treatments-xml/data/C4/03/87/C403878DBD6D744DB687B62BFDDE46D3.xml

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<mods:title id="5A336691C9CFAB77D55AFDEE2945BA23">Two new species of Zamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from the Magdalena-Urabá moist forests ecoregion of northern Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A9B9FE41ABDBF3412DDB54711658A94A">Calonje, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BE412CB69CC7840FAFD03536AEA082D0">Montgomery Botanical Center, Coral Gables, FL, U. S. A. &amp; Sociedad Colombiana de Cycadas, Medellín, Colombia &amp; michaelc @ montgomerybotanical. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9650 - 3136</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ABCB2D1DFE7480BA3B0C3E70BCFAB733">Hernández, Jonatan Castro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="68220DE415A6D31B0471B27DF58D09FA">Sociedad Colombiana de Cycadas, Medellín, Colombia &amp; Grupo de investigaciones EECO, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia &amp; jonatan. castro @ udea. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6766 - 3138</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2E847E023BE976A42DFB6E802B463480">Coca, Luis Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="32A2055E177CAF1891373B516125E80B">Herbario Universidad de Caldas (FAUC), Manizales, Caldas, Colombia &amp; lfcoca @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6325 - 2764</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CBB9BF21CBEF07002320DB885AC7235E">Jaramillo, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6E3CA8DC3F9EBE12C976DDC89D9B4F44">Instituto de Investigaciones en Estratigrafía, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia &amp; Danieljlo @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9406 - 1119</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A9F4156E234D1A4BEB307C3C8D83F9D2">Aristizábal, Arturo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C28CD023D42F848C6E7F6D33D65B0154">Sociedad Colombiana de Cycadas, Medellín, Colombia &amp; Universidad CES, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia &amp; aaristizabale @ ces. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1814 - 1752</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="F99D725981AAD2942E45D7C5566E4878">2021</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6D7448B687B62BFDD64623" authority="Calonje &amp; J.Castro" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,546,1562,1588]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinuensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B687B62BFEB14623" bold="true" box="[136,325,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zamia sinuensis</emphasis>
Calonje &amp; J.Castro
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<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B426B62AFD8C4623" box="[553,632,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
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(Figs. 7A–G, 8A–I, 9A–F)
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<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B687B657FF07466B" bold="true" box="[136,243,1638,1660]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
—The species is similar to 
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<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B40DB657FD54466C" box="[514,672,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zamia manicata</emphasis>
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from which it is distinguished in having leaflets that are strongly undulate and lacking a distinct petiolule and gland-like collar at the junction of the lamina and the petiolule.
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— 
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. 
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. Taborda &amp; 
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.
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(
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!)
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.
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Additional specimens examined (
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):
</emphasis>
— 
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: 
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: 
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. 
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. Taborda, 
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. Hernández 1147
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(
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!).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B687B76FFEE8476F" bold="true" box="[136,284,1886,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description:</emphasis>
— 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B737B76EFE9A476E" box="[312,366,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Stem</emphasis>
hypogeous or semihypogeous, tuberous, solitary or clumping with up to three apices, cylindrical, 10–30 × 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD6D7448B6E1B7B3FEA0478A" box="[238,340,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20 cm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B76FB7B3FE2D478B" box="[352,473,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cataphylls</emphasis>
chartaceous, triangular to narrowly triangular, pale tomentum covering from the base, pale brown-colored, losing tomentum and turning dry and brown at maturity, 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD6D7448B5FCB797FB8A47D6" box="[1011,1150,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" metricValueMax="14.5" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="9.9" valueMax="14.5" valueMin="5.3">5.3–14.5 cm</quantity>
long and 2.0–5.0 cm wide at the base. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B701B7FAFEA847F3" box="[270,348,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leaves</emphasis>
3–6 per apex, erect to slightly spreading, 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD6D7448B538B7FBFC5C47F2" box="[823,936,1994,2021]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="2.45" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="1.8">1.8–3.1 m</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD6D7448B5FFB7FBFB7E47F2" box="[1008,1162,1994,2021]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.825" metricValueMax="5.24" metricValueMin="2.41" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="38.25" valueMax="52.4" valueMin="24.1">24.1–52.4 cm</quantity>
wide. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B2D8B7FBFAD247F3" box="[1239,1318,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Petiole</emphasis>
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD6D7448B321B7FBFA5F47F2" box="[1326,1451,1994,2021]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="17.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="97.5" valueMax="175.0" valueMin="20.0">20–175 cm</quantity>
long and 0.7–1.0 cm thick at the middle, entire length strongly to moderately armed with prickles 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD6D7448B2ECB7DFFA9F481E" box="[1251,1387,2030,2057]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–3.6 mm</quantity>
long, abruptly swollen base 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD6D7448B78FB823FE26483A" box="[384,466,2066,2093]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
thick. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B412B823FD9D483B" box="[541,617,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rachis</emphasis>
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD6D7448B460B823FD1F483A" box="[623,747,2066,2093]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="13.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="77.5" valueMax="135.0" valueMin="20.0">20–135 cm</quantity>
long, lightly armed with prickles in the proximal third. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B35CB823FA58483B" box="[1363,1452,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leaflets</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD6C7449B687B7A4FA6647D8" blockId="9.[136,1451,1941,1999]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6C7449B687B7A4FF0A47BD" bold="true" box="[136,254,1941,1963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6C7449B70BB7A7FEB547BC" authority="Cogollo" authorityName="Linnaeus (1763:" authorityYear="1659" box="[260,321,1942,1963]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6C7449B70BB7A7FEB547BC" box="[260,321,1942,1963]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Zamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“Cogollo” in habitat. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6C7449B419B7A4FDDA47BD" bold="true" box="[534,558,1941,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A.</emphasis>
Large plant with Arturo Aristizábal holding two leaves. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6C7449B242B7A4FB9747BD" bold="true" box="[1101,1123,1941,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B.</emphasis>
Leaf. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6C7449B2ADB7A4FB4D47BC" bold="true" box="[1186,1209,1941,1963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C.</emphasis>
Median leaflets showing adaxially raised longitudinal crease. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6C7449B7E8B788FE0B47D9" bold="true" box="[487,511,1977,1998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D.</emphasis>
Immature ovulate strobilus showing elongated sterile apex. Photographs by Arturo Aristizábal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD6F744AB687B7A4FEB94800" blockId="10.[136,1451,1941,2071]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6F744AB687B7A4FEF647BD" bold="true" box="[136,258,1941,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE.</emphasis>
Vegetative characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6F744AB421B7A7FD3A47BC" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[558,718,1942,1963]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinuensis">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6F744AB421B7A7FD3A47BC" box="[558,718,1942,1963]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zamia sinuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6F744AB4D0B7A4FD0347BD" bold="true" box="[735,759,1941,1962]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A.</emphasis>
Leaflet tip showing dentation. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6F744AB236B7A4FBBB47BD" bold="true" box="[1081,1103,1941,1962]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B.</emphasis>
Median leaflets illustrating strong undulation, abaxial side. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6F744AB777B788FE6447D8" bold="true" box="[376,400,1977,1999]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C.</emphasis>
Median section of petiole armed with prickles. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6F744AB555B788FC8647D9" bold="true" box="[858,882,1977,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D.</emphasis>
Leaf, abaxial side. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6F744AB222B788FBB047D9" bold="true" box="[1069,1092,1977,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E.</emphasis>
Cataphyll. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6F744AB2BCB788FB3147D9" bold="true" box="[1203,1221,1977,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F.</emphasis>
Apex of new leaf in the process of expansion showing white tomentum. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6F744AB459B7ECFD9B47E4" bold="true" box="[598,623,2013,2035]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G.</emphasis>
Median leaflet (dry). Photographs taken at 
<typeStatus id="93118839BD6F744AB200B7EFFBCC47E4" box="[1039,1080,2014,2035]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
locality by Jonatan Castro, illustration by Michael Calonje.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD6E744BB687B7A4FCB54800" blockId="11.[136,1453,1941,2071]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6E744BB687B7A4FF0847BD" bold="true" box="[136,252,1941,1963]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE.</emphasis>
Reproductive characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6E744BB421B7A7FD3C47BC" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[558,712,1942,1963]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinuensis">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6E744BB421B7A7FD3C47BC" box="[558,712,1942,1963]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zamia sinuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6E744BB4DCB7A4FD1E47BD" bold="true" box="[723,746,1941,1962]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A.</emphasis>
Pollen strobilus near pollen dehiscence. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6E744BB264B7A4FB7547BD" bold="true" box="[1131,1153,1941,1962]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B.</emphasis>
Pollen strobilus with peduncle. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6E744BB687B788FF5447D8" bold="true" box="[136,160,1977,1999]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C.</emphasis>
Microsporophyll shield. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6E744BB79AB788FE5947D9" bold="true" box="[405,429,1977,1998]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D.</emphasis>
Microsporophyll adaxial side. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6E744BB4D3B788FD0747D9" bold="true" box="[732,755,1977,1998]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E.</emphasis>
Microsporophyll abaxial side. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6E744BB22DB788FBC047D9" bold="true" box="[1058,1076,1977,1998]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">F.</emphasis>
Ovulate strobilus, fully developed but slightly immature. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6E744BB733B7ECFEA147E4" bold="true" box="[316,341,2013,2035]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G.</emphasis>
Megasporophyll, abaxial side. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6E744BB470B7ECFD6C47E5" bold="true" box="[639,664,2013,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H.</emphasis>
Megasporophyll shield. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6E744BB58BB7ECFC6747E5" bold="true" box="[900,915,2013,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">I.</emphasis>
Close-up of distal half of ovulate strobilus. Photographs taken at 
<typeStatus id="93118839BD6E744BB6D6B833FEF64800" box="[217,258,2050,2071]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
locality by Jonatan Castro, illustration by Michael Calonje.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD69744CB687B7A6FDC0480E" blockId="12.[136,1451,1943,2074]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD69744CB687B7A6FF0A47BA" bold="true" box="[136,254,1943,1965]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD69744CB70BB7A9FE6B47BA" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[260,415,1944,1965]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinuensis">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD69744CB70BB7A9FE6B47BA" box="[260,415,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Zamia sinuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in habitat. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD69744CB403B7A6FDD047BB" bold="true" box="[524,548,1943,1964]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A.</emphasis>
Large megasporangiate plant with three apices and three ovulate strobili, with David Taborda for scale. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD69744CB6E8B78DFF0947C6" bold="true" box="[231,253,1980,2001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B.</emphasis>
Immature and near-mature ovulate strobili. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD69744CB4A6B78AFD3447C6" bold="true" box="[681,704,1979,2001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C.</emphasis>
Close-up of stem and petiole bases. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD69744CB22BB78DFBC847C6" bold="true" box="[1060,1084,1980,2001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D.</emphasis>
Microsporangiate plant. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD69744CB320B78DFAB147C6" bold="true" box="[1327,1349,1980,2001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E.</emphasis>
Leaf apex displaying strongly undulate leaflets. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD69744CB7F9B7D1FDFC47E2" bold="true" box="[502,520,2016,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">F.</emphasis>
Pollen strobilus near dehiscence stage. All photographs taken at 
<typeStatus id="93118839BD69744CB28CB7D1FB5847E2" box="[1155,1196,2016,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
locality. Photograph E by David Taborda, all others by Jonatan Castro.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD68744DB687B0AFFB2942EE" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1733]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
11–54, suboppositely to subalternately arranged, spaced 3.0– 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB537B0AFFC7040AE" box="[824,900,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
apart at leaf center, articulate insertion on rachis 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB687B0F3FEE640CA" box="[136,274,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="5.6" valueMax="6.9" valueMin="4.3">4.3–6.9 mm</quantity>
wide, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, strongly discolorous, adaxially dark green and lustrous, abaxially light green and dull, new leaflets emerging densely white tomentose, gradually becoming glabrous, lanceolate, symmetrical to slightly falcate, strongly undulate longitudinally, margins revolute and bearing 32–39 marginal teeth 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB687B11FFEE6415E" box="[136,274,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="0.6">0.6–2.3 mm</quantity>
long restricted to distal half, basal leaflets 24.5–26.2 × 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB5AEB11FFBD1415E" box="[929,1061,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="4.35" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="4.2">4.2–4.5 cm</quantity>
, middle leaflets 23.5–25.8 × 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB375B11FFF2D417A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="3.8" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.7">3.7– 3.9 cm</quantity>
, apical leaflets 17.9–21.6 × 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB413B163FD6A417A" box="[540,670,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="3.3" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.5 cm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB4A5B163FCB8417B" box="[682,844,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pollen strobili</emphasis>
1–5 per crown, at pollen shedding 4.9–5.1 × 1.0– 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB386B163FF594186" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
, peduncle 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB727B147FE6D4186" box="[296,409,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="23.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="23.0">23–24 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB7EBB147FD8B4186" box="[484,639,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="0.39" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.38">0.38–0.40 cm</quantity>
diameter at base, strobilar axis and inner surfaces of microsporophylls glabrous. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB6F8B1ABFE4841A3" box="[247,444,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Microsporophylls</emphasis>
spirally arranged in 15 orthostichies of 12–13 fertile sporophylls each, 5.0–5.6 × 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB358B1ABFF4241CE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.35" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="5.35" valueMax="5.4" valueMin="5.3">5.3–5.4 mm</quantity>
, distal shield encompassing 1/4 to 1/3 of sporophyll length, external face hexagonal relatively flat with rounded edges, cream colored with reddish-brown speckled tomentum, abaxial surface with 14–16 microsporangia aggregated into two separate groups along margins and extending beyond surface of lamina, adaxial surface glabrous and lacking microsporangia. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB74CB21BFE064253" box="[323,498,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ovulate strobili</emphasis>
typically one per stem apex, 27.5 × 5.0 cm, reddish-brown, cylindrical with elongated sterile apex 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB71DB27FFE85427E" box="[274,369,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 mm</quantity>
long. Strobilar axes and megasporophyll pedicels glabrous on mature strobili, peduncle 40.0 × 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB687B243FEFD429A" box="[136,265,626,653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="1.8" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.1 cm</quantity>
, dark olive green with fine tan tomentum. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB4E3B243FC59429B" box="[748,941,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Megasporophylls</emphasis>
spirally arranged in 8 orthostichies of 13–14 sporophylls each, pedicel 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB7A8B2A7FDE942A6" box="[423,541,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="11.0">11–14 mm</quantity>
long, sterile shield flat (not extruded), 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB5C6B2A7FBD142A6" box="[969,1061,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
thick with oblong-hexagonal distal face 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB6B0B28BFECD42C2" box="[191,313,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 mm</quantity>
tall and 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB791B28BFDEC42C2" box="[414,536,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="23.0">23–24 mm</quantity>
wide and terminal face shallowly depressed. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB210B28BFBAB42C3" box="[1055,1119,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Seeds</emphasis>
ovoid to ovoid-pyramidal, at maturity 13.0–14.0 × 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB773B2EFFDF742EE" box="[380,515,734,761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5–8.5 mm</quantity>
with sarcotesta 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB4B7B2EFFD0D42EE" box="[696,761,734,761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
thick, sclerotesta 11.0–12.0 × 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD68744DB240B2EFFB2D42EE" box="[1103,1241,734,761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="6.5">6.5–7.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B06510BD68744DB6B2B333FB8B430A" box="[189,1151,770,797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD68744DB6B2B333FB8B430A" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1733]" box="[189,1151,770,797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB6B2B333FEBB430B" bold="true" box="[189,335,770,796]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The epithet refers to the Sinú River basin in which this species occurs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B06510BD68744DB6B2B317FD944476" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD68744DB6B2B317FD944476" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1733]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB6B2B317FDA64357" bold="true" box="[189,594,806,832]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution, habitat and climate:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD68744DB461B316FCD14357" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[622,805,807,832]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinuensis">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB461B316FCD14357" box="[622,805,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zamia sinuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from two simultaneous collections within the same population occurring 
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distant from each other in disturbed tropical moist forest in the Sinú River basin. The known elevational range is 
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180– 
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. The climate within the area of occupancy of 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD68744DB29AB35EFAE8439F" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[1173,1308,879,904]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinuensis">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB29AB35EFAE8439F" box="[1173,1308,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Z. sinuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is classified as tropical monsoon (Am) by the Koppen-Geiger classification system (
<bibRefCitation id="283B4B6ABD68744DB5B1B3A3FBA243BA" author="Geiger, R." box="[958,1110,914,941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref6966" refString="Geiger, R. (1954) Classification of climates after W. Koppen. Landolt-Bornstein - Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik, alte Serie. Springer, Berlin." type="book" year="1954">Geiger, 1954</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="283B4B6ABD68744DB26BB3A2FAF343BB" author="Koppen, W." box="[1124,1287,914,941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="243 - 248" refId="ref7165" refString="Koppen, W. (1918) Klassification der Klimate nach Temperatur, Niederschlag and Jahreslauf. Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen 64: 193 - 203, 243 - 248." type="journal article" year="1918">Köppen, 1918</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="283B4B6ABD68744DB31AB3A3FF3143C6" author="Kottek, M. &amp; Grieser, J. &amp; Beck, C. &amp; Rudolf, B. &amp; Rubel, F." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="259 - 263" refId="ref7195" refString="Kottek, M., Grieser, J., Beck, C., Rudolf, B. &amp; Rubel, F. (2006) World Map of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 15: 259 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 0941 - 2948 / 2006 / 0130" type="journal article" year="2006">
Kottek 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB365B3A2FA5143BB" box="[1386,1445,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006
</bibRefCitation>
). It is characterized by having monthly mean temperatures above 18 °C and a distinct dry season. The annual mean temperature within its area of occupancy ranges between 25.4° C and 25.5° C, and the annual precipitation ranges between 
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/yr. The rainfall pattern is relatively unimodal, with the dry season occurring December through March, and the rainy season in April through November. The rainiest month is May with 
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, and the driest month is February, with 
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B06510BD68744DB6B2B45BFDDE46D3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD68744DB6B2B45BFF15452F" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1733]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB6B2B45BFED24493" bold="true" box="[189,294,1130,1156]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ecology:</emphasis>
—This species remains poorly understood and understudied due to the logistical difficulties and security concerns impeding long-term access to its habitat. Little is known about its demography, population viability, or biological interactions (e.g. pollination and seed dispersal agents, herbivory, etc.). During our 
<date id="3814105BBD68744DB2A4B483FAB044DB" box="[1195,1348,1202,1228]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2017-10">October 2017</date>
visit, we observed pollen strobili at near pollen release, immature and near-mature ovulate strobili, and newly emerging leaves. Additional observations at different times of the year will be necessary to better understand the phenology of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD68744DB6B2B573FDC845DF" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1733]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB6B2B573FE93454B" bold="true" box="[189,359,1346,1372]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Conservation:</emphasis>
—The only known collections of this species are from within a protected area, Paramillo National Park. Nevertheless, the distribution, abundance, demography, and threats facing this species remain unknown, so the species should be considered Data Deficient (DD) in the IUCN Red List until enough information is obtained to adequately assess its risk of extinction.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD68744DB6B2B5E3FDDE46D3" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1733]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB6B2B5E3FD6845FB" bold="true" box="[189,668,1490,1516]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Morphological and taxonomic affinities:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD68744DB4B7B5E2FC9945FB" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[696,877,1491,1516]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinuensis">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB4B7B5E2FC9945FB" box="[696,877,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zamia sinuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely resembles 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD68744DB273B5E2FAF545FB" authorityName="Linden ex Regel" authorityYear="1876" box="[1148,1281,1491,1516]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manicata">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB273B5E2FAF545FB" box="[1148,1281,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Z. manicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the species can readily be distinguished from each other based on several qualitative morphological characters (Table 2). 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD68744DB36BB5C6FF1B4623" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinuensis">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB36BB5C6FF1B4623" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zamia sinuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD68744DB430B62AFD314623" authorityName="Linden ex Regel" authorityYear="1876" box="[575,709,1563,1588]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manicata">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB430B62AFD314623" box="[575,709,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Z. manicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its strongly undulate leaflets lacking a petiolule and gland-like collar at the base. It is separated from populations of 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD68744DB4D0B60EFC93464F" authorityName="Linden ex Regel" authorityYear="1876" box="[735,871,1599,1625]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="13" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manicata">
Z. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB4F0B60EFC93464F" box="[767,871,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">manicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the Serranía de Abibe, a northward extension of the Andean Cordillera Occidental, but it shares the Sinú River basin with 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD68744DB5C3B652FBB9466B" authorityName="Lindstrom" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Stevenson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[972,1101,1635,1660]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restrepoi">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD68744DB5C3B652FBB9466B" box="[972,1101,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Z. restrepoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and occurs only 
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distant from historic collections of this species. However, the two species do not resemble each other at all vegetatively (Fig. 1) and do not appear to be sympatric.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>