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<mods:title id="4E1F91B2BBAE2F671BC2A79A73124278">Rediagnoses of the milliped genera Pseudojulus Bollman, 1887, and Arvechambus Causey, 1963, in the southeastern USA; description of P. mississippiensis, n. sp. and proposal of the subtribe Pseudojulina (Julida: Parajulidae: Parajulinae: Aniulini)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="327BC77CA579864003FBFBDDFDB7A476" blockId="3.[151,572,1115,1141]" box="[151,572,1115,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="F5C4BCFFA57986400382FBDDFDB7A476" ID-CoL="7PWGZ" authority="Bollman, 1887" authorityName="Bollman" authorityYear="1887" box="[238,572,1115,1141]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Pseudojulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA57986400382FBDDFE08A476" bold="true" box="[238,387,1115,1141]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudojulus</emphasis>
Bollman, 1887
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<paragraph id="327BC77CA579864003FBFB20FD7DA4BE" blockId="3.[151,1437,1190,1341]" box="[151,758,1190,1213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="12D4E052A579864003FBFB20FD7DA4BE" box="[151,758,1190,1213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="F5C4BCFFA579864003FBFB20FD0BA4BE" authority="Bollman, 1887a:227" authorityName="Bollman" authorityPageNumber="227" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,640,1190,1213]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Parajulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pseudojulus">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA579864003FBFB20FE8BA4BE" box="[151,256,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Parajulus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA57986400263FB20FE1AA4BE" box="[271,401,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudojulus</emphasis>
)
<treatmentCitation id="B365E16DA579864002CDFB20FD0BA4BE" author="Bollman" box="[417,640,1190,1213]" page="227" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1887">
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA579864002CDFB20FDC6A4BE" author="Bollman" box="[417,589,1190,1213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" refString="Bollman, C. H. (1887 a) Description of new genera and species of North American Myriopoda (Julidae). Entomologica Americana, 2, 225 - 228." type="journal article" year="1887" yearSuffix="a">
Bollman, 1887
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA5798640012CFB20FDC6A4BE" box="[576,589,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">a</emphasis>
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:227
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; 1887
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA579864001ACFB20FD46A4BE" box="[704,717,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">b</emphasis>
:38.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="327BC77CA579864003FBFB40FD46A4DE" blockId="3.[151,1437,1190,1341]" box="[151,717,1222,1245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA579864003FBFB40FE92A4DE" box="[151,281,1222,1245]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudoiulus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA5798640024BFB40FE22A4DE" author="Cook" box="[295,425,1222,1245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Cook, O. F. (1895) Introductory note on the families of Diplopoda. pp. 1 - 7, In: O. F. Cook &amp; G. N. Collins. The Craspedosomatidae of North America. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 9, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1895">Cook, 1895</bibRefCitation>
:6.
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA579864002AAFB40FDEDA4DE" author="Silvestri" box="[454,614,1222,1245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Silvestri, R. (1896) I Diplopodi. Parte I. Sistematica. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 36, 121 - 254." type="journal article" year="1896">Silvestri, 1896</bibRefCitation>
:138, 177.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="327BC77CA579864003FBFB60FDBDA51E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1190,1341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="12D4E052A579864003FBFB60FDBDA51E" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="F5C4BCFFA579864003FBFB60FD20A4FE" ID-CoL="7PWGZ" authority="Chamberlin &amp; Hoffman, 1958:141" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Hoffman" authorityPageNumber="141" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,683,1254,1277]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Pseudojulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA579864003FBFB60FE92A4FE" box="[151,281,1254,1277]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudojulus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="B365E16DA57986400247FB60FD20A4FE" author="Chamberlin" box="[299,683,1254,1277]" page="141" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1958">
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA57986400247FB60FDF5A4FE" author="Chamberlin" box="[299,638,1254,1277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Chamberlin, R. V., &amp; Hoffman, R. L. (1958) Checklist of the millipeds of North America. United States National Museum Bulletin No. 212, 1 - 236." type="book chapter" year="1958">Chamberlin &amp; Hoffman, 1958</bibRefCitation>
:141
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</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="B365E16DA579864001D5FB60FCFEA4FE" author="Jeekel" box="[697,885,1254,1277]" page="174" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA579864001D5FB60FCCDA4FE" author="Jeekel" box="[697,838,1254,1277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Jeekel, C. A. W. (1971) Nomenclator generum et familiarum Diplopodorum: A list of the genus and family-group names in the class Diplopoda from the 10 th edition of Linnaeus, 1758, to the end of 1957. Monografieen van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging No. 5, 1 - 412." type="journal article" year="1971">Jeekel, 1971</bibRefCitation>
:174
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.
<treatmentCitation id="B365E16DA579864000EFFB60FBD7A4FE" author="Hoffman" box="[899,1116,1254,1277]" page="108" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA579864000EFFB60FBA5A4FE" author="Hoffman" box="[899,1070,1254,1277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1980 [1979]) Classification of the Diplopoda. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, Switzerland, 237 pp." type="book" year="1980">Hoffman, 1980</bibRefCitation>
:108
</treatmentCitation>
; 1992:1416; 1999:161162.
<treatmentCitation id="B365E16DA579864003ABFA80FE01A51E" author="Shelley" box="[199,394,1286,1309]" page="243" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA579864003ABFA80FED0A51E" author="Shelley" box="[199,347,1286,1309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Shelley, R. M. (2001 [2000]) Annotated checklist of the millipeds of Florida (Arthropoda). Insecta Mundi, 14 (4), 241 - 251." type="journal article" year="2001">Shelley, 2001</bibRefCitation>
:243
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; 2004:192194.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="327BC77CA579864003FBFAA0FB9AA53E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1190,1341]" box="[151,1041,1318,1341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="12D4E052A579864003FBFAA0FB9AA53E" box="[151,1041,1318,1341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="F5C4BCFFA579864003FBFAA0FE44A53E" ID-CoL="7P3GZ" authority="Hoffman, 1992:9" authorityName="Hoffman" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,463,1318,1341]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Georgiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA579864003FBFAA0FE85A53E" box="[151,270,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Georgiulus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="B365E16DA57986400278FAA0FE44A53E" author="Hoffman" box="[276,463,1318,1341]" page="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA57986400278FAA0FE35A53E" author="Hoffman" box="[276,446,1318,1341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1992) On the taxonomy of the milliped genera Pseudojulus Bollman, 1887, and Georgiulus, gen. nov., of southeastern United States (Julida: Parajulidae). Jeffersoniana, 1, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1992">Hoffman, 1992</bibRefCitation>
:9
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</taxonomicName>
; 1999:154.
<treatmentCitation id="B365E16DA57986400127FAA0FCCBA53E" author="Shelley" box="[587,832,1318,1341]" page="46" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA57986400127FAA0FCABA53E" author="Shelley" box="[587,800,1318,1341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Shelley, R. M., Sierwald, P., Kiser, S. B., &amp; Golovatch, S. I. (2000) Nomenclator Generum et Familiarum Diplopodorum II, A List of the Genus and Family-Group Names in the Class Diplopoda from 1958 through 1999. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria, 167 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Shelley
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA579864001CEFAA0FD5AA53E" box="[674,721,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
., 2000
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:46
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="B365E16DA57986400026FAA0FB86A53E" author="Shelley" box="[842,1037,1318,1341]" page="243" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA57986400026FAA0FC55A53E" author="Shelley" box="[842,990,1318,1341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Shelley, R. M. (2001 [2000]) Annotated checklist of the millipeds of Florida (Arthropoda). Insecta Mundi, 14 (4), 241 - 251." type="journal article" year="2001">Shelley, 2001</bibRefCitation>
:243
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7ADE94F7A579864003FBFAE8FF71A5B3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="327BC77CA579864003FBFAE8FF71A5B3" blockId="3.[151,1436,1390,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA579864003FBFAE8FEBBA584" box="[151,304,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="ED7F79DEA579864003FBFAE8FF45A584" box="[151,206,1390,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F5C4BCFFA57986400229FAE8FC16A58B" authority="Bollman, 1887" authorityName="Bollman" authorityYear="1887" box="[325,925,1390,1416]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Parajulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtectus" subGenus="Pseudojulus">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA57986400229FAE8FE32A584" box="[325,441,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Parajulus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA579864002BDFAE8FDEBA584" box="[465,608,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudojulus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA57986400114FAE8FD51A584" box="[632,730,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">obtectus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA5798640018BFAE8FC16A58B" author="Bollman" box="[743,925,1390,1416]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" refString="Bollman, C. H. (1887 a) Description of new genera and species of North American Myriopoda (Julidae). Entomologica Americana, 2, 225 - 228." type="journal article" year="1887" yearSuffix="a">Bollman, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA579864000F0FAE8FC20A584" box="[924,939,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">a</emphasis>
, by subsequent designation of
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA5798640065BFAE8FF7DA5B3" author="Bollman" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" refString="Bollman, C. H. (1887 b) Notes on North American Julidae. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 4, 25 - 44." type="journal article" year="1887" yearSuffix="b">
Bollman (1887
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA579864003B7FA10FF62A5AC" box="[219,233,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">b</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7ADE94F7A579864003AAFA38FA18A718" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="327BC77CA579864003AAFA38FA18A718" blockId="3.[151,1436,1390,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA579864003AAFA38FEB6A5D4" box="[198,317,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(adapted from that of
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA5798640012FFA38FD75A5DB" author="Shelley" box="[579,766,1470,1496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Shelley, R. M. (2004 [2002]) Parajulid milliped studies V. The genera Pseudojulus Bollman and Arvechambus Causey (Parajulinae: Aniulini). Insecta Mundi, 16 (4), 191 - 204." type="journal article" year="2004">Shelley (2004))</bibRefCitation>
. Moderate-size to large-bodied Pseudojulina with lateral but not medial lobes on 8th sterna, 7th pleurotergite not modified; posterior gonopod with prefemoral process, without accessory prefemoral process. Anterior gonopod sternum moderately large and subrectangular, without lobes or projections; coxae fused basally into plate-like dorsal &quot;shelf&quot; and extending ventrad caudally into pair of discrete or fused posterior syncoxal lobes or laminae, with variable lobes and lateral syncoxal processes; telopodites distally rounded and clavate, usually with subcaudal lobes. Posterior gonopods positioned caudal to ag posterior syncoxal lobes/laminae, not situated between telopodites; prefemoral processes long &amp; slender, lying either caudal or anterior to telopodite, accessory prefemoral processes absent; telopodites long and slender, often flared distad. Cyphopodal gynaspis prolonged, extending below ventral segmental margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7ADE94F7A579864003AAF8AFFB85A7E0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="327BC77CA579864003AAF8AFFB8DA7B8" blockId="3.[151,1436,1390,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA579864003AAF8AFFEDEA741" box="[198,341,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution</emphasis>
. Southcentral North Carolina (the southern fringe of Gaston County (Co.) in the Piedmont Plateau) to northern Florida from the Atlantic Coast to the western Panhandle, continuing westward and northwestward through coastal Alabama to northcentral Mississippi.
<taxonomicName id="F5C4BCFFA579864000D2F8FFFBC6A791" box="[958,1101,1913,1938]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Pseudojulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA579864000D2F8FFFBC6A791" box="[958,1101,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudojulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occupies all six states of the subtribal distribution but does not range southward into peninsular Florida.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="327BC77CA579864003AAF84FFB85A7E0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1390,2019]" box="[198,1038,1993,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA579864003AAF84FFE95A7E1" box="[198,286,1993,2018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Species</emphasis>
. Five, but more are anticipated within the known generic range.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7ADE94F7A57E864703AAFF1EFEF0A2E1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="327BC77CA57E864703AAFF1EFE52A101" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA57E864703AAFF1EFEA6A0B2" box="[198,301,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA57E86470228FF1EFD8BA0B1" author="Bollman" box="[324,512,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Bollman, C. H. (1893) The Myriapoda of North America. United States National Museum Bulletin No. 46, 1 - 210." type="book chapter" year="1893">Bollman (1893)</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="F5C4BCFFA57E864701EBFF1EFC9DA0B2" box="[647,790,152,177]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Pseudojulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA57E864701EBFF1EFC9DA0B2" box="[647,790,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudojulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represented only a &quot;certain stage of development&quot; and placed the name in synonymy under
<taxonomicName id="F5C4BCFFA57E86470126FF46FB81A0D9" authority="Humbert &amp; Saussure, 1869" authorityName="Humbert &amp; Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[586,1034,192,218]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Parajulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA57E86470126FF46FD35A0DA" box="[586,702,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Parajulus</emphasis>
Humbert &amp; Saussure, 1869
</taxonomicName>
. However, it was resurrected two years later by
<bibRefCitation id="5655BA8DA57E86470250FF6EFE5EA101" author="Cook" box="[316,469,232,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Cook, O. F. (1895) Introductory note on the families of Diplopoda. pp. 1 - 7, In: O. F. Cook &amp; G. N. Collins. The Craspedosomatidae of North America. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 9, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1895">Cook (1895)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="327BC77CA57E864703AAFE96FEF0A2E1" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
As shown in
<figureCitation id="AAFFDBF9A57E86470204FE96FE3BA129" box="[360,432,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1628,1652]" captionTargetBox="[177,1381,424,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[177,1406,424,1622]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of the Pseudojulina. Asterisk, P mississippiensis; solid stars, P. obtectus; dots, P. paynei; triangles, P. carolinensis; inverted triangle, P. coastalis; open squares, Arvechambus hummi; open star, Arvechambus weemsi; star in dot, Arvechamboides ocala. Some symbols of Arvechambus hummi represent more than one closely proximate localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177843/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="F5C4BCFFA57E864702ADFE96FDDBA12A" box="[449,592,272,297]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Pseudojulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA57E864702ADFE96FDDBA12A" box="[449,592,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudojulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from only one species and one locality in Mississippi, Alabama, and North &amp; South Carolina. Having collected extensively in both Carolinas, I am reasonably confident that its distribution and representation in North Carolina is limited and does not extend much farther north than the border region of Gaston Co.; it should be expected throughout central South Carolina, where it has not been collected. The North Carolina and
<collectingCountry id="4AD387ECA57E864701A4FE36FCADA1C9" box="[712,806,432,458]" name="Georgia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Georgia</collectingCountry>
localities of
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA57E864700D0FE36FBE8A1CA" box="[956,1123,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. c a ro l i n e n s i s</emphasis>
are at essentially the same longitude, and the species is expected within the hiatus in South Carolina. Generic records in Mississippi and Alabama, however, are so distant from each other and in such different physiographic regions that one or more species probably occupy the gap.
<taxonomicName id="F5C4BCFFA57E86470118FDAEFC88A242" box="[628,771,552,577]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Pseudojulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA57E86470118FDAEFC88A242" box="[628,771,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudojulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be anticipated in coastal Mississippi and northward in Alabama to the Piedmont and possibly even the Cumberland Plateaus. The Mississippi and North Carolina localities, and the northernmost ones in
<collectingCountry id="4AD387ECA57E8647011BFDFEFD53A291" box="[631,728,632,658]" name="Georgia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Georgia</collectingCountry>
, are far enough from the coast to suggest that Birmingham probably lies within the generic range; consequently, more species of
<taxonomicName id="F5C4BCFFA57E864700B4FD26FBECA2BA" box="[984,1127,672,697]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Pseudojulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00B01B6EA57E864700B4FD26FBECA2BA" box="[984,1127,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudojulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are anticipated in Mississippi and Alabama.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>