<emphasis id="A11FFDE8B8BA85AB4CC5D61DA3C1F7F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
different in length and two
<emphasis id="A18CBABF582F32E09FA8679FF6A8FA4B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
different in length. Rostrum with one
<emphasis id="1257EDAD3FE9A7EB0CCB05D112E69274" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
(Figure
<figureCitation id="FBEC93A4BF59D3D593BFC2A88805A1FA" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Mecinus janthiniformis pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, sls - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital, vs - vertical." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419878" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">24A</figureCitation>
). Pronotum with two
<emphasis id="F2081088FE137915BAB8F994566C7066" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
, one
<emphasis id="58836F02866DF295726969F4678CA3D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
, two
<emphasis id="B8DCD025AD68E1F17845085B77900F42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
, two
<emphasis id="954C73235492CAB85020F870C6898CC6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
, and three
<emphasis id="209ACA85A6CF8DA94C63C2940F06BDD9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls</emphasis>
(Figure
<figureCitation id="440289AFDD414E520276619930865610" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Mecinus janthiniformis pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, sls - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital, vs - vertical." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419878" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">24B, C</figureCitation>
). All setae on prothorax elongated, equal in length (Figure
<figureCitation id="66E17294CDBB8C85F6FC362BB43988D0" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Mecinus janthiniformis pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, sls - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital, vs - vertical." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419878" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">24C</figureCitation>
). Setae on head and rostrum shorter than those on prothorax. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with three setae placed medially. Abdominal segments I-VIII with two setae placed laterally and three medium long setae ventrally. Dorsal parts of abdominal segments I-VII with six setae (
<emphasis id="7DF2F0EA0074226D440546C7D3054D3A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d1-4</emphasis>
placed posteromedially,
<emphasis id="02563D4C4EF56764795D7458EBBF6F09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d5-6</emphasis>
posterolaterally); segment VIII with five very long setae dorsally. Abdominal segment IX with two micro-setae ventrally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2B25A875FB7D38E4C43A764EEE20C2FF" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419878" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 24" startId="F24">
<paragraph id="92B4D8029A5BEEB3FD8974CD6900CE46" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="12C2F379EB953556451A46E743295569" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F6FD369AC2F32822E48DEC0A25F1AD39" authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus janthiniformis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
<emphasis id="D7F6A7F44861A13A3C62BDB6DFD6DE19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus janthiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupa habitus and chaetotaxy
<emphasis id="B4CF87FDD5FCED5E4EDBDB7E2FEFCB7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis id="D8A13F71D3411A64755D85A26E70C53D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="2046D6C3AE089A33F2594D7650ECE062" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae:
<emphasis id="9DAAF61C7196261EAE6F4E9152BDF457" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
- apical,
<emphasis id="3F338F04E7EA22904D59EFD27F5EB5EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d</emphasis>
- dorsal,
<emphasis id="FF5C7CDA0EEE5D231D889E56E141C56A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
- discal,
<emphasis id="02206F1CB063B1320DC1F1D296141C38" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fes</emphasis>
- femoral,
<emphasis id="8A27BED3DE23F7B40EBE7504735E814C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">l</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="49D4FD85D8BBB661451C0E7CEE816F3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
- lateral,
<emphasis id="368EA178F284B979F614AEF28B6EC1BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
- orbital,
<emphasis id="AEF7303455B922B027BE7BE56D9E93C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
- postantennal,
<emphasis id="76DFAD8A302D7F0183DF2647C72BF2BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls</emphasis>
- posterolateral,
<emphasis id="C623E28BABA024822A947E4FCA0C6E60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
- rostral,
<emphasis id="69D6453745E27079C83F9EE56FD3184D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
- superlateral,
<emphasis id="C153E6D9902E7D3770973C18E47C3948" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sos</emphasis>
- superorbital,
<emphasis id="331ED44319778E9676C6B9A3A113DDC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vs</emphasis>
- vertical.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FB7C0744B9DC30EB8E1AF7E4B5D5E3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="notes">
<paragraph id="BAB9A74C4FAE8EB79B3F6BDC3FB5336A" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Biological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DCF05363A1B024C23E67D33B42CDB94F" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
The host plants of
<taxonomicName id="90AA16A34BB883D13A5766F2E9CE69A2" lsidName="M. janthiniformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
<emphasis id="54485721D8A53B30509EB8503913FFB4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. janthiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are
<taxonomicName id="BEFE503FA82D2293BA009EABBD08C42D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Linaria genistifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis id="B0F465E10E2BF2B94611B48A9E4A7BBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Linaria genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Mill. and
<taxonomicName id="72FF97EA08A140631E1C9B157053F037" lsidName="L. dalmatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="dalmatica">
<emphasis id="15157A58F240E05CEB88B5A91A0B3591" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. dalmatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Mill., as well as all variable forms and hypothetical hybrids between these two plant species.
<taxonomicName id="96A1107F0350EBE0ABA5B56346E941BA" authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus janthiniformis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
<emphasis id="AF165BEA6BD11D85126EB94383EEC919" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus janthiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits stands from lowlands to mountain pastures and meadows up to 1500 m. At the beginning of the 1990s, this species was introduced as a biological control agent for the control of invasive toadflaxes in North America (
<bibRefCitation id="B601680788722FF46F6DC93E06E29F16" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12430" author="Tosevski, I" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Applied Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="16 - 34" refId="B49" refString="Tosevski, I, Sing, SE, De Clerck-Floate, R, McClay, A, Weaver, DK, Schwarzlaender, M, Krstic, O, Jovic, J, Gassmann, A, 2018. Twenty-five years after: post-introduction association of Mecinus janthinus with invasive host toadflaxes Linaria vulgaris and Linaria dalmatica in North America. Annals of Applied Biology 173: 16 - 34, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12430" title="Twenty-five years after: post-introduction association of Mecinus janthinus with invasive host toadflaxes Linaria vulgaris and Linaria dalmatica in North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12430" volume="173" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="7E59A8BBB65975DF15C0F71CE1730658" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). Adults emerge in early spring and feed on the apical part of newly growing shoots. The females lay eggs over the next three months on the upper part of the main stem, including the lateral branches of the plant. Oviposition and larval development induce a slightly elongate gall in which the larvae pupate. The adults of this species overwinter inside the main stem of the host plant or inside induced galls on lateral branches (
<bibRefCitation id="2DE9F2C7E146168672D25AECB1491E40" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x" author="Tosevski, I" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="741 - 753" refId="B47" refString="Tosevski, I, Caldara, R, Jovic, J, Hernandez-Vera, G, Baviera, C, Gassmann, A, Emerson, BC, 2011. Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae). Systematic Entomology 36: 741 - 753, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x" title="Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x" volume="36" year="2011">
<normalizedToken id="EC946A82E24AB9B5E74AEC83163EC448" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
et al. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4429AC78E7EE58C2DD235B731185FC32" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="7BFF6756B3A44E2945FC3EEEA03194D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Remarks and comparative notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C89C9F9ED55054C089B826EDD7429ED0" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
The distribution of
<taxonomicName id="91FEAFCB8D4D594A7CD32D222B2435A5" lsidName="M. janthiniformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
<emphasis id="B8481035638976F12494C180F38779C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. janthiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
follows that of the two host plants,
<taxonomicName id="28143765A8B46EC1FCD9F2E6DE37727C" lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis id="EB033AA20950582FD11FD0C65C9F10B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Mill. and
<taxonomicName id="99D55BC62B02D93C7B82C6053BBD64E0" lsidName="L. dalmatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="dalmatica">
<emphasis id="449011045734D6050F65C0948EC8DEBD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. dalmatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(eastern part of central and southeastern Europe to southern central Siberia, the northern Caucasian states and Turkey). Its separation from
<taxonomicName id="B83E0F7F9FDE5D2DE5EA2B6F9D40F7B6" lsidName="M. janthinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="janthinus">
<emphasis id="F8FAB12B9F63063B0D9FEC4A58C552BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. janthinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the species level was clearly shown based on very careful biological and genetic studies (
<bibRefCitation id="B746CE77CACE8EE50AC95B2BA035BFB2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x" author="Tosevski, I" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="741 - 753" refId="B47" refString="Tosevski, I, Caldara, R, Jovic, J, Hernandez-Vera, G, Baviera, C, Gassmann, A, Emerson, BC, 2011. Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae). Systematic Entomology 36: 741 - 753, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x" title="Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x" volume="36" year="2011">
<normalizedToken id="CAF0D7A69A90A41D1384E3693CB699D6" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
et al. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
), but unfortunately, easy identification is only possible by collecting the specimens together with their host plants. Usually, in
<taxonomicName id="82870C3053CDC7E46723D704780C357C" lsidName="M. janthiniformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
<emphasis id="E18793282B2A98EC5FB78D52C76032C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. janthiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the body is larger (length 3.2-6.0 mm), the apical part of the rostrum in females in lateral view is more curved, the punctures of the pronotum are slightly smaller and more densely adpressed, and the scales of the elytral interstriae are denser, arranged in two rows on part of several interstriae. The larvae of these two species show numerous differences in the number of setae in many parts of the body, whereas the differences are few in the pupae (see keys).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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