315 lines
33 KiB
XML
315 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="850AAD0E2311A0D3D3A8E31543E2DEB8">The Zoogeography of Marine Tardigrada</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="65F0B2FEFF12FF1DFF18FBF4FB12FBAC" box="[151,1261,1096,1121]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2D55E175FF12FF1DFF18FBF4FB12FBAC" blockId="140.[151,1437,1096,2017]" box="[151,1261,1096,1121]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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<heading id="761D5619FF12FF1DFF18FBF4FB12FBAC" bold="true" box="[151,1261,1096,1121]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF18FBF4FB12FBAC" bold="true" box="[151,1261,1096,1121]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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166.
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<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF12FF1DFF40FBF4FD85FBAC" ID-CoL="4PCDP" authority="Grimaldi" authorityName="Grimaldi" box="[207,634,1096,1121]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Stygarctidae" genus="Pseudostygarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF40FBF4FDFAFBAC" bold="true" box="[207,517,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Pseudostygarctus mirabilis</emphasis>
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Grimaldi
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</taxonomicName>
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de Zio, D’Addabbo Gallo & Morone
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<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF12FF1DFBB4FBF4FBA3FBAC" box="[1083,1116,1096,1121]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">De</collectingCountry>
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Lucia, 1998
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="65F0B2FEFF12FF1DFF40FBD0FC53FB48" box="[207,940,1132,1157]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2D55E175FF12FF1DFF40FBD0FC53FB48" blockId="140.[151,1437,1096,2017]" box="[207,940,1132,1157]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF12FF1DFF40FBD0FDFEFB48" box="[207,513,1132,1157]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Stygarctidae" genus="Pseudostygarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="mirabilis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF40FBD0FDFEFB48" box="[207,513,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Pseudostygarctus mirabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="04AD801CFF12FF1DFD87FBD1FD9FFB49" box="[520,608,1133,1156]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(Grimaldi de
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<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFD71FBD0FC5CFB48" author="Zio" box="[766,931,1132,1157]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="Bello, G. & Grimaldi de Zio, S. (1998) Phylogeny of the genera of the Stygarctidae and related families. (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 237, 171 - 183." type="journal article" year="1998">
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Zio
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFCA3FBD2FC9BFB48" box="[812,868,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
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1998
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="65F0B2FEFF12FF1DFF40FB2DFCC3F854" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2D55E175FF12FF1DFF40FB2DFD09FB64" blockId="140.[151,1437,1096,2017]" box="[207,758,1169,1194]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF12FF1DFF40FB2DFD09FB64" ID-CoL="4PCDP" authority="Sandulli et al. 1999" authorityName="Sandulli et al." authorityYear="1999" box="[207,758,1169,1194]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Stygarctidae" genus="Pseudostygarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF40FB2DFDFEFB67" box="[207,513,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Pseudostygarctus mirabilis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFD9FFB2DFD11FB64" author="Sandulli" box="[528,750,1169,1194]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="Sandulli, R., D'Addabbo, M. G., Morone de Lucia, M. R., D'Addabbo, R., Pietanza, R. & Grimaldi de Zio, S. (1999) Preliminary investigations on meiofauna of two caves in San Domino Island (Tremiti Archipelago). Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 6, 437 - 440." type="journal article" year="1999">
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Sandulli
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFDF9FB2EFD51FB67" box="[630,686,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
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1999
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2D55E175FF12FF1DFF40FB09FE1EFB3F" blockId="140.[151,1437,1096,2017]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF12FF1DFF40FB09FD8EFB03" ID-CoL="4PCDP" authority="Grimaldi" authorityName="Grimaldi" box="[207,625,1205,1230]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Stygarctidae" genus="Pseudostygarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF40FB09FDFCFB03" box="[207,515,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Pseudostygarctus mirabilis</emphasis>
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Grimaldi
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</taxonomicName>
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de
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<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFD11FB09FCAEFB03" author="Zio" box="[670,849,1205,1230]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="Bello, G. & Grimaldi de Zio, S. (1998) Phylogeny of the genera of the Stygarctidae and related families. (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 237, 171 - 183." type="journal article" year="1998">
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Zio
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFD41FB0AFCF6FB03" box="[718,777,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1998
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</bibRefCitation>
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(D’Addabbo
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<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFC7EFB09FB48FB03" author="Gallo" box="[1009,1207,1205,1230]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="D'Addabbo Gallo, M., Grimaldi de Zio, S. & Sanduli, R. (2001) Heterotardigrada of two submarine caves in S. Domino Island (Tremiti Islands) in the Mediterranean Sea with the description of two species of Stygarctidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 240, 361 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00043" type="journal article" year="2001">
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Gallo
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFBB7FB0AFB8CFB03" box="[1080,1139,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
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2001
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo
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<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFED4FB65FE26FB3F" author="Gallo" box="[347,473,1241,1266]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="D'Addabbo Gallo, M., Grimaldi de Zio, S. & Sanduli, R. (2001) Heterotardigrada of two submarine caves in S. Domino Island (Tremiti Islands) in the Mediterranean Sea with the description of two species of Stygarctidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 240, 361 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00043" type="journal article" year="2001">Gallo 2001</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2D55E175FF12FF1DFF40FB43FD1EFADA" blockId="140.[151,1437,1096,2017]" box="[207,737,1278,1303]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF40FB43FD1EFADA" bold="true" box="[207,737,1278,1303]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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||
<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF12FF1DFF40FB43FDD7FADA" authority="Tyrrhenian Sea" authorityName="Tyrrhenian Sea" box="[207,552,1278,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Terra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typica">
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF40FB43FEA3FADA" bold="true" box="[207,348,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Terra typica</emphasis>
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: Tyrrhenian Sea
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF12FF1DFDB8FB42FD8DFADA" box="[567,626,1278,1303]" name="Italy" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Italy</collectingCountry>
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, Europe)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2D55E175FF12FF1DFF18FA9EFECBFAF6" blockId="140.[151,1437,1096,2017]" box="[151,308,1314,1339]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF18FA9EFECBFAF6" bold="true" box="[151,308,1314,1339]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Adriatic Sea:</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2D55E175FF12FF1DFF18FAFDFDE7FA08" blockId="140.[151,1437,1096,2017]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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•
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF48FAFCFEF5FA94" bold="true" box="[199,266,1344,1369]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">42°06</emphasis>
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′
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFE9FFAFCFEDAFA94" bold="true" box="[272,293,1344,1369]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">N</emphasis>
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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;
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bsl: [FAO37]
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<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF12FF1DFD04FAFCFD40FA94" box="[651,703,1344,1369]" name="Italy" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Italy</collectingCountry>
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, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, southern area of San Domino
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<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF12FF1DFF48FAD8FEF1FAB0" box="[199,270,1380,1405]" name="Iceland" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Island</collectingCountry>
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, in the proximity of Punta Zio Cesare, submarine cave Grotta delle Viole, external cave’s entrance, coarse organogenic detritus.
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFD84FA34FD1FFA6C" bold="true" box="[523,736,1416,1441]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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D’Addabbo
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<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFD10FA34FD1FFA6C" box="[671,736,1416,1441]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="D'Addabbo Gallo, M., Grimaldi de Zio, S. & Sanduli, R. (2001) Heterotardigrada of two submarine caves in S. Domino Island (Tremiti Islands) in the Mediterranean Sea with the description of two species of Stygarctidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 240, 361 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00043" type="journal article">Gallo</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFD67FA35FCDDFA6C" box="[744,802,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFCA6FA34FE78FA08" bold="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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(2001), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo
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<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFA8EFA34FA69FA6C" author="Gallo" box="[1281,1430,1416,1441]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="D'Addabbo Gallo, M., Grimaldi de Zio, S. & Sanduli, R. (2001) Heterotardigrada of two submarine caves in S. Domino Island (Tremiti Islands) in the Mediterranean Sea with the description of two species of Stygarctidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 240, 361 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00043" type="journal article" year="2001">Gallo (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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, Grimaldi de
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<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFED0FA10FE78FA08" box="[351,391,1452,1477]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="Hansen, J. G., D'Addabbo Gallo, M. & Grimaldi De Zio, S. (2003) A comparison of morphological characters within the genus Rhomboarctus (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) with the description of two new species. Zoologischer Anzeiger, (242) 1, 83 - 96. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00089" type="journal article">Zio</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFE00FA11FE38FA08" box="[399,455,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFE41FA10FDE7FA08" bold="true" box="[462,536,1452,1477]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">(2003)</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2D55E175FF12FF1DFF18FA6DFD8EF998" blockId="140.[151,1437,1096,2017]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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•
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<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF12FF1DFF48FA6CFEDAFA24" box="[199,293,1488,1513]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" precision="925" value="42.1">
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<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF48FA6CFEF5FA24" bold="true" box="[199,266,1488,1513]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">42°06</emphasis>
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′
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFE9FFA6CFEDAFA24" bold="true" box="[272,293,1488,1513]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">N</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF12FF1DFEBBFA6CFE6AFA24" box="[308,405,1488,1513]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" precision="925" value="15.483334">15°29′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="EA124C90FF12FF1DFE2AFA6CFE2CFA24" box="[421,467,1488,1513]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
|
||
bsl: [FAO37]
|
||
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF12FF1DFD0DFA6CFD49FA24" box="[642,694,1488,1513]" name="Italy" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, southern area of San Domino
|
||
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF12FF1DFF48FA48FEF1F9C0" box="[199,270,1524,1549]" name="Iceland" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the proximity of Punta Zio Cesare, submarine cave Grotta delle Viole,
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFBF8FA49FB66F9C1" box="[1143,1177,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="EA124C90FF12FF1DFB2CFA49FB20F9C1" box="[1187,1247,1525,1549]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
from the cave’s entrance, coarse organogenic detritus.
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFDFCF9A4FCB9F9FC" bold="true" box="[627,838,1560,1585]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
|
||
D’Addabbo
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFC8AF9A4FCB9F9FC" box="[773,838,1560,1585]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="D'Addabbo Gallo, M., Grimaldi de Zio, S. & Sanduli, R. (2001) Heterotardigrada of two submarine caves in S. Domino Island (Tremiti Islands) in the Mediterranean Sea with the description of two species of Stygarctidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 240, 361 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00043" type="journal article">Gallo</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFCC2F9A5FC7AF9FC" box="[845,901,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFC04F9A4FE1FF998" bold="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
|
||
(2001), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFAD5F9A4FEEDF998" author="Gallo" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="D'Addabbo Gallo, M., Grimaldi de Zio, S. & Sanduli, R. (2001) Heterotardigrada of two submarine caves in S. Domino Island (Tremiti Islands) in the Mediterranean Sea with the description of two species of Stygarctidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 240, 361 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00043" type="journal article" year="2001">Gallo (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Grimaldi de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFE37F980FE1FF998" box="[440,480,1596,1621]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="Hansen, J. G., D'Addabbo Gallo, M. & Grimaldi De Zio, S. (2003) A comparison of morphological characters within the genus Rhomboarctus (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) with the description of two new species. Zoologischer Anzeiger, (242) 1, 83 - 96. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00089" type="journal article">Zio</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFE68F981FDDFF998" box="[487,544,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFDA9F980FD8EF998" bold="true" box="[550,625,1596,1621]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">(2003)</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF12FF1DFF18F9DDFE7FF928" blockId="140.[151,1437,1096,2017]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
|
||
•
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF48F9DCFD5DF9B4" bold="true" box="[199,674,1632,1657]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF12FF1DFF48F9DCFED8F9B4" box="[199,295,1632,1657]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" precision="925" value="42.1">42°06′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF12FF1DFEB9F9DCFE68F9B4" box="[310,407,1632,1657]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" precision="925" value="15.483334">15°29′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="EA124C90FF12FF1DFE2AF9DCFE02F9B4" box="[421,509,1632,1657]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 m</quantity>
|
||
bsl: [FAO37]
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF12FF1DFD24F9DCFD20F9B4" box="[683,735,1632,1657]" name="Italy" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Domino
|
||
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF12FF1DFA87F9DCFAB0F9B4" box="[1288,1359,1632,1657]" name="Iceland" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Punta Zio Cesare, cave Grotta delle Viole,
|
||
<quantity id="EA124C90FF12FF1DFDE1F939FD2EF951" box="[622,721,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.0">0–10 cm</quantity>
|
||
depth, 80% coarse organogenic sand, 3% silt and clay, (mean diameter =
|
||
<quantity id="EA124C90FF12FF1DFEC5F914FE3DF90C" box="[330,450,1704,1729]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="0.125">0.125 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFE58F914FD2DF90C" box="[471,722,1704,1729]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="Sandulli, R., D'Addabbo, M. G., Morone de Lucia, M. R., D'Addabbo, R., Pietanza, R. & Grimaldi de Zio, S. (1999) Preliminary investigations on meiofauna of two caves in San Domino Island (Tremiti Archipelago). Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 6, 437 - 440." type="journal article">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFE58F914FDC4F90C" bold="true" box="[471,571,1704,1729]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Sandulli</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFDCBF915FD81F90C" box="[580,638,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFD09F914FD2DF90C" bold="true" box="[646,722,1704,1729]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">(1999)</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFBEBF914FB05F90C" author="Gallo" box="[1124,1274,1704,1729]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="D'Addabbo Gallo, M., Grimaldi de Zio, S. & Sanduli, R. (2001) Heterotardigrada of two submarine caves in S. Domino Island (Tremiti Islands) in the Mediterranean Sea with the description of two species of Stygarctidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 240, 361 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00043" type="journal article" year="2001">Gallo (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Grimaldi de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFF48F970FE7FF928" box="[199,384,1740,1765]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="Hansen, J. G., D'Addabbo Gallo, M. & Grimaldi De Zio, S. (2003) A comparison of morphological characters within the genus Rhomboarctus (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) with the description of two new species. Zoologischer Anzeiger, (242) 1, 83 - 96. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00089" type="journal article">
|
||
Zio
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF79F972FED1F928" box="[246,302,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFEBAF970FE7FF928" bold="true" box="[309,384,1740,1765]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">(2003)</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF12FF1DFF18F94CFEA6F8C4" blockId="140.[151,1437,1096,2017]" box="[151,345,1776,1801]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF18F94CFEA6F8C4" bold="true" box="[151,345,1776,1801]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Tyrrhenian Sea:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF12FF1DFF18F8A9FB24F89C" blockId="140.[151,1437,1096,2017]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
|
||
•
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF48F8A8FEF5F8E0" bold="true" box="[199,266,1812,1837]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">38°36</emphasis>
|
||
′
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF12FF1DFE9FF8A8FEB2F8E0" box="[272,333,1812,1837]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" precision="925" value="0.0">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFE9FF8A8FED3F8E0" bold="true" box="[272,300,1812,1837]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">0 0</emphasis>
|
||
′′
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFEB7F8A8FEB2F8E0" bold="true" box="[312,333,1812,1837]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">N</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF12FF1DFED4F8A8FE17F8E0" box="[347,488,1812,1837]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" precision="15" value="14.916667">14°55′00′′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="EA124C90FF12FF1DFE7AF8A8FDD0F8E0" box="[501,559,1812,1837]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
|
||
bsl: [FAO37]
|
||
<typeStatus id="F2515FD7FF12FF1DFD57F8A8FCECF8E0" box="[728,787,1812,1837]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
Locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF12FF1DFC03F8A8FC3FF8E0" box="[908,960,1812,1837]" name="Italy" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sicily Region, Aeolian Islands, Secca del Capo coralligenous bank, subtidal zone, coarse coralligenous detritus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF12FF1DFC53F884FB24F89C" box="[988,1243,1848,1873]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="Bello, G. & Grimaldi de Zio, S. (1998) Phylogeny of the genera of the Stygarctidae and related families. (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 237, 171 - 183." type="journal article">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFC53F884FBB4F89C" bold="true" box="[988,1099,1848,1873]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Grimaldi</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFBDEF885FB75F89C" box="[1105,1162,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFB1FF884FB24F89C" bold="true" box="[1168,1243,1848,1873]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">(1998)</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF12FF1DFF18F8E0FB70F8B8" blockId="140.[151,1437,1096,2017]" box="[151,1167,1884,1909]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF18F8E0FD5EF8B8" bold="true" box="[151,673,1884,1909]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Record numbers (Sea/Ocean classification):</emphasis>
|
||
Adriatic Sea: 3, Tyrrhenian Sea: 1;
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFBBCF8E0FB70F8B8" bold="true" box="[1075,1167,1884,1909]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">total: 4.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF12FF1DFF18F83CFCC3F854" blockId="140.[151,1437,1096,2017]" box="[151,828,1920,1945]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF18F83CFDA3F854" bold="true" box="[151,604,1920,1945]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Record numbers (FAO classification):</emphasis>
|
||
FAO37: 4;
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFD6FF83CFCC3F854" bold="true" box="[736,828,1920,1945]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">total: 4.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="65F0B2FEFF12FF1CFF18F818FD60FE02" lastPageId="141" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF12FF1CFF18F818FD60FE02" blockId="140.[151,1437,1096,2017]" lastBlockId="141.[199,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="141" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFF18F818FEF2F870" bold="true" box="[151,269,1956,1981]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF12FF1DFED8F81AFE2FF870" box="[343,464,1958,1981]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Stygarctidae" genus="Parastygarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="rugosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF12FF1DFED8F81AFE2FF870" box="[343,464,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">P. rugosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below), this species is known only from a few very specific localities in the Mediterranean region (mostly marine caves), which may suggest that this species is troglobiotic. However, it has also been reported from the open sea at
|
||
<quantity id="EA124C90FF13FF1CFD3FFF24FD16FF62" box="[688,745,152,176]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
|
||
bsl. It is possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF13FF1CFC6DFF25FB9DFF7D" box="[994,1122,151,176]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Stygarctidae" genus="Pseudostygarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF13FF1CFC6DFF25FB9DFF7D" box="[994,1122,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">P. mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF13FF1CFB16FF25FAF2FF7D" box="[1177,1293,153,176]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Stygarctidae" genus="Parastygarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="rugosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF13FF1CFB16FF25FAF2FF7D" box="[1177,1293,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">P. rugosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are deep sea elements which have found refugia in marine caves. A hypothesis was proposed for other marine invertebrates (mostly crustaceans) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF13FF1CFE56FF5CFD62FF35" box="[473,669,223,248]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" refString="Hart, C. W. Jr., Manning, R. B. & Iliffe, T. M. (1985) The fauna of Atlantic marine caves: evidence of dispersal by sea floor spreading while maintaining ties to deep waters. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 98 (1), 288 - 292." type="journal article">
|
||
Hart
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF13FF1CFD9DFF5DFDB4FF35" box="[530,587,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1985)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of links between marine cave and deep water species in the form of crevices along which animals could travel and that caves could persist over time to contain old fauna elements and act as refugia. Villora-Moreno (1996) noted that marine cave environments could be similar to deep sea habitats and provide refugia for deep-sea tardigrades and he adopted this hypothesis to explain the discovery of a new genus,
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF13FF1CFEECFED3FE07FE45" box="[355,504,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF13FF1CFEECFED3FE0AFE45" box="[355,501,367,392]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Coronarctidae" genus="Trogloarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">Trogloarctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in a marine cave (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF13FF1CFD41FED3FCA3FE45" box="[718,860,367,392]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Coronarctidae" genus="Trogloarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF13FF1CFD41FED3FCA3FE45" box="[718,860,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Trogloarctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a member of the deep sea family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF13FF1CFB72FED3FA63FE45" box="[1277,1436,367,392]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Coronarctidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="family">Coronarctidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and shows many similarities to other deep sea species). These discussions could explain the rarity and distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF13FF1CFEE2FE05FE11FE1D" box="[365,494,439,464]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Stygarctidae" genus="Pseudostygarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF13FF1CFEE2FE05FE11FE1D" box="[365,494,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">P. mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF13FF1CFDABFE05FD66FE1D" box="[548,665,441,464]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Stygarctidae" genus="Parastygarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="rugosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF13FF1CFDABFE05FD66FE1D" box="[548,665,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">P. rugosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |