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<mods:title id="1BE983E51AD470D42683E2801EDE7B2D">A morphometric comparison of two sympatric Campylopus Brid. (Leucobryaceae, Bryophyta) species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0618B4E8DCB8E022EDB20B79E40D2302">T, Cíntia Aparecida</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="69C5B9AD0E0CFEAB14284C797FC7D97B">Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel Felipe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9CB802962CB1948072AC83E6CE6DEB1B">De, Bárbara Azevedo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F59E7863AE0E4C027A8EB24BD15F821">Maciel-Silva, Adaíses S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="84BF838FB5F87F3EC2739F5E38A3957F">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270 - 901 (Brazil) adaisesmaciel @ ufmg. br (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="D1984D179F1E9239B1F1630EA62B4D72" ID-CoL="QHNC" authority="Een (1989)" box="[132,372,1874,1900]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Campylopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dicranales" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="julaceus">
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1E9239B1F1630EA62B4D72" box="[132,372,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">CAMPYLOPUS JULACEUS</emphasis>
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IS OFTEN FOUND BEARING SEXUAL STRUCTURES, WHILE
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1E9239B016632EA55C4D92" box="[355,515,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">C. LAMELLATUS</emphasis>
IS USUALLY FOUND WITHOUT THEM
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<paragraph id="162736949F1E9239B1F163EDA4584DF3" blockId="14.[132,775,1969,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">
<bibRefCitation id="72094B659F1E9239B1F163EDA6494DD4" author="SANTOS M. B." box="[132,278,1969,1996]" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" refId="ref9860" refString="SANTOS M. B. 2011. - Contribuicao ao conhecimento do genero Campylopus Brid. (Bryophyte, Leucobryaceae) no Nordeste do Brasil. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil, 72 p." type="book" year="2011">Santos (2011)</bibRefCitation>
highlighted that
<taxonomicName id="D1984D179F1E9239B0B163EEA5704DD3" box="[452,559,1969,1996]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Campylopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dicranales" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="julaceus">
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1E9239B0B163EEA5704DD3" box="[452,559,1969,1996]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">C. julaceus</emphasis>
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is often found growing alongside
<taxonomicName id="D1984D179F1E9239B06A638DA6F64DF3" box="[287,425,2001,2027]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Campylopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dicranales" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="lamellatus">
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1E9239B06A638DA6F64DF3" box="[287,425,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">C. lamellatus</emphasis>
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, and often so with gametangia,
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whereas
<taxonomicName id="D1984D179F1E9239B2F16168A3574F55" box="[900,1032,1331,1358]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Campylopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dicranales" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="lamellatus">
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1E9239B2F16168A3574F55" box="[900,1032,1331,1358]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">C. lamellatus</emphasis>
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is sterile (non sex-expressing). Variations in the leaves of the comal tuft may therefore be related to morphological differences between individuals expressing or not expressing sex which is commonly recorded in species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="D1984D179F1E9239B20761EFA3D14FD5" ID-CoL="3GMT" authority="(Frahm 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Frahm" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[882,1166,1459,1485]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Campylopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dicranales" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1E9239B20761EFA4B24FD5" box="[882,1005,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">Campylopus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72094B659F1E9239B28B61EFA3DC4FD5" author="FRAHM J. P." box="[1022,1155,1459,1485]" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" pagination="1 - 237" refId="ref8316" refString="FRAHM J. P. 1991. - Dicranaceae, Campylopodioideae, Paraleucobryoideae. Flora Neotropica. 54: 1 - 237." type="journal article" year="1991">Frahm 1991</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In fact, among the shoots of
<taxonomicName id="D1984D179F1E9239B23F618FA48C4FF5" box="[842,979,1491,1517]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Campylopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dicranales" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="lamellatus">
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1E9239B23F618FA48C4FF5" box="[842,979,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">C. lamellatus</emphasis>
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analyzed in this study (including the mixed samples), a few plants showed sexual reproduction structures, whereas the shoots of
<taxonomicName id="D1984D179F1E9239B57F624FA3294C34" ID-CoL="QHNC" box="[1034,1142,1554,1581]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Campylopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dicranales" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="julaceus">
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1E9239B57F624FA3294C34" box="[1034,1142,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">C. julaceus</emphasis>
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commonly had sexual organs. The presence of non sex-expressing gametophytes is quite common, and the absence of sporophytes is frequently associated with a dioicous condition; the spatial segregation of sexes can influence sexual expression, thus
<taxonomicName id="D1984D179F1E9239B5F562CFA3B34CB4" ID-CoL="QHNC" box="[1152,1260,1682,1709]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Campylopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dicranales" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="julaceus">
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1E9239B5F562CFA3B34CB4" box="[1152,1260,1682,1709]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">C. julaceus</emphasis>
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may simply be the reproductive stage of
<taxonomicName id="D1984D179F1E9239B56062EEA3C44CD4" box="[1045,1179,1714,1740]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Campylopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dicranales" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="lamellatus">
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1E9239B56062EEA3C44CD4" box="[1045,1179,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">C. lamellatus</emphasis>
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, with variations in sexual expression being linked to the elevation, year, life cycle stage, substrate, or growing conditions (
<bibRefCitation id="72094B659F1E9239B5E462AEA2F74D14" author="LONGTON R. E. &amp; SCHUSTER R. M." box="[1169,1448,1778,1804]" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" pagination="386 - 462" refId="ref9256" refString="LONGTON R. E. &amp; SCHUSTER R. M. 1983. - Reproduction biology, in LONGTON R. E. (ed.), New Manual of Bryology. Hattori Botany Laboratory, Nichinan: 386 - 462." type="book chapter" year="1983">Longton &amp; Schuster 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="72094B659F1E9239B258634EA4B64D34" author="KORPELAINEN H." box="[813,1001,1810,1836]" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" pagination="157 - 180" refId="ref9147" refString="KORPELAINEN H. 1998. - Labile sex expression in plants. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 73: 157 - 180." type="journal article" year="1998">Korpelainen 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="72094B659F1E9239B281634EA3AF4D34" author="BISANG I. &amp; HEDENAS L." box="[1012,1264,1809,1836]" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" pagination="207 - 219" refId="ref7662" refString="BISANG I. &amp; HEDENAS L. 2005. - Sex ratio patterns in dioicous bryophytes re-visited. Journal of Bryology 27: 207 - 219. https: // doi. org / 10.1179 / 174328205 X 69959" type="journal article" year="2005">Bisang &amp; Hedenäs 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="72094B659F1E9239B58E634EA2C04D34" author="STARK L. R. &amp; MCLETCHIE D. N. &amp; MISHLER B. D." box="[1275,1439,1809,1836]" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" pagination="183 - 193" refId="ref10087" refString="STARK L. R., MCLETCHIE D. N. &amp; MISHLER B. D. 2005. - Sex expression, plant size, and spatial segregation of the sexes across a stress gradient in the desert moss Syntrichia caninervis. The Bryologist 108: 183 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1639 / 0007 - 2745 (2005) 108 [0183: SEPSAS] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2005">
Stark
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1E9239B440634EA23A4D34" box="[1333,1381,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E82651F9F1E9239B258630EA49D4D92" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" type="description">
<paragraph id="162736949F1E9239B258630EA49D4D92" blockId="14.[813,1399,1874,1930]" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">
<heading id="4D6F81F89F1E9239B258630EA49D4D92" allCaps="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" reason="2">
PROPAGULA OF
<taxonomicName id="D1984D179F1E9239B2A0630EA3094D72" ID-CoL="QHNC" authority="JULACEUS" authorityName="JULACEUS" box="[981,1110,1874,1900]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Campylopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dicranales" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="julaceus">
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1E9239B2A0630EA3094D72" box="[981,1110,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">C. JULACEUS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ARE VIABLE FOR EFFECTIVE PROPAGATION
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="162736949F1E9239B25863CDA2F04DF4" blockId="14.[813,1455,1937,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">
Approximately 50 to 60% of the
<taxonomicName id="D1984D179F1E9239B5F363CEA3AA4DB3" box="[1158,1269,1937,1964]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Campylopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dicranales" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="julaceus">
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1E9239B5F363CEA3AA4DB3" box="[1158,1269,1937,1964]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="251">C. julaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
propagula regenerated in the experiment, readily forming rhizoids and chloronema. Since the comal tuft always present sexual structures
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="162736949F1F9238B1F1648BA50F4888" blockId="15.[130,775,215,656]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
associated to several asexual propagula, the above data indicate that the plants invest in the production of sexual structures at the same time as they invest in viable asexual reproduction. As
<bibRefCitation id="72094B659F1F9238B1F7656BA6CC4B49" author="FREY W. &amp; KURSCHNER H." box="[130,403,311,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" pagination="173 - 184" refId="ref8509" refString="FREY W. &amp; KURSCHNER H. 2011. - Asexual reproduction, habitat colonization and habitat maintenance in bryophytes. Flora 206: 173 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. flora. 2010.04.020" type="journal article" year="2011">Frey &amp; Kürschner (2011)</bibRefCitation>
noted, clonal reproduction confers ecological advantages to the species by balancing the difficulties of mating and the difficulties created by their disproportionate sex ratios.
<taxonomicName id="D1984D179F1F9238B06F65CAA6B04BA8" box="[282,495,406,432]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Campylopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dicranales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="julaceus">
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1F9238B06F65CAA6B04BA8" box="[282,495,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Campylopus julaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and likely
<taxonomicName id="D1984D179F1F9238B31B65CBA5A84BA8" box="[622,759,406,433]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Campylopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dicranales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="lamellatus">
<emphasis id="24ECEA869F1F9238B31B65CBA5A84BA8" box="[622,759,406,433]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">C. lamellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), even failing to produce sporophytes, may take advantage of the asexual reproduction. Regeneration success was similar between the RM and GA sites, revealing that both areas provided suitable conditions for producing viable propagula, and that those propagula are capable of regenerating new plants. All of the samples had propagula, suggesting that they are constantly produced by the gametophytes.
</paragraph>
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