573 lines
72 KiB
XML
573 lines
72 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="32CF086684448F2FF6A93C4940DA7183">A new species of Bactrocera Macquart reared from Solanum khasianum Clarke in northern India and a new synonym</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E32757DE2A11D271846451E5D8C5A7C3">Singh, Maneesh Pal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3AD5E569098DBD5AAA362EF26012AC1F">Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="976B32E0A7725211589DBBD14FC343E6">Gupta, Divender</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B342A2E49F807E556C9D47E97F254F3A">Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A6B83C9129A5D18C5AF5BD76D41824D0">Hancock, David Lawrence</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="894D780CEA702AFB23017EB82B52CA8E">Sharma, Isha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1EEF84BE31E4E98F3ED7B73EE4D7C6F8">Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="34863EC7BE02168B37F800EF05526E00">Sharma, Prem Lal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6A95EF2033AA1A0E5070B96DC76C2321">Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="ACEDF54345DF33F626EE0C8358A0EE3A">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A52087A5FFB0FFDD95E3FB864D2994EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371508" ID-GBIF-Taxon="219645299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10371508" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A52087A5FFB0FFDD95E3FB864D2994EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A52087A5FFB0FFDD95E3FB864D2994EE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="535" pageId="3" pageNumber="529" scope_subGenus="Bactrocera">
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<heading id="767E81DFFFB0FFD795E3FB864E729258" bold="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="529" reason="1">
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<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB0FFD795E3FB864CA793A4" blockId="3.[151,993,1237,1299]" box="[151,993,1237,1264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="529">
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<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB0FFD795E3FB864CD393A4" ID-CoL="C2NDD" authority="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityName="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,917,1237,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bactrocera">
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<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB0FFD795E3FB864E5193BB" bold="true" box="[151,279,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="529">Bactrocera</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB0FFD79453FB864EE193BB" bold="true" box="[295,423,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="529">Bactrocera</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB0FFD794C3FB854D7E93BB" bold="true" box="[439,568,1237,1264]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="529">prabhakari</emphasis>
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Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="04CE57DAFFB0FFD796D6FB854CA793A4" box="[930,993,1237,1263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="65936538FFB0FFD795E3FBA94E729258" box="[151,308,1273,1299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="529" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB0FFD795E3FBA94E729258" blockId="3.[151,993,1237,1299]" box="[151,308,1273,1299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="529">
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(
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<figureCitation id="B5B22A36FFB0FFD795EBFBA94E6B9258" box="[159,301,1273,1299]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1912,1936]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1804,1828]" captionStartId-3="7.[152,255,1888,1912]" captionStartId-4="8.[152,255,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox-0="[201,1390,284,1880]" captionTargetBox-1="[175,1396,189,1920]" captionTargetBox-2="[397,1185,813,1780]" captionTargetBox-3="[415,1173,705,1863]" captionTargetBox-4="[237,1351,181,1747]" captionTargetId-0="figure-71@4.[196,1392,270,1886]" captionTargetId-1="figure-36@5.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetId-2="figure-345@6.[397,1191,813,1781]" captionTargetId-3="figure-255@7.[415,1173,704,1864]" captionTargetId-4="figure-20@8.[237,1351,181,1757]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock, sp. nov. (A–F), A: Head, B: Front of head, C: Thorax, D: Lateral view of thorax, E: Abdomen and F: Lateral view of abdomen." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock, sp. nov. (A–D), A: Wing, B: Aculeus, C: Spicules on eversible membrane and D: Tip of aculeus." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock, sp. nov.(A–F), A: Epandrium, B: Tip of surstylus, C: Glans (arrow indicating hexagonal patterns), D: Spines on lateral side of glans, E: glans and F: front view of glans." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Comparison between Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari and Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons. (A–D), A: Glans of B. prabhakari, B: Glans of B. latifrons, C: Aculeus of B. prabhakari, D: Aculeus of B. latifrons." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Comparison between Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari andBactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons. (A–F),A:junction of eversible membrane in B. prabhakari, B: junction of eversible membrane in B. latifrons, C: spicules on eversible membrane of B. prabhakari, D: spicules on eversible membrane of B.latifrons, E: spicules on eversible membrane of B. prabhakari under phase contrast, F: spicules on eversible membrane of B. latifrons under phase contrast." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259608" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259610" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259615" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259617" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259619" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10259608/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10259610/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10259615/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10259617/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10259619/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="529">Figures 1–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="65936538FFB0FFD295E3FA114C119092" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="532" pageId="3" pageNumber="529" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB0FFD795E3FA114BFC9283" blockId="3.[151,1437,1345,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB0FFD795E3FA114E4C9210" bold="true" box="[151,266,1345,1371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="529">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: A medium-sized (
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), reddish species with black scutum. Head with three pairs of frontal setae, elongate-oval facial spots, trilobed aculeus tip and preputium with light hexagonal pattern. It resembles
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<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB0FFD7906BFA364FBC92E8" authority="(Hendel)" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
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<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB0FFD7906BFA364ADA9234" box="[1311,1436,1381,1407]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="529">B. latifrons</emphasis>
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(Hendel)
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</taxonomicName>
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but can be differentiated by the narrow anepisternal stripe, narrow and elongate expansion of the apical portion of costal band, anterior lobe of aculeus tip and preputium with light hexagonal pattern.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB0FFD795B3FA814CB891EB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1345,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="529">
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Head: Face yellowish white, slightly light brown at antennal socket. Two medium-sized, elongate-oval black spots (
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long and
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wide) on face; female with an additional median small black spot in between the two larger spots but this character seems to be variable. Head slightly humped above and just below the antennae. Orbital area with median small black spot. Antennae
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long. Flagellum dorsolaterally dark, basal 20% of arista reddish, rest black. Gena pale yellowish golden with subgenal dark spot. Postocciput black. Well-spaced 3 pairs frontal setae, 1 pair orbital, 2 vertical (inner setae pale) and 1 genal seta.
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</paragraph>
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Thorax: Scutum dull black without shiny appearance. Postpronotal lobe yellow with slightly darker anterior margin. Yellow lateral postsutural vittae present (
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wide) and median vitta absent. Lateral postsutural vittae end just at intra-alar setae. Scutellum yellow and triangular with narrow black basal band. Yellow anepisternal stripe as wide as notopleuron, wider apically (
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), narrow basally (
|
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<quantity id="EA719B56FFB0FFD796FAF8454B409064" box="[910,1030,1813,1839]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.42" pageId="3" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="0.242">0.242 mm</quantity>
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), extending onto katepisternum as a small oval yellow spot. Katatergite and anatergite bright yellow except basal 25% dark black. Setae: 2 scapular (inner seta larger than outer and pale), 2 notopleural (anterior seta pale), 1 postsutural supra-alar (small), 1 prescutellar acrostichal, 1 intra-alar, 1 post-alar, 1 anepisternal and 1 pair scutellar (pale and apical). Wing (
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<quantity id="EA719B56FFB0FFD791CBF8D14A7290D0" box="[1215,1332,1921,1947]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.664" pageId="3" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="4.664">4.664 mm</quantity>
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) hyaline, narrow costal band extends beyond apex of R
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<subScript id="B10D34F6FFB0FFD797D7F8E74DFB908E" attach="left" box="[675,701,1975,1989]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="529">4+5</subScript>
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as a medium-sized and elongate expansion. Costal band weakly overlaps R
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<subScript id="B10D34F6FFB0FFD79464F88C4E6F90A1" attach="left" box="[272,297,2012,2026]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="529">2+3</subScript>
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as a light infuscation. Minute microtrichia in anteroapical corner of subcostal cell. Anal streak broad and reaching anal lobe in male but not in female although width of anal streak is very similar. Medium-developed anal lobe, slightly curved or sigmoid at outer margin. All femora pale yellow except for black spot on ventrolateral side. Hind and mid tibiae largely black and fore tibia pale yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB7FFD095E3F8284C8890FF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1912,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="530">
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<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB7FFD095E3F8284E5290DB" bold="true" box="[151,276,1912,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="530">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB7FFD0946FF8294CFB90DB" authority="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityName="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityYear="2023" box="[283,957,1912,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bactrocera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB7FFD0946FF8294ECB90DB" box="[283,397,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="530">Bactrocera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB7FFD094E8F8294D4890DB" box="[412,526,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="530">Bactrocera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB7FFD0976AF8284DD690DB" box="[542,656,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="530">prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="04CE57DAFFB7FFD096B3F8294B5F90DB" box="[967,1049,1913,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="530" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(A–F), A: Head, B: Front of head, C: Thorax, D: Lateral view of thorax, E: Abdomen and F: Lateral view of abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="79F6663BFFB6FFD195E3F8C74D8F909F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259610" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10259610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259610/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" startId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[175,1396,189,1920]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB6FFD195E3F8C74D8F909F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1943,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB6FFD195E3F8C74E5190E4" bold="true" box="[151,279,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB6FFD19455F8C84C9390FB" authority="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityName="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityYear="2023" box="[289,981,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bactrocera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB6FFD19455F8C84ED590E4" box="[289,403,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Bactrocera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB6FFD194D2F8C84D5E90E4" box="[422,536,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Bactrocera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB6FFD1975EF8C84DDA90FB" box="[554,668,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="04CE57DAFFB6FFD19696F8C84B7190E4" box="[994,1079,1944,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(A–D), A: Wing, B: Aculeus, C: Spicules on eversible membrane and D: Tip of aculeus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB5FFD295B3FFC74A4B962E" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
Abdomen: Abdomen oval to slightly petiolate. Tergite I,
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD2963DFFC74CFD97FA" box="[841,955,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.68" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="0.968">0.968 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD29145FFC64BE297FA" box="[1073,1188,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="0.506">0.506 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; tergite II,
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD29029FFC64F85979E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.562" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="1.562">1.562 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD29440FFEA4EE3979E" box="[308,421,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.72" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="0.572">0.572 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Tergite I black with base partially dark fulvous, black laterally. Tergite II fulvous with narrow black transverse band, mostly black laterally. Tergite III with broad black basal band, narrower at margins and small medial vitta extending towards tergite IV, black laterally. Tergites IV and V without black bands, tergite IV black anterolaterally and tergite V longer than others. Pecten present on tergite III in male. All sternites black except sternite II. Male sternite V with deep posterior concavity (
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD29604FE1B4CA2962E" box="[880,996,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.84" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="0.484">0.484 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at posterior margin).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB5FFD295B3FE3F4A4F9552" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
Female Genitalia: Oviscape dark black and
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD297DDFE3F4C5F96C2" box="[681,793,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.42" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="0.942">0.942 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Eversible membrane
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD2913CFE3F4BFF96C2" box="[1096,1209,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.496" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="1.496">1.496 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and with round to irregular-shaped spicules on distal membrane that appear to be of semicircular shape without any projections; however, higher magnification and tilting of slide reveals that each spicule bears 4–5 projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5B22A36FFB5FFD29061FEE74AD6969A" box="[1301,1424,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[175,1396,189,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-36@5.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock, sp. nov. (A–D), A: Wing, B: Aculeus, C: Spicules on eversible membrane and D: Tip of aculeus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259610/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aculeus (
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD29470FE8B4E3C96BE" box="[260,378,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.364" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="1.364">1.364 mm</quantity>
|
||
) trilobed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5B22A36FFB5FFD29487FE8B4D2B96BE" box="[499,621,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[175,1396,189,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-36@5.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock, sp. nov. (A–D), A: Wing, B: Aculeus, C: Spicules on eversible membrane and D: Tip of aculeus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259610/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Figure 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
); median lobe
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD2966CFE8B4CDC96BE" box="[792,922,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.64" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="0.0264">0.0264 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and dome-shaped. Aculeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5B22A36FFB5FFD2906AFE8B4AD296BE" box="[1310,1428,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[175,1396,189,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-36@5.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock, sp. nov. (A–D), A: Wing, B: Aculeus, C: Spicules on eversible membrane and D: Tip of aculeus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259610/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) grooved basally and base elevated (not flat), inwardly curved and difficult to place under a cover slip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB5FFD295B3FD734B89945E" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
Male Genitalia: Epandrium and proctiger equally high (
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD2965BFD734CD39576" box="[815,917,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and proctiger triangular in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5B22A36FFB5FFD2906DFD734AC99576" box="[1305,1423,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1804,1828]" captionTargetBox="[397,1185,813,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-345@6.[397,1191,813,1781]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock, sp. nov.(A–F), A: Epandrium, B: Tip of surstylus, C: Glans (arrow indicating hexagonal patterns), D: Spines on lateral side of glans, E: glans and F: front view of glans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259615/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral surstylus
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD29423FD174EFC952A" box="[343,442,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, anterior and posterior lobes of equal size (
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD296A5FD174B03952A" box="[977,1093,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="0.033">0.033 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5B22A36FFB5FFD2912EFD174B89952A" box="[1114,1231,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1804,1828]" captionTargetBox="[397,1185,813,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-345@6.[397,1191,813,1781]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock, sp. nov.(A–F), A: Epandrium, B: Tip of surstylus, C: Glans (arrow indicating hexagonal patterns), D: Spines on lateral side of glans, E: glans and F: front view of glans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259615/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Figure 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Medial surstylus
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD295E3FD3B4E4A95CE" box="[151,268,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="0.198">0.198 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with two dark and patterned prensisetae. Aedeagus
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD296D1FD3A4B4A95CE" box="[933,1036,618,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="2.15">2.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long excluding glans (
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD29062FD3B4AD695CE" box="[1302,1424,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.42" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="0.242">0.242 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Glans (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5B22A36FFB5FFD2959DFDDF4E1B95E2" box="[233,349,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1804,1828]" captionTargetBox="[397,1185,813,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-345@6.[397,1191,813,1781]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock, sp. nov.(A–F), A: Epandrium, B: Tip of surstylus, C: Glans (arrow indicating hexagonal patterns), D: Spines on lateral side of glans, E: glans and F: front view of glans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259615/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Figure 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
) bears sharp triangular-shaped spines laterally near preputium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5B22A36FFB5FFD29141FDDF4BE995E2" box="[1077,1199,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1804,1828]" captionTargetBox="[397,1185,813,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-345@6.[397,1191,813,1781]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock, sp. nov.(A–F), A: Epandrium, B: Tip of surstylus, C: Glans (arrow indicating hexagonal patterns), D: Spines on lateral side of glans, E: glans and F: front view of glans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259615/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Figure 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vesica (
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD2906AFDDF4AD295E2" box="[1310,1428,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="0.077">0.077 mm</quantity>
|
||
) shorter than subapical lobe (
|
||
<quantity id="EA719B56FFB5FFD294A2FDE34D799586" box="[470,575,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Subapical lobe capitate in shape. Preputium broad at base and opening but appears narrow in middle. Preputium with light hexagonal pattern and lacking spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5B22A36FFB5FFD29115FD874B9E95BA" box="[1121,1240,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1804,1828]" captionTargetBox="[397,1185,813,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-345@6.[397,1191,813,1781]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock, sp. nov.(A–F), A: Epandrium, B: Tip of surstylus, C: Glans (arrow indicating hexagonal patterns), D: Spines on lateral side of glans, E: glans and F: front view of glans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259615/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Figure 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vesica wrapped around the tip of glans and appears to have two separate openings at the tip of glans (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5B22A36FFB5FFD29124FDAB4B84945E" box="[1104,1218,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1804,1828]" captionTargetBox="[397,1185,813,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-345@6.[397,1191,813,1781]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock, sp. nov.(A–F), A: Epandrium, B: Tip of surstylus, C: Glans (arrow indicating hexagonal patterns), D: Spines on lateral side of glans, E: glans and F: front view of glans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259615/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Figure 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="79F6663BFFB5FFD295E3F85C4A049002" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10259615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259615/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" startId="6.[151,250,1804,1828]" targetBox="[397,1185,813,1780]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB5FFD295E3F85C4A049002" blockId="6.[151,1436,1804,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB5FFD295E3F85C4E57906E" bold="true" box="[151,273,1804,1829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB5FFD29461F85D4CE3906E" authority="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityName="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityYear="2023" box="[277,933,1805,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bactrocera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB5FFD29461F85D4EC1906F" box="[277,391,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Bactrocera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB5FFD294E0F85D4D40906F" box="[404,518,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Bactrocera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB5FFD29766F85D4DC2906E" box="[530,644,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="04CE57DAFFB5FFD296D9F85D4CBD906F" box="[941,1019,1805,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(A–F), A: Epandrium, B: Tip of surstylus, C: Glans (arrow indicating hexagonal patterns), D: Spines on lateral side of glans, E: glans and F: front view of glans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB5FFD295B3F8CB4C119092" blockId="6.[151,1436,1947,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
<typeStatus id="F2328811FFB5FFD295B3F8CB4E7E90FE" box="[199,312,1947,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:All
|
||
<typeStatus id="F2328811FFB5FFD2941EF8CB4E9390FE" box="[362,469,1947,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are similar to
|
||
<typeStatus id="F2328811FFB5FFD29707F8CB4D9D90FE" box="[627,731,1947,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and female
|
||
<typeStatus id="F2328811FFB5FFD29616F8CB4C8490FE" box="[866,962,1947,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
has similar median black spot between the two oval spots on face. A male
|
||
<typeStatus id="F2328811FFB5FFD29481F8EF4D139092" box="[501,597,1983,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
has slightly paler legs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="65936538FFB4FFD395B3FFC64D1596C3" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB4FFD395B3FFC64D1596C3" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD395B3FFC64E3997FB" bold="true" box="[199,383,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Type Material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9DE13CEEFFB4FFD394FFFFC64D5D979F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4462976306" collectingDate="2022-11-21" country="India" latitude="30.856667" location="Nauni" municipality="Solan" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="F2328811FFB4FFD394FFFFC64EB597FB" box="[395,499,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="3B8FFD3AFFB4FFD39774FFC74D5397FA" box="[512,533,151,177]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB4FFD3975CFFC64C4997FB" box="[552,783,150,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khasianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD3975CFFC64C4997FB" box="[552,783,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Solanum khasianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="559E7623FFB4FFD39656FFC64C3297FB" box="[802,884,150,176]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EF4DF851FFB4FFD396F0FFC64B1F97FB" box="[900,1113,150,176]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="CD52ACC9FFB4FFD3911DFFC64BEA97FB" box="[1129,1196,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Solan</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="28566068FFB4FFD391C8FFC64A4597FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A52087A5FFB0FFDD95E3FB864D2994EE:28566068FFB4FFD391C8FFC64A4597FB" box="[1212,1283,150,176]" country="India" latitude="30.856667" municipality="Solan" name="Nauni" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Nauni</location>
|
||
, 30°51’24”N 77°10’17”.
|
||
<date id="59371073FFB4FFD39457FFEA4EDB979F" box="[291,413,186,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" value="2022-11-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4973E99BFFB4FFD39457FFEA4EDB979F" box="[291,413,186,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" value="2022-11-21">21.xi.2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Maneesh
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9DE13CEEFFB4FFD3975AFFEB4DFF97B3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4462976307" collectingDate="2022-11-21" country="India" latitude="30.856667" location="Nauni" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="F2328811FFB4FFD3975AFFEB4DD9979E" box="[558,671,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="3B8FFD3AFFB4FFD397C6FFEA4DA3979E" box="[690,741,186,213]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB4FFD39788FFEA4CA1979F" box="[764,999,186,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khasianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD39788FFEA4CA1979F" box="[764,999,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Solanum khasianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="559E7623FFB4FFD3968AFFEA4B16979F" box="[1022,1104,186,212]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EF4DF851FFB4FFD39110FFEA4A7B979F" box="[1124,1341,186,212]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="28566068FFB4FFD39025FFEA4ADE979F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A52087A5FFB0FFDD95E3FB864D2994EE:28566068FFB4FFD39025FFEA4ADE979F" box="[1361,1432,186,212]" country="India" latitude="30.856667" name="Nauni" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Nauni</location>
|
||
, 30°51’24”N 77°10’17”.
|
||
<date id="59371073FFB4FFD394CBFF8E4D7F97B3" box="[447,569,222,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" value="2022-11-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4973E99BFFB4FFD394CBFF8E4D7F97B3" box="[447,569,222,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" value="2022-11-21">21.xi.2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Maneesh
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9DE13CEEFFB4FFD397CCFF8E4DD19657" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4462976304" collectingDate="2022-11-21" country="India" latitude="30.856667" location="Nauni" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="3B8FFD3AFFB4FFD397BAFF8E4DB297B3" box="[718,756,222,248]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB4FFD3967EFF8E4CB097B3" box="[778,1014,222,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khasianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD3967EFF8E4CB097B3" box="[778,1014,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Solanum khasianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, India,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EF4DF851FFB4FFD39115FF8E4A7A97B3" box="[1121,1340,222,248]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Nauni, 30°51’24”N 77°10’17”.
|
||
<date id="59371073FFB4FFD394DDFE524D659657" box="[425,547,258,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" value="2022-11-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4973E99BFFB4FFD394DDFE524D659657" box="[425,547,258,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" value="2022-11-21">21.xi.2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Maneesh
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9DE13CEEFFB4FFD397D5FE524B81960B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4462976302" country="India" county="High Altitude Regional Centre" location="Solan" municipality="Zoological Survey" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="F2328811FFB4FFD397D5FE524C4F9657" box="[673,777,258,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="3B8FFD3AFFB4FFD3964AFE524CF99656" box="[830,959,258,285]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">2 Paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="3B8FFD3AFFB4FFD396A5FE524B5F9657" box="[977,1049,258,284]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="3B8FFD3AFFB4FFD3913BFE524BE99657" box="[1103,1199,258,284]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
along with genitalia) in
|
||
<collectingCounty id="C4574E3FFFB4FFD395C1FE764D54960B" box="[181,530,294,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">High Altitude Regional Centre</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="CD52ACC9FFB4FFD3976AFE764DA8960B" box="[542,750,294,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Zoological Survey</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
of India,
|
||
<location id="28566068FFB4FFD3962BFE764CE4960B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A52087A5FFB0FFDD95E3FB864D2994EE:28566068FFB4FFD3962BFE764CE4960B" box="[863,930,294,320]" country="India" county="High Altitude Regional Centre" municipality="Zoological Survey" name="Solan" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Solan</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EF4DF851FFB4FFD396D9FE764B38960B" box="[941,1150,294,320]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="559E7623FFB4FFD391FEFE764B81960B" box="[1162,1223,294,320]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9DE13CEEFFB4FFD391A7FE774D0996C3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4462976305" collectorName="Entomology, Dr." country="India" location="Department of Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="F2328811FFB4FFD391A7FE774A73960A" box="[1235,1333,295,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="3B8FFD3AFFB4FFD3903CFE764AD2960B" box="[1352,1428,294,320]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
) retained by author,
|
||
<location id="28566068FFB4FFD3941BFE1B4DE2962F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A52087A5FFB0FFDD95E3FB864D2994EE:28566068FFB4FFD3941BFE1B4DE2962F" box="[367,676,330,357]" country="India" name="Department of Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
|
||
Department of
|
||
<collectorName id="807C5365FFB4FFD3976CFE1A4DE2962F" box="[536,676,330,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Entomology</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EF4DF851FFB4FFD39443FE3E4D4196C3" box="[311,519,366,392]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="559E7623FFB4FFD39766FE3E4D0996C3" box="[530,591,366,392]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="65936538FFB4FFD395B3FEC24A57969B" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB4FFD395B3FEC24A57969B" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD395B3FEC24E1496E7" bold="true" box="[199,338,402,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named after Prof. C.S. Prabhakar (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EF4DF851FFB4FFD396E3FEC24C9196E7" box="[919,983,402,428]" country="India" name="Bihar" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Bihar</collectingRegion>
|
||
Agriculture University, Sabour,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EF4DF851FFB4FFD3903AFEC24AD696E7" box="[1358,1424,402,428]" country="India" name="Bihar" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Bihar</collectingRegion>
|
||
), friend of the first author, for his encouragement to study tephritids and for his valuable help in his life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="65936538FFB4FFD395B3FE8A4BF59553" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB4FFD395B3FE8A4C6E96BF" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,681]" box="[199,808,474,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD395B3FE8A4E0896BF" bold="true" box="[199,334,474,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Host plant:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB4FFD39421FE8A4DCF96BF" authority="Clarke" authorityName="Clarke" box="[341,649,474,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khasianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD39421FE8A4D7196BF" box="[341,567,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Solanum khasianum</emphasis>
|
||
Clarke
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB4FFD397ECFE8A4C5B96BF" box="[664,797,474,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB4FFD395B3FEAE4BF59553" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,681]" box="[199,1203,510,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD395B3FEAE4ED79553" bold="true" box="[199,401,510,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Parapheromone:</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown; males are not attracted to both cue lure and methyl eugenol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="65936538FFB4FFDD95B3FD724D2994EE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="535" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB4FFD395B3FD724B2C95E3" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD395B3FD724E7B9577" bold="true" box="[199,317,546,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The described species resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB4FFD397B9FD734CFA9577" authority="(Hendel)" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[717,956,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD397B9FD734C089577" box="[717,846,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">B. latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
(Hendel)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but can be differentiated by presence of three pairs of frontal setae, elongated facial spots, narrow anepisternal stripe, narrower apical portion of costal band, curved base of aculeus, base of aculeus without flat flanges, dome-shaped anterior lobe of aculeus, narrow preputium, preputium with partial hexagonal pattern and spines on lateral side of glans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="79F6663BFFB4FFD395ECF8304B3B90D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259617" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10259617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259617/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" startId="7.[152,255,1888,1912]" targetBox="[415,1173,705,1863]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFB4FFD395ECF8304B3B90D7" blockId="7.[151,1436,1888,1948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD395ECF8304E519033" bold="true" box="[152,279,1888,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB4FFD3948CF8314C2E9033" authorityName="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityYear="2023" box="[504,872,1888,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari" subGenus="Bactrocera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD3948CF8314DAE9033" box="[504,744,1889,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Bactrocera (Bactrocera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD39782F8304C2E9033" box="[758,872,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB4FFD396E3F8314BAC9033" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[919,1258,1888,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons" subGenus="Bactrocera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD396E3F8314BC19033" box="[919,1159,1889,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Bactrocera (Bactrocera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD391E1F8304BAC9033" box="[1173,1258,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A–D), A: Glans of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB4FFD395C7F8D54E0790D7" authorityName="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityYear="2023" box="[179,321,1924,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD395C7F8D54E0790D7" box="[179,321,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">B. prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, B: Glans of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB4FFD394BDF8D54D7C90D7" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[457,570,1924,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD394BDF8D54D7C90D7" box="[457,570,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">B. latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, C: Aculeus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB4FFD397ACF8D54C2090D7" authorityName="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityYear="2023" box="[728,870,1924,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD397ACF8D54C2090D7" box="[728,870,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">B. prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, D: Aculeus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFB4FFD39172F8D54B3190D7" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1030,1143,1924,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFB4FFD39172F8D54B3190D7" box="[1030,1143,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">B. latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="79F6663BFFBBFFDC95ECF9A64B439032" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259619" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10259619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259619/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="534" startId="8.[152,255,1782,1806]" targetBox="[237,1351,181,1747]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFBBFFDC95ECF9A64B439032" blockId="8.[151,1437,1782,1914]" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBBFFDC95ECF9A64E509045" bold="true" box="[152,278,1782,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBBFFDC9486F9A74C199045" authorityName="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityYear="2023" box="[498,863,1782,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari" subGenus="Bactrocera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBBFFDC9486F9A74D259045" box="[498,611,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">Bactrocera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBBFFDC971BF9A74DA69045" box="[623,736,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">Bactrocera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBBFFDC9799F9A64C199045" box="[749,863,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBBFFDC96FFF9A74B9D9045" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[907,1243,1782,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons" subGenus="Bactrocera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBBFFDC96FFF9A74B3C9046" box="[907,1146,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">Bactrocera (Bactrocera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBBFFDC91F2F9A64B9D9045" box="[1158,1243,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A–F), A: junction of eversible membrane in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBBFFDC94D4F84B4D689079" authorityName="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityYear="2023" box="[416,558,1818,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBBFFDC94D4F84B4D689079" box="[416,558,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">B. prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, B: junction of eversible membrane in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBBFFDC96CFF84B4B6B9079" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[955,1069,1818,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBBFFDC96CFF84B4B6B9079" box="[955,1069,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">B. latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, C: spicules on eversible membrane of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBBFFDC95C7F86F4E07901D" authorityName="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityYear="2023" box="[179,321,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBBFFDC95C7F86F4E07901D" box="[179,321,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">B. prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, D: spicules on eversible membrane of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBBFFDC97A7F86E4C78901D" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[723,830,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBBFFDC97A7F86E4C78901D" box="[723,830,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">B.latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, E: spicules on eversible membrane of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBBFFDC91BAF86F4A1A901D" authorityName="Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock" authorityYear="2023" box="[1230,1372,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBBFFDC91BAF86F4A1A901D" box="[1230,1372,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">B. prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under phase contrast, F: spicules on eversible membrane of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBBFFDC97C2F8334C619031" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[694,807,1890,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBBFFDC97C2F8334C619031" box="[694,807,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">B. latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under phase contrast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFBAFFDD95B3FFC74B7D95E2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">
|
||
Samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD9421FFC74E9197FA" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[341,471,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD9421FFC74E9197FA" box="[341,471,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were reared from cherry tomato (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD9604FFC74BD197FA" box="[880,1175,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pimpinellifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD9604FFC74BD197FA" box="[880,1175,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">Solanum pimpinellifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the same area for comparison and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD9427FFEB4EB7979E" authority="Singh & Gupta & Hancock & Sharma & Sharma, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Gupta & Hancock & Sharma & Sharma" authorityYear="2023" box="[339,497,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD9427FFEB4EB7979E" box="[339,497,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="04CE57DAFFBAFFDD948EFFEB4D14979E" box="[506,594,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is very different. The tip of the aculeus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD9148FFEB4BFC979E" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1084,1210,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD9148FFEB4BFC979E" box="[1084,1210,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is acute and evenly tapered, not dome-like (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5B22A36FFBAFFDD94DDFF8F4D0297B2" box="[425,580,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[415,1173,705,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-255@7.[415,1173,704,1864]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison between Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari and Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons. (A–D), A: Glans of B. prabhakari, B: Glans of B. latifrons, C: Aculeus of B. prabhakari, D: Aculeus of B. latifrons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259617/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">Figure 4C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). It has been reported previously that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD968CFF8F4B3197B2" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1016,1143,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD968CFF8F4B3197B2" box="[1016,1143,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has semicircular spicules on eversible membrane without any projections (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="49184B42FFBAFFDD97CAFE534C909656" author="David, K. J. & Ramani, S." box="[702,982,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" pagination="101 - 146" refId="ref10352" refString="David, K. J. & Ramani, S. (2019) New species, redescriptions and phylogenetic revision of tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from India based on morphological characters. Zootaxa, 4551 (2), 101 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4551.2.1" type="journal article" year="2019">David and Ramani 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the spicules in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD91CBFE534A7A9656" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1215,1340,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD91CBFE534A7A9656" box="[1215,1340,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do have a spine and projections but, due to alignment, it is hard to see the denticles over the spicules. At the distal end of the eversible membrane of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD94BEFE1B4D0E962E" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[458,584,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD94BEFE1B4D0E962E" box="[458,584,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2–5 sharp projections or denticles are present, aligned at right angles to the tip of the spicule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5B22A36FFBAFFDD9417FE3F4EB796C2" box="[355,497,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,181,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[237,1351,181,1757]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparison between Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari andBactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons. (A–F),A:junction of eversible membrane in B. prabhakari, B: junction of eversible membrane in B. latifrons, C: spicules on eversible membrane of B. prabhakari, D: spicules on eversible membrane of B.latifrons, E: spicules on eversible membrane of B. prabhakari under phase contrast, F: spicules on eversible membrane of B. latifrons under phase contrast." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259619/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">Figure 5D,F</figureCitation>
|
||
), which are difficult to see without phase contrast. The spicules on the distal end of the eversible membrane are very similar in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD9709FEC34C5D96E6" authority="Singh & Gupta & Hancock & Sharma & Sharma, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Gupta & Hancock & Sharma & Sharma" authorityYear="2023" box="[637,795,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD9709FEC34C5D96E6" box="[637,795,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="04CE57DAFFBAFFDD9656FEC34C3E96E6" box="[802,888,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD96DAFEC34B6A96E6" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[942,1068,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD96DAFEC34B6A96E6" box="[942,1068,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the projections appear more elongated and separated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD94B8FEE74D0C969A" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[460,586,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD94B8FEE74D0C969A" box="[460,586,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while in the new species the projections appear to be joined to each other. However, we are not entirely sure about this difference because it is hard to clear it at higher magnification. The denticles on the semicircular spicules are a new observation that until now remained hidden. Base of aculeus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD90F0FEAF4FB39576" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD90F0FEAF4FB39576" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is lightly curved toward inner side but can be placed under cover slip easily and at the junction with the aculeus membrane the aculeus base has two flap-like flanges, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD96BCFD174B21952A" authority="Singh & Gupta & Hancock & Sharma & Sharma, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Gupta & Hancock & Sharma & Sharma" authorityYear="2023" box="[968,1127,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD96BCFD174B21952A" box="[968,1127,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="04CE57DAFFBAFFDD9104FD174B8F952A" box="[1136,1225,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
base of aculeus is strongly curved and elevated dorsally, making it hard to place under a cover slip. The new species also lacks basal flap-like flanges at the junction of eversible membrane and aculeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5B22A36FFBAFFDD96E2FDDF4B6995E2" box="[918,1071,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,181,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[237,1351,181,1757]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparison between Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari andBactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons. (A–F),A:junction of eversible membrane in B. prabhakari, B: junction of eversible membrane in B. latifrons, C: spicules on eversible membrane of B. prabhakari, D: spicules on eversible membrane of B.latifrons, E: spicules on eversible membrane of B. prabhakari under phase contrast, F: spicules on eversible membrane of B. latifrons under phase contrast." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259619/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">Figure 5A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D3636B3FFBAFFDD95B3FDE34D2994EE" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">
|
||
The preputium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD94E9FDE34D589586" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[413,542,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD94E9FDE34D589586" box="[413,542,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clear without any hexagonal patterns, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD911EFDE34A4D9586" authority="Singh & Gupta & Hancock & Sharma & Sharma, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Gupta & Hancock & Sharma & Sharma" authorityYear="2023" box="[1130,1291,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD911EFDE34A4D9586" box="[1130,1291,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="04CE57DAFFBAFFDD9062FDE34A369586" box="[1302,1392,691,717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
the preputium has hexagonal patterns at its base; these patterns are not prominent but can be recognized easily. This character differs from other species of subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD97C2FDAB4C75945F" box="[694,819,763,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Bactrocera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD97C2FDAB4C75945F" box="[694,819,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">Bactrocera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are not known to have these hexagonal patterns in the preputium. Preputial patterns are very common in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD9639FC4F4C929472" box="[845,980,799,825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="540" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zeugodacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD9639FC4F4C929472" box="[845,980,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">Zeugodacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of species and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD9189FC4F4ADA9472" authority="Singh & Gupta & Hancock & Sharma & Sharma, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Gupta & Hancock & Sharma & Sharma" authorityYear="2023" box="[1277,1436,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD9189FC4F4ADA9472" box="[1277,1436,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="04CE57DAFFBAFFDD95E3FC134FB79416" box="[151,241,835,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
preputial pattern appears very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD9652FC134BDD9416" authority="Mahmood" authorityName="Mahmood" authorityYear="1999" box="[806,1179,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zahadi" subGenus="Javadacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD9652FC134B5A9416" box="[806,1052,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B.(Javadacus) zahadi</emphasis>
|
||
Mahmood
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the pattern in the preputium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD945AFC374E8D94CA" authority="Singh & Gupta & Hancock & Sharma & Sharma, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Gupta & Hancock & Sharma & Sharma" authorityYear="2023" box="[302,459,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prabhakari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD945AFC374E8D94CA" box="[302,459,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">B. prabhakari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="04CE57DAFFBAFFDD94A5FC374D6194CA" box="[465,551,871,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="535" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is not well developed or only partial, suggesting either a vestigial ancestral link with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA894D30FFBAFFDD958DFCDB4EC694EE" box="[249,384,907,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="540" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zeugodacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFDEAA1FFBAFFDD958DFCDB4EC694EE" box="[249,384,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="535">Zeugodacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group or homoplasy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |