591 lines
48 KiB
XML
591 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2101" ID-PMC="PMC3254248" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-8-37" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFAFFFDE8663264EAC339275FF870933" ID-PubMed="22287929" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576104" ModsDocID="1314-2003-8-37" checkinTime="1451252076815" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tepe, Eric. J., Ridley, Glynis & Bohs, Lynn" docDate="2012" docId="A874B961396BBFC1940B74521C7C1402" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 8: 37-47" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 8" docPubDate="2012-01-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2101" docTitle="Solanum baretiae Tepe 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFAFFFDE8663264EAC339275FF870933" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FFAFFFDE8663264EAC339275FF870933" masterDocTitle="A new species of Solanum named for Jeanne Baret, an overlooked contributor to the history of botany" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1668142021106" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Solanum named for Jeanne Baret, an overlooked contributor to the history of botany</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tepe, Eric. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 614 Rieveschl Hall, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ridley, Glynis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of English, University of Louisville, 2211 South Brook, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bohs, Lynn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2012-01-03</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>8</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>37</mods:start>
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<mods:end>47</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2101</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2101</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-8-37</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFAFFFDE8663264EAC339275FF870933</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576104</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152027146" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A874B961396BBFC1940B74521C7C1402" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A874B961396BBFC1940B74521C7C1402" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName LSID="A874B961-396B-BFC1-940B-74521C7C1402" authority="Tepe" authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum baretiae" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae" status="sp. nov.">Solanum baretiae Tepe</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="38">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Solanum baretiae Tepe. A Habit of flowering branch B Flowering branch with close-up of pubescence C Pseudostipules with close-up of pubescence D Habit of vegetative branch E Flower and detail of stigma F Longitudinal section of flower G Calyx (left) and longitudinal section of calyx, showing ovary (right) H Stamens in ventral, dorsal, and side view with close-up of pubescence I Longitudinal section of ovary J Infructescence with immature fruits K Fruit, mature L Seeds. [A and J drawn from Tepe et al. 2888; B-D, F-I drawn from Tepe et al. 2886; E drawn from Tepe et al. 2885; K-L drawn from Bohs et al. 3735]." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9980" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Solanum baretiae Tepe. A Habit B Flower showing reflexed corolla and bud C Flower with flat corolla D Mature fruit E Immature fruit; note mottling, which is absent in the mature fruit. [A-B Tepe and McCarthy 3346; C Tepe et al. 2885; D Bohs et al. 3735; E Tepe et al. 2888]." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9981" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">-2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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Solano chimborazensi
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Bitter primo adspectu maxime similis sed floribus maioribus et pilis e filamentis abaxialiter plerumque carentibus differt.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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PERU: Cajamarca: Prov.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá">Contumaza</normalizedToken>
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, Bosque de Cachil, 2500 m, 28 Jun 1992 (fl),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sagástegui">Sagastegui</normalizedToken>
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A. et al. 14710
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</emphasis>
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(holotype: HUT [028009] (photo); isotypes: F [2114228] (photo), GB [0167885], NY [NY00726434]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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Vine, trailing along ground or climbing on other vegetation to 3 m or more, rooting at the nodes. Stems slender, woody, moderately to densely covered with crisped transparent to tawny pubescence of unbranched, eglandular, multicellular trichomes. Sympodial units plurifoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple to 7-pinnate, most commonly 3-5-pinnate, the blades 0.8-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-8 cm, chartaceous, moderately to densely pubescent adaxially and abaxially, sand punctate abaxially, the rachis densely pubescent, the margins entire to irregularly revolute resulting in somewhat undulate margins, the leaflets decreasing markedly in size toward the base of the leaf, the distal leaflet of the lowermost pair typically smaller than its match or completely absent; interjected leaflets absent; lateral leaflets 0.3-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.2-1.5 cm, ovate to elliptic, the bases
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="39" start="start">rounded</pageBreakToken>
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to truncate, oblique, the apices obtuse to acute, the petiolules nearly lacking to 2 mm long, moderately to densely pubescent; apical leaflet 1.2-8(-9.5)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.7-3(-4) cm, ovate to elliptic to oblong, the apex obtuse to acute to acuminate, the base obtuse to truncate to cordate, the petiolules nearly lacking to 7 mm long, moderately to densely pubescent; petioles 0.1-2.5(-4.5) cm, moderately to densely pubescent. Pseudostipules present at most nodes, one per node, 0.5-1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.4-0.8 cm, obliquely ovate to elliptic, sometimes lunate, the apices obtuse to acute, the bases sometimes strongly lobed, oblique. Inflorescence 1.5-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-3 cm, extra-axillary on main stems or terminal on short, axillary spur shoots, simple to sometimes once branched in the extra-axillary inflorescences, with 1-8 flowers (1-3 on spur shoots [mean= 1.9], 3-8 on main stems [mean = 4.6]), with all flowers apparently perfect, the axes densely pubescent; peduncle 0.5-1 cm long; rachis nearly lacking to 1.5 cm; pedicels 7-15 mm in flower, 10-20 mm in fruit, somewhat expanded distally in flower and fruit, spaced contiguously to 6 mm apart, articulated at the base. Spur shoots 0.5-3.5(-8) cm long, bracteate, with 2-8 bracts per shoot, the bracts similar in shape to the cauline leaves, simple to occasionally 3-5-pinnate, 1-15 mm long, with minute pseudostipules. Calyx 4-5 mm long, the tube 1-2.5 mm long, the lobes 2.5-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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ca. 1.5 mm, ovate-lanceolate to oblong, acute at tips, moderately pubescent, sand punctate; fruiting calyx slightly accrescent, the lobes 4-4.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-2 mm, ovate-lanceolate to oblong. Corolla 0.8-1.5 cm in diameter, 2-6 mm long, pentagonal, white to violet, sometimes with yellow at tips or along the midveins of lobes, flat to strongly reflexed at anthesis, the lobes 1.5-5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-5 mm, acute at apices, glabrous adaxially, moderately to densely pubescent abaxially along midvein of lobes, the trichomes becoming shorter toward the densely pubescent apices of the corolla lobes, the margins densely ciliate apically. Stamens equal, with filaments 0.5-1.5 mm long, nearly free to fused for about
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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their lengths, somewhat broadly flattened, nearly glabrous abaxially, densely pubescent adaxially and on margins; anthers 3-4.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-1.2 mm, oblong, incurved, connivent, yellow, the pores large, directed distally, opening into latrorse-introrse longitudinal slits with age. Ovary glabrous to sparsely pubescent; style 5-7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.1-0.2 mm, exceeding stamens by 1.5-5 mm, cylindrical, glabrous to papillose in lower
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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to sparsely pubescent with long trichomes in the middle or in the lower
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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; stigma capitate. Fruits 2-2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-2 cm, ellipsoidal, rounded to very slightly obtusely pointed at apex, green with darker mottled striping when immature, orange when mature, glabrous to sparsely pubescent when young. Seeds 3-4.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-4 mm, flattened, lenticular, rounded to teardrop-shaped, with a 0.2-1 mm wide wing around the margins, the thickened part of the seed 1.8-2.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-2 mm, rounded to reniform, light to medium brown, the surface smooth, the wing yellowish-tan to transparent near the margins, with radial striations.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9980" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Tepe.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
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Habit of flowering branch
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
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Flowering branch with close-up of pubescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">C</emphasis>
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Pseudostipules with close-up of pubescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">D</emphasis>
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Habit of vegetative branch
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
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Flower and detail of stigma
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">F</emphasis>
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Longitudinal section of flower
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">G</emphasis>
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Calyx (left) and longitudinal section of calyx, showing ovary (right)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">H</emphasis>
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Stamens in ventral, dorsal, and side view with close-up of pubescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">I</emphasis>
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Longitudinal section of ovary
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">J</emphasis>
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Infructescence with immature fruits
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">K</emphasis>
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Fruit, mature
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">L</emphasis>
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Seeds. [
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">J</emphasis>
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drawn from Tepe et al. 2888;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">B-D, F-I</emphasis>
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drawn from Tepe et al. 2886;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
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drawn from Tepe et al. 2885;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">K-L</emphasis>
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drawn from Bohs et al. 3735].
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9981" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Tepe.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
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Habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
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Flower showing reflexed corolla and bud
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">C</emphasis>
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Flower with flat corolla
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">D</emphasis>
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Mature fruit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
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Immature fruit; note mottling, which is absent in the mature fruit. [
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">A-B</emphasis>
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Tepe and McCarthy 3346;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">C</emphasis>
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Tepe et al. 2885;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">D</emphasis>
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Bohs et al. 3735;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
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Tepe et al. 2888].
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is apparently endemic to the Amotape-Huancabamba zone of southern Ecuador and northern Peru and grows in the understory of montane forests and disturbed roadside and pasture vegetation, 1900-3000 m in elevation. The areas where
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been collected are seasonally dry.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Flowering specimens have been collected from Jun-Aug and Oct; fruiting specimens have been collected in May-Jun.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="40" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is named in honor of the botanist Jeanne Baret, the first woman to circumnavigate the earth (see below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="preliminary conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
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According to the IUCN Red List Categories (
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN Standards and Petitions, Subcommittee" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" refId="B15" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions, Subcommittee, 2011. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 9.0. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Downloadable from http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf. [accessed 31 Oct 2011]." title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 9.0. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Downloadable from http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf. [accessed 31 Oct 2011]." year="2011">IUCN 2011</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is classified as Data Deficient (DD). Although
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs over a broad geographic range (> 60,000 km2), it has been collected at fewer than 10 localities (localities within a few kilometers of each other have been grouped for this assessment)
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="41" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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from a narrow elevational band within its range. The relatively small number of collections of this species suggests that it is rare in the habitats where it occurs. Furthermore, these localities are near expanding population centers and habitats in these areas are highly fragmented and degraded. Nevertheless,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be well suited to habitat change caused by human activities, since EJT and LB observed thriving populations along roadsides and among shrubs between the town of Guzmango (Dept. Cajamarca, Peru) and the cultivated and pasture lands that surround the town. Further data regarding the distribution and abundance of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are needed before we can make a more solid assessment of its conservation status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="specimens examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">ECUADOR. Loja:</emphasis>
|
||
15 km S of Yangana,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="25.43" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-4.4238334">4°25.43'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="8.78" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-79.14633">79°8.78'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2450 m, 31 Jul 2011 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">E.J. Tepe and M. McCarthy 3346</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, MU, NY, QCNE, UT); Gualel,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="43.5" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-3.725">3°43.5'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="23.0" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-79.38333">79°23.0'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2900 m, 10 Jun 1995 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">V. van den Eynden & E. Cueva 433</emphasis>
|
||
(NY).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">PERU. Cajamarca:</emphasis>
|
||
Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá">Contumaza</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Guzmango,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="23.12" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-7.3853335">7°23.12'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="53.73" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-78.8955">78°53.73'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2600 m, 6 Jun 2010 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">L. Bohs et al. 3735</emphasis>
|
||
(photos only); Prov. San Miguel, Miravalles Alto,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2600 m, 25 Aug 1991 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Solanum Llatas Quiroz 3021</emphasis>
|
||
(NY); Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá">Contumaza</normalizedToken>
|
||
, alrededores de Guzmango, 2600 m, 27 Jul 1973 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sagástegui">Sagastegui</normalizedToken>
|
||
A. 7711
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(HUT, NY); Prov. Cajamarca, Namora-Matra, 2600 m, 16 Aug 1973 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sagástegui">Sagastegui</normalizedToken>
|
||
A. 7751
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(NY); Prov. San Miguel, entre Calquis y Llapa, 2400 m, 13 May 1977,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sagástegui">Sagastegui</normalizedToken>
|
||
A. et al. 8863
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(HUT, MO, NY); Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá">Contumaza</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá-Ascabamba">Contumaza-Ascabamba</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2700 m, 12 Jun 1981 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sagástegui">Sagastegui</normalizedToken>
|
||
A. et al. 9991
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY); Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá">Contumaza</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Santiago, 2450 m, 13 Jun 1983 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sagástegui">Sagastegui</normalizedToken>
|
||
A. & S.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
|
||
10606
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, F, MO, NY); Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá">Contumaza</normalizedToken>
|
||
, entrada al Bosque Cachil, 2500 m, 29 Jul 1993 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sagástegui">Sagastegui</normalizedToken>
|
||
A. et al. 14982
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(HUT, MO, NY); Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá">Contumaza</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Bosque Cachil,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="24.38" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-7.4063334">7°24.38'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="46.88" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-78.781334">78°46.88'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2500 m, 17 Oct 2010 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">E.J. Tepe et al. 2882</emphasis>
|
||
(HAO, USM, UT); Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá">Contumaza</normalizedToken>
|
||
, ca. 5 km S of tunnel on
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá-Bosque">Contumaza-Bosque</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cachil road,, 2625 m, 17 Oct 2010 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">E.J. Tepe et al. 2884</emphasis>
|
||
(HAO, USM, UT); Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá">Contumaza</normalizedToken>
|
||
, ca. 5 km S of tunnel on
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá-Bosque">Contumaza-Bosque</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cachil road,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="24.33" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-7.4055">7°24.33'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="46.88" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-78.781334">78°46.88'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2625 m, 17 Oct 2010 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">E.J. Tepe et al. 2885</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, HAO, NY, PLAT, USM, UT); Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá">Contumaza</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá-Guzmango">Contumaza-Guzmango</normalizedToken>
|
||
road,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="22.62" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-7.377">7°22.62'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="53.63" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-78.89384">78°53.63'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2850 m, 18 Oct 2010 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">E.J. Tepe et al. 2886</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, HAO, NY, PLAT, USM, UT); Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Contumazá">Contumaza</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Guzmango,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="23.12" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-7.3853335">7°23.12'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="53.73" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-78.8955">78°53.73'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2600 m, 18 Oct 2010 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">E.J. Tepe et al. 2888</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, CINC, HAO, NY, USM, UT).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Lambayeque:</emphasis>
|
||
Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferreñafe">Ferrenafe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Bosque de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiñama">Chinama</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2300-2700 m, 15 Aug 1988 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">A. Cano 2125</emphasis>
|
||
(NY); Prov. Lambayeque, Abra la Porculla, road from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Olmos-Pucará">Olmos-Pucara</normalizedToken>
|
||
, km 45 E of Olmos, 1920 m, 13 Jul 1986 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">T. Plowman et al. 14284</emphasis>
|
||
(NY).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">La Libertad:</emphasis>
|
||
Prov. Otuzco: abajo de Shitahoura (oeste de Salpo), 3000 m, 11 Jun 1992 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Solanum Leiva & P. Leiva 582</emphasis>
|
||
(NY); Prov. Otuzco: alrededores de San
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andrés">Andres</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2560 m, 1 Jul 1992 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Solanum Leiva & J. Ullilen 646</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a striking species with its relatively large, pentagonal corollas in shades of violet, yellow, or white (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Solanum baretiae Tepe. A Habit B Flower showing reflexed corolla and bud C Flower with flat corolla D Mature fruit E Immature fruit; note mottling, which is absent in the mature fruit. [A-B Tepe and McCarthy 3346; C Tepe et al. 2885; D Bohs et al. 3735; E Tepe et al. 2888]." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9981" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), and its soft-pubescent leaves that range from simple to 7-foliolate. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been previously identified as the Ecuadorian
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chimborazense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Solanum chimborazense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bitter, from which it differs by its larger corollas (0.8-1.5 cm in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. <1 cm in diameter in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chimborazense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Solanum chimborazense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="42" start="start">styles</pageBreakToken>
|
||
that are papillose or only sparsely pubescent (vs. densely pubescent with long trichomes in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chimborazense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum chimborazense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), more flowers per inflorescence (1-8 in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. mostly 1, but up to 3 in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chimborazense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum chimborazense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and filaments that are pubescent adaxially, but glabrous abaxially (vs. evenly pubescent on all surfaces in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chimborazense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum chimborazense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sympatric with the exceedingly rare
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1919" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chachapoyasense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum chachapoyasense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bitter but the latter species has stellate corollas (vs. pentagonal in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), long filaments (3-3.5 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1919" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chachapoyasense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum chachapoyasense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. 0.5-1.5 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and strictly simple leaves (vs. simple to 7-foliolate in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also sympatric with several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
section
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Basarthrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Basarthrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bitter) Bitter, which can be scandent shrubs with compound leaves and somewhat similar flowers. These species, however, can easily be differentiated by the distinctive two-celled
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“bayonet”">"bayonet"</normalizedToken>
|
||
trichomes that characterize
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
section
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Basarthrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Basarthrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Seithe, A" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="229 - 256" publicationUrl="doi: 10.1007/BF00989327" refId="B26" refString="Seithe, A, Anderson, GJ, 1982. Hair morphology and the relationships of species in Solanum sect. Basarthrum. Plant Systematics and Evolution 139: 229 - 256, doi: 10.1007/BF00989327" title="Hair morphology and the relationships of species in Solanum sect. Basarthrum." url="doi: 10.1007/BF00989327" volume="139" year="1982">Seithe and Anderson 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
|
||
The Andean species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Anarrhichomenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Anarrhichomenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are typically found in mid- to high-elevation cloud forest habitats that are moist throughout the year.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be an exception to this rule, however, as it occurs in forests and disturbed areas on the western slopes of the Andes which, in the latitudes of the Huancabamba-Amotape zone, experience a marked dry season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
|
||
As mentioned above, the number of leaflets in this species is highly variable, with the leaves ranging from simple to compound with seven leaflets. Seedlings and young vegetative shoots typically have compound leaves with five leaflets, whereas the number of leaflets on fertile shoots is much more variable. In general, the number of leaflets, along with the size of the lateral leaflets, decreases along the length of fertile shoots, and the leaves in the proximity of the flowers and fruits are, in many cases, simple or have only one or two tiny lateral leaflets. The number of leaflets is variable in many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Anarrhichomenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Anarrhichomenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the range of variability seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baretiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum baretiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shared only with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sodiroi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Solanum sodiroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bitter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Anderson, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="233 - 242" refId="B6" refString="Anderson, GJ, Bernardello, G, Schlehofer, M, 1999. Continuous variation among three species of Solanum sect. Anarrhichomenum (Solanaceae): the synonymy of Solanum carchiense and Solanum tetrapetalum with Solanum sodiroi. Kurtziana 27: 233 - 242" title="Continuous variation among three species of Solanum sect. Anarrhichomenum (Solanaceae): the synonymy of Solanum carchiense and Solanum tetrapetalum with Solanum sodiroi." volume="27" year="1999">Anderson et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
|
||
This species in named in honor of Jeanne Baret (1740-1807), an unwitting explorer who risked life and limb for love of botany and, in doing so, became the first woman to circumnavigate the world (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ridley, G" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" refId="B25" refString="Ridley, G, 2010. The discovery of Jeanne Baret: a story of science, the high seas, and the first woman to circumnavigate the globe. Crown Publishers, New York, 1-288." title="The discovery of Jeanne Baret: a story of science, the high seas, and the first woman to circumnavigate the globe. Crown Publishers, New York, 1 - 288." year="2010">Ridley 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Jeanne Baret sailed on the ship
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="L’Étoile">L'Etoile</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in 1766 and embarked on the first French circumnavigation of the globe under the command of Louis Antoine de Bougainville (1729-1811) as assistant to the botanist Philibert Commerson (1727-1773). Since French naval regulations prohibited women being on board ship, Baret disguised herself as a man to join the expedition, and continued to wear
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="men’s">men's</normalizedToken>
|
||
clothes during her time on the ship. Baret was
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Commerson’s">Commerson's</normalizedToken>
|
||
lover, but was also an accomplished botanist in her own right and evidence suggests that she made some of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="expedition’s">expedition's</normalizedToken>
|
||
most notable collections, including the showiest, most enduring botanical specimen from the expedition: the vine that would be named in honor of its commander,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Bougainvillea</emphasis>
|
||
Comm. ex Juss.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Commerson and Baret (though uncredited) amassed over six thousand specimens that are incorporated into the French National Herbarium at the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
|
||
National
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
|
||
Naturelle
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. In the course of the expedition and the years after its successful completion, over seventy species would be named in honor of Commerson
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="43" start="start">using</pageBreakToken>
|
||
the specific epithet
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">commersonii</emphasis>
|
||
. Expedition records show that Commerson was frequently unable to collect specimens in the field because of his health issues (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vives, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" refId="B32" refString="Vives, F, 1766-1769. Journal of Francois Vives (Manuscript B). Bibliotheque municipale de Versailles, Lebaudy In-4˚ 126, 1-60." title="Journal of Francois Vives (Manuscript B). Bibliotheque municipale de Versailles, Lebaudy In- 4 ˚ 126, 1 - 60." year="1766 - 1769">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vivès">Vives</normalizedToken>
|
||
1766-1769
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and, at these times, Baret took the part of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="expedition’s">expedition's</normalizedToken>
|
||
chief botanist. Yet, today, despite the important role she played, not a single species is named after her.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Commerson’s">Commerson's</normalizedToken>
|
||
notes reveal that he intended to name a Malagasy genus
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Baretia" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Baretia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MS 887 of the Commerson archive in the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
|
||
National
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
|
||
Naturelle
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), but it was never published (the species concerned are now placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Meliaceae" genus="Turraea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rutales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Turraea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Meliaceae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">Meliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The fact that individual plants of this genus that Commerson collected with Baret have leaves that are highly variable in shape perhaps struck him as a neat reflection of the multi-faceted companion who united seemingly contradictory qualities (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Monnier, J" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" refId="B22" refString="Monnier, J, Jolinon, JC, Lavondes, A, Elouard, P, 1993. Philibert Commerson: Le Decouvreur de Bougainvillier. Association Saint-Guignefort, Chatillon-sur-Chalaronne, 105-113." title="Philibert Commerson: Le Decouvreur de Bougainvillier. Association Saint-Guignefort, Chatillon-sur-Chalaronne, 105 - 113." year="1993">Monnier et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): a woman dressed as a man, a female botanist in a male-dominated field, and a working class woman who had traveled farther than most aristocrats. Given the importance of her work and the singular nature of her achievements, Baret has clearly made a sufficient contribution to the field to deserve a species named after her. Following
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Commerson’s">Commerson's</normalizedToken>
|
||
example, we believe that this new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,with its highly variable leaves, is a fitting tribute to Baret.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |