285 lines
31 KiB
XML
285 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="1D9E062D6C6011E590417A7B40B2CC0B" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.sajb.2014.03.008" ID-ISSN="1727-9321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10496967" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1705064508502" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Powell, R. F., Boatwright, J. S. & Magee, A. R." docDate="2014" docId="BA1C6F6A306CDC128F5AAE387C3C87CF" docLanguage="en" docName="SAfrJBot.93.105-117.pdf" docOrigin="South African Journal of Botany 93" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.03.008" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4.1:SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4" docStyleName="SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Cotula filifolia Thunb." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="111" masterDocId="462517123069DC148C7FA8357E4F800C" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Cotula coronopifolia group (Asteraceae) and implications for the conservation statuses of the species *" masterLastPageNumber="117" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="110" updateTime="1706015896401" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1E61D0888ACD1041F11FAD65BD808BBD">
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<mods:title id="40BD8BD804AA399BF4348D1091747592">A taxonomic revision of the Cotula coronopifolia group (Asteraceae) and implications for the conservation statuses of the species *</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2626C21D9AB0DF64262FA4CD6852C90B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9677913CDF1331D05405AEC8652182D0">Powell, R. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="198789153943F4709CC82ABAB7BBBE4B">Boatwright, J. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="50552712118A68984AC6225F26D68F2C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B53DA9343F8545C2B65409C01AA9D3BB">Magee, A. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6416424AC38E9EC15E06056D25010076">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="44219F4EADCB7B7FAA4CBAA08B96E9BF">South African Journal of Botany</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="23E34230A093FAD1CCA4087F9B5009D7">
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<mods:date id="2F0AA7537AC1EACB49B9D677FC42816C">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C539F0E3E25AF7C29C964694CF2F9275">2014-07-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="686DC2449D4416B8DC44BD21CF0AB273">93</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A265982EE963A90BE4C892D654E61115">105</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="79E7810392DC1C0F0E20EF561BCC1022">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.03.008</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="87AD5E0801A90F31C89F2F2923B6748C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F9301FFAFC97EEC12208630316788875" type="DOI">10.1016/j.sajb.2014.03.008</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="24F76D84D5F47AD5B4149ED94C01521E" type="ISSN">1727-9321</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BA1C6F6A306CDC128F5AAE387C3C87CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10556220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10556220" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA1C6F6A306CDC128F5AAE387C3C87CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA1C6F6A306CDC128F5AAE387C3C87CF" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306CDC118F5AAE387AF7862D" box="[805,1208,1549,1569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="320ADE7C306CDC118F5AAE387AF7862D" blockId="5.[805,1475,1549,1988]" box="[805,1208,1549,1569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306CDC118F5AAE387DF9862D" box="[805,950,1549,1569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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3.
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<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306CDC118F46AE387AFA862D" ID-CoL="YYNC" authorityName="Thunb." box="[825,1205,1549,1569]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filifolia">
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Cotula
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306CDC118F08AE3B7DCC862D" bold="true" box="[887,899,1550,1569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">fi</emphasis>
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lifolia Thunb., Fl. Cap. 695 (1823)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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;
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306CDC1188C3AE3B7DB2869D" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="320ADE7C306CDC1188C3AE3B7DB2869D" blockId="5.[805,1475,1549,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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Spreng., in Linn., Syst.Veg 3: 497 (1826); DC. Prodr. 77 (1838); Harv., in Harv. & Sond., Fl. Cap. 3: 179 (1865); Levyns, in Adamson & Salter, Fl. Cap. Penins. 162 (1950); Goldblatt & Manning,
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<collectingRegion id="F071109E306CDC118F83AE577A648679" box="[1020,1067,1634,1653]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Cape</collectingRegion>
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Pl.: 366 (2000); Manning & Goldblatt, Pl. Gr. C.F.R.: 366 (2012).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306CDC11887DAE4B7A1686C4" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="320ADE7C306CDC11887DAE4B7A1686C4" blockId="5.[805,1475,1549,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<typeStatus id="ED0E60DE306CDC11887DAE4B7A79869D" box="[1026,1078,1662,1681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="4AA29EEC306CDC118840AE4B7AF6869D" box="[1087,1209,1662,1681]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="F071109E306CDC1188BDAE4B7B03869D" box="[1218,1356,1662,1681]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="F071109E306CDC118929AE4B7BCA869D" box="[1366,1413,1662,1681]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Cape</collectingRegion>
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Town (3318): Zoutrivier (–CD),
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306CDC118858AEAC7BC986A1" box="[1063,1414,1689,1709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Thunberg s.n. sub THUNB-UPS 20219</emphasis>
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(UPS, lecto. -image!, designated here).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306CDC128F3AAEE47F3B8261" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="description">
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<paragraph id="320ADE7C306CDC128F3AAEE47F3B8261" blockId="5.[805,1475,1549,1988]" lastBlockId="6.[113,784,155,621]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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Upright annual herb.
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306CDC11885EAEE57A1786E8" box="[1057,1112,1744,1764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Stems</emphasis>
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<quantity id="F54D7399306CDC11881DAEE77A9286E9" box="[1122,1245,1745,1765]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="90.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="30.0">30–150 mm</quantity>
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, glabrous, herbaceous,
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<quantity id="F54D7399306CDC118F5AAED87DD0870D" box="[805,927,1773,1793]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 mm</quantity>
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wide.
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306CDC118F99AED97A69870C" box="[998,1062,1772,1792]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Leaves</emphasis>
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alternate, spreading, entire, sometimes once-pinnate, 0.5–25.0 × 1.0–2.0 mm, base dilated, forming a prominent sheath around the stem, sheath 1.0–3.0 mm long; lobes linear, 0.5–25 × 1.0–
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<quantity id="F54D7399306CDC118FD4AF747DB98758" box="[939,1014,1857,1876]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
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, ±terete, leathery, dark green, glabrous, apices acute, margins entire.
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306CDC118F8CAF697A70877C" box="[1011,1087,1884,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Capitula</emphasis>
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heterogamous, disciform, solitary, terminal, pedunculate peduncle glabrous to sparsely hairy, 30.0–75.0 mm.
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306CDC118F5AAFA67D3587AB" box="[805,890,1939,1959]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Involucre</emphasis>
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hemispherical, 3.0–6.0 × 4.0–6.0 mm, 1-seriate, bracts broadly ovate tapering to an obtuse apex, 2.0–5.0 × 2.0–4.0 mm, glabrous, green, opaque, apex and margin scarious, four to six veined, secondary venation prominent.
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128D43A8837FD280C6" box="[316,413,182,202]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Receptacle</emphasis>
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flat, epaleate; pedicels linear, pedicels 0.4–2.0 mm at anthesis, uniform, attaching to floret apically.
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128EC8A8E77EE5810E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
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Disciform
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128C0EA8DA7E32810E" bold="true" box="[113,125,239,258]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">fl</emphasis>
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orets
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</emphasis>
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female, ca. 6, in single outer series, corolla absent, style
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<quantity id="F54D7399306FDC128EBEA8DA7D44810E" box="[705,779,239,258]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
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, ovary marginally winged, usually with stout flat hairs on inner face.
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128C0EA9137E9A8136" box="[113,213,294,314]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
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Disc
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128CE2A9127EE68136" bold="true" box="[157,169,295,314]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">fl</emphasis>
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orets
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</emphasis>
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bisexual, ca. 20 to 40, corolla
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<quantity id="F54D7399306FDC128D90A9127C238136" box="[495,620,295,314]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="1.025" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.95">0.95–1.1 mm</quantity>
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long, yellow, oblong, tube not draped basally over ovary apex, longitudinal resin canals present, limb slightly wider than tube, 4 lobed; lobes triangular, upright to spreading, dorsally tuberculate, slightly glandular; anthers
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<quantity id="F54D7399306FDC128EE1A94F7D408182" box="[670,783,378,398]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.2 mm</quantity>
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long (including apical appendages), ecaudate, apical appendages ovate, acute; style terete with thickened base; branches truncate, papillate apically–dorsally; ovary marginally winged, usually with stout flat hairs on inner face.
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128D50A9DC7F3181F1" box="[303,382,489,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Cypselas</emphasis>
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heteromorphic; disciform cypselas ovoid, ca. 1.4 × 1.0 mm, marginally winged, wing ½ width of ovary, base cordate, inner face usually with stout flat hairs on inner face; disc cypselas ovoid, ca. 1.6 ×
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<quantity id="F54D7399306FDC128CB9AA0B7F40825D" box="[198,271,574,593]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
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, marginally winged, wing ⅓ width of ovary, inner face usually with stout flat hairs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306FDC128C0EAA997F8083B0" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="320ADE7C306FDC128C0EAA997F7B82CC" blockId="6.[113,783,684,956]" box="[113,308,684,704]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128C0EAA997F7B82CC" box="[113,308,684,704]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Diagnostic characters</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="320ADE7C306FDC128CEEAAFD7F8083B0" blockId="6.[113,783,684,956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128CEEAAFD7F5C82D0" box="[145,275,712,732]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
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<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306FDC128CEEAAFD7E8282D0" box="[145,205,712,732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cotula</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128CACAAFC7E9082D0" bold="true" box="[211,223,713,732]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">fi</emphasis>
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lifolia
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</emphasis>
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has in the past often been confused with
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<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306FDC128ED5AAFD7D4582D0" box="[682,778,712,732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128ED5AAFD7D4582D0" box="[682,778,712,732]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">C. vulgaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with which it shares the usually entire leaves and broadly ovate bracts (
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<figureCitation id="AA8EC2F9306FDC128C04AB347E918318" box="[123,222,769,788]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[113,138,977,991]" captionTargetBox="[382,1229,142,941]" captionTargetId="figure-704@2.[382,1229,142,941]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Leaf variation in the Cotula coronopifolia group.(A) C.myriophylloides; (B) C.eckloniana; (C) C.vulgaris; (D) C.filifolia; (E) C.pusilla; (F) C.bipinnata; (G) C.coronopifolia, note that G3 illustrates the very divided leaves found in the Northern Cape populations.Vouchers:(A) Helme 5675 (NBG); (B) Barker 5788 (NBG); (C) Pappe 38780 (NBG); (D) Compton 9090 (NBG); (E) Schlechter 1066 (NBG); (F) Walgate 492 (NBG); (G) Le Roux & Ramsey 315 (NBG).Scale:A–D = 5 mm; E–G3 = 10 mm. Artist R.F. Powell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496971/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 2.C–D</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="AA8EC2F9306FDC128D6EAB347F378318" box="[273,376,769,788]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[90,116,1155,1169]" captionTargetBox="[95,755,145,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-787@3.[93,757,142,1120]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Bract variation in the Cotula coronopifolia group. (A) C. myriophylloides; (B) C. eckloniana, outer (B1) and inner (B2) bracts; (C) C. vulgaris; (D) C. filifolia; (E) C.pusilla; (F) C. bipinnata; (G) C. coronopifolia.Vouchers:(A) Compton 15396 (NBG); (B) Mucina & Jakubowsky 040606/12 (NBG); (C) Gubb 76 (NBG); (D) Helme 3483 (NBG); (E) Jakubowsky 1/2007 (NBG); (F) Compton 11632 (NBG); (G) Oliver, TÖlken & Venter 313 (NBG). Scale = 1 mm. Artist R.F.Powell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496973/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 3.C–D</figureCitation>
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). It is, however, readily distinguished by the marginally winged disc ovaries (
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<figureCitation id="AA8EC2F9306FDC128D9EAB287C62833C" box="[481,557,797,816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,138,1224,1238]" captionTargetBox="[282,1329,145,1185]" captionTargetId="figure-457@4.[280,1331,142,1188]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig.4.Floret variation showing the disciform and disc floret of each species in the Cotulacoronopifolia group.(A) C.myriophylloides: (A1) disciform floret;(A2) disc floret;(B) C.eckloniana: (B1) disciform floret,(B2) disc floret dorsal view,(B3) disc floret ventral view with ovary,(B4) disc floret ventral view without ovary; (C) C.vulgaris: (C1) disciform floret,(C2) disc floret; (D) C.fililfolia: (D1) disciform floret, (D2) disc floret; (E) C.pusilla: (E1) disciform floret, (E2) disc floret; (F) C.bipinnata: (F1) disciform floret, (F2) disc floret; (G) C.coronopifolia: (G1) disciform floret, (G2) disc floret. Vouchers: (A) Compton 15396 (NBG); (B) Mucina & Jakubowsky 040606/12 (NBG); (C) Gubb 76 (NBG); (D) Helme 3483 (NBG);(E) Jakubowsky 1/2007 (NBG); (F) Compton 11632 (NBG); (G) Oliver, TÖlken & Venter 313 (NBG).Scale = 1 mm. Artist R.F.Powell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496975/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4.D</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="AA8EC2F9306FDC128E52AB287C75833C" box="[557,570,797,816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[113,138,977,991]" captionTargetBox="[382,1229,142,941]" captionTargetId="figure-704@2.[382,1229,142,941]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Leaf variation in the Cotula coronopifolia group.(A) C.myriophylloides; (B) C.eckloniana; (C) C.vulgaris; (D) C.filifolia; (E) C.pusilla; (F) C.bipinnata; (G) C.coronopifolia, note that G3 illustrates the very divided leaves found in the Northern Cape populations.Vouchers:(A) Helme 5675 (NBG); (B) Barker 5788 (NBG); (C) Pappe 38780 (NBG); (D) Compton 9090 (NBG); (E) Schlechter 1066 (NBG); (F) Walgate 492 (NBG); (G) Le Roux & Ramsey 315 (NBG).Scale:A–D = 5 mm; E–G3 = 10 mm. Artist R.F. Powell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496971/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">2</figureCitation>
|
||
) and fruit with stout hairs (marginally ribbed and glabrous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306FDC128D91AB0D7C048340" box="[494,587,824,844]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128D91AB0D7C048340" box="[494,587,824,844]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">C. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the smaller oblong disc florets with a limb that is only slightly wider than the tube (campanulate and limb ± twice as wide as tube in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306FDC128E32AB5A7CE5838F" box="[589,682,879,899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128E32AB5A7CE5838F" box="[589,682,879,899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">C. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128EC3AB5A7D40838F" box="[700,783,879,900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
C.
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128EAEAB447C928388" bold="true" box="[721,733,881,900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">fi</emphasis>
|
||
lifolia
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is also generally smaller and more slender and appears to flower earlier than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306FDC128CDDAB927F4F83B7" box="[162,256,935,955]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128CDDAB927F4F83B7" box="[162,256,935,955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">C. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where they co-occur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306FDC128C0EABCE7F368506" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306FDC128C0EABCE7C478403" blockId="6.[113,783,1019,1290]" box="[113,520,1019,1039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128C0EABCE7C478403" box="[113,520,1019,1039]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Distribution, ecology and conservation status</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306FDC128CEEAC227F368506" blockId="6.[113,783,1019,1290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128CEEAC227F5E8427" box="[145,273,1047,1067]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306FDC128CEEAC227E838427" box="[145,204,1047,1067]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cotula</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128CADAC2D7E918427" bold="true" box="[210,222,1048,1067]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">fi</emphasis>
|
||
lifolia
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a widespread but localised habitat specialist, common on the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F071109E306FDC128C8FAC017F50844B" box="[240,287,1076,1095]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
West Coast (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AA8EC2F9306FDC128DD4AC017FAE844B" box="[427,481,1076,1095]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[950,975,1145,1159]" captionTargetBox="[857,1469,146,1106]" captionTargetId="figure-981@6.[853,1473,142,1109]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 7. Known geographical distribution of Cotula filifolia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496981/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is found in marshy areas, damp places and freshwater pool margins, often with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306FDC128EDBAC7A7D45846F" box="[676,778,1103,1123]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128EDBAC7A7D45846F" box="[676,778,1103,1123]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">C. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Subpopulations on the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F071109E306FDC128D25AC597FC58473" box="[346,394,1132,1151]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Peninsula have shown a great decline, with many subpopulations now locally extinct as a result of habitat loss to urban expansion. This species has been downgraded to NT B2ab(ii,iii,iv,v) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5624A38D306FDC128D45AC8A7FB284DE" author="Powell, R. F. & Helme, N. A. & von Staden, L." box="[314,509,1215,1235]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="22" refId="ref17688" refString="Powell, R. F., Helme, N. A., von Staden, L., 2013 c. Cotula fi lifolia Thunb. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants. Taxon Report: SANBI Threatened Species Programme Threatened Plants Database (Extracted on 2013 / 10 / 22)." type="journal article" year="2013">Powell et al., 2013c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and is still threatened by habitat loss due to coastal development, agricultural expansion and alien invasive species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="66CA8EF4306FDC128FC9AC4C7B2F848B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496981" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10496981" box="[950,1376,1143,1159]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496981/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" startId="6.[950,975,1145,1159]" targetBox="[857,1469,146,1106]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306FDC128FC9AC4C7B2F848B" blockId="6.[950,1376,1143,1159]" box="[950,1376,1143,1159]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128FC9AC4C7DAB848B" bold="true" box="[950,996,1145,1159]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Known geographical distribution of
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128887AC427B13848B" box="[1272,1372,1143,1159]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306FDC128887AC427B68848B" box="[1272,1319,1143,1159]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cotula</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128954AC4D7B7B848B" bold="true" box="[1323,1332,1144,1159]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">fi</emphasis>
|
||
lifolia
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306FDC128C0EAD7F7C3C87CF" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306FDC128C0EAD7F7FC18552" blockId="6.[113,784,1354,1987]" box="[113,398,1354,1374]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128C0EAD7F7FC18552" box="[113,398,1354,1374]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Additional specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306FDC128CEEAD527C3C87CF" blockId="6.[113,784,1354,1987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4AA29EEC306FDC128CEEAD527F508576" box="[145,287,1383,1402]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F071109E306FDC128D4AAD527FB78576" box="[309,504,1383,1402]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">NORTHERN CAPE</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128E72AD527D408575" bold="true" box="[525,783,1382,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">3017 (Hondeklipbaai):</emphasis>
|
||
Namaqualand, Hondeklipbaai (–AD),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128DA7ADB47D408599" box="[472,783,1409,1429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Mucina & Jakubowsky 040906/08</emphasis>
|
||
(NBG).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F071109E306FDC128CC4ADAA7F1385BE" box="[187,348,1439,1458]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">WESTERN CAPE</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128D1AADAB7C7F85BD" bold="true" box="[357,560,1438,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">3217 (Vredenburg):</emphasis>
|
||
Vredenburg, southern edge of Paternoster, near Lizaseklip (–DD),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128E62AD8C7CC185C1" box="[541,654,1465,1485]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Helme 3483</emphasis>
|
||
(NBG).
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128EA1AD8F7F4985E5" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">3218 (Clanwilliam):</emphasis>
|
||
Berg River, Veldrif (–CC),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128E6EADE07C3685E5" box="[529,633,1493,1513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Hugo 2972</emphasis>
|
||
(NBG),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128EB3ADE07D4585E5" box="[716,778,1493,1513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Magee</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128C0EADC47F3F8609" box="[113,368,1521,1541]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Powell & Boatwright 1026</emphasis>
|
||
(NBG); ±
|
||
<quantity id="F54D7399306FDC128D9DADC77C5A8609" box="[482,533,1522,1541]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
S of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4AA29EEC306FDC128E33ADC77CFD8609" box="[588,690,1522,1541]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">St. Helena</collectingCountry>
|
||
, pan just west of Langeklip Farm (–CC),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128DE2AE387C4E862D" box="[413,513,1549,1569]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Helme 562</emphasis>
|
||
(NBG).
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128E2FAE3B7D41862D" bold="true" box="[592,782,1550,1569]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">3318 (Cape Town):</emphasis>
|
||
Yzerfontein, Skaapeiland, Wanderpad (–AC),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128E48AE1C7E988655" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Mucina & Jakubowsky 040806/14</emphasis>
|
||
(NBG); Darling, Tiene Versveld Flower Reserve (–AD),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128C0EAE547FFD8679" box="[113,434,1633,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Mucina & Jakubowsky 040806/10</emphasis>
|
||
(NBG),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128E7DAE547C0F8679" box="[514,576,1633,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Magee</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128E34AE547EEF869D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Powell & Boatwright 1022</emphasis>
|
||
(NBG); Northern part of Paarden-eiland, small dune south of mouth of Jakkals River (–CD),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128DEAAEAD7FA186A0" box="[405,494,1688,1708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">TÖlken 80</emphasis>
|
||
(NBG). Paarden Island (–CD),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128C0EAE817E9086C4" box="[113,223,1716,1736]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Salter 7444</emphasis>
|
||
(BOL); Pools around Cape Town (–CD),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128E06AE817D4186C4" box="[633,782,1716,1736]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">MacOwen 3097</emphasis>
|
||
(SAM); Salt River (–CD),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128D0BAEE57C7086E8" box="[372,575,1744,1764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Ecklon & Zeyher 838</emphasis>
|
||
(SAM); Green Point (–CD),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128CC3AED97FED870C" box="[188,418,1772,1792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Ecklon & Zeyher 38779</emphasis>
|
||
(SAM).
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128D87AED87C9C870C" bold="true" box="[504,723,1773,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">3418 (Simonstown):</emphasis>
|
||
Little Lion's head (–AB),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128D45AF3D7F8F8710" box="[314,448,1800,1820]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Stokoe 63990</emphasis>
|
||
(SAM); Chapman's Peak (–AB),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128C0EAF117F658734" box="[113,298,1828,1848]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Esterhuysen 23969</emphasis>
|
||
(BOL); Kommetjie (–AB),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128E47AF117C888734" box="[568,711,1828,1848]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Adamson 7309</emphasis>
|
||
(BOL).
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128C0EAF747F688758" bold="true" box="[113,295,1857,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">3419 (Caledon):</emphasis>
|
||
South Coast, Stanford, De Kelders (–CB),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128C0EAF697F0F877C" box="[113,320,1884,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Mucina 100906/07B</emphasis>
|
||
(NBG); Overberg, Gansbaai, Uilkraalsmond Estuary (–CB),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128D77AF4D7FF48780" box="[264,443,1912,1932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Mucina 100906/10</emphasis>
|
||
(NBG); Uilkraals River, N bank of river
|
||
<quantity id="F54D7399306FDC128CD4AFA17EBD87A4" box="[171,242,1940,1960]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5 km</quantity>
|
||
from bridge (–CB),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128DB4AFA67CCA87AB" box="[459,645,1939,1959]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">O'Callaghan 6/8/14</emphasis>
|
||
(NBG).
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128EA1AFA17EB387CF" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">3420 (Bredasdorp):</emphasis>
|
||
Cape Agulhas (–CC),
|
||
<emphasis id="00C1026E306FDC128DB7AF9A7C6087CF" box="[456,559,1967,1987]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Salter 4821</emphasis>
|
||
(BOL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |