173 lines
17 KiB
XML
173 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="2BAF546EB8CB83C7AE0FBF9C778AA59D" ID-CLB-Dataset="53749" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe3035b3-171d-4eed-b174-52215d61cf0a" ID-PMC="PMC3833731" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1993-078X-1-23" ID-PubMed="24260617" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1993-078X-1-23" ModsDocOrigin="Comparative Cytogenetics 5 (1)" ModsDocTitle="Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa" checkinTime="1552150672783" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wuelker, Wolfgang F., Kiknadze, I. I. & Istomina, A. G." docDate="2011" docId="C325A481C496ED53DAD84496D58139AC" docLanguage="en" docName="CompCytogen 5 (1): 23-46" docOrigin="Comparative Cytogenetics 1" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975" docTitle="Chironomus alluaudi Kieffer 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFB7FFCAFFB9D06EBA09FF9AFFAFFFAF" masterDocTitle="Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1732782188470" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="C6CACAB93BBD8C9E4F68F8EB438FF69B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5CA46756D5046D369B778A8703A52682">
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<mods:title id="DE3D28A137A3C83E8A7911BEEBF79881">Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1D6CF536B996377F0CC8EB5829F133C8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="16D4B66688535E0577F313E6D204C14C">Wuelker, Wolfgang F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F660E6504496E81095E743E7592D62AA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C4EEB616D2370958A457BB5242D5A35C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B1AF28073C9362025D3C4388B535DDF4">Kiknadze, I. I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="FC80C24A9DC06DB297EF1588FE2FBD11" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="92AF0752729D7960F7AECB8A57BEF87F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="66342EA69E1668549A83A9CC9C62AFC7">Istomina, A. G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BFAB6BE8F127C03F5A937FF0B129AC84">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E07E8B42FFFD59CF4085A4FF37E35BA9">
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<mods:title id="D25E5A7DE8DCC167532B18A940EBE2B0">Comparative Cytogenetics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B15890E97EFF800D3F891BB653B475B9">
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<mods:date id="4D80BD7483AAE00C0C965FC061CB2EB4">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E8D5FB42ECEDD61B1E32F0D00E2BEA68" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7731036049EF3E907F62D20CF792416D">1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="7D4E59D4F0A4F3C8B45E9CBB73EEFA15" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="7C82B6D566DC1496EB6045160D0F9DC9">23</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="D62C3E4967294BA72EAE0C06B2638ECE">
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<mods:url id="A353C6C15695FB4E7544F195E89EBE21">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="7A517F73DDD159A7AF790CD4776B046F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="904B21DFA97A8B2E1856B2CB0AB78649" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2FB85FE6EFF2DD9D7B84D1F59B9483EB" type="Pensoft-Pub">1993-078X-1-23</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="C325A481C496ED53DAD84496D58139AC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154365655" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C325A481C496ED53DAD84496D58139AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C325A481C496ED53DAD84496D58139AC" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" scope_family="Chironomidae" scope_order="Diptera">
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<subSubSection id="043CCD9C5ED8ACEB3248CF1E2A68B32F" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5B19796D117DE19B98A89B6071C7365D" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="771265C987A19E0BFE6FB990B7BF745F" ID-CoL="69SX9" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Chironomus_alluaudi" authority="Kieffer, 1913" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus alluaudi" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">Chironomus alluaudi Kieffer, 1913</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC50FDB40683541B251865E7D524078F" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="previous reports">
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<paragraph id="5D416B445C817B67571A1B1B7BAA91B9" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Previous reports:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EC75E448EEA23EC11026E138FFEC5284" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<bibRefCitation id="F55F1D51E8E1C5C4E80C575CB38C3C7D" author="Kieffer, J" journalOrPublisher="Paris" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 43" title="Chironomidae et Cecidymyidae Voyage de Ch. alluaudi. Et R. Jeanell en Afrique Orientale (1911 - 1912)" volumeTitle="Resultats scientifique Insectes Dipteres" year="1913">Kieffer 1913</bibRefCitation>
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, imago.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA888DE34DF8AF891E3D95A4C43F1623" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<bibRefCitation id="1619158A43C5775EF2DE86D89F5A02D5" author="Freeman, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="321 - 426" title="A study of Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, part III." volume="5" year="1957">Freeman 1957</bibRefCitation>
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, imago.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B2B9435E8948AF27AEB03F069D7963F5" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<bibRefCitation id="F9C1C4F6A335E483B6D174162338873B" author="Wuelker, W" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="112 - 123" title="Basic patterns in the chromosome evolution of the genus Chironomus (Diptera)." volume="18" year="1980">
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<normalizedToken id="6285F9B2D1463F85C4D5B5512A741B80" originalValue="Wülker">Wuelker</normalizedToken>
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1980
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</bibRefCitation>
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, photo of arms A-G
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="53C2C1D38C11459749497D4BA404D746" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<bibRefCitation id="98612847F4F25A93BF717EC133F88353" author="Wuelker, W" journalOrPublisher="Acta biologica debrecina, supplement oecologica Hungarica" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="373 - 387" title="Computer-assisted studies of chromosome evolution in the genus Chironomus (Dipt.). Comparative and integrated analysis of chromosome arms A, E and F." volume="2" year="1989">
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<normalizedToken id="6C8D81E4820CB583A30199EB41FA23B5" originalValue="Wülker">Wuelker</normalizedToken>
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et al. 1989
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</bibRefCitation>
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, phylogenetic position
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4A8430C063C468EB732AA5D695D7D334" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<bibRefCitation id="7DD79C91BC2E5545A3EA9B90F2129C75" author="Kiknadze, II" journalOrPublisher="Siberian Oekological Journal" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="635 - 652" title="Pattern of chromosomal polymorphism during population and species divergence in Chironomus (Diptera, Chironomidae)" volume="11" year="2004">Kiknadze et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
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, list of banding sequences of arms A, C, D, E, and F
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62A1753100001916F8A191EFA3E98DB6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="karyotype">
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<paragraph id="B4EE50E8544220F87B659135C99D453A" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Karyotype</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C1261F197C928B22C05EA2884B267A8" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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(Fig. 1a). Haploid number n=4, arm combination AE CD BF G (
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<normalizedToken id="E5FBA709617F1869195BAB60DF44D0DF" originalValue="“pseudothummi”">"pseudothummi"</normalizedToken>
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cytocomplex), centromere bands not heterochromatinized, nucleolus in arm G (terminal), at least 3 Balbiani Rings (BRs) on arm G, inversion polymorphism in arms C and G.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="4777D512186E69F6865EF240174D2C03" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<paragraph id="95C744AB33C832CF99916ECD4B9F11D3" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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Figure 1a. Karyotype of
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<taxonomicName id="D366452EF08F38C68D04540FD26AB684" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus alluaudi" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">Chironomus alluaudi</taxonomicName>
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. In this and all other Figures: allA1.1, allE1.1 etc. - symbols of arm and homozygous genotypic combinations N - nucleolus BR - Balbiani ring, arrows show centromeric bands, brackets near chromosome arms show inversions.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="3D3E501ADD7F3DB9B03CBD478592FEF8" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Banding sequences (Fig. 1b-g)</paragraph>
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<caption id="B4E7925DC2DCDB6C728C42B4BBCC0A4E" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<paragraph id="131B6331F3858AC4DF93128D1A57A2DB" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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Figure 1b-g. Homozygous banding sequences of
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<taxonomicName id="457F686D4A9C3BBD7D9271E391D22259" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus alluaudi" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">Chironomus alluaudi</taxonomicName>
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in arms A, E, C, D, F and G. The designations are the same as in Fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="B4C6AD4522C21314AA948A88731FFE49" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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Arm A (Fig. 1b) has the sequence all A1 identical with the main sequence of arm A found in many
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<taxonomicName id="B01F3085D3E522A1D56CAAD8C95E718C" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chironomus</taxonomicName>
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species (
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<taxonomicName id="DB01AF3984A6316A2F875C8365FCF829" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus holomelas" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holomelas">Chironomus holomelas</taxonomicName>
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Keyl,1961,
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<taxonomicName id="DA42B0CD5C51E864B48BF7434BD2924E" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus melanescens" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanescens">Chironomus melanescens</taxonomicName>
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Keyl, 1961, etc.) and it is considered a cosmopolitan basic sequence (holA1).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD8819A26266F8EDA4D9948D665B0380" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<pageBreakToken id="E208C91698BB11FACFD08931BA028305" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" start="start">Arm</pageBreakToken>
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E (Fig. 1c, 7b) has the sequence allE1 identical with
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<taxonomicName id="4BA207FA1D31B8F34AF6C9ED7A7A927B" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus piger" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">Chironomus piger</taxonomicName>
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ST (cosmopolitan basic sequence).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="B14ACC885FF95B4B72E7DFF9B436EFAA" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<paragraph id="B9C418C2BB712DC95322528375E8D67F" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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Figure 2a. Karyotype of
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<taxonomicName id="25BBF84BFA94AE7FD1A2AA21A720084D" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus transvaalensis" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">Chironomus transvaalensis</taxonomicName>
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. p - puff and the designations are the same as in Fig. 1
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="E425E2B19AFFDE823B547337F8F84D2C" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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Arm C (Fig. 1d) has two sequences, allC1 and allC2, differing by a simple inversion. The sequence allC1 differs greatly from the basic sequence in arm C; therefore we have compared it with
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<taxonomicName id="4E00872ED78688470E54E44D9DD764A2" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus piger" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">Chironomus piger</taxonomicName>
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ST: differing by seven inversion steps from pigST:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="065C46DAC86127BF1F0F0D61B5439A6B" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Arm D (Fig. 1e) has single sequence allD1 differing by one inversion step from pigST:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3BC5E25425EE49237528B52598D07489" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Arm B (Fig. 1a) not mapped, monomorphic. The common BR is not developed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="47F51FDB7B0173767D3D4935771B2F77" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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<pageBreakToken id="EAE06EDED3CFF3B56C7C8641E9DAFD9B" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" start="start">Arm</pageBreakToken>
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F (Fig. 1f) has the sequence allF1, identical with pigST (cosmopolitan basic sequence).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E12CE0136681DC1F309BD2B74083EE6" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Arm G (Figs 1a, g) not mapped, has two sequences allG1 and allG2 differing by one simple inversion in the central part of arm G, including two of the Balbiani rings.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD63789471C8D7FF9A3DDA14151725AE" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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<pageBreakToken id="81FD207A107A86A46BB892685E437DB5" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" start="start">In</pageBreakToken>
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total, the banding sequence pool of
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<taxonomicName id="0CB9B98E7BCFABB9BE405ED3B6F48A68" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus alluaudi" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">Chironomus alluaudi</taxonomicName>
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contains 9 sequences. Six of them endemic for Africa (Ethiopian sequences), three of them (allA1, allE1, allF1) belong to the category of cosmopolitan basic sequences.
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<taxonomicName id="FCCA1B749CADD0D84583262EBD2F3151" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus alluaudi" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">Chironomus alluaudi</taxonomicName>
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can be considered asa
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<taxonomicName id="4FC1FEE186EA8F92C19ABE61EF26E5C0" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chironomus</taxonomicName>
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species with a primitive karyotype (
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<normalizedToken id="F4B1A92BE0D0D797075AC1A86C8DB4DF" originalValue="Wülker">Wuelker</normalizedToken>
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, 1980, 2010).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="87E91B53FC45CD96EB72A83C0AD20AA1" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="larva">
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<paragraph id="55E86A45D3E981807AFCAB3BD0A4BF8D" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Larva:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="42C8D4D1938D956264373644164F4E0E" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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<normalizedToken id="59C6F6573E3141B50E99A08B9CB52916" originalValue="“thummi-type”">"thummi-type"</normalizedToken>
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(no tubuli laterales) on abdominal segment VII). Mentum with high lateral tooth, median tooth as in other
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<taxonomicName id="1741D0C4C720BC04A80DAA5C569DAC10" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chironomus</taxonomicName>
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species, pectin epipharyngis about 11 teeth, antenna black with 4 segments, paralabial plates about 40 striae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FD66B22EE4114DD15605F4492B62C891" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="999FB65FC522827B9BC41A2D5E78977C" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Distribution:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="97F30D590BD99C57FF6BA2127ED911BB" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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different places in Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="6AB166BBF47BDA6321C1F66C26C89E81" author="Freeman, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="321 - 426" title="A study of Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, part III." volume="5" year="1957">Freeman 1957</bibRefCitation>
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), Kenya (leg.
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<normalizedToken id="3C2FA194391A452341751B9EE7199634" originalValue="Wülker">Wuelker</normalizedToken>
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, Jan. 1976). Dunking troughs brooks and pools at Endebess/Mt Elgon (N. Cox leg.); mountain lakes W of Nakuru, Aberdare mountains up to 3300m, ponds Mt. Kenya 4350m (Oltmanns leg.) near Limuru (north of Nairobi), Athi river south of Nairobi, Amboseli-park (
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<normalizedToken id="D24EBA3C7C7CD1B4470FD0AF425FC7A0" originalValue="Wülker">Wuelker</normalizedToken>
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leg.)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |