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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="7665" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d1a9539b-2df1-42f0-8151-ecf8e6678bc5" ID-PMC="PMC7994289" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1025-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ED8CE7C82F1F5D2EB751F7861A64A53B" ID-PubMed="33814945" ID-ZooBank="1AB94895532E49989D63BDD5DAC8F321" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1025-35" checkinTime="1616152336139" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chen, Ze-Ning, Shi, Sheng-Chao, Vogel, Gernot, Ding, Li &amp; Shi, Jing-Song" docDate="2021" docId="B28A12D4F5215F33AC6F609B5D59AEDA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1025: 35-71" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1025" docPubDate="2021-03-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305" docTitle="Bungarus candidus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="ED8CE7C82F1F5D2EB751F7861A64A53B" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="ED8CE7C82F1F5D2EB751F7861A64A53B" masterDocTitle="Multiple lines of evidence reveal a new species of Krait (Squamata, Elapidae, Bungarus) from Southwestern China and Northern Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1732804310959" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BD6B80790EF95FAAA48AD45B4D7D005D">Multiple lines of evidence reveal a new species of Krait (Squamata, Elapidae, Bungarus) from Southwestern China and Northern Myanmar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D02F3E8DFA3A5B58779D725C117FBF7F">Chen, Ze-Ning</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E431BA2BBB839360F47BCE5576213647" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2266-7776</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B538DDDCC4C6E11240F951A03DD0AEAB">Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China &amp; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="89FBADBD6053203A8EDA375ED893E481">Shi, Sheng-Chao</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E1415D6161D73FC9F69B1A290A620232" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-6572</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="92B4AF3569604B7110FE379DBDACCE8B">Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="EFB5E5B5F813CCACB402A1B923C24651">Vogel, Gernot</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E3FED49B7FBB9FFA8B4A33122E59DD41" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-518X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F9DED00778B47D353685A7FACB6EAC39">Society for Southeast Asian Herpetology, Im Sand 3, Heidelberg D- 69115, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B74CD02C99DA08BBE8DDC4DD0DBB070C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DBE330CEF4E4ED8BD8AB16F8BFCEB933">Ding, Li</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0467FE376AAD063F1B13E9EEA73CF58E" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2559-5755</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9B56B40302A0D315D7E96D44266E78C4">Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="15C5608744423E70915ECBEE31561DC8" type="email">dingli@cib.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B445654E74944592BD03722F7F488963">Shi, Jing-Song</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0B73B767BBBEB529B4B5AF17D8F2DD0F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9168-1734</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="BE4D9224DB3F74FCCFA74EF0FD88F19E">Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D3D298903BF21BB34D6E0EDDE9675A9F" type="email">shijingsong@ivpp.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="3E45027F732F2BC8A1FBC2FAAD65EA0B">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B28A12D4F5215F33AC6F609B5D59AEDA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180596119" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B28A12D4F5215F33AC6F609B5D59AEDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B28A12D4F5215F33AC6F609B5D59AEDA" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" scope_class="Squamata" scope_family="Elapidae">
<subSubSection id="5A92FCA71837E8C550EC220FD2F3981A" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5416B5E03CB0813242428C8FF1BC6F60" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="A3432E02886C79EBB88E90A4BCCCB1F2" LSID="B28A12D4-F521-5F33-AC6F-609B5D59AEDA" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bungarus candidus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="candidus">Bungarus candidus (Linnaeus, 1758)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="9046444E7BAEBBDB252AC0FBF2BBCB93" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adults of the Bungarus candidus / Bungarus multicinctus / Bungarus wanghaotingi complex A, B Bungarus multicinctus, adult male, CIB DL 2019051701 from Lishui, Zhejiang, China C, D B. candidus, female, NMW 9486: 1 from Pelambang, Java E, F B. wanghaotingi, male, CIB MLML 20170801 from Mengla, Yunnan, China. Scale bars: 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521372" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figs 4C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="5973443A0DB2DF67A345AC3986414ADB" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of juveniles of the Bungarus candidus / Bungarus multicinctus / Bungarus wanghaotingi complex A, B B. multicinctus, female, CIB DL 18090209 from Fujian, China C, D B. candidus, female, NMW 27730: 4 from Tasikmalaya, Java E, F B. wanghaotingi, unknown sex, CIB JCR 36 from Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China. Scale bars: 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521373" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 5C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E7575A0A0C0851E4DE5F886A3D1AD00D" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsolateral head view of adults (left) and juveniles (right) of the Bungarus candidus / Bungarus multicinctus / Bungarus wanghaotingi complex and B. suzhenae sp. nov. A B. multicinctus, adult male, CIB DL 2019051701 from Lishui, Zhejiang, China B B. multicinctus, juvenile female, CIB DL 18090209 from Fujian, China C B. candidus, adult female, NMW 9486: 1 from Pelambang, Java D B. candidus, juvenile female, NMW 27730: 4 from Tasikmalaya, Java E B. wanghaotingi, adult male, CIB MLML 20170801 from Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China F B. wanghaotingi, unknown sex juvenile, CIB JCR 36 from Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China G B. suzhenae sp. nov. adult female, CIB 116090 H B. suzhenae sp. nov. subadult male, CIB 116088." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521374" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 6C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8215EE55E9F7AE38121A308353969D4" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Body patterns of adults (left) and juveniles (right) of the Bungarus candidus / Bungarus multicinctus / Bungarus wanghaotingi complex and B. suzhenae sp. nov. A B. multicinctus, adult male CIB DL 2019051701 from Lishui, Zhejiang, China B B. multicinctus juvenile female, CIB DL 18090209 from Fujian, China C B. candidus, adult male, NMW 27711: 1 from Bandong, Java D B. candidus, juvenile male, RMNH 11416 from Pelambang, Java E B. wanghaotingi, adult male, CIB MLML 20170801 from Mengla, Yunnan, China F B. wanghaotingi, unknown sex juvenile CIB JCR 36 from Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China G B. suzhenae sp. nov. adult male, CIB 116089 from Yingjiang, Yunnan, China H B. suzhenae sp. nov. subadult male, CIB 116088 from Yingjiang, Yunnan, China." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521375" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 7C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="EF7B190D1F96CD94E8D7D7A4330BA396" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Hemipenial morphology of the Bungarus candidus / Bungarus multicinctus / Bungarus wanghaotingi complex and B. suzhenae sp. nov. Sulcate view (left), asulcate view (middle), spines (right) A-C B. multicinctus, CIB DL 2019051701 from Lishui, Zhejiang, China, body length 993 mm D-F B. candidus, RH 06153 from Quang Binh Province, Vietnam, body length 1200 mm G-I B. wanghaotingi, CIB MLML 20170801 from Mengla, Yunnan, China, body length 1170 mm J-L B. suzhenae sp. nov., CIB 116089 from Yingjiang, Yunnan, China, body length 1140 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521377" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
, 9D-F [English name: Blue Krait] [Chinese name:
<normalizedToken id="E815C628725F3B2FCB3214F9F060FE5D" originalValue="马来环蛇">马来环蛇</normalizedToken>
]
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8F393BB365D25BC8C1C5B259A01DEFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="85AB4CBDE39AC1F01DD5A392DC92AA21" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="2EF43DB0654C12A00E4397FD5052F88E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" family="Elapidae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber candidus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="candidus">Coluber candidus</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus 1758: 223.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6EA4FE5BBAC697828C15972730205E6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="48EF416F5BBD05CAC8CE57BF4675E323" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bungarus candidus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="candidus">Bungarus candidus</taxonomicName>
- Cantor 1847
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E215F9B5D3A787FF62E33876A0847916" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="5E3EC4F1C7AA182631113080405D1416" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bungarus semifasciatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="semifasciatus">Bungarus semifasciatus</taxonomicName>
Boie 1827
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A3695131140F5A482C1267DE54AB514" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="71410D4241381ABA2A73EED06ADC9150" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" family="Elapidae" genus="Aspidoclonion" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspidoclonion semifasciatum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="semifasciatum">Aspidoclonion semifasciatum</taxonomicName>
- Wagler 1828
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C4A6330ADF30A0DBBB01085705AF559" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="11781FE6C5B10D94DA6F9D7982AFB087" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1900" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bungarus candidus subsp. var. var. semifasciata" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="variety" species="candidus" subSpecies="var." variety="semifasciata">Bungarus candidus var. semifasciata</taxonomicName>
- Werner 1900
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="92BE934F8EF8BC117848B2D7057AB58D" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="7FE57B948AD0502B0ED68349E343A404" authorityName="Kopstein" authorityYear="1932" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bungarus javanicus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="javanicus">Bungarus javanicus</taxonomicName>
Kopstein 1932 (
<emphasis id="1EE108E91DE06EB6B59831C44A69AE75" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">fide</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C15D56C38A5B8FDFBA3D0D6EAEB81F16" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1564956" author="Slowinski, JB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="440 - 446" refId="B47" refString="Slowinski, JB, 1994. A Phylogenetic Analysis of Bungarus (Elapidae) Based on Morphological Characters. Journal of Herpetology 28: 440 - 446, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1564956" title="A Phylogenetic Analysis of Bungarus (Elapidae) Based on Morphological Characters." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1564956" volume="28" year="1994">Slowinski 1994</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="11B81496B82817FF19599AA644B4A191" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="293A32DB4AE0FBB24F8BE5D57C50D914" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bungarus candidus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="candidus">Bungarus candidus</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="2B21AC2D15CE7408771ED29B582658E8" author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" refId="B48" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London, 387-390." title="The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London, 387 - 390." year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
: 416
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EC0A116B4CABD3D2F00D713ABCAE980B" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="C0551AC1E432214B105F469044D8AA9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus id="1183CF8E1166B4FC82530AB74FD8A25B">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0969CF653366F9E85931272E22138F38" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<normalizedToken id="1023A71CCAD180CDE2E93D966E83917B" originalValue="“Indiis”">
&quot;
<materialsCitation id="A97433597778CF1F393A5A17F72D0810" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3058638306" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="NRM" specimenCode="NRM 37" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Indiis&quot; (in error).
<emphasis id="AA84AF150C6D24716EFF4C89F1C959CC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus id="0AF714E8A44A842FCB3E5E77366E8246">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCode id="535FF21E43FB56A6FDD0CED54098E99B" collectionCode="NRM" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" type="Museum">NRM 37</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
</normalizedToken>
<materialsCitation id="5CC190EA18C3FB9EE3E4EF7E6BD8A882" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3058638307" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="ZIUS" isTailEnumeration="true" specimenCode="ZIUS 89" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
(formerly
<specimenCode id="0552C9CF19D55C4E27F944004E5A3A16" collectionCode="ZIUS" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w9mn-vthv" name="Zoologisches Institute der Universitat" type="">ZIUS 89</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="53317DFECE6FF88D0343592EF9468451" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
Typical
<taxonomicName id="ACA7773E11E9046E5DE87C246CAB3F8B" lsidName="B. candidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="candidus">
<emphasis id="76B1E87B85C3406F382AF9AD759ABED0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B. candidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses following morphological characters based on the examination of
<specimenCount id="737E20DE3E8B6A93D540817B7B6BB49F" type="generic">19 specimens</specimenCount>
from
<collectingRegion id="CC4E584796EF0857F2E1A433C311FB6F" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="108B729BC8C2CD689D854C39F486E373" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="340B58C7D485010DEAE27F7B5F6F35C0" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
; Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="0438A93782C38EC0A0A7B7B6CCB5CDB9" name="Malaysia">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(Appendix 1): (1) Dorsum of most specimens with 21.4
<normalizedToken id="3976B59DC11E902F07080463C76509BB" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.8, (18-26) broad white crossbands, with each band covers 3.8
<normalizedToken id="6F57124EE0432E3BD4A5E4B973DA5708" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.6, (3.0-5.0) vertebral scales on midbody, (Figs
<figureCitation id="C26280B99783A47C3A737B804DC6CA1F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adults of the Bungarus candidus / Bungarus multicinctus / Bungarus wanghaotingi complex A, B Bungarus multicinctus, adult male, CIB DL 2019051701 from Lishui, Zhejiang, China C, D B. candidus, female, NMW 9486: 1 from Pelambang, Java E, F B. wanghaotingi, male, CIB MLML 20170801 from Mengla, Yunnan, China. Scale bars: 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521372" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">4C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E9CA3DDE8CA0DC5A89901FA22B32C997" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of juveniles of the Bungarus candidus / Bungarus multicinctus / Bungarus wanghaotingi complex A, B B. multicinctus, female, CIB DL 18090209 from Fujian, China C, D B. candidus, female, NMW 27730: 4 from Tasikmalaya, Java E, F B. wanghaotingi, unknown sex, CIB JCR 36 from Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China. Scale bars: 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521373" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">5C, D</figureCitation>
), uniform black in some populations (
<bibRefCitation id="88B59F7B7FFEFCB79A36CC2BCA3D9DA9" author="Kuch, U" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" refId="B29" refString="Kuch, U, 2007. The Effect of Cenozoic Global Change on the Evolution of a Clade of Asian Front-fanged Venomous Snakes: (Squamata: Elapidae: Bungarus). PhD thesis, Frankfurt am Main, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitaet." title="The Effect of Cenozoic Global Change on the Evolution of a Clade of Asian Front-fanged Venomous Snakes: (Squamata: Elapidae: Bungarus). PhD thesis, Frankfurt am Main, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitaet." year="2007">Kuch 2007</bibRefCitation>
); (2) ventral body immaculate white, without brown pigments (Figs
<figureCitation id="3146CC6647F14D6B5E3FE031EB57DFDF" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adults of the Bungarus candidus / Bungarus multicinctus / Bungarus wanghaotingi complex A, B Bungarus multicinctus, adult male, CIB DL 2019051701 from Lishui, Zhejiang, China C, D B. candidus, female, NMW 9486: 1 from Pelambang, Java E, F B. wanghaotingi, male, CIB MLML 20170801 from Mengla, Yunnan, China. Scale bars: 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521372" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">4C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6E91335A143BF12D5F0FBE212259BC4D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of juveniles of the Bungarus candidus / Bungarus multicinctus / Bungarus wanghaotingi complex A, B B. multicinctus, female, CIB DL 18090209 from Fujian, China C, D B. candidus, female, NMW 27730: 4 from Tasikmalaya, Java E, F B. wanghaotingi, unknown sex, CIB JCR 36 from Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China. Scale bars: 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521373" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">5C, D</figureCitation>
); (3) scales on temporal area and lateral neck stained white, contrast with neighbor scales on neck in adults, creamy white in juveniles (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9E44B47191DDE442B1412E578AB3BCAB" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsolateral head view of adults (left) and juveniles (right) of the Bungarus candidus / Bungarus multicinctus / Bungarus wanghaotingi complex and B. suzhenae sp. nov. A B. multicinctus, adult male, CIB DL 2019051701 from Lishui, Zhejiang, China B B. multicinctus, juvenile female, CIB DL 18090209 from Fujian, China C B. candidus, adult female, NMW 9486: 1 from Pelambang, Java D B. candidus, juvenile female, NMW 27730: 4 from Tasikmalaya, Java E B. wanghaotingi, adult male, CIB MLML 20170801 from Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China F B. wanghaotingi, unknown sex juvenile, CIB JCR 36 from Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China G B. suzhenae sp. nov. adult female, CIB 116090 H B. suzhenae sp. nov. subadult male, CIB 116088." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521374" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">6C, D</figureCitation>
); (4) black bands on body large, covering 3-5 vertebral scales on middle body, intruding to white ventral body, ventrals with narrow black edges 1-2 times of outer dorsal scales (Fig.
<figureCitation id="139FA320129547E090BFF4B720F98C0E" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Body patterns of adults (left) and juveniles (right) of the Bungarus candidus / Bungarus multicinctus / Bungarus wanghaotingi complex and B. suzhenae sp. nov. A B. multicinctus, adult male CIB DL 2019051701 from Lishui, Zhejiang, China B B. multicinctus juvenile female, CIB DL 18090209 from Fujian, China C B. candidus, adult male, NMW 27711: 1 from Bandong, Java D B. candidus, juvenile male, RMNH 11416 from Pelambang, Java E B. wanghaotingi, adult male, CIB MLML 20170801 from Mengla, Yunnan, China F B. wanghaotingi, unknown sex juvenile CIB JCR 36 from Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China G B. suzhenae sp. nov. adult male, CIB 116089 from Yingjiang, Yunnan, China H B. suzhenae sp. nov. subadult male, CIB 116088 from Yingjiang, Yunnan, China." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521375" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">7C, D</figureCitation>
); (5) ventral tail with broad dark crossbands (Figs
<figureCitation id="6B986803A7A9F502E9585A22BAC650BB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adults of the Bungarus candidus / Bungarus multicinctus / Bungarus wanghaotingi complex A, B Bungarus multicinctus, adult male, CIB DL 2019051701 from Lishui, Zhejiang, China C, D B. candidus, female, NMW 9486: 1 from Pelambang, Java E, F B. wanghaotingi, male, CIB MLML 20170801 from Mengla, Yunnan, China. Scale bars: 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521372" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">4D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="544D76E0A3ED20BFCE0DEBDD1DDCBCB7" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of juveniles of the Bungarus candidus / Bungarus multicinctus / Bungarus wanghaotingi complex A, B B. multicinctus, female, CIB DL 18090209 from Fujian, China C, D B. candidus, female, NMW 27730: 4 from Tasikmalaya, Java E, F B. wanghaotingi, unknown sex, CIB JCR 36 from Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China. Scale bars: 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521373" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">5D</figureCitation>
); (6) posterior maxilla teeth four (n = 9), slightly curved behind, (Table
<tableCitation id="6C29A2ACC547536E27951C4B07FFA0FC" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Teeth count of some members of subfamily Elapidae in this study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/032EB8BB548D1B13BA72A418AD9F1ABD" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="032EB8BB548D1B13BA72A418AD9F1ABD">3</tableCitation>
); (7) prefrontal suture 1.4-2.4 (n = 17) times the length of internasals suture; (8) VEN = 209-224 (n = 18), NSC = 41-50 (n = 17).
</paragraph>
<caption id="1C9F5FB8131F691FAEA3A7FA308DAB95" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521375" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="4762967E5A13131BB0E2C19210F1A287" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="140382D0D734D9DAAD068F355AEAD6D5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Body patterns of adults (left) and juveniles (right) of the
<taxonomicName id="810D564F6745A3515A80EFA61C1883A2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bungarus candidus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="candidus">
<emphasis id="B5EC097ED9597CE9F53AF2D914F9DD5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Bungarus candidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="2C803E41FFBF7A2356A5E27738509C4E" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1860" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bungarus multicinctus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
<emphasis id="F1FC4B0630CEF90F84B5BE411F26AF6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Bungarus multicinctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="C34EBB37FC8C93B8A291DFFB273E343C" authorityName="Pope" authorityYear="1928" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bungarus wanghaotingi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="wanghaotingi">
<emphasis id="776CD78D21145C135721D04D474180B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Bungarus wanghaotingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex and
<taxonomicName id="E49E827CE9E55183E3B441751F18FB52" lsidName="B. suzhenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="suzhenae">
<emphasis id="4394DF8255C2F98D41F557E149CA18F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B. suzhenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="38AF8A71D5073501B5C3CD9A189A2D13" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7AA7CB0D5E8FE41E95607335510F4250" lsidName="B. multicinctus" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
<emphasis id="060CEE0467DC920F04B3194E447B940E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B. multicinctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult male
<collectionCode id="FDACB7BC725F499DD8A526B308316931" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vxkr-andy" name="Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, S.C. (Mexico)" type="">CIB</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="F4E6DDB89E603B050932FA647B940934">DL</collectionCode>
2019051701 from Lishui, Zhejiang,
<collectingCountry id="6F7E4FD57D21AF4D0C7CDC4B634AE39B" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="3D8EFD9ECC1575C87B6BCDF275389AF3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E9EDC6D5E437D4BFC87B9039300F38D1" lsidName="B. multicinctus" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
<emphasis id="4A269C64C29D8CBB3EE0324D60E3AF9E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B. multicinctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
juvenile female,
<collectionCode id="12E9BBE5AAD7638247F951028C8F9313" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vxkr-andy" name="Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, S.C. (Mexico)" type="">CIB</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="74279E8FED23772029A8361E3D819BD8">DL</collectionCode>
18090209 from
<collectingRegion id="1A725845CFEF59E57140566F1569921A" country="China" name="Fujian">Fujian</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E205B9E480411A0F4150934985F61A83" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="BBF711244081C22140706FC94773458C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ACCA71F1986A74968D430038D6533440" lsidName="B. candidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="candidus">
<emphasis id="64566C9B43CD9A9FD6704F00E2AF35D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B. candidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult male,
<accessionNumber id="A34B4ED255FD51BE8EBAD777B5B37389" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NMW27711">
<collectionCode id="10E82DE8E1F49EF338EF984C366B05CB" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" type="">NMW</collectionCode>
27711
</accessionNumber>
:1 from Bandong, Java
<emphasis id="2D2B9C1B83329AF01FB2229016F11434" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F4CCE0E5B99D2506DECF84A34F424FB4" lsidName="B. candidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="candidus">
<emphasis id="06211EE4674E247B4D5E181D2A96BE10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B. candidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, juvenile male,
<collectionCode id="93D0177EB8777216338834136BAE0730" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
11416 from Pelambang, Java
<emphasis id="033291919030E3AE0273E21189823498" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="998DB24A630BD911D248D6C5E02B1959" lsidName="B. wanghaotingi" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="wanghaotingi">
<emphasis id="F8F4B75991B5BEEAB181006A42AA103D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B. wanghaotingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult male,
<collectionCode id="FB20EC2F1471903D97DA248AB20D149C" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vxkr-andy" name="Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, S.C. (Mexico)" type="">CIB</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="C3BE691EEA6F1D0B81175268C64CF367">MLML</collectionCode>
20170801 from Mengla,
<collectingRegion id="D6658844D1303320FDBCD433B1F7F8C7" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="236CA76830118759D02B72B38CC9AA2E" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="560931FB80F0AFED17AA6EE3517B2545" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9DC0943245FFFA74E06DA88A707F9E31" lsidName="B. wanghaotingi" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="wanghaotingi">
<emphasis id="C8FAE7F839CA38EF0F625AE9458221AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B. wanghaotingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, unknown sex juvenile
<collectionCode id="EAC18A08E1EC540FD9B8BE3FD6CB55BF" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vxkr-andy" name="Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, S.C. (Mexico)" type="">CIB</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="8A2C048E7F5659D47F9C68F366B86984">JCR</collectionCode>
36 from Jiangcheng,
<collectingRegion id="EFDB69ADBD385529B6B8E2996B6D53AE" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="9669127C4680DBBA630B39621BF3F71F" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="32FB39BBCD17D82D5D184AC156F66D04" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="99157E7DEECEC40E89CC4A27FA783BE7" lsidName="B. suzhenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="suzhenae">
<emphasis id="B957941367FAF0229F2D8BC33DF288A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B. suzhenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. adult male,
<collectionCode id="932C3A762D10AFF1FB7D1FB58330EBDA" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vxkr-andy" name="Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, S.C. (Mexico)" type="">CIB</collectionCode>
116089 from Yingjiang,
<collectingRegion id="CA69AECA36194FD46742B1DBEB75048D" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="9CA1CDCC09AA663A701656AC5D68BEEE" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="2CB922B41DB6CA3E0648BBB6D6AA356F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="37EE188C70181A435C432042BD5ECB87" lsidName="B. suzhenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="suzhenae">
<emphasis id="358B8F5007026510211D2745253E4783" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B. suzhenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. subadult male,
<collectionCode id="2F959CB0E242A17E197B1E06EEFF72A6" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vxkr-andy" name="Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, S.C. (Mexico)" type="">CIB</collectionCode>
116088 from Yingjiang,
<collectingRegion id="D396CF192F884FCF5F9580C5E878F79A" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="1AAD58ED807C75FE95984780C9EFB249" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C4DC9C199B48F8B5EBD0BA93593FA251" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
The hemipenes of
<taxonomicName id="0C369DFD030A296BCE9F8766A2C6AB3C" lsidName="B. candidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="candidus">
<emphasis id="F5F82FB2ED6CA183C4F85B8295E19AF8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B. candidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described based on photos of a male (Fig.
<figureCitation id="69CF70EB2B0284333361DA2876462AD0" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Hemipenial morphology of the Bungarus candidus / Bungarus multicinctus / Bungarus wanghaotingi complex and B. suzhenae sp. nov. Sulcate view (left), asulcate view (middle), spines (right) A-C B. multicinctus, CIB DL 2019051701 from Lishui, Zhejiang, China, body length 993 mm D-F B. candidus, RH 06153 from Quang Binh Province, Vietnam, body length 1200 mm G-I B. wanghaotingi, CIB MLML 20170801 from Mengla, Yunnan, China, body length 1170 mm J-L B. suzhenae sp. nov., CIB 116089 from Yingjiang, Yunnan, China, body length 1140 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1025.62305.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/521377" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">9D-F</figureCitation>
, collecting No. RH06153, total length
<quantity id="BD04FC33A860583A3D78088E590A4606" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="cm" value="120.0">120 cm</quantity>
) from Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park Administration,
<collectingRegion id="B4FDC2BDBBAEB4CA539A124ADD6830C0" country="Vietnam" name="Quang Binh">Quang Binh Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="EB71DB670204E7FDF6ABA60767763680" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, by Ralf Hendrix. This specimen was tentatively identified as
<taxonomicName id="1CB37B7A47B599877D82BADBE87EE881" lsidName="B. candidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="candidus">
<emphasis id="37BCC7575B8FE1B08674126AA16C0AF1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B. candidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of (1, 2, 4-8) characters in the former morphological description. The hemipenis was partially everted, with large spines present on the medial portion of the organ at the position of the first subcaudal scale; smaller spinous calyces present near the base and another spinous zone present posterior from the row of larger spines. Spinous calyces along organ all elongated, robust at bases and gradually tapering to a tip without distinct bordering. Tips of spines strongly keratinized, semitransparent when fresh, bent towards the base of hemipenes. Sulcus not shown in the photos.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E5B32D8043A387E0F95E61E4E486C5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
Distribution. This species is known from following localities based on specimens examined and/or DNA sequences data:
<collectingRegion id="BC0D4A8A32094F74B7481342EEF8FD03" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="489DF6BA4D4764A4DD3BBD32740F14B3" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
Island,
<collectingCountry id="75DE78CF29C75A7A0F8D265FFBAD2CCC" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
; Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="C837123E6866878AC76752FA113C6B47" name="Malaysia">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="94ADA6B6ED073EB11EA67F2CAA1F5FDF" name="Cambodia">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
; Central and Southern
<collectingCountry id="6EB34F37C845C35C36419ACF9408F4F4" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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