212 lines
30 KiB
XML
212 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="134B076F0804BFC21104EE7113D9DA07" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.604.9049" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d176577a-02e1-44a1-8758-6536c2641fbb" ID-PMC="PMC4978020" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-604-49" ID-PubMed="27551207" ID-ZooBank="28522BEE2F2A4E8BA0B35FB901671E85" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-604-49" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 604" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the genus Pseudoechthistatus Pic (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Lamiini)" checkinTime="1468276141720" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bi, Wen-Xuan & Lin, Mei-Ying" docDate="2016" docId="9FEF4C1068ABF606904597F4EBB2C81D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 604: 49-85" docOrigin="ZooKeys 604" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.604.9049" docTitle="Pseudoechthistatus Pic 1917" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FF9E674DFFA3836ED131FFFFFF8B7815" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Pseudoechthistatus Pic (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Lamiini)" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1701316454567" updateUser="plazi">
|
|
<mods:mods id="F1ABF4F32F19F50BF9F70D6DE06DE7E6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="E986DD061032331126EAC0C70207317D">
|
|
<mods:title id="88D62F98F416DE5D8DC8D27436862054">A revision of the genus Pseudoechthistatus Pic (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Lamiini)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="7220FBDBBC4B5F232EEB5D18DAF63C5E" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="3EAB1A7B5F503302D08F0A38A31A9296">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="5AC0CBD2AAF041C9C95A02B8E4F747A4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="A637CD8D2F10B2A0D5603F96C105CF88">Bi, Wen-Xuan</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="F7B94A2341D51020492DFC0021E1A885" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="3D630C08A412034D16A8453D48AA44BE">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="D9CB0D936B4C4E6DFFE208045D6B034E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="088ED5E87CC8FA33041C863A4525B6C3">Lin, Mei-Ying</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="89DD126B1379D8C98BA8D335D1743C4C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="90B5839380BB9B8D175DCFF537DD13F6" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="F3C5A314962AB9AE40CA23FBA129BFD4">
|
|
<mods:title id="ED1660BBED164EF2A867DAA68B81ECF1">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="490CF2778E4EEB480760A044AC0E0E54">
|
|
<mods:date id="C155FB6C535104FCFAC8153CF7631F8C">2016</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="64BF3D03B81660A84645510279F0B97E" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="59329C55BB004B3E3C9179B8B43B8170">604</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="F9368571D6B2F3C0B44D48A540B43F89" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="4AB59D4417C88B8B70146EFCA3489741">49</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="10F14239CEBD153B28C411804513717D">85</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="47E392CF6478F39A7964FD0FC8DDA553">
|
|
<mods:url id="AB6790B666465B24C42EC9271732519F">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.604.9049</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="08FB7E3AF443C1F7C893D8D6BB4DA702">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="7EEAC3065B784B630A490DC36C2296E5" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.604.9049</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="78317C8ECB22F54859BA0C39E73BF991" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-604-49</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="287D5D9CC2F5FF0FC65A225495414288" type="ZooBank">28522BEE2F2A4E8BA0B35FB901671E85</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="9FEF4C1068ABF606904597F4EBB2C81D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127876482" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FEF4C1068ABF606904597F4EBB2C81D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FEF4C1068ABF606904597F4EBB2C81D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
|
|
<subSubSection id="F7CD4A86811440B86DA562FA5583F76D" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="multiple">
|
|
<paragraph id="A4808056999B6135967760E967F5098A" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Cerambycidae</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="E4237C01E30C98DB048310ED46346A05" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="58679D8A2DD13BC51154EDF7CC957E36" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2E47B92CA6FF646DA13482ADB1591297" ID-CoL="6ZYG" authority="Pic, 1917" authorityName="Pic" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Pseudoechthistatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoechthistatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoechthistatus Pic, 1917</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="E1903540E076D2756A3BEA75B2550509" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B4E74E90AE0CF0BBCF42989ACEBA3FC" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EA7932E37E52C84D80289D363C7123E4" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Pseudoechthistatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoechthistatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoechthistatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
Pic, 1917: 6. Type species:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3AFABBC54A836A4955F425485F9CAF32" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Pseudoechthistatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoechthistatus obliquefasciatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquefasciatus">Pseudoechthistatus obliquefasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
Pic, 1917, by monotypy.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="123AE31F2B0ADDA8AA59F0BF4B4DD220" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4EA044FA51E53C78E24C84413A02BD75" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Pseudechthistatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudechthistatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudechthistatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(sic):
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4742462715326346DF265C6AC801981" author="Breuning, S" journalOrPublisher="Novitates Entomologicae" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="102 - 136" title="Etudes sur les Lamiaires (Coleop. Cerambycidae): Onzieme tribu: Phrissomini Lac." volume="3" year="1942">Breuning 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 132;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CB8EE04F4D95DC61DE35A543D75370D3" author="Breuning, S" journalOrPublisher="Museum G. Frey, Tutzing" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="287 - 382" title="Cataloque des lamiaires du Monde (Col., Ceramb.)" year="1961">Breuning 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 318;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="402E514DFBC7E07B6725246975469C03" author="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" title="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 6: Chrysomeloidae." year="2010">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="62ECDEE78207C7486ED787CB4DC7CF21" originalValue="Löbl">Loebl</normalizedToken>
|
|
and Smetana 2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 286.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6A2DD8EFCA79B339563D49D7F589ACA6" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="30C82F740FCF2E7445831931349C3DD7" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Pseudoechthistatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoechthistatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoechthistatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FC3C0EFFAFD8614FBDB683407E915FB6" author="Gressitt, JL" journalOrPublisher="Paul Lechevalier, Paris" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" title="Longicorn beetles of China. In: Lepesme P.: Longicornia, etudes et notes sur les longicornes, Volume 2." year="1951">Gressitt 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 349;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9108E25D2E62CF9E767E8727211A3E4D" author="Chiang, SN" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" title="Economic Insect Fauna of China. Fasc. 35. Coleoptera: Cerambycidae (III)." year="1985">Chiang et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 104.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="FD831C1565C57678C4AC1E9B97DDC3A5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="redescription">
|
|
<paragraph id="D5F380974D5164C7B8A05EE2CA584BC0" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="078EDB5EBB8892B5B7CDE7FBA7B58357" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
|
|
Body elongate, medium sized (ca. 15.0-25.0 mm long). Head subequal to the pronotal width at base. Eyes coarsely faceted, strongly emarginate; lower lobe small, weakly prominent, subequal to or slightly longer than width. Frons wider than long. Antennal tubercles moderately prominent and separated. Antennae long, ca. 1.6-2.0 times (in male) or 1.2-1.4 times (in female) as long as body length; scape moderately long, apical cicatrix completed, the 3rd antennomere longest, ca 1.5-1.8 times as long as scape, 4th antennomere slightly longer than (in male) or subequal to (in female) scape, 4th to 10th successively shortened and narrowed, last antennomere slightly longer than penultimate; basal antennomeres (3-4 in male, 4-7 in female)
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="00E03784A484A7980501983B99BD1E64" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" start="start">distinctly</pageBreakToken>
|
|
fringed beneath. Both maxillary and labial terminal palpomeres fusiform. Pronotum cylindrical, subequal to or slightly longer than width at base; with two indistinct transverse grooves at the anterior and posterior margins; disk with a rugose longitudinal ridge, slightly raised medially, both sides with a developed or reduced, longitudinal pubescent band; with a lateral spine moderate long and acute apically at anterior middle of each side; prosternal intercoxal process narrow, slightly emarginate at apex, lower than coxae; procoxal cavities closed posteriorly; mesosternal intercoxal process without tubercle and obliquely sloped in lateral view; mesocoxal cavities open externally to mesepimera; metasternum short to moderately long, ca 1.0-1.8 times as long as mesosternal length. Scutellum broadly rounded posteriorly. Elytra elongate, ca. 1.8-2.2 times as long as humeral width, widest at the middle or at humeri or subparallel-sided in basal half, gradually to strongly narrowed after the middle, rounded or obliquely truncated to acute apically; disk finely to coarsely punctured, granules absent or moderately to strongly developed, with few erect or suberect setae; each elytron conspicuously with a moderate to large sized, median, moderately to strongly raised, glabrous tubercle subbasally (Figs 38-40); generally provided with three light pubescent markings: the first annular marking around the subbasal tubercle (subbasal annular marking), the second band complete or discontinuous, nearly transverse to strongly oblique, across the elytron near middle (middle band), the third stripe longitudinally near apical one-fourth toward elytral apex (preapical stripe). Hindwings developed to highly reduced. Legs long and slender, protibia with a subapical tooth beneath (weak in females), mesotibia with a subapical oblique groove externally, tarsus four segmented. Tarsal claws free, divaricate to moderately divergent.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="ED3BB39308BD5A5A2A3D8D8FDEA483A0" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Male genitalia. Tergite VIII (Figs 49-55, a) trapezoidal, truncated to slightly emarginated apically, with moderately long setae. Tegmen (Figs 49-55, b, c) in lateral view moderately curved, rhombic in shape and widest at middle or behind middle in ventral view; lateral lobes moderately slender, ca. one-fourth of total length of tegmen, which moderately provided with long setae on apex. Median lobe (Figs 49-55, d, e) slightly shorter than tegmen; moderately curved in lateral view; apex rounded to subacuminate in antero-dorsal view. Endophallus in everted condition (Figs 58-64) S-shaped, long and slender, subequal to or slightly longer than triple length of median lobe; BPH, MPH and APH well defined, crescent shaped sclerites (cs) present, MPH subdivided into MT, CT and PB by a constriction; the length of MT ca. 2.0-2.5 times as long as the length of BPH, CT slightly shorter than PB, the combined length of CT and PB subequal to the length of BPH and slightly shorter than median lobe; BPH hardly swollen apically; PB cylindrical at base with developed anterior bulb, CT developed, basal swelling (bs) strongly swollen ventrolaterally or with distinct lateral tubercles (ltc), slightly swollen posterodorsally, MT with ventral swelling (vs) generally rudimentary; APH variable, moderately to strongly constrictive or moderately swollen, apical bulb (ab) sclerotized apically or at least in ventral side (when APH strongly constrictive), apical furrow (af) with internal membrane (im) well developed (Fig. 58b); apical bulb (ab), apical part of CT and PB, ventral side of basal swelling (bs) provided with spicules; ejaculatory ducts paired; gonopores (gn) situated near apex of apical bubble (bb), a pair of rod-like sclerite generally absent.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F03725885116F14AD126497B26A491F2" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="8E5604071546A66ED70D0CCA126CE4D7" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" start="start">Female</pageBreakToken>
|
|
genitalia. Setae of sternites VIII sparse and short, apical ones longer (Fig. 56f). Distinct lateral notch present and positioned behind the distinct pigmented patch on sternites VIII (Fig. 56f). The paraproct is very short and devoid of baculi; the coxite lobes are very long and bear small styli (Figs 56g, 56h). Spiculum ventrale (Fig. 56f) longer than abdomen, slightly expanded apically. Female genital track (Fig. 57) with well-developed vaginal plate (VP); bursa copulatrix (BC) moderately long, spermathecal duct attached before middle of bursa, compose of a thin long duct and an expanded and curved apical part. Spermathecal capsule (SP) and gland (SPGL) positioned on apex of spermathecal duct (SPD). Spermathecal capsule strongly sclerotised, crutch shaped (Fig. 57a), apical part more than twice of basal part in length, the whole capsule larger than the expanded apical part of spermathecal duct. Spermathecal gland is an elongate membranous sac, with its length variable but always more than triple length of spemathecal duct.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="AFA649C68993F53DA980BFF26F683CBC" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="E98E482D10E116D7387BFD2D4ED9F047" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Distribution</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FC9C9E27B01331A60B27114454BE8B9D" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">(Map 1). China, Myanmar, Vietnam.</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="B373C8275FC50182442C0811DB9C0294" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
|
<paragraph id="8FC6FE667953FD37A29919B1CA0D1ADE" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
|
Map 1. Distribution of the species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F26C564EBC3B3E8FCC610D6F372BF326" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Pseudoechthistatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoechthistatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoechthistatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. a enlargement of Dali area.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="1FB399BB2D38517A063875AD86927896" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="6F6ABFC7E1D974014D1092A4A4D51950" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4D4F65D351F66F46B4DE3065FA550A13" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
|
This genus is unique with a conspicuous raised subbasal tubercle on each elytron among the oriental genera of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="70B096D40DBC180A60838352E7CA247C" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" rank="tribe" tribe="Lamiini">Lamiini</taxonomicName>
|
|
. It is superficially resembles
|
|
<taxonomicName id="17B8CEAAD6CCA32CEB0F22FFC96404D2" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Mesechthistatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesechthistatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mesechthistatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
Breuning, 1950, but immediately distinguished by antennal scape with a complete cicatrix, basal antennomeres distinctly fringed beneath, pronotum with a rugose median longitudinal ridge, and elytra lacking lateral carinae.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="427E3CB5B884EA810201FC4F2ED3D080" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Pseudoechthistatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoechthistatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoechthistatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
shares some characters with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AC17D36F24A3CE9BAB64473D0B17E3A1" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paraleprodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraleprodera" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraleprodera</taxonomicName>
|
|
Breuning, 1935: antennae normal (without swollen), scape with a complete cicatrix, basal antennomeres distinctly fringed beneath, pronotal lateral spine present, prosternal process normal (not angularly enlarged between coxae), protibia with a subapical tooth beneath (at least in male), and similar to some species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="992924693D409430DFBEE26A8257E422" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paraleprodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraleprodera" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraleprodera</taxonomicName>
|
|
(e.g.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4966AF56A3E8D9C4F0C4B960C24202B3" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paraleprodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraleprodera diophthalma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diophthalma">Paraleprodera diophthalma</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6D738698613040FD684815F9BC9D686A" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paraleprodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraleprodera bisignata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisignata">Paraleprodera bisignata</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FAD284A3BCA8718C3436EA5C18D31A09" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paraleprodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraleprodera bigemmata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bigemmata">Paraleprodera bigemmata</taxonomicName>
|
|
) by possess the subbasal tubercle (or tubercles) on each elytron, but is distinguished by elytron with single large raised subbasal tubercle, pronotum with a rugose longitudinal ridge medially, endophallus with CT developed, swollen in dorsal and ventral sides and APH without a pair of U-shaped sclerite (the latter with the subbasal tubercle composed of small granules, CT of endophallus simple and APH with a pair of U-shaped sclerite (Figs 67f, 68g)). It is most close to another group of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2809D9348DEA3C9C196C8FD3A05A4FE4" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paraleprodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraleprodera" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraleprodera</taxonomicName>
|
|
(e.g.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D98649D84BAE59C665A14C4241640181" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paraleprodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraleprodera carolina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolina">Paraleprodera carolina</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="204DA134191272C3759E0D6EFD403F60" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paraleprodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraleprodera itzingeri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itzingeri">Paraleprodera itzingeri</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1EC703201E3C0A327FE26B66266959D" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paraleprodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraleprodera mesophthalma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesophthalma">Paraleprodera mesophthalma</taxonomicName>
|
|
) with regard to the overall form, especially the presence of the median rugose longitudinal ridge on pronotum, the shape and proportion of the endophallus and the absence of the U-shaped sclerite on APH. But it is distinguished from them by elytron with a subbasal tubercle, endophallus with CT swollen postero-dorsally and PB cylindrical at base (without a ventral tubercle (vbt) (Figs 65, 66)).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="EEAF6C1766A7BE6957FE7342D1944486" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="15055E6024E745CEB250D0FAC35F36E2" author="Breuning, S" journalOrPublisher="Novitates Entomologicae" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="102 - 136" title="Etudes sur les Lamiaires (Coleop. Cerambycidae): Onzieme tribu: Phrissomini Lac." volume="3" year="1942">Breuning (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
mentioned that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="821137C256AFF9B10FFC9C5947359F07" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Pseudoechthistatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoechthistatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoechthistatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
has the claws
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8F65A8E88DCDC223A0995EC670EF17FC" originalValue="“divergent”">"divergent"</normalizedToken>
|
|
(divergence less than 90°). According to our observation, the claws of this genus are free, and most species have them
|
|
<normalizedToken id="69D33E19191CAB54F22BBF68E990499C" originalValue="“divaricate”">"divaricate"</normalizedToken>
|
|
(divergence exceeding 100°), only some species or individuals (especially of the type species) have the claws in transitional (divergence between 80° to 90°).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="150F3B5A6F05EE5940019E0748A533ED" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
|
The subbasal tubercle on each elytron of this genus is usually single and complete. However, a few individuals (two of nearly one hundred specimens) have the subbasal tubercle separated by several grooves (Fig. 29). This was considered an aberration and
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="798D057A85EEE748DC00F4DAFD9D0437" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" start="start">is</pageBreakToken>
|
|
not included in the generic diagnosis, but it may indicate that the single subbasal tubercle have originated from several converging small tubercles (or granules) as present in e.g.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="205281D9BB6728C0C87023261A3FBDCF" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paraleprodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraleprodera diophthalma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diophthalma">Paraleprodera diophthalma</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3344C4749A30A2F52652760FA6F78F23" genus="Pascoe" lsidName="Pascoe" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rank="genus">Pascoe</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C24580BC792792E8990186C84E55DE97" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
|
|
The type species of this genus is flightless, having a shortened metasternum (subequal to mesosternum in length), constricted humeri and reduced hindwings. These three related structures were considered as generic characters by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="490912FB2E043A7E68FCDE092025440E" author="Breuning, S" journalOrPublisher="Novitates Entomologicae" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="102 - 136" title="Etudes sur les Lamiaires (Coleop. Cerambycidae): Onzieme tribu: Phrissomini Lac." volume="3" year="1942">Breuning (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. However,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3336337223C7CB9DC43E302A650FBF39" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Pseudoechthistatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoechthistatus birmanicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">Pseudoechthistatus birmanicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
with the normal metasternum length (metasternum / mesosternum length ratio ca. 1.8) and normal hindwings, while
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C4F819EBFA1E3FA7ACD55A86450C2267" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Pseudoechthistatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoechthistatus acutipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Pseudoechthistatus acutipennis</taxonomicName>
|
|
is transitional (metasternum / mesosternum length ratio ca. 1.5). Therefore, at least for this genus, the shortened metasternum should be treated as an infrageneric apomorphy.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="AD710DEF4B4E0A3EBD96A2AF58DF9F36" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9F928F724FB612CB71FF940C8F5297E6" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Pseudoechthistatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoechthistatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoechthistatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
was placed originally in the tribe
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E335BA2E49EABB71CE6FD2BB26DF4AAC" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rank="tribe" tribe="Phrissomini">Phrissomini</taxonomicName>
|
|
by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3C9A38E782928D3634872BEE5484E60F" author="Breuning, S" journalOrPublisher="Novitates Entomologicae" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="102 - 136" title="Etudes sur les Lamiaires (Coleop. Cerambycidae): Onzieme tribu: Phrissomini Lac." volume="3" year="1942">Breuning (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, and this was followed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EAB925E9FAF9A6C8633A0F522D0C6B12" author="Gressitt, JL" journalOrPublisher="Paul Lechevalier, Paris" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" title="Longicorn beetles of China. In: Lepesme P.: Longicornia, etudes et notes sur les longicornes, Volume 2." year="1951">Gressitt (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BD0CF32302C89F54260C48378DC81A41" author="Breuning, S" journalOrPublisher="Museum G. Frey, Tutzing" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="287 - 382" title="Cataloque des lamiaires du Monde (Col., Ceramb.)" year="1961">Breuning (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B5D311B064BDB9E10F9A7807C758F42F" author="Sama, G" journalOrPublisher="Quaderno di Studi e Notizie di Storia Naturale della Romagna" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" pagination="217 - 245" title="Preliminary note on the Cerambycid fauna of North Africa with the description of new taxa (InsectaColeopteraCerambycidae)." volume="27" year="2008">Sama (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="F051637F598B66C47B623004B626B420" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" start="start">synonymized</pageBreakToken>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2DE4C9CA423A68A1DD356130BBD03424" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="tribe" tribe="Phrissomini">Phrissomini</taxonomicName>
|
|
with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0A242A10AD8768AB13F0D1409475C1FD" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="tribe" tribe="Lamiini">Lamiini</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A9D2FBE51C42B6684106FF1FD1FCF2A2" author="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" title="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 6: Chrysomeloidae." year="2010">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="BF8F13C45C4A5BB1A8630116B19E671B" originalValue="Löbl">Loebl</normalizedToken>
|
|
and Smetana (2010)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
placed the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1115E13274A877B4AB1686D10149AA0E" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Pseudoechthistatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoechthistatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoechthistatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
under the tribe
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1AC0BFD4020A0F1F53D1EA55742B791B" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="tribe" tribe="Monochamini">Monochamini</taxonomicName>
|
|
which was separately used from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="890DDC05FFEFCF08BF4E538FB31E127F" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="tribe" tribe="Lamiini">Lamiini</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In this paper, we place it under
|
|
<taxonomicName id="05AB0E9B0DD6F5C82B05DE27E4B5B269" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="tribe" tribe="Lamiini">Lamiini</taxonomicName>
|
|
and follow
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A31CE0C60EDB0B1A4E2345AE1BEC2C20" author="Breuning, S" journalOrPublisher="Novitates Entomologicae" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="137 - 280" title="Etudes sur les Lamiaires (Coleop. Cerambycidae): Douzieme tribu: Agniini Thomson." volume="3" year="1943">Breuning (1943</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C048B8DA4456B7C33606D71E5A4E30C8" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="tribe" tribe="Agniini">Agniini</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E4CF517614B15C505BC4061E0AC96EB6" author="Gressitt, JL" journalOrPublisher="Paul Lechevalier, Paris" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" title="Longicorn beetles of China. In: Lepesme P.: Longicornia, etudes et notes sur les longicornes, Volume 2." year="1951">Gressitt (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="446FE191F84A2E560548CBE08C4FEFF3" author="Breuning, S" journalOrPublisher="Museum G. Frey, Tutzing" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="287 - 382" title="Cataloque des lamiaires du Monde (Col., Ceramb.)" year="1961">Breuning (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D900BBCF2AFAC2E2F297C46F3263663C" author="Ohbayashi, N" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Kanagawa" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" title="Longicorn Beetles of Japan." year="2007">Ohbayashi and Niisato (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
who consider
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EFB6FCA249DB0EA29DCFDAAD4DACED41" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="tribe" tribe="Lamiini">Lamiini</taxonomicName>
|
|
to include
|
|
<taxonomicName id="868FEF40280A3E9A7D33543E1EBF9D93" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="tribe" tribe="Monochamini">Monochamini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(sensu
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="11B939E86E813DE2842475E361D83951" author="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" title="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 6: Chrysomeloidae." year="2010">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="6191D9F05E0FBD26F4E35E4DE7EA33E6" originalValue="Löbl">Loebl</normalizedToken>
|
|
and Smetana 2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |