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<document id="CDCF2236FF82DE071DD898760EEAB936" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4243.1.3SLASH10480" ID-CLB-Dataset="36285" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4243.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aafe6968-9cbf-438d-852c-fa253fe67d5a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="398705" ID-ZooBank="5507358B-7564-4D37-98B2-3141E474EF66" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1489481081918" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Molinari, Jesús, Bustos, Xiomar E., Burneo, Santiago F., Camacho, M. Alejandra, Moreno, S. Andrea &amp; Fermín, Gustavo" docDate="2017" docId="A7421F6EDA27E875FF51F8FD6E47F83D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4243.1.3SLASH10480.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4243 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sturnira adrianae subsp. adrianae Molinari, Bustos, Burneo, Camacho, Moreno &amp; Fermín, 2017, new subspecies" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="5B7B6716DA2FE879FFC6FFD16C5CFFA8" masterDocTitle="A new polytypic species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), from the Andean and coastal mountain systems of Venezuela and Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1698437922656" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="66AE2947D45D4242DE8F00A0D20F3B5D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E7BFD77CEBC2DF223EFA2613D9BFA7D7">
<mods:title id="A646537707021B5B7D524DD47DBA7AFA">A new polytypic species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), from the Andean and coastal mountain systems of Venezuela and Colombia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D0CC69E3D0A0F9EC61D59E530FD8F934" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F23EA8E47BE96D0FB9CB995422B2848D">
<mods:roleTerm id="886EC9C2178C884081DCCFCDE32596B0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="13DB3CEFD785ED9F52C39A3D8B142346">Molinari, Jesús</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="130E63A120C47BE333BE8B8E9E162394" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AFDD61962F71D3894E40678B52E27192">
<mods:roleTerm id="815F78BFC6AEC31B1EC0A16B46A7E601">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A97A8FEE773B0B9FA6AECA0C59ABE232">Bustos, Xiomar E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C138DCC1B05B3793D3EBE0D15ED30B73" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7B61A857FCDC7000CA472D461A04036E">
<mods:roleTerm id="A0FACDA3842A5497FBF02300E36555D9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0FB8DF5B25C5DCD605BED45027F9A951">Burneo, Santiago F.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AE73DAD44B8D31A414DBA3C4EA337E3E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E02BEC4DDDA33FF2332F379C57526C05">
<mods:roleTerm id="DA46108698FA7E4638842D9480BEDA0C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="66F04E9067B600384658B0BC4AC1A737">Camacho, M. Alejandra</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="08DEDC3A40FA7C54A4C6DE36AC2F0FE2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="29DCBE9983D659E18F0BD9186CFB6798">
<mods:roleTerm id="F9DA5F74B75A357AFE7888CAABBEE8F4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E8721FA318178C8ECAF0409494AAF36F">Moreno, S. Andrea</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2F0625AB61856916882EFA4BDE7A8C0F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B6008719D017F8315F836130D449DB3D">
<mods:roleTerm id="BBD272706F01EF6AC5BAA58CED76AF25">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="08B52EB062E885CC5559F49636E6BF78">Fermín, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="26519CBE090D8F2645727B9F1B5E8C6E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="06C5663970A5F901EDAA10A46AC03858" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="C2BC2C88EA688241883DF5B7DA64A828">
<mods:title id="9A8ADA2428A30772EB1AAFE29AD38CBC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="3276AF76B0362727415F957809A3B3DB">
<mods:date id="16ADC3BA29555302E6CE8AF0F840251B">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="EF9279D7750C9B3F670D60C27AD31C3A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="734FD8084ABDA3DD4ABD67E8B49DE790">4243</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="0DE9C8C987243BBECCC21DEAA1710E9D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="6D3D0A7D449BFF58CA4A44B16E28E9F8">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="9AA3FA934AAD49D3405D556A8C3D0300" unit="page">
<mods:start id="101F7845612978A87220014C4EDF2724">75</mods:start>
<mods:end id="4353D23099442F2762FC5E058A2C17A6">96</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="74B2114BAD8AD86BA8566F105F782420">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2D8CFB162F931FAFB6A0F85B1BADCB43" type="CLB-Dataset">36285</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BC04D3F858D77804B5CEE9D9CF44B288" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4243.1.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="28014229FA0B15D499923EFA115EE2C7" type="GBIF-Dataset">aafe6968-9cbf-438d-852c-fa253fe67d5a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="90B1B0A232D3EDC9B1DFE02F31F13CFC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9E2638E751CE65EA2891EFD9F92187AC" type="Zenodo-Dep">398705</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B72A69B27B3C670FE946EF60F42E4A9E" type="ZooBank">5507358B-7564-4D37-98B2-3141E474EF66</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A7421F6EDA27E875FF51F8FD6E47F83D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5619462" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127843915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5619462" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A7421F6EDA27E875FF51F8FD6E47F83D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7421F6EDA27E875FF51F8FD6E47F83D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
<subSubSection id="67F1FDF3DA27E871FF51F8FD6E50F822" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA27E871FF51F8FD6EF9F8EE" blockId="8.[151,677,1836,1862]" box="[151,677,1836,1862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
<heading id="741C1914DA27E871FF51F8FD6EF9F8EE" bold="true" box="[151,677,1836,1862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA27E871FF51F8FD6EF9F8EE" bold="true" box="[151,677,1836,1862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA27E871FF51F8FD6DBDF8EE" ID-CoL="5LC5X" box="[151,481,1836,1862]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adrianae" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="adrianae">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA27E871FF51F8FD6DBDF8EE" bold="true" box="[151,481,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Sturnira adrianae adrianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06ACCF11DA27E871FE2FF8FD6EF9F8EE" box="[489,677,1836,1862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" rank="subSpecies">new subspecies</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA27E871FF51F8A36E50F822" blockId="8.[151,580,1906,1967]" box="[151,524,1906,1931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Adriana’s Yellow-shouldered Bat</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67F1FDF3DA27E870FF51F8476D1CF9B5" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA27E870FF51F8476D1CF9B5" blockId="8.[151,580,1906,1967]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,1504,2033]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
Murciélago de Charreteras de Adriana
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA26E870FF51FA316D58FA51" bold="true" box="[151,260,1504,1529]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Holotype</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B7D0B2FDDA26E870FED2FA316D05FA51" box="[276,345,1504,1529]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1602,1624]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,265,1581]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of the crania, and lateral views of the mandibles of the holotypes. Left: Sturnira adrianae adrianae (male, CVULA 8570). Right: S. a. caripana (male, CVULA 8593)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398709/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). An adult male (CVULA 8570), consisting of cranium, mandibles, partial postcranial skeleton, and study skin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="7B94FEF0DA26E870FF51FB7A6D0EFA1E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398708/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" targetBox="[155,1431,198,1172]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA26E870FF51FB7A6D0EFA1E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1195,1462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA26E870FF51FB7A6D4BFB68" bold="true" box="[151,279,1195,1217]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Box-and-whisker plots summarizing the cranial and wing dimensions of
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA26E870FBE9FB7D694DFB69" box="[1071,1297,1195,1217]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oporaphilum">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA26E870FBE9FB7D694DFB69" box="[1071,1297,1195,1217]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Sturnira oporaphilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA26E870FAE4FB7D6CAFFB48" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adrianae" subSpecies="adrianae">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA26E870FAE4FB7D6CAFFB48" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">S. adrianae adrianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA26E870FEF2FB1B6D97FB48" box="[308,459,1226,1248]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adrianae" subSpecies="caripana">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA26E870FEF2FB1B6D97FB48" box="[308,459,1226,1248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">S. a. caripana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Plots A and B consider the single measurements most representative of cranial and wing dimensions. Plots C and D consider all measurements by displaying specimen scores in the two axes of a Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA). In this MDA, the first axis accounts for 82.3% and the second axis for 17.7% of the variance. Crosses and vertical lines within gray boxes represent, respectively, means and medians. Gray box widths span the interval between the 25th and 75th percentiles, containing the middle 50% of the data points. Horizontal lines, or “whiskers”, extend this interval to the 10th and 90th percentiles, containing 80% of the data points. At least nine data points are required to compute the 10th and 90th percentiles, hence no whiskers are plotted for
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA26E870FDB6FA536EA3FA30" box="[624,767,1410,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adrianae" subSpecies="caripana">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA26E870FDB6FA536EA3FA30" box="[624,767,1410,1432]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">S. a. caripana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Open circles represent potential outliers. Sample sizes indicated after taxon names.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="67F1FDF3DA26E873FF01F9F96D8EFF7D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA26E870FF01F9F96F57F9CC" blockId="9.[151,1437,1504,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<materialsCitation id="9F83A425DA26E870FF01F9F96968F9E9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1439650036" box="[199,1332,1576,1601]" country="Venezuela" location="Carretera Santo Domingo - Barinitas" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Barinas" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA26E870FF01F9F96D39F9E9" bold="true" box="[199,357,1576,1601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<typeStatus id="F05010DADA26E870FF01F9F96D5EF9E9" box="[199,258,1576,1601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="57FCEEE8DA26E870FEADF9F96DBDF9E9" box="[363,481,1576,1601]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, Estado
<collectingRegion id="ED2F609ADA26E870FDF9F9F96ECBF9E9" box="[575,663,1576,1601]" country="Venezuela" name="Barinas" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Barinas</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="2A34F8A3DA26E870FD64F9F8686BF9E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A7421F6EDA27E875FF51F8FD6E47F83D:2A34F8A3DA26E870FD64F9F8686BF9E9" box="[674,1079,1576,1601]" country="Venezuela" name="Carretera Santo Domingo - Barinitas" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" stateProvince="Barinas">Carretera Santo Domingo–Barinitas</location>
,
<quantity id="E813039DDA26E870FB84F9F86826F9E9" box="[1090,1146,1576,1601]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
frontera
<collectingRegion id="ED2F609ADA26E870FB26F9F96968F9E9" box="[1248,1332,1576,1601]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Mérida</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
–
<materialsCitation id="9F83A425DA26E870FA85F9F96F57F9CC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1439650040" country="Venezuela" elevation="1560" location="Barinas" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Barinas" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="ED2F609ADA26E870FA85F9F969C5F9E9" box="[1347,1433,1576,1601]" country="Venezuela" name="Barinas" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Barinas</collectingRegion>
: latitude, 8.865°; longitude, -70.593°; elevation,
<quantity id="E813039DDA26E870FD69F99D6F5BF9CC" box="[687,775,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1560.0">
<elevation id="A4C6494BDA26E870FD69F99D6F5BF9CC" box="[687,775,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1560.0">1560 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA26E870FF01F9A16D51F95D" blockId="9.[151,1437,1504,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA26E870FF01F9A16D1AF921" bold="true" box="[199,326,1648,1673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Paratypes.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="9F83A425DA26E870FE94F9A06D51F95D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1439650035" collectionCode="CVULA" country="Venezuela" elevation="930" location="Sector Cucuchica" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" specimenCode="CVULA 8770, CVULA 8586, CVULA 8585" specimenCount="930" stateProvince="Merida" typeStatus="paratype">
We designate as
<typeStatus id="F05010DADA26E870FDDBF9A06ED4F921" box="[541,648,1649,1673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
one female (
<specimenCode id="7F4D0603DA26E870FCECF9A06F8FF921" box="[810,979,1649,1673]" collectionCode="CVULA" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nzse-vzzt" name="Coleccion Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, La Hechicera, Universidad de los Andes" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<collectionCode id="49FA36BDDA26E870FCECF9A06FD0F921" box="[810,908,1649,1673]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nzse-vzzt" name="Coleccion Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, La Hechicera, Universidad de los Andes" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">CVULA</collectionCode>
8770
</specimenCode>
) from the
<typeStatus id="F05010DADA26E870FB9FF9A068D5F921" box="[1113,1161,1649,1673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus>
locality, and one male (
<specimenCode id="7F4D0603DA26E870FF58F9446D1FF905" box="[158,323,1684,1709]" collectionCode="CVULA" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nzse-vzzt" name="Coleccion Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, La Hechicera, Universidad de los Andes" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<collectionCode id="49FA36BDDA26E870FF58F9446D5CF905" box="[158,256,1685,1709]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nzse-vzzt" name="Coleccion Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, La Hechicera, Universidad de los Andes" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">CVULA</collectionCode>
8586
</specimenCode>
) and one female (
<specimenCode id="7F4D0603DA26E870FDD6F9446EEFF905" box="[528,691,1684,1709]" collectionCode="CVULA" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nzse-vzzt" name="Coleccion Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, La Hechicera, Universidad de los Andes" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<collectionCode id="49FA36BDDA26E870FDD6F9446E2EF905" box="[528,626,1685,1709]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nzse-vzzt" name="Coleccion Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, La Hechicera, Universidad de los Andes" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">CVULA</collectionCode>
8585
</specimenCode>
) from
<collectingCountry id="57FCEEE8DA26E870FCC4F9456F24F905" box="[770,888,1684,1709]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, Estado
<collectingRegion id="ED2F609ADA26E870FC1FF9456871F905" box="[985,1069,1684,1709]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Mérida</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="2A34F8A3DA26E870FBFFF944695EF905" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A7421F6EDA27E875FF51F8FD6E47F83D:2A34F8A3DA26E870FBFFF944695EF905" box="[1081,1282,1684,1709]" country="Venezuela" name="Sector Cucuchica" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" stateProvince="Merida">Sector Cucuchica</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="3EE6B75ADA26E870FAC8F9456C86F978" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<quantity id="E813039DDA26E870FAC8F9456902F905" box="[1294,1374,1684,1709]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" unit="km" value="5.8">5.8 km</quantity>
ENE Tovar
</locationDeviation>
, 8.337°, -71.701°,
<specimenCount id="39ED65F1DA26E870FE7AF9686E4CF978" box="[444,528,1721,1745]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" type="generic">
<quantity id="E813039DDA26E870FE7AF9686E50F978" box="[444,524,1721,1745]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="930.0">
<elevation id="A4C6494BDA26E870FE7AF9686E50F978" box="[444,524,1721,1745]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="930.0">930 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Prepared as the
<typeStatus id="F05010DADA26E870FD18F9696F18F979" box="[734,836,1720,1745]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. For all the specimens referred to the species, see Appendix.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA26E873FF01F8D16D8EFF7D" blockId="9.[151,1437,1504,2033]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA26E870FF01F8D16E33F8B1" bold="true" box="[199,623,1792,1817]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
Measurements of the
<typeStatus id="F05010DADA26E870FE0EF8D16DA7F8B1" box="[456,507,1792,1817]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
The linear measurements (mm) and body masses (g) of the
<typeStatus id="F05010DADA26E870FAD7F8D06913F8B1" box="[1297,1359,1793,1817]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">types</typeStatus>
, males first (
<collectionCode id="49FA36BDDA26E870FF14F8F46D68F895" box="[210,308,1829,1853]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nzse-vzzt" name="Coleccion Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, La Hechicera, Universidad de los Andes" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">CVULA</collectionCode>
8570, 8586, 8585, 8770), are: skull length, 24.7, 24.7, 23.7, 23.5; condyloincisive length, 23.1, 23.3, 22.3, 22.4; condylocanine length, 21.8, 22.1, 21.0, 21.4; postorbital breadth, 6.6, 6.5, 6.5, 6.5; braincase breadth, 11.1, 11.2, 10.8, 11.0; mastoid breadth, 12.9, 13.3, 12.8, 12.5; zygomatic breadth, 15.1, 14.8, 14.4, 14.3; maxillary toothrow length, 7.3, 7.4, 7.0, 6.9; M2-M2 breadth, 9.1, 8.8, 8.6, 8.2; dentary length, 16.7, 16.4, 15.4, 15.5; mandibular toothrow length, 8.2, 8.1, 7.9, 7.8; forearm length, 47.1, 47.0, 48.1, 44.8; third metacarpal length, 43.9, 43.2, 42.9, 40.6; fourth metacarpal length, 44.4, 43.8, 42.9, 41.0; fifth metacarpal length, 45.2, 45.2, 44.8, 40.9; total length, 76.0, 77.0, 73.0, 71.0; hind-foot length, 13.0, 16.0, 14.5, 12.0; ear length, 18.0, 18.0, 18.0, 18.0; body mass, 25.0, 29.0, 23.5, 20.5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="7B94FEF0DA25E873FF51F9936859F9DF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398709/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" targetBox="[151,1436,265,1581]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA25E873FF51F9936859F9DF" blockId="10.[151,1436,1602,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA25E873FF51F9936D4FF9FF" bold="true" box="[151,275,1602,1624]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of the crania, and lateral views of the mandibles of the holotypes. Left:
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA25E873FA8EF9926D08F9DF" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adrianae" subSpecies="adrianae">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA25E873FA8EF9926D08F9DF" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Sturnira adrianae adrianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male, CVULA 8570). Right:
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA25E873FD4DF9B36F46F9DF" box="[651,794,1634,1655]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adrianae" subSpecies="caripana">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA25E873FD4DF9B36F46F9DF" box="[651,794,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">S. a. caripana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male, CVULA 8593).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="67F1FDF3DA25E873FF01F9706F2AF8E1" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA25E873FF01F9706F2AF8E1" blockId="10.[151,1437,1697,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA25E873FF01F9706D1DF912" bold="true" box="[199,321,1697,1722]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Epaulettes (yellow shoulders) present. Lower molars with continuous lingual cusps. All four lower incisors well developed, bilobed. Upper middle incisor long, bilobed, pointed, strikingly protrudent, tip laterally diverging. Lower canine long, narrow. Upper premolars broad and long in labial view. Molars with no gaps between them. Zygomatic arch complete, not bowed outwards. Occiput low. Preorbital frontal ridges well developed. Foramen ovale touching the caudal pterygoid process.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67F1FDF3DA25E875FF01F8846D79FA68" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="description">
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA25E872FF01F8846FA8FC0D" blockId="10.[151,1437,1697,2010]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA25E873FF01F8846D05F8C6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1877,1902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Description.</emphasis>
Cranial and wing size medium-large for the genus, largest for the
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA25E873FBFDF88768B4F8C5" box="[1083,1256,1877,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oporaphilum">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA25E873FBFDF88768B4F8C5" box="[1083,1256,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">S. oporaphilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade (
<tableCitation id="62699BC3DA25E873FAF1F88469D1F8C6" box="[1335,1421,1877,1902]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[165,1401,238,1844]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements (mm) and body masses (g) of Sturnira oporaphilum, S. adrianae adrianae, and S. a. caripana. Descriptive statistics are: mean (minimum – maximum) standard deviation [sample size]." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7B94FEF0DA28E87EFF51FF49681EFF78" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" tableUuid="7B94FEF0DA28E87EFF51FF49681EFF78">Table 3</tableCitation>
). Males larger than females in cranial and wing size (
<figureCitation id="B7D0B2FDDA25E873FCC2F8A86F11F839" box="[772,845,1913,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1195,1217]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,198,1172]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1173]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Box-and-whisker plots summarizing the cranial and wing dimensions of Sturnira oporaphilum, S. adrianae adrianae, and S. a. caripana. Plots A and B consider the single measurements most representative of cranial and wing dimensions. Plots C and D consider all measurements by displaying specimen scores in the two axes of a Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA). In this MDA, the first axis accounts for 82.3 % and the second axis for 17.7 % of the variance. Crosses and vertical lines within gray boxes represent, respectively, means and medians. Gray box widths span the interval between the 25 th and 75 th percentiles, containing the middle 50 % of the data points. Horizontal lines, or “ whiskers ”, extend this interval to the 10 th and 90 th percentiles, containing 80 % of the data points. At least nine data points are required to compute the 10 th and 90 th percentiles, hence no whiskers are plotted for S. a. caripana. Open circles represent potential outliers. Sample sizes indicated after taxon names." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398708/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Pelage pale grayish-brown in overall coloration: exceptions involve tawny or ochraceous browns. Fur woolly,
<quantity id="E813039DDA25E873FC9FF84C6FE4F81D" box="[857,952,1949,1974]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
long between shoulders,
<quantity id="E813039DDA25E873FB1BF84C6961F81D" box="[1245,1341,1949,1974]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
long on chest. Forearm, femur, and tibia furred with short and thick hairs dorsally, with short and thin hairs ventrally. Foot sparsely furred dorsally with short and thin hairs. Interfemoral membrane sparsely furred with
<quantity id="E813039DDA24E872FB07FF466942FF07" box="[1217,1310,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
long hairs. Wing membranes grayish- to blackish-brown. Dorsal hairs with a blackish-brown basal band one-fourth to onethird their length, a pale-grayish medial band about half their length, and a grayish-brown terminal band one-sixth to one-fourth their length. Ventral hairs with a blackish-brown basal band about five-eighths their length, and a grayish-brown to pale grayish-brown terminal band about three-eighths their length. Epaulettes present. Third and fourth metacarpals of similar length. Upper middle incisor long, strikingly protrudent frontally, with two similarly broad lobes, abruptly tapering in lateral view, tip narrow and markedly diverging outwards in frontal view. Lower incisors numbering four, all well developed and bilobed. Upper canine long and robust in both sexes, moderately protrudent frontally. In lateral view, lower canine long and narrow: the posterior longitudinal ridge hidden by the shaft except for a small portion near the base of the tooth. Lower canines laterally divergent, with shafts slanted outwards. Upper toothrow relatively straight, gently arched inwards posteriorly. Upper premolars—especially the second—broad and long in labial view: labial edges highly developed. Lower molars with continuous lingual cusps: a vertical notch separating the metaconid and entoconid is absent. Adjacent upper and lower molars not separated by gaps, thus in contact with each other. Braincase broad, and markedly domed. Rostrum elongated, broad anteriorly thus providing space to accommodate broad-at-base incisors, canines, and premolars. Sagittal crest, and preorbital frontal ridges converging to it, well developed. Zygomatic arch complete, moderately open, relatively straight, converging obliquely to the rostrum. Occiput low with respect to zygomatic arches, much closer to the zygomatic plane than to its parallel epiparietal plane: the former is defined as the plane along the right and left zygomatic arches; the latter is defined as the plane, parallel to the zygomatic plane, at the level of the highest point of the saggital crest. Occiput usually rounded in dorsal and ventral views. Sphenorbital fissure elliptical. Foramen ovale subcircular, located at the base of the vertical wall (partly under this wall) of the caudal pterygoid process. Clinoid processes moderately developed, variable in size and shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA24E872FF01FC7E6E8EFBF0" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA24E872FF01FC7E6D3AFC60" bold="true" box="[199,358,943,968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Comparisons</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="62699BC3DA24E872FEB0FC7E6D8CFC60" box="[374,464,943,968]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[165,1401,238,1844]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements (mm) and body masses (g) of Sturnira oporaphilum, S. adrianae adrianae, and S. a. caripana. Descriptive statistics are: mean (minimum – maximum) standard deviation [sample size]." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7B94FEF0DA28E87EFF51FF49681EFF78" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" tableUuid="7B94FEF0DA28E87EFF51FF49681EFF78">Table 3</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="B7D0B2FDDA24E872FE26FC7E6E17FC60" box="[480,587,943,968]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1602,1624]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,265,1581]" captionTargetBox-1="[150,1436,975,1828]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,265,1581]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[150,1436,975,1828]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of the crania, and lateral views of the mandibles of the holotypes. Left: Sturnira adrianae adrianae (male, CVULA 8570). Right: S. a. caripana (male, CVULA 8593)." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. From top to bottom, frontal views of the upper incisors and canines, occlusal view of the upper dentition, and frontal view of the lower incisors and canines of: A) Sturnira adrianae adrianae (male, CVULA 7938); B) S. a. caripana (male, CVULA 8590); C) S. oporaphilum (male, QCAZ 2300); and D) S. ludovici (male, QCAZ 1644)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/398709/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/398710/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
). We compare species in phylogenetic order (
<bibRefCitation id="4B7AD389DA24E872FB98FC7E69CCFC60" author="Velazco" box="[1118,1424,943,968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Velazco, P. M. &amp; Patterson, B. D. (2013) Diversification of the yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae), in the New World tropics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 68, 683 - 698. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.04.016" type="journal article" year="2013">Velazco &amp; Patterson 2013</bibRefCitation>
), from more to less related to
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA24E872FE1FFC056E07FC44" box="[473,603,980,1004]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adrianae">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA24E872FE1FFC056E07FC44" box="[473,603,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">S. adrianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Within clades, we compare first with species more likely to be confused with
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA24E872FF17FC296D0FFBB8" box="[209,339,1016,1040]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adrianae">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA24E872FF17FC296D0FFBB8" box="[209,339,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">S. adrianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The characters of
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA24E872FDE9FC296E92FBB8" box="[559,718,1016,1040]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adrianae" subSpecies="adrianae">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA24E872FDE9FC296E92FBB8" box="[559,718,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">S. a. adrianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are followed by the characters (enclosed in parentheses) of the species with which it is being compared. For the
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA24E872FD21FBCD6FC5FB9C" box="[743,921,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oporaphilum">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA24E872FD21FBCD6FC5FB9C" box="[743,921,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">S. oporaphilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade, we use discretely varying characters defined and scored by
<bibRefCitation id="4B7AD389DA24E872FE52FBEE6E92FBF0" author="Velazco" box="[404,718,1087,1112]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Velazco, P. M. &amp; Patterson, B. D. (2014) Two new species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira Gray, 1842 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from Costa Rica, Panama and western Ecuador. ZooKeys, 402, 43 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 402.7228" type="journal article" year="2014">Velazco &amp; Patterson (2014)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA24E872FF01FBB56857FA4D" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA24E872FEADFBB56E40FBD4" box="[363,540,1124,1148]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oporaphilum">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA24E872FEADFBB56E40FBD4" box="[363,540,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">S. oporaphilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1) largest cranial and wing size of members of the
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA24E872FB64FBB56909FBD4" box="[1186,1365,1124,1148]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oporaphilum">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA24E872FB64FBB56909FBD4" box="[1186,1365,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">S. oporaphilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade (medium); 2) males larger than females in cranial and wing dimensions (similar-sized); 3) pelage pale grayishbrown (dark grayish brown, or dark brown); 4) epaulettes present (inconspicuous or absent); 5) upper canine long and robust, moderately protrudent frontally (shorter and weaker, not protrudent); 6) upper middle incisor long, strikingly protrudent, abruptly tapering in lateral view, tip narrow and markedly diverging outwards in frontal view (shorter, less protrudent, gently tapering, tip broad and moderately diverging outwards); 7) upper premolars broad and long in labial view: labial edges highly developed (narrower and shorter: labial edges moderately developed); 8) rostrum elongated (shorter); 9) in lateral view, lower canine long and needle-like: posterior longitudinal ridge hidden by the shaft (short: posterior longitudinal ridge visible in the background); 10) occiput low with respect to zygomatic arches (high: equidistant to the zygomatic and epiparietal planes); 11) sphenorbital fissure elliptical (subcircular); 11) clinoid processes moderately developed (weakly developed).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA24E872FF01FA3E6EA0F915" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA24E872FEA0FA216DBCF9A0" box="[358,480,1520,1544]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ludovici">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA24E872FEA0FA216DBCF9A0" box="[358,480,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">S. ludovici</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1) males larger than females in wing dimensions (similar); 2) dorsal pelage pale grayish-brown (brown); 3) ventral pelage grayish-brown or pale grayish-brown (dark brown); 4) upper middle incisor long, strikingly protrudent, abruptly tapering in lateral view, tip narrow and markedly diverging outwards in frontal view (shorter, less protrudent, gently tapering, tip broad and moderately diverging outwards); 5) upper canine protrudent frontally (not protrudent); 6) braincase broad, and markedly domed (narrower, moderately domed); 7) sphenorbital fissure elliptical (subcircular).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA24E872FF01F9166F47F8E5" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA24E872FE98F9196DACF948" box="[350,496,1736,1760]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burtonlimi">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA24E872FE98F9196DACF948" box="[350,496,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">S. burtonlimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1) largest cranial and wing size of members of the
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA24E872FBF7F9196882F948" box="[1073,1246,1736,1760]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oporaphilum">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA24E872FBF7F9196882F948" box="[1073,1246,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">S. oporaphilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade (smallest); 2) ventral pelage grayish-brown or pale grayish-brown (dark gray); 3) third and fourth metacarpals of similar length (fourth shorter); 4) upper middle incisor bilobed, tip markedly diverging (unilobed, tip moderately diverging); 5) sphenorbital fissure elliptical (subcircular).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA24E875FF01F8866EBDFF50" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA24E872FEA6F8896E58F8D8" box="[352,516,1880,1904]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hondurensis">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA24E872FEA6F8896E58F8D8" box="[352,516,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">S. hondurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1) largest cranial and wing size of members of the
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA24E872FB88F88968A7F8D8" box="[1102,1275,1880,1904]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oporaphilum">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA24E872FB88F88968A7F8D8" box="[1102,1275,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">S. oporaphilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade (small); 2) ventral fur with two color bands (one); 3) third and fourth metacarpals of similar length (fourth shorter); 4) upper middle incisor long, strikingly protrudent, bilobed, abruptly tapering in lateral view (shorter, not protrudent, unilobed, gently tapering); 5) upper canine long (shorter); 6) rostrum and palate broad (narrower); 7) in lateral view, lower canine long and needle-like: posterior longitudinal ridge hidden by the shaft (shorter: posterior longitudinal ridge visible in the background); 8) braincase broad (narrower); 9) sphenorbital fissure elliptical (subcircular); 10) clinoid processes present (absent).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA23E875FF01FED568ADFE05" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FE98FED56E0EFEB5" authority="Goodwin" authorityName="Goodwin" box="[350,594,260,285]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mordax">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FE98FED56D37FEB3" box="[350,363,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FEBFFED56D92FEB4" box="[377,462,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">mordax</emphasis>
(Goodwin)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FD4DFED56FACFEB4" authority="McCarthy et al." authorityName="McCarthy et al." box="[651,1008,260,285]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koopmanhilli">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FD4DFED56EC5FEB3" box="[651,665,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FD60FED56F66FEB4" box="[678,826,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">koopmanhilli</emphasis>
McCarthy
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FC7FFED46FACFEB4" box="[953,1008,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1) upper middle incisor bilobed, both lobes nearly equal in breadth, pointed, with a markedly diverging tip (weakly bilobed, inner lobe broader than outer, square- or round-tipped, moderately diverging tip); 2) upper premolars broad and long (narrower and shorter in
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FF73FEA16D3BFE20" box="[181,359,368,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koopmanhilli">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FF73FEA16C9FFE2F" box="[181,195,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FF15FEA16D3BFE20" box="[211,359,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">koopmanhilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 3) adjacent upper and lower molars not separated by gaps (separated in
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FB7FFEA16937FE20" box="[1209,1387,368,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koopmanhilli">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FB7FFEA1689BFE2F" box="[1209,1223,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FB11FEA16937FE20" box="[1239,1387,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">koopmanhilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 4) rostrum and palate broad (narrower); 5) braincase broad and domed (narrower, moderately domed).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA23E875FF01FE666EEFFD0F" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FEA6FE696E2DFE78" authority="Tschudi" authorityName="Tschudi" box="[352,625,439,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythromos">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FEA6FE696D32FE67" box="[352,366,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FEBBFE696DA7FE78" box="[381,507,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">erythromos</emphasis>
(Tschudi)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FDBAFE696F4DFE78" box="[636,785,440,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FDBAFE696ED6FE67" box="[636,650,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FD5FFE696F4DFE78" box="[665,785,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">bogotensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FC96FE6968AEFE78" authority="Sanchez-Hernandez et al." authorityName="Sanchez-Hernandez et al." box="[848,1266,439,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sorianoi">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FC96FE696F02FE67" box="[848,862,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FCAAFE696F95FE67" box="[876,969,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">sorianoi</emphasis>
Sánchez-Hernández
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FB7FFE6868AEFE78" box="[1209,1266,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1) cranial and wing size medium-large for the genus (medium to small. Mean body mass of Venezuelan specimens:
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FA41FE0D6D49FDB0" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythromos">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FA41FE0D69C9FE5B" box="[1415,1429,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FF51FDD16D49FDB0" box="[151,277,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">erythromos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="E813039DDA23E875FEE2FE2E6D32FDB0" box="[292,366,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.54" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" unit="g" value="15.4">15.4 g</quantity>
;
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FEBCFDD16E53FDB0" box="[378,527,512,536]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FEBCFDD16DD4FDBF" box="[378,392,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FE51FDD16E53FDB0" box="[407,527,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">bogotensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="E813039DDA23E875FDDBFDD16E3AFDB0" box="[541,614,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.88" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" unit="g" value="18.8">18.8 g</quantity>
); 2) upper middle incisor long, strikingly protrudent, bilobed, tip narrow in frontal view (short, not protrudent, unilobed or indistinctly bilobed, tip broad); 3) upper toothrow relatively straight (upper dentition horseshoe-shaped in occlusal view); 4) rostrum and palate elongated (much shorter); 5) zygomatic arch moderately open (wide open). The last four differences are also evident when comparing the often confused pair
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FEF3FD416DBEFD00" box="[309,482,656,680]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oporaphilum">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FEF3FD416DBEFD00" box="[309,482,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S. oporaphilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FDDEFD416EF0FD00" box="[536,684,656,680]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FDDEFD416EF0FD00" box="[536,684,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S. bogotensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA23E875FF01FD656FD0FC90" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FEA7FD656E18FD64" authority="de la Torre" authorityName="de la Torre" box="[353,580,692,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FEA7FD656D33FD63" box="[353,367,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FEBBFD656DE1FD64" box="[381,445,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">tildae</emphasis>
de la Torre
</taxonomicName>
: 1) upper middle incisor long, strikingly protrudent, bilobed, tip narrow and markedly diverging outwards in frontal view (short, not protrudent, weakly bilobed, tip broad and barely diverging); 2) lower incisors bilobed (faintly trilobed); 3) lower molars with continuous lingual cusps (metaconid and entoconid separated by a moderately developed vertical notch).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA23E875FF01FC9568F7FC28" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FEA2FC956E07FCF4" authority="de la Torre" authorityName="de la Torre" box="[356,603,836,861]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FEA2FC956D2EFCF3" box="[356,370,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FE44FC946D92FCF4" box="[386,462,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">magna</emphasis>
de la Torre
</taxonomicName>
: 1) cranial and wing size medium-large for the genus (large: mean body mass,
<quantity id="E813039DDA23E875FF1BFCB96D7AFC28" box="[221,294,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.31" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" unit="g" value="43.1">43.1 g</quantity>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4B7AD389DA23E875FEF4FCB66E67FC28" author="Tamsitt" box="[306,571,871,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" refString="Tamsitt, J. R. &amp; Hauser, C. (1985) Sturnira magna. Mammalian Species, 240, 1 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3503853" type="journal article" year="1985">Tamsitt &amp; Häuser 1985</bibRefCitation>
); 2) upper middle incisor narrow-tipped (broad-tipped).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA23E875FF01FC5D6EE6FC44" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FEA2FC5D6DE2FC0C" box="[356,446,908,932]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perla">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FEA2FC5D6D2EFC0B" box="[356,370,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FE45FC5D6DE2FC0C" box="[387,446,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">perla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jarrín-V. &amp; Kunz: 1) cranial and wing size medium-large for the genus (medium); 2) zygomatic arch moderately open, relatively straight, converging obliquely to the rostrum (wide open, markedly bowed outwards, not converging to the rostrum).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA23E875FF01FC266CBAFB08" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FE98FC296DE7FBB8" box="[350,443,1016,1040]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FE98FC296D30FBA7" box="[350,364,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FEBCFC296DE7FBB8" box="[378,443,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">lilium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FE0FFC296E98FBB8" authority="Goldman" authorityName="Goldman" box="[457,708,1015,1040]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FE0FFC296D8BFBA7" box="[457,471,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FE22FC296E0EFBB8" box="[484,594,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">parvidens</emphasis>
Goldman
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FD09FC296FEEFBA7" authority="de la Torre" authorityName="de la Torre" box="[719,946,1015,1040]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angeli">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FD09FC296E81FBA7" box="[719,733,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FD2DFC296F6DFBB8" box="[747,817,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">angeli</emphasis>
de la Torre
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FC7BFC296919FBB8" authority="de la Torre &amp; Schwartz" authorityName="de la Torre &amp; Schwartz" box="[957,1349,1015,1040]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paulsoni">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FC7BFC296F97FBA7" box="[957,971,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FC1EFC296864FBB8" box="[984,1080,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">paulsoni</emphasis>
de la Torre &amp; Schwartz
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FA96FC296C87FB9D" authority="Davis" authorityName="Davis" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FA96FC296902FBA7" box="[1360,1374,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FAADFC2969C0FBB8" box="[1387,1436,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">luisi</emphasis>
Davis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FF21FBCD6EE0FB9D" authority="Contreras Vega &amp; Cadena" authorityName="Contreras Vega &amp; Cadena" box="[231,700,1052,1077]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mistratensis">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FF21FBCD6DD7FB9C" box="[231,395,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S. mistratensis</emphasis>
Contreras Vega &amp; Cadena
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FD0EFBCD6842FB9C" authority="Velazco &amp; Patterson" authorityName="Velazco &amp; Patterson" box="[712,1054,1052,1077]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bakeri">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FD0EFBCD6E8AFB9B" box="[712,726,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FD23FBCD6F70FB9C" box="[741,812,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">bakeri</emphasis>
Velazco &amp; Patterson
</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FB9CFBCD6834FB9B" box="[1114,1128,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
. new species 3 (
<bibRefCitation id="4B7AD389DA23E875FAE5FBCD6D15FBF0" author="Velazco" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" refString="Velazco, P. M. &amp; Patterson, B. D. (2013) Diversification of the yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae), in the New World tropics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 68, 683 - 698. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.04.016" type="journal article" year="2013">Velazco &amp; Patterson 2013</bibRefCitation>
): 1) cranial and wing size medium-large for the genus (medium); 2) lower incisors bilobed (trilobed); 3) lower molars with continuous lingual cusps (metaconid and entoconid separated by a deep vertical notch).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA23E875FF01FB7D6F12FAA5" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FEADFB7D6F4AFB6D" authority="Peterson &amp; Tamsitt" authorityName="Peterson &amp; Tamsitt" box="[363,790,1196,1221]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratathomasi">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FEADFB7D6E7DFB6C" box="[363,545,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S. aratathomasi</emphasis>
Peterson &amp; Tamsitt
</taxonomicName>
: 1) cranial and wing size medium-large for the genus (largest: mean body mass,
<quantity id="E813039DDA23E875FE13FB1E6E7EFB40" box="[469,546,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.04" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" unit="g" value="50.4">50.4 g</quantity>
;
<collectingRegion id="ED2F609ADA23E875FDF5FB1E6ED6FB40" box="[563,650,1231,1256]" country="Uruguay" name="Soriano" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">Soriano</collectingRegion>
&amp; Molinari 1987); 2) lower molars with continuous lingual cusps (metaconid and entoconid separated by a deep vertical notch).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA23E875FF01FAC66D79FA68" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FEA7FAC96EC9FA98" authority="Gardner &amp; O'Neill" authorityName="Gardner &amp; O'Neill" box="[353,661,1303,1328]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FEA7FAC96D33FA87" box="[353,367,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FEB9FAC86DEBFA98" box="[383,439,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">nana</emphasis>
Gardner &amp; O'Neill
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FD14FAC96FEEFA98" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" box="[722,946,1303,1328]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Fampyriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FD14FAC96EBCFA87" box="[722,736,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FD29FAC96F64FA98" box="[751,824,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">bidens</emphasis>
(Thomas)
</taxonomicName>
: 1) cranial and wing size medium-large for the genus (medium to small; mean body mass of
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FD22FAED6F12FAFC" box="[740,846,1340,1364]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Fampyriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FD22FAED6F12FAFC" box="[740,846,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S. bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="E813039DDA23E875FCA7FAED6FF1FAFD" box="[865,941,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.76" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" unit="g" value="17.6">17.6 g</quantity>
, Molinari &amp;
<collectingRegion id="ED2F609ADA23E875FB8AFAED68FFFAFD" box="[1100,1187,1340,1365]" country="Uruguay" name="Soriano" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">Soriano</collectingRegion>
1987;
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FB3CFAED690EFAFC" box="[1274,1362,1340,1364]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FB3CFAED690EFAFC" box="[1274,1362,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
much smaller); 2) epaulettes present (absent); 3) All four lower incisors well developed (outer lower incisors absent or vestigial); 4) adjacent upper and lower molars not separated by gaps (separated); 5) zygomatic arch complete (often incomplete).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67F1FDF3DA23E875FF01FA1D6E8CF914" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA23E875FF01FA1D6E8CF914" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FF01FA1D6D05FA4D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1484,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B7D0B2FDDA23E875FEACFA1D6DF0FA4C" box="[362,428,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1410,1432]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,592,1386]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,589,1389]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Venezuela and neighboring Colombia showing the collection localities of specimens of Sturnira adrianae, new species. Solid circles correspond to S. a. adrianae. Solid triangles correspond to S. a. caripana. Abbreviations are: SA, Sierra de Aroa; SB, Sierra de Bobare; SC, Sistema Coriano; SL, Sierra de San Luis (part of SC); SM, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; 1, Táchira Depression; 2, Lara Depression; 3, Yaracuy Depression; 4, Unare Depression. For locality data, see Appendix." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398706/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Known from all the Andean and coastal mountain systems of
<collectingCountry id="57FCEEE8DA23E875FB4AFA1D695EFA4D" box="[1164,1282,1484,1509]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, except those east of the Unare Depression. Presumably, also distributed throughout the Cordillera Oriental in
<collectingCountry id="57FCEEE8DA23E875FB1FFA3E6910F9A0" box="[1241,1356,1519,1544]" name="Colombia" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">Colombia</collectingCountry>
: 1) our samples from the Venezuelan side of the Cordillera Oriental are from localities near or almost exactly on the border of both nations; 2) populations from the Venezuelan slope of the Sierra de Perijá and Cordillera Oriental are necessarily connected by populations occurring in mountains lying entirely in Colombian territory; 3)
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FACBF98D6947F9DB" box="[1293,1307,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
. “
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FAF3F98D69D3F9DC" box="[1333,1423,1628,1652]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ludovici">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FAF3F98D69D3F9DC" box="[1333,1423,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">ludovici</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” has been reported from the Colombian slope of the Sierra de Perijá (
<bibRefCitation id="4B7AD389DA23E875FC4BF9AE683CF930" author="Munoz-Saba" box="[909,1120,1663,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" refString="Munoz-Saba, Y. (2009) Fauna de mamiferos de la Serrania de Perija, Colombia. In: Rangel-Ch., J. O. (Ed.), Colombia Diversidad Biotica FIII. Media y Baja Montana de la Serrania de Perija. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota, pp. 475 - 488." type="book chapter" year="2009">Muñoz-Saba 2009</bibRefCitation>
), and eastern foothills of the Sierra
<collectingRegion id="ED2F609ADA23E875FF27F9756D6AF915" box="[225,310,1700,1725]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">Nevada</collectingRegion>
de Santa Marta (
<bibRefCitation id="4B7AD389DA23E875FE33F9756E9FF914" author="Hershkovitz" box="[501,707,1700,1725]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" refString="Hershkovitz, P. (1949) Mammals of northern Colombia, preliminary report no. 5: bats (Chiroptera). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 99, 429 - 454." type="journal article" year="1949">Hershkovitz 1949</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67F1FDF3DA23E875FF01F9166E47F83D" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="2F54AE78DA23E875FF01F9166E47F83D" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FF01F9166D12F948" bold="true" box="[199,334,1735,1760]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">Etymology.</emphasis>
The epithet
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FE22F9196E15F948" box="[484,585,1736,1760]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adrianae">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FE22F9196E15F948" box="[484,585,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">adrianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a feminine noun in the genitive case, is dedicated to the memory of the Colombian-Venezuelan bat biologist, Adriana Ruiz,
<date id="5B5588B8DA23E875FD38F93D6FDCF8AC" box="[766,896,1772,1796]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" value="1971" valueMax="2012">1971–2012</date>
. Adriana was a charismatic, imaginative, and dedicated colleague. She published 14 papers and book chapters. Owing to her untimely departure, much of her most valuable research was left unpublished. Adriana had a particularly keen interest in species of
<taxonomicName id="E8EBD5FBDA23E875FB22F8E5691CF8E3" box="[1252,1344,1844,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1D9F726ADA23E875FB22F8E5691CF8E3" box="[1252,1344,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">Sturnira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We are privileged to name after her a member of the genus wandering in the environments in which she so joyfully conducted much of her field work.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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