169 lines
18 KiB
XML
169 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="B402593FDECB32AE50274756A8A582F0" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.649.10213" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2626bb6f-94a4-4bba-a4c8-e8eb68c4ae95" ID-PMC="PMC5345378" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-649-1" ID-PubMed="28325970" ID-ZooBank="5615ED7CAF3E41B69963F6458804186D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-649-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 649" ModsDocTitle="Making the most of your host: the Metrosideros-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) of the Hawaiian Islands" checkinTime="1485998739022" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Percy, Diana M." docDate="2017" docId="B50C121D4B5A7ABDE89C58183E172773" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 649: 1-163" docOrigin="ZooKeys 649" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.649.10213" docTitle="Pariaconus minutus Crawford 1918" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="802A4C29FFB3FFFE83131831FFFCD537" masterDocTitle="Making the most of your host: the Metrosideros-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) of the Hawaiian Islands" masterLastPageNumber="163" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1701318356559" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="33391CA0A6F5442FEAB9542A68DF7F5B">Making the most of your host: the Metrosideros-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) of the Hawaiian Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DAC420B930CD9287A976DFF420E7F16C">Percy, Diana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="72CDD7339196027608A327F7800EB9FB">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="5E251499C35D4822E18C18765C3072D0">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.649.10213</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="ADD3E2C5DB032AF58FEC3979D6B711DA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1F8E1D37AA5505AFC8C8B758945E0D0D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.649.10213</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B50C121D4B5A7ABDE89C58183E172773" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127896248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B50C121D4B5A7ABDE89C58183E172773" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B50C121D4B5A7ABDE89C58183E172773" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection id="8F324EA8E62B3C7AEE75CC8F0025B796" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="67C920879C08B166C9CD31B44734A02E" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="16A0E97EED61D41524F324BDA59876E7" ID-CoL="4DM3W" authority="Crawford, 1918" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pariaconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pariaconus minutus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">Pariaconus minutus (Crawford, 1918)</taxonomicName>
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Figures 19, 46
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<normalizedToken id="8C8D5CD400EA7A0B899036E1A45E25FF" originalValue="G–P">G-P</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D2F23DEA483FB46509701B6ED5F65652" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="0375010041AA52FC936333F947552842" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="EEB46228ABBE40D6D2E181694CDCA639" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Kuwayama" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kuwayama minuta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">Kuwayama minuta</taxonomicName>
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Crawford, 1918: 447.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FDCE776C9565F26EF70EA8D9C471586E" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="91A1EB590DEC67469C8697E34B1E147D" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pariaconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pariaconus minutus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">Pariaconus minutus</taxonomicName>
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(Crawford),
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<bibRefCitation id="CDFD47EE4E5F9BA9F7133B9155F0016F" author="Enderlein, G" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="397 - 401" title="Psyllidologica VIII." volume="15" year="1926">Enderlein (1926)</bibRefCitation>
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: 401.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="220528A68CD0C8DB4FF2F67798DA1869" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8940E7E20E0A5D373AAF81F883A34C9E" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Adult colour.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="32E4B3644D0E83320EC50A1FE188AC32" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Variable, typically mid- to dark brown throughout, recently emerged adults can be completely pale cream, head often darker than the rest of the body. A population in the Kilauea Iki caldera (form
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<taxonomicName id="86633A2194E1A5DAD752151382D48824" form="kilaueaiensis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea kilaueaiensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="kilaueaiensis">kilaueaiensis</taxonomicName>
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) is typically yellow-orange or dark orange throughout, or occasionally with blue-green abdomens. Fore wing membrane slightly to noticeably fuscous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F0FDFE093DC050CB8256D78DF8F2B1D3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CFB83F5AA905A5109F92F9F6EEEFE048" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Adult structure.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="45BCB78D400433AF6032D8A9539613D9" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Fore wing apex rounded; surface spinules fairly densely distributed in all cells; setae on margins and veins minute (Fig. 19
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<normalizedToken id="890F23C30E438638B2EEB59D2173E092" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). Antennae short (av. length 0.52; ratio AL:HW av. 1.13); genal processes short (ratio VL:GP av. 3.25); minute setae on vertex and thorax; distal proboscis segment short (av. length 0.09); hind tibia length subequal to head width (ratio HW:HT av. 1.00) (Fig. 19
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<normalizedToken id="173D3F812052A54E851CFD4D10E370DF" originalValue="C–H">C-H</normalizedToken>
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). Male terminalia (Fig. 19
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<normalizedToken id="9C77B75B214A1259518B8BF98831A628" originalValue="K–N">K-N</normalizedToken>
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): length of paramere and proctiger subequal (ratio MP:PL av. 0.98), paramere slender, somewhat sinuous (curving posteriorly then anteriorly at the apex), apex with upwardly directed hook; length of distal aedeagus segment and paramere subequal (ratio PL:AEL av. 1.03), base rounded and slightly inflated, apex blunt, somewhat flattened dorsally, not developed into a hook (ratio AEL:AELH av. 2.50). Female terminalia (Fig. 19
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<normalizedToken id="4C460DEB83EC6DD8E908D471EA598F1F" originalValue="I–J">I-J</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="2359EE7A32CA4D695E8B681D0289A29B" originalValue="O–Q">O-Q</normalizedToken>
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, T): proctiger dorsal surface slightly undulating, anal ring long (ratio FP:RL av. 2.66), apex acute; subgenital plate with slight medial bulge ventrally, apex acute; ovipositor apex with two reduced serrations above and below, valvulae dorsalis slightly to moderately convex dorsally (Fig. 19T).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="57C4AFF3175A88C66A055D7B9C8CAC26" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<paragraph id="8551B52BE7144A30EAA55F7DA74C8997" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Figure 19.
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<taxonomicName id="5C988898AE1EB88E9DC3FF545A8D7DE5" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pariaconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pariaconus minutus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">Pariaconus minutus</taxonomicName>
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. A, B fore wing: A form
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<taxonomicName id="3859F24D5DAD176F06A1F82AC2B443EA" form="minutus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea minutus" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
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B form
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<taxonomicName id="617C3F57D217B20A637D1A5A4167E6F3" form="kilaueaiensis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea kilaueaiensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="kilaueaiensis">kilaueaiensis</taxonomicName>
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C, D form
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<taxonomicName id="F1AC1A7FFF22F232DAED7C699FC49754" form="minutus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea minutus" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
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: C head and antenna D proboscis E, F form
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<taxonomicName id="D064CFA99C84BEB54484B3F3E9FC8E3A" form="kilaueaiensis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea kilaueaiensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="kilaueaiensis">kilaueaiensis</taxonomicName>
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: E head and antenna F proboscis G female H hind leg I female proctiger (dorsal view) J female subgenital plate (ventral view) K, L form
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<taxonomicName id="9B9E0222D438230453155AC53CEF4C27" form="minutus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea minutus" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
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: K male terminalia L aedeagus and paramere M, N form
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<taxonomicName id="85BED59AD50ACDCD85E29D165FF990C4" form="kilaueaiensis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea kilaueaiensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="kilaueaiensis">kilaueaiensis</taxonomicName>
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: M aedeagus and paramere N male terminalia O, P female terminalia, form
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<taxonomicName id="707C1C207223E493F6C36CBF0BBD47BF" form="minutus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea minutus" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
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: O (Olaa, Hawaii) P (Saddle Rd., Hawaii) Q female terminalia, form
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<taxonomicName id="C4CF09174F8EAC48854FD9765DEBEAA7" form="kilaueaiensis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea kilaueaiensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="kilaueaiensis">kilaueaiensis</taxonomicName>
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R, S eggs (pedicel and tail indicated): R form
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<taxonomicName id="87D2E9351BC886EBDF080E0CFA0FD7C1" form="minutus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea minutus" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
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S form
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<taxonomicName id="2CB65F785644C61CE484729D57571DE6" form="kilaueaiensis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea kilaueaiensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="kilaueaiensis">kilaueaiensis</taxonomicName>
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T ovipositors (shape variation indicated), form
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<taxonomicName id="A3A4A72622FAD2BCEB9773D7BB5D3D5B" form="minutus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea minutus" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
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(above) form
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<taxonomicName id="25AD5AC1AAEF29825E7D6F2861F65DAB" form="kilaueaiensis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea kilaueaiensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="kilaueaiensis">kilaueaiensis</taxonomicName>
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(below).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="3DB1400789BCAC973806440051F67882" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E7BBBA0981DE1B7C97286F6483D6DDFC" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Egg.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8E4B98E6C820CA32DCBA0A095EFDF988" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Unpigmented to light brown, elongate ovoid, not sinusoidal, smooth, without striations, short pedicel 1/5 length from base, tail short to moderately long (Fig. 19
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<normalizedToken id="D37036720BB654CD65826B5C7D8FC829" originalValue="R–S">R-S</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DA035F7EB402A5CAF1D789C4ACAC77F7" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D4B6797AE380F82ED10D6C5DD8405339" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Immature.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EBD27F42B500E3A44B2DB66BB71E0D6C" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Colour and structure: Smaller immatures are orange and cream, or yellow-brown, larger become blue-green or remain orange (e.g. Kilauea Iki population). 5th instar: Broadly ovoid in outline and ventro-dorsally flattened with wing buds protruding and distinct humeral lobes (Fig. 46G). Tarsi with small reduced claws (Fig. 46I). Anal ring moderately wide (ratio CPW:RW av. 4.76) and shallowly v-shaped, with a single row of uninterrupted elongate cells (Fig. 46G). Chaetotaxy: 5th instar: Continuous marginal ring of blunt, weakly bisected sectasetae. Dorsal surface either scattered with small pointed sectasetae (form
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<taxonomicName id="A8C0A306627904A6CC7E29C8645508BD" form="minutus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea minutus" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
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, Fig. 46G), or small to minute simple setae (form
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<taxonomicName id="79AA63ED7666BB92A9CA39F989F8ACC7" form="kilaueaiensis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea kilaueaiensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="kilaueaiensis">kilaueaiensis</taxonomicName>
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). 1st instar (Fig. 46J): Marginal ring of broad, weakly bisected fan-shaped sectasetae (anterior of head with 11-12 pairs, 1 pair postocular, 1 pair on apices of each wing bud, and 11-12 pairs on abdomen). Apparently only in form
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<taxonomicName id="4819FCAE29EB615BB41017C365DE556E" form="kilaueaiensis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea kilaueaiensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="form" species="kilaueaiensis">kilaueaiensis</taxonomicName>
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(Kilauea Iki population) are three pairs of narrow sectasetae present on the dorsal surface of 1st instars (1 pair on each of head, thorax, abdomen). By the 2nd instar there is a continuous marginal ring of sectasetae (Fig. 46H).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9CFE09DC9C7F8279D0FDB0530D740501" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="host">
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<paragraph id="43C2F27D2E1B6A7508877770B43ED2D9" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Host plant notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3D7E7319CAF6980D07F8776C1EB187EB" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Usually on thick leaved, pubescent or semi-pubescent morphotypes.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="09E48D860C690D715411214883FBC110" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="1BDF5F10650A0178E64820A0FCDE4783" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Island.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6D6C6B5ED311E10D4104CF7322169FDE" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Hawaii.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0570AC6F2FE8D2F940437D8B3A5F91ED" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="D478D4A2D1FCFAFEABBC98754D3E864E" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Distribution notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8D766FDF75B7F945CF73010BAF7BD6F1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Widespread on Hawaii. The DNA analysis indicates distinct population clusters, but also more dispersal than for other taxa: two distinct clusters in Kohala, a mixed cluster from Olaa, Kilauea, Kau, and Kona Hema, and another cluster almost entirely from Saddle Road with a single Kau sample.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5F6CD0C8A2B3631F9FBE1B95DE4A6F5C" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="B50FF703022132202DC2677CBE2D59D5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5F5EDB9B5B6666867163AB9492861650" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Makes pit galls on upper leaf surface. The leaf tissue often forms into a thickened rim of red or yellow around the immature (Fig. 46
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<normalizedToken id="C54087F05C6BD53E10892179D6F5DD68" originalValue="L–P">L-P</normalizedToken>
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). The Kilauea Iki population makes somewhat shallower pit galls on the upper leaf surface of low growing shrubs (~ 1m) in the bottom of the caldera. Eggs are laid individually or in small clusters long the upper leaf margin (Fig. 46K).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D026D06D2BE259F9ADA603F342E5D83A" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="comments">
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<paragraph id="4984DFB30EFC7F9FF4875E66C2FD0816" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<pageBreakToken id="275458996B4E8E828F483273B259A5F0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" start="start">Comments</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A798F5F01A19534A502C81F088C1699C" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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Two forms are recognized (Fig. 19): form
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<taxonomicName id="D6D04BEAFDDBA64C12AF6F2EE44DBDD6" form="minutus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea minutus" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="form" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
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(based on the type, with mature adults usually brown, is a smaller form with more slender paramere), and form
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<taxonomicName id="6A54DDA016AC7D60E6EB92B70B5A47B1" form="kilaueaiensis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea kilaueaiensis" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="form" species="kilaueaiensis">kilaueaiensis</taxonomicName>
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(with adults typically orange, is larger with a shorter, broader paramere).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B60CD3D41C1C96DA763EB34559BD1306" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="734C9580F6F12A25649D81ED7B2B9748" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6C7D28737247937F8F452AE4D31C86F6" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Holotype, male (slide mounted, BPBM). See Table 2 for details of type and other material examined for this study.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |