164 lines
17 KiB
XML
164 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="14C09835638D8DD897F72A4CA0C0D7ED" ID-CLB-Dataset="34769" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.108.768" ID-GBIF-Dataset="283587db-b3b0-4b45-9060-0d6c74a4559b" ID-PMC="PMC3119315" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-108-49" ID-PubMed="21852927" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-108-49" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 108" ModsDocTitle="Notes on the genus Ismarus Haliday (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) from China" checkinTime="1451250273262" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liu, Jing-xian, Chen, Hua-yan & Xu, Zai-fu" docDate="2011" docId="A16FAC8B2B956C27BFA71128D1DD1198" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 108: 49-60" docOrigin="ZooKeys 108" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.108.768" docTitle="Ismarus Haliday 1835" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFFFD528FFD18755FFECFFBC1E43FFA9" masterDocTitle="Notes on the genus Ismarus Haliday (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) from China" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1732784921871" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0FEBC4B3275C1CA9C292F7A6B1C48836">
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<mods:title id="3485A6A516BAED0881096D64345A6324">Notes on the genus Ismarus Haliday (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) from China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E24FF5C3DB4C4877DC1F24FD5206E507">Liu, Jing-xian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A531890D880FD2254C1B29D19D212E9F">Chen, Hua-yan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="94AC677F12C7621E895F452591339C6B">Xu, Zai-fu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E42C53EFCE7540D3C64C62447C1ACE67">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="54BE4AE065A78DFE3E4630BEEF019781">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7D8428C72E266BDF76A866E98DF59BCC">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0B039A9607A8372A300CCDC2870BEB05" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="73143A0B8CCCD54EC56E4BC70030ED89">108</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="16BCA9E3EDBB6BE1FD1BEBE68CDD0D83">49</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="A6F3378C9C473A7387C24B8FB7C037BC">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.108.768</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="5DB347D90FD35C2DAAEA139663795A77">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3854654C69B7CBE597CC7C84CED5B1EF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.108.768</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C7C9714F220E431B1346B05C746D0ABD" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-108-49</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="A16FAC8B2B956C27BFA71128D1DD1198" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152029775" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A16FAC8B2B956C27BFA71128D1DD1198" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A16FAC8B2B956C27BFA71128D1DD1198" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" scope_family="Diapriidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<subSubSection id="01663E478AC401AE2533FFDF69FA596B" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="062D5904D6D54A8A184E1FA2E2B66ABA" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="6342DFC84D6E2874CBC82995ECF37D1E" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Ismarus" authority="Haliday, 1835" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1835" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" rank="genus">Ismarus Haliday, 1835</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8AA7448B4CA6E6DBE58A50AD849AB6AA" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="449D80FEA1919FBB9996491062CD4442" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="D172AD1096BCA31FB5E0FD17A75CC8F6" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" rank="genus">Ismarus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="17BBE7A5648142898BF923C041F7DE63" author="Haliday, AH" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Magazine" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" pagination="458 - 468" title="Essay on parasitic Hymenoptera of the Ichneumones Adsciti." volume="2" year="1835">Haliday 1835</bibRefCitation>
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, Entomological Magazine 2: 467. Type:
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<taxonomicName id="07AFC86236CC3534D32BA4450A574176" genus="Cinetus" lsidName="Cinetus dorsiger" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="dorsiger">Cinetus dorsiger</taxonomicName>
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Haliday, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F338E3D22B1083602E3B394D7C6F618" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="4BDA5F2EE52E1CF755879167D464EFAF" genus="Entomia" lsidName="Entomia" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" rank="genus">Entomia</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="7B3263FD4D4B77CA60EC3B09DFA98D81" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
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1840, Nomenclator Entomologicus 2: 127. Type:
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<taxonomicName id="0FDE05E7202A72FB78CAF1EA61161B71" genus="Entomia" lsidName="Entomia campanulata" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="campanulata">Entomia campanulata</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="71E4870222DDA7C09BB03C9A709ECD6E" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
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, 1840, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0F09DAAA0A9FBA03306D60F91F30E993" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="688FC42CC901697F70792BECF4D4B23D" genus="Entomius" lsidName="Entomius" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" rank="genus">Entomius</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="82E17D8FE2CFDA54B3E69F0121009361" author="Haliday, AH" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" pagination="166 - 174" title="Notes on the peculiar form of the ovaries observed in a hymenopterous insect, constituting a new genus and species of the family Diapriidae. Natural History Review (Proc." volume="4" year="1857">Haliday 1857</bibRefCitation>
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, Nature History Review 4: 169. Emendation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E738E738A619FF594BEA34CB452A460" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="4476A212ABE69DD7EAAE0A4903819C7D" genus="Agonophorus" lsidName="Agonophorus" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken id="A6832A7EF8959630F51013FAE8894932" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" start="start">Agonophorus</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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Dahlbom 1858,
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<normalizedToken id="13923E42E58CC85D513D2487C373CBD0" originalValue="Öfversigt">Oefversigt</normalizedToken>
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af Kongliga Ventenskaps-Akadamiens
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<normalizedToken id="5CFD8EC7F46374343818B62EBA453F98" originalValue="Förhandlingar">Foerhandlingar</normalizedToken>
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14: 289. Synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation id="C43D7CE063142F0D5564FC99E78E7148" author="Dessart, P" journalOrPublisher="Records of South Australian Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" pagination="551 - 559" title="Corrections in the systematic position of certain taxa of the Chalcidoidea and Proctotrupoidea (s. l.), with notes on synonymy." volume="15" year="1967">Dessart (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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. Type:
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<taxonomicName id="0BE9D3E2C212AAC1DF3F9EE38C6A01D5" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus rugulosus" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="rugulosus">Ismarus rugulosus</taxonomicName>
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Foerster, designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EAF2E5168E16D0A082AF77EF95FCA1FC" author="Muesebeck, CFW" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" title="On the identity of Agonophorus Dahlbom (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae)." volume="74" year="1972">Muesebeck (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="436BF683EF81C311D61599A5C4200A91" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="7B81A13B91C3BFFC046D58BB5D63BE86" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Ismarus</taxonomicName>
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Haliday, 1835:
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<bibRefCitation id="8BD9AE0CF0C8087A250BC34FC163012F" author="Masner, L" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" pagination="1243 - 1266" title="A revision of the Ismarinae of the New World (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea, Diapriidae)." url="doi:10.4039/Ent1081243-11" volume="108" year="1976">Masner 1976</bibRefCitation>
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, Canadian Entomologist 108: 1251.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B1F3B93D15956CEE41D62D179CEA275F" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="AB708A6AF7183A6090E85E1894BBA050" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Ismarus</taxonomicName>
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Haliday, 1835:
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<bibRefCitation id="9F574D67F4328639A6AE31047C0E5367" author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 825" title="Catalog of Worlds Species of Proctotrupoidea, Exclusive of Platygastridae (Hymenoptera)." volume="51" year="1992">Johnson 1992</bibRefCitation>
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, Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 51: 259.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1A4919451BEF154CA574AE196BCC2FC8" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C2AB725E38F75B34AF6AEFA24F6E0ABF" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A9C3B47DD52C4F08201C5D06BCA129FB" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Body stout; body colour usually black, but brown in a few species. Head transverse in dorsal view, with sparse setae on face, frons and occiput; labrum exposed and sclerotized; mandible bidentate; palpal formula 4-3 or 5-3; antennae inserted low on face, close to clypeus; face with a distinct transverse carina below antennal sockets; antennal shelf not prominent; antenna of female 15-segmented, of male 14-segmented; modified male sex-segment is second flagellomere, rarely both first and second flagellomeres modified; eyes bare; occipital carina complete; pronotum dorsally and along anterior margin with long setae; mesoscutum convex, smooth; notauli reduced to anterior pits; humeral sulcus developed; anterior scutellar pit with a weak but distinct median longitudinal carina; scutellum posteriorly raised, with posterior margin truncate or round; metanotum crenulated, with median carina distinct; propodeum with distinct transverse and longitudinal carinae; metapleuron reticulate rugose, with dense setosity; fore wing with radial cell closed; fore tibia with regular spur and one false spur, hind tibia strongly incrassate; petiole short and transverse; base of second tergite with longitudinal furrows; sutures between tergites distinct or absent; sternite with fine setae.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5EC89219AA841260525B096B2A9316A2" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="biology">
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<paragraph id="28EA15A03611A7B4F79F42ECDDF79632" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D49D1DC6241350645D89F691EBEE63F" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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Some species of the genus are hyperparasitoids of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera).
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<taxonomicName id="85E32E677D508FE780B613E58C8497F9" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus flavicornis" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="flavicornis">Ismarus flavicornis</taxonomicName>
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(Thomson, 1859) was reared from
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<taxonomicName id="0E77FD33F0ED0FCEA367E378A6AEA894" genus="Anteon" lsidName="Anteon flavicorne" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="flavicorne">Anteon flavicorne</taxonomicName>
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(Dalman, 1818),
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<taxonomicName id="EC57C62C7016E3C12FC272D9DD42B378" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus halidayi" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="halidayi">Ismarus halidayi</taxonomicName>
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was reared from an
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<taxonomicName id="D63575E89025685967EC4D78BF6B5B4A" genus="Anteon" lsidName="Anteon" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Anteon</taxonomicName>
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sp. and
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<taxonomicName id="60DB5C6B02133B0D7771E9311CBA46CB" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus dorsiger" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="dorsiger">Ismarus dorsiger</taxonomicName>
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was recorded to attack an
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<taxonomicName id="55E3A903E0EF07DF50CCF58C2E124E88" genus="Aphelopus" lsidName="Aphelopus" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Aphelopus</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<bibRefCitation id="5959D035CA874E53446A43971B4EB85E" author="Chambers, VH" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" pagination="114 - 115" title="Some hosts of Anteon spp. (Hym. Dryinidae) and a hyperparasite Ismarus (Hymenoptera. Belytidae)." volume="91" year="1955">Chambers 1955</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="835288BFB7459AC3961B9351729C9DD5" author="Chambers, VH" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" title="A host for Ismarus halidayi Foerst (Hym, Diapriidae)." volume="117" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="D27E4CAEC647F0FA95F9D3AB6682DA48" author="Nixon, GEL" journalOrPublisher="Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 107" title="Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea, Diapriidae subfamily Belytinae." volume="8" year="1957">Nixon 1957</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="9CA58B87729D653201C4A21BE7A91DED" author="Jervis, MA" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Gazette" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" pagination="127 - 129" title="Parasitism of Aphelopus species (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) by Ismarus dorsiger (Curtis) (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae)." volume="30" year="1979">Jervis 1979</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6220FA85E6CC205BB3B416C2EF4702A2" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="A941AFED63744CBBE3B82A2B8F4D3F9E" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C6ACF670EE3AA7E0802D419A9D4258E4" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Palaearctic, Oriental, Ethiopian, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australian regions.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B7B205A7BDD8B6E8630FAEEE0CD5679F" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="738C0CA3186CDA1B6893311B4F1CD83C" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="589B3B8998F2BCDAAC3BC2334B943B6C" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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<bibRefCitation id="9A92B94E10FBDEE271614009C7C786EA" author="Masner, L" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" pagination="1243 - 1266" title="A revision of the Ismarinae of the New World (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea, Diapriidae)." url="doi:10.4039/Ent1081243-11" volume="108" year="1976">Masner (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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divided
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<taxonomicName id="D69AB27B7B9033E27C2EBC6552AE6321" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Ismarus</taxonomicName>
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into four species groups:
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<taxonomicName id="3264EE12B64C1668E00A81C808C8629B" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus rugulosus" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="rugulosus">Ismarus rugulosus</taxonomicName>
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-,
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<taxonomicName id="AB369579F5AF0B1B888219C9C5DF4050" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus halidayi" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="halidayi">Ismarus halidayi</taxonomicName>
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-,
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<taxonomicName id="79E51C8229981155019DE20A998481C0" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus rex" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="rex">Ismarus rex</taxonomicName>
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- and
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<taxonomicName id="B0C87687C7047E0344A7FCB4934519E1" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus dorsiger" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="dorsiger">Ismarus dorsiger</taxonomicName>
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-groups. The species of the present study belong to the
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<taxonomicName id="789D0595ABF49DE48E72A9943B89E9E9" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus halidayi" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="halidayi">Ismarus halidayi</taxonomicName>
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- and
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<taxonomicName id="9164F0B0128A9C17840A54C64E2F3CE5" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus dorsiger" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="dorsiger">Ismarus dorsiger</taxonomicName>
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-groups. Compared to the diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="FC27CE26C85E69FD2AD8E7F28BD79B23" genus="Ismarus" lsidName="Ismarus" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Ismarus</taxonomicName>
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given by
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<bibRefCitation id="F2C3CEFC1F04A56E79412B24B6E19275" author="Masner, L" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" pagination="1243 - 1266" title="A revision of the Ismarinae of the New World (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea, Diapriidae)." url="doi:10.4039/Ent1081243-11" volume="108" year="1976">Masner (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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, we found that all species from China have the labrum exposed and possess a transverse carina on the lower face just below the antennal sockets.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |