181 lines
20 KiB
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181 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="25CCD521A0E166572ADD4099D79603CC" ID-CLB-Dataset="33569" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6e73c7bb-c234-4787-aa8f-c7ff2bc30493" ID-PMC="PMC4714363" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-545-1" ID-PubMed="26798290" ID-ZooBank="A7C891350A864AE7A543DBE1E44E5263" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-545-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 545" ModsDocTitle="Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species" checkinTime="1451243633540" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi & Fujita, Toshihiko" docDate="2015" docId="AF993033F10D80AD501959334557A55E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 545: 1-26" docOrigin="ZooKeys 545" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415" docTitle="Stichopus horrens Selenka 1867" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="E60EFF88FFF4FFE6FFEE9E1AFF9D2E20" masterDocTitle="Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1701379130557" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5589FD0CD10CAFA38F227CA597B221E2">Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="28EEBE0D6C220C5BE82C0E2EB92EEBD0">Woo, Sau Pinn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FDD7405F9938D03CDB30435B5CBAA140">Yasin, Zulfigar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F944B6A17FEAE39EA5F351E72B7C7005">Tan, Shau Hwai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9016F64052AB66D5ECE1AF1D0418AA81">Kajihara, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7AC1263C36C84707F7E3A14020CB9020">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="1BFD3272D4DB2B63E6067250A3B5BB3F">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FC765EFE959E033E4F1445B14D509185">545</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AF993033F10D80AD501959334557A55E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127899761" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF993033F10D80AD501959334557A55E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF993033F10D80AD501959334557A55E" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="41BEB7090B1E5CA92655852F21105B84" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="08EB80FBC6BB4302107A0469FD170AC7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Taxon classification Animalia Aspidochirotida Stichopodidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="29BBEC78A1FAB7F11214DA0B0E7ECA7C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="ABFBA43422D657478B3CE36CD41C992F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="086C9021B49DA6C3E35F490FE85086CB" ID-CoL="6ZS4X" authority="Selenka, 1867" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus horrens" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="horrens">Stichopus horrens Selenka, 1867</taxonomicName>
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Figs 6, 7
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1C38A6348A7C1BABED79300FF6C75EF1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="83DABEBA272E64A321DE1E68C6986EE6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="7377CB7B6AB3C0AE0876A5FC806966D3" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus horrens" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="horrens">Stichopus horrens</taxonomicName>
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Selenka, 1867: 316;
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<bibRefCitation id="FADD37FAEB7C2294DA0C43F96806AD53" author="Panning, A" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="2 - 76" title="Die Trepangfischerei." volume="49" year="1944">Panning 1944</bibRefCitation>
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: 35;
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<bibRefCitation id="0A29FD902E47AC73FF134350364D4EC8" author="Loi, TN" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Faculte des Sciences, Saigon" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="237 - 248" title="Les holothuries de la baie de Nhatrang (1 note)." volume="2" year="1963">Loi and Sach 1963</bibRefCitation>
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: 238, pl. 1, fig. B, C, pl. VI, Fig. 2;
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<bibRefCitation id="66D58A34FBC190115E45CADFF3E4CBB8" author="Cannon, LRG" journalOrPublisher="Queensland Museum, Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 60" title="Sea cucumbers of northern Australia: i-viii" year="1986">Cannon and Silver 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 27, figs 2d, 7g;
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<bibRefCitation id="FF7FE7F294A9A912533B534E43FC7204" author="Feral, JP" editor="Richard, A" journalOrPublisher="ORSTOM, Paris" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="55 - 107" title="Guide des etoiles de mer, oursins et autres echinodermes du lagon de Nouvelle-Caledonie" year="1986">
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<normalizedToken id="38EAD79BD84666BCA6DC62E3D811215F" originalValue="Féral">Feral</normalizedToken>
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and Cherbonnier 1986
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 96;
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<bibRefCitation id="0C4BE04B88AD51455AB1A142E090A9B2" author="Cherbonnier, G" journalOrPublisher="Faune de Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 292" title="Echinodermes: Holothurides." volume="70" year="1988">Cherbonnier 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 147, fig. 61
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<normalizedToken id="3675B216EC45102C5521670AE730DD5E" originalValue="A–P">A-P</normalizedToken>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="922666F3B1BDB45955FAF898E70CD743" author="Rowe, FWE" editor="Wells, A" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Publishing, Clayton" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" title="Zoological Catalogue of Australia" year="1995">Rowe and Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 324;
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<bibRefCitation id="7AAA63C9EA3DB313D396D360D854BA09" author="Gosliner, TM" journalOrPublisher="Sea challengers, Monterey" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 314" title="Animal life from Africa to Hawaii exclusive of the vertebrates." volumeTitle="Coral Reef Animal of the Indo-Pacific" year="1996">Gosliner et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 281, fig. 1033;
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<bibRefCitation id="B1AB351AFF273F04EDF395A1ED304F82" author="Byrne, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1068 - 1081" title="Molecular taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution in the family Stichopodidae (Aspidochirotida: Holothuroidea) based on COI and 16 S mitochondrial DNA." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.013" volume="56" year="2010">Byrne et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 1077, fig. 2
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<normalizedToken id="6C914E383693473BE02F4A1CF7E033CE" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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, fig. 3
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<normalizedToken id="3FA854BD7F82FFED70F572A37BBF07EA" originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F96283279F0557CA9149F6E0A02184B8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="66433DE946D712D2399E1A6D8D933EA6" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus godeffroyi" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="godeffroyi">Stichopus godeffroyi</taxonomicName>
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Semper, 1868: 75, pl. 30, fig. 4;
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<bibRefCitation id="CBD8C30A005FFBFDF44A24388944BA28" author="Sluiter, CP" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift der Neder-Landsche Dierkundige Vereeniging" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 28" title="Neue holothurien aus der tier-see des Indischen Archipels gesammelt durch die Siboga-expedition." volume="7" year="1901">Sluiter 1901</bibRefCitation>
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: 31.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B3DF50490C029AA09B815EBE8481F9F0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="DB2EBD1576CEAB36D36586A0C9C59D12" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus godeffroyi var. pygmaeus" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="godeffroyi" variety="pygmaeus">Stichopus godeffroyi var. pygmaeus</taxonomicName>
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Semper, 1868: 75;
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<bibRefCitation id="DBD023D0101C78C4211E1166204ACAAD" author="Lampert, K" editor="Semper, C" journalOrPublisher="CW Kreidel's Verlag, Wiesbaden" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 312" title="Die Zeewalzen, Holothuroidea, eine systematische Monographie mit bestimmungs und verbreitungs." volumeTitle="Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen Zweriter teil Wissenschaftliche Resultate" year="1885">Lampert 1885</bibRefCitation>
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: 105;
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<bibRefCitation id="737FB456BD104421B7E12B0A291E5007" author="Ludwig, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="805 - 820" title="Die von Dr J Brock im Indischen Archipel gesammelten Holothurien." volume="3" year="1888">Ludwig 1888</bibRefCitation>
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: 812.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F1D91EFD9110071CAD27AD1960416C2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="A4256237EE02CCF712EC1A1396FB3A84" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus tropicalis" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">Stichopus tropicalis</taxonomicName>
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Fisher, 1907: 676, pl. 70, fig. 1
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<normalizedToken id="A2B4CADF8E2704BB6DD437E0F0A9BC70" originalValue="a–i">a-i</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="26598EF153633DE1AECB296C0293FB95" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="BE9C88EEFDA4F8F620F5E15B60DA33DD" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A83E7D192549811C9BC844823F0E577" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Four specimens: USM/MSL/PP001, USM/MSL/PP002, USM/MSL/PP003, USM/MSL/PP006.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43A4B9928F2DBD4F06936E01DAAA93D4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="8AC1F757CB20C0012E974CB8DBF9A766" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0A89D1DDF010424282FE61C44DF854" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Society Islands, French Polynesia</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0B095DDBDBADEB10CACEC2D45F69B637" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9C322261251287EDB4F07BB5DF8DF5DB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1A1288874DC728FA40BFF31E83106E00" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">External morphology: Body slightly sub quadrangular in cross-section, with firm and rough surface; wrinkles on mid-dorsal area. Dominantly dark brown and yellowish in colour, with sporadic whitish-brown patches (Fig. 6). Papillae scattered across dorsal surface with larger papillae along dorso- and ventro-lateral areas; base of papillae dark grey, apex white. Ring of small papillae surrounding oral opening. Tube feet restricted in three ambulacra areas, with mid ambulacrum being wider with more rows of tube feet but a gap of lesser tube feet density in middle area of mid ambulacrum. Cream-white background colour with patches of brown dots across ventral body. Twenty peltate tentacles. Anus terminal.</paragraph>
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<caption id="4A261F13598BB6A44EF9620F09562C24" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph id="7D542225D13DCFC9A1F2AF9B982F4A4D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 6.
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<taxonomicName id="140ED82370CA7766E16221E8F29AEED7" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus horrens" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="horrens">Stichopus horrens</taxonomicName>
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Selenka, 1867 (USM/MSL/PP001), dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="DF415D86F55A3E7A749FDE25E380D408" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Spicules: In dorsal body, numerous tables and C-shaped rods spicules. Tables in dorsal body with four central perforations, 9-21 peripheral holes around smooth-surfaced base; four pillars with moderate heights forming spires joined with one crossbeam, tip of spires with large spines (Figure 7
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<normalizedToken id="A84D8D0068B8CF28F63B9D49B9F59EDA" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). Spicules in dorsal papillae comprised of tack-liked tables, rods, C-shaped rods, and perforated plates (Fig. 7
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<normalizedToken id="E1C5E84BAB573F31A7ACBE834E1194AB" originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
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). Four pillars erected and fused at tips forming tall spire from middle of base (Fig. 7C). Large rods have rough surface and tiny spines on surface, especially at both ends; central perforations can be elaborate or simple (Fig. 7E). Perforated plates in papillae have jagged rims and 6-12 irregular holes; smaller in size than those of tube feet. Tube feet with large rods, multiperforated plates, and tables (Fig. 7
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<normalizedToken id="57E8A44CE4A916E32B16B70265A7A3BE" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
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). Large rods have central plate with perforations; rod surfaces rough and covered with spinelets (Fig. 7G). In tentacles, spicules consist of rods in different size and thickness (Fig. 7J). All rods have rough surface and spinelets; slight curves in larger rods while smaller appeared straight.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="37283D551669B7F1A855D6786FCD26E1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph id="84BBEE721CEA2B80BF51BF57C7F31D90" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 7. Spicules of
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<taxonomicName id="8DF2C9EEABA4D7009F998E5067B24368" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus horrens" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="horrens">Stichopus horrens</taxonomicName>
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Selenka, 1867 (USM/MSL/PP001). A tables from the dorsal body wall B C-shaped rods from the dorsal body wall C tack-liked tables from the dorsal papillae D perforated plates from the dorsal papillae E dorsal papillae rods from the dorsal papillae F C-shaped rods from the dorsal papillae G large rods from the tube feet H multiperforated plates from the tube feet I tables from the tube feet J Rods of different sizes from the tentacles.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="20A9D04DB439E785AA939537C66FB3AB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="EF811D12E28F4A8024A50CC16551F2B3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8FB2C55D95921109D952DBED7CCF1354" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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This species exhibits diverse body colours in specimens from different localities.
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<bibRefCitation id="A369874165F16F2D36A4D8534BFE3BF9" author="Clark, HL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="39 - 74" title="The holothurians of the genus Stichopus." volume="65" year="1922">Clark (1922)</bibRefCitation>
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noted specimens from the Hawaiian Islands were dark olive-green, mottled with deep brownish-green in colour, which were not seen in specimens from the Torres Strait.
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<bibRefCitation id="492D09B1549AABD2966372C94C7AAB5A" author="Domantay, JS" journalOrPublisher="The Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="109 - 131" title="Littoral holothurians from Zamboanga and vicinity." volume="82" year="1953">Domantay (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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remarked that the colour of this species changes with age. The species
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<taxonomicName id="3DF9B42CFE223CA0A6E38212259EB587" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus horrens" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="horrens">Stichopus horrens</taxonomicName>
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look very similar to
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<taxonomicName id="A2A127D674E08E355C92673143682378" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. but are readily distinguishable by the presence of tack-like spicules on the papillae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D634E09648D5FF2BF398285B8D2BAB54" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus horrens" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="horrens">Stichopus horrens</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the absence of fusiform spicules on the tentacles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A827AEE7207FC79A94E85DE3185480F" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus horrens" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="horrens">Stichopus horrens</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Detailed characters distinguishing these species are provided in the section describing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B043A4466E3CC6A5324E694F9253C328" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F0C6FD32BE0A35A5CE0D29B0E51152CF" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D7CD79EF344155CFF2E44729F9EE3A9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A9C4757C26D32937AB83662DBEDBBEE1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Society Islands, Galapagos, Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, South China Sea, Southern Japan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Australia, Hawaii to New Caledonia.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |