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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="54075" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69e3a7a3-d279-4b63-8070-be3b1c813968" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-1-133" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" ID-ZooBank="24DF15ADF8A04086AD8C60AD39C8A4AA" ModsDocID="2535-0730-7-1-133" checkinTime="1683131477234" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lehmann, Ingo &amp; Dalsgaard, Thure" docDate="2023" docId="B332B2931580531C92B1E4215B9B2967" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 7(1): 133-182" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 7 (1)" docPubDate="2023-05-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204" docTitle="Shimbania nigeriaensis Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="8D8F5DF5-93CF-406D-82F6-9BF0DAEA1486" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" masterDocTitle="Revision of Saalmulleria Mabille, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Metarbelidae) from Madagascar with the description of three new genera and fifteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1732929487722" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="700FE83C1F22B163A8FD1A42E51AD237">Revision of Saalmulleria Mabille, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Metarbelidae) from Madagascar with the description of three new genera and fifteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3FEC5D6A5E4B44ED0A43551B391107AE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B9FB163A69CFE624B25090C82DFBA88F">
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<mods:namePart id="60044927F3B44FE9C9B6BF0D716F3D66">Lehmann, Ingo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E8B159F1930DB7F2D429B25B6894F7E0">Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, ztm, Museum der Natur, Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4801BD1EBD1B0CA76646FA409FE146CB" type="email">lehmannshimoni@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6DB83215D3B5B5D6EB9F33968483FF1F">Dalsgaard, Thure</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BAD4853F278B35E28AB575D1939BCDD1">Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, ztm, Museum der Natur, Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7B60B70202A7681109729308EC0BB9C3" type="email">t.dalsgaard@leibniz-lib.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="45FB4829F7C0E4669104EE5EBCB164B5">Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C874216D8A80E7756FAC63EEA571EDF8">
<mods:date id="D641F64A4FA596A735F69AFA49691DFD">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AC8DA87EE5932D1A2F2AF7C05CCA7530">2023-05-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="30C2549F55851D76771EAC8790F24AFE">7</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4A553D91E625327C5587A72AA65133E8">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1DAA82D8751AF2A58E967CB206898427" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B332B2931580531C92B1E4215B9B2967" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209580340" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8D8F5DF5-93CF-406D-82F6-9BF0DAEA1486" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B332B2931580531C92B1E4215B9B2967" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" scope_family="Metarbelidae" scope_order="Lepidoptera">
<subSubSection id="A36B110D6FDB111DCABCEF4461DEA7B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="162A9981CE65262CF45CF18EFDC5F8A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName id="B230CF57CDB718B6F8B18280941E0466" LSID="https://zoobank.org/8D8F5DF5-93CF-406D-82F6-9BF0DAEA1486" authority="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard, 2023" authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Metarbelidae" genus="Shimbania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania nigeriaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriaensis" status="sp. nov.">Shimbania nigeriaensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3F143B916FF5932C0E07B6924BD53331" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="11A8A543F627667DCB8FE92A1ACC5709" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="description">
<paragraph id="9302D694A2B69D49DA749F648461BBB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<figureCitation id="178760A158BC30BA5B0E702FF10D575D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a. Shimbania wanjakinuthiaae sp. nov., holotype, male, Republic of South Africa, Province KwaZulu-Natal, ca. 5 km north of Hluhluwe, probably collected on Hluhluwe Farm; b. S. durbanica (Hampson, 1910), comb. nov., male, Republic of South Africa, Province KwaZulu-Natal, Durban; c. S. durbanica (Hampson, 1910), comb. nov., female, Republic of South Africa, Province KwaZulu-Natal, Durban; d. S. krooni sp. nov., holotype, male, Republic of South Africa, Province Eastern Cape, Port St. Johns; e. S. wichgrafi (Gruenberg, 1910), comb. nov., &quot; Type &quot;, male, Republic of South Africa, Province Gauteng, Pretoria or Johannesburg; f. S. nigeriaensis sp. nov., holotype, female, Nigeria, locality unknown, probably collected at the coast as &quot; 1 m &quot; on the label might represent the altitude." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845633" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1F91A8DAD2FBAFD2ACE0EF79F58AFD2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3AFACE843E65C9F0860DF6DFE379A31E" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF3E330625153D9B7F1092E659E9DA74" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<materialsCitation id="F31CD4E2A0DCF300F43B867D0BB4D255" collectingDate="1960-04-18" collectorName="Birket-Smith, I. Lehmann" country="Nigeria" elevation="1" location="Female" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
<location id="F067A53573379A0D2DE6949B74553855" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B332B2931580531C92B1E4215B9B2967:F067A53573379A0D2DE6949B74553855" country="Nigeria" name="Female">Female</location>
,
<emphasis id="14F69402B8FC39EE797BC948C7DF344A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<typeStatus id="6F1D6349A61F4A257DD3712688CC5FF0">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingCountry id="F6A529961C372E672967278C058AD387" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, no locality, &quot;18.4.60
<quantity id="44CC7DD543028B83D594657A408580E3" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">
<elevation id="F8F2AE959E1BBA66693C9646E626B748" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</elevation>
</quantity>
, H9&quot; [
<collectingDate id="A57EB5F661993F90A73A73F13C3FFADB" value="1960-04-18">18. April 1960</collectingDate>
altitude
<quantity id="910EFC57C3A6F63FA194B8B08879A3D4" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">
<elevation id="43E32E000FB1A012B018B023C8127325" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</elevation>
</quantity>
?], J. [Jorgen]
<collectorName id="030D49D7C29F76BF113F0879DD6A2928">Birket-Smith</collectorName>
[leg.], genitalia slide number 06/122008
<collectorName id="0A0C50245A71A34648EBADA9A96412BE">I. Lehmann</collectorName>
(ZMUC).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="18C048C9CCB4992E7CB5DE279BD1E6C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="description">
<paragraph id="8126383E5770B1AA6843B56FF9C39CFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D0D55B87E858F4F829D32FB6FBE93294" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="3C291D77C2634C8F3B31A934E851C07B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Head</emphasis>
: deep olive-buff (without any chestnut colour), short scales with cream tips, slightly glossy; eyes dark olive without spots and surrounded by short hair-like scales of light brown and deep olive-buff with a weak glint; a pair of pits is absent on lower fronto-clypeus, a pair of well visible projections is present on fronto-clypeus; pits behind labial palpi are narrow oval-shaped holes; antenna short, 0.35 length of forewing, bipectinate, branches long, 3.0
<normalizedToken id="3DEE837CEB4BFA509B92754214415812" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of shaft, not scaled, all branches are widely separated at base, 1.5
<normalizedToken id="DB5CA72B163656A28DAFDEB06284FED8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of branch; shaft covered with cream scales dorsally; labial palpi long, slightly longer than half of eye-diameter, light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="117A1528D02F51AC630DA40DDAEAD3CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="6CDBE26EA2ED2A2CE6D599A365FBEFA3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Thorax</emphasis>
: Patagia deep olive-buff, forming a collar ring, scales with light grey tips; tegulae with long hair-like scales of sepia with a light lilac glint. Metathorax with a crest of pale olive-buff scales mixed with ivory-yellow scales, with a small patch of sepia at center. Hind legs deep olive-buff with fine hair-like scales, some with light grey tips, on lower part of tarsus sepia dorsally; only one pair of narrow tibial spurs of unequal length present,
<emphasis id="D170248E53D1E9CE292676B90547F1B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
1.5 mm and 1.2 mm long. Forewing length 23.0 mm and wingspan is 50.5 mm. Forewing upperside deep olive-buff with a light golden glint towards termen, costal margin not distinctly marked; below first 2/3 of 1A+2A a sepia patch with a light lilac glint; forewing largely without any dark olive lines, veins not distinctly marked, except CuA2 that is narrowly dark olive, but only weakly marked; a large, weak and dark olive
<normalizedToken id="4D53B2AD77079E49E27A341117604EF6" originalValue="“Y”">&quot;Y&quot;</normalizedToken>
-shaped subterminal patch, broadly oval-shaped, from R3 to near end of CuA2 with a short stalk; termen without lunules; cilia long, 1.2 mm, deep olive-buff with a glint. Underside of forewing is deep olive-buff with a golden glint. Hindwing upperside is pale olive-buff with a light golden glint and with few dark olive spots; cilia as in forewing; underside as in forewing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FDA313542B854052A5AFA9F1EA80EDDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="66C52A415A0A07ABC9E12AFBC2370BE5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Abdomen</emphasis>
: deep olive-buff mixed with cream, glossy; abdominal tuft olive-buff, medium long, 1/4 length of abdomen. Postabdominal structure: with a small, narrow papillae anales, not broader than base of posterior apophysis, with many short and long setae, lobes of papillae anales very small for such a large species, 20% of size of papillae anales with some long setae towards the tip of each lobe; segment 8 broadly rectangular with a broader dorsal edge, posterior margin with two rows of long setae (up to 85% as long as the dorsal part of segment 8), ventral part narrower, also with many long setae; an oblique row of long setae is absent on segment 8 (
<emphasis id="568249E16755468F325FEE067C0C389D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
cf.
<taxonomicName id="CEB59364F30E39497D43198B878B63CC" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. kerstinhempae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerstinhempae">S. kerstinhempae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
sp. nov.); attached to the ventral end of segment 8 is a narrow sclerotized band that is connected with the base of the anterior apophysis; anterior apophysis broad, short, 1.3
<normalizedToken id="FEA30CE45D6B748DDAC3A9D127F10474" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than posterior apophysis, broader at base and with short extension ventrally, straight, slightly bent upwards towards end; posterior apophysis broad, with the same width as anterior apophysis, with a broader tip, the extremely large sclerotized base of the posterior apophysis is 40% the size of the papillae anales in lateral view. Ductus bursae unknown, but at its base is a narrow slightly sclerotized plate ventrally; corpus bursae unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B706541FE10BDBA396A0F986B9F538E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AAD39FC433040381734110EAF945C4CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C04DB93020A359374A4BD122D4A5A2CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName id="7E0D72899B5770EE299E5728FEF686C5" authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania nigeriaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriaensis">
<emphasis id="808FCE76A673D71DA2DA85CA2AAA02E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania nigeriaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a similar large wing size like most of the species presented herein from Kenya and Tanzania, but the postabdominal structure shares two characters with
<taxonomicName id="354C8EF7BBB9C4E632B7F09C1430B386" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. durbanica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbanica">
<emphasis id="4AA9DDA3E9F36413CC30059B9185C83C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. durbanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the &quot;KwaZulu-Natal Coastal Belt&quot; in the Republic of South Africa, namely two rows of very long setae along the posterior margin of segment 8 and very small lobes of the papillae anales that are only as large as 20% of the papillae anales. The postabdominal structure can be separated from all other congeners by a narrow dorsal gap of segment 8 that is as long as 80% of the dorsal edge. Such a gap is absent in
<taxonomicName id="3F3CBA537EC1CE978736556FA5046606" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. kerstinhempae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerstinhempae">
<emphasis id="4BF42DC6C583DA038ED01C678471F038" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. kerstinhempae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and
<taxonomicName id="6A3B5E11E503CCAFED904A1F89251073" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. durbanica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbanica">
<emphasis id="4D1C003986E00805A5CAFF50C39E9684" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. durbanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Another unique character of
<taxonomicName id="BCB1B2ADC101A18A49AAEC3C7FA9C2F1" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. nigeriaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriaensis">
<emphasis id="97779E455225D79FECB2AA892640A260" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. nigeriaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is that the hindlegs have only one pair of tibial spurs instead of two pairs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFE2C7592C7FC697B6A6B9305E66D30E" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FA31FB23A627FC36121AEB7FDB1C9B49" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B4DFAF33578325BE826B84E1C6D9278" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
If &quot;1 m&quot; represents the altitude of the collecting site in Nigeria it can be concluded that
<taxonomicName id="8AA9C44D47DC0DB6CE4E32280DC94937" authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania nigeriaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriaensis">
<emphasis id="E43C83417C986B526181C24A3C52E023" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania nigeriaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. occurs locally along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. A typical forest type along the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean from Sierra Leone to western Gabon is &quot;Hygrophilous coastal evergreen Guineo-Congolian rain forest&quot;
<emphasis id="489A499212514995F43CC9B894BA3191" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="68659F920FA1F4939EDEC9F1ABA00D55" author="White, F" journalOrPublisher="Unesco, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B104" refString="White, F, 1983. The Vegetation of Africa: a Descriptive Memoir to Accompany the Unesco/AETFAT/UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa. Natural Resources Research no. XX. Unesco, Paris" title="The Vegetation of Africa: a Descriptive Memoir to Accompany the Unesco / AETFAT / UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa. Natural Resources Research no. XX." year="1983">White (1983)</bibRefCitation>
. This forest type is characterized by a very high diversity of woody legumes of the
<taxonomicName id="243B6FE25EB7900F5E5684C28BB161BD" authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Bombacaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caesalpinioideae">Caesalpinioideae</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="750F848E8F81058FE54294C5B6EB57E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">e.g. Brachystegia cynometroides</emphasis>
Harms and has a very rich and distinctive endemic flora,
<emphasis id="0BDE02717656D263061A1985BB711322" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">e.g. Sacoglottis gabonensis</emphasis>
(Baill.) Urb. (
<taxonomicName id="15F133EAD1F2CE45CA1580E9A1D95286" authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Humiriaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Humiriaceae</taxonomicName>
). The average annual rainfall of more than 2000 mm, locally more than 3000 mm, is very high for the habitat. A common character with the habitat of
<taxonomicName id="98F0374604603BBA4F544A30D4E139FC" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. durbanica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbanica">
<emphasis id="85A1CB8077D544AC20ECB2971F0B919E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. durbanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the absence of an entirely rain-free period (although the average rainfall is much lower with 989 mm,
<emphasis id="43F4D9B96B812299054B514FB163C046" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">cf.</emphasis>
above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC6BD0B827ADDD5BD771B66AFC8BCA53" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
Based on its distribution,
<taxonomicName id="86077574CCC1484FFDF89C7FFD61868B" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. nigeriaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriaensis">
<emphasis id="B2B5967FBC80DEC940B8AF418C619890" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. nigeriaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be classified as a lowland species that is most probably endemic to the &quot;Hygrophilous coastal evergreen Guineo-Congolian rain forest&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="818692A839897F71F6AA074F396C4233" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="36AC57FEB7A4B8CFA683DE353B8E5AA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E57FDC31E001092ECAA36592D919895D" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName id="B6349B8BDA1C748DBE0E7D94D5F9CD84" authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania nigeriaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriaensis">
<emphasis id="54E753DE06A7D128E6D61969F59BB208" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania nigeriaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is named for the country Nigeria.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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