treatments-xml/data/98/14/87/981487A0083AFFB8C6ECFBDFBCA7176C.xml

<document id="5CF356FFD4057C0C8B7F060926C1694D" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4137.2.4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4137.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bd4ac9b8-8ad3-427e-831b-20ccf8ce4cab" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257162" ID-ZooBank="85D59D06-6816-4273-9B73-C4484DB8397E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1468217969961" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zanata, Angela M. &amp; Pitanga, Bruno R." docDate="2016" docId="981487A0083AFFB8C6ECFBDFBCA7176C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4137.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4137 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hypostomus leucophaeus Zanata &amp; Pitanga, 2016, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="231" masterDocId="642DFFD8083BFFB0C67BFF80BF6B1117" masterDocTitle="A new species of Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from rio Itapicuru basin, Bahia State, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="232" masterPageNumber="223" pageNumber="224" updateTime="1698364227669" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5401509B0B7B3F3668ABD1AC60399E27">A new species of Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from rio Itapicuru basin, Bahia State, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E7DC60EEFCB2C329B1517A545FC621EA" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F61D727458262B5BA9077266B4F378EF">Zanata, Angela M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="590203B849D900F5417D51EFE0AA88FD">Pitanga, Bruno R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="12461EB579F0C41EE2F46A7219BDC64C">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="981487A0083AFFB8C6ECFBDFBCA7176C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664733" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123191050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5664733" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981487A0083AFFB8C6ECFBDFBCA7176C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981487A0083AFFB8C6ECFBDFBCA7176C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<subSubSection id="58A7653D083AFFB1C6ECFBDFBE6B158C" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100236B6083AFFB1C6ECFBDFBD01156D" blockId="1.[151,618,1119,1179]" box="[151,618,1119,1146]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<heading id="4B4A81DA083AFFB1C6ECFBDFBD01156D" bold="true" box="[151,618,1119,1146]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" reason="1">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083AFFB1C6ECFBDFBD01156D" bold="true" box="[151,618,1119,1146]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083AFFB1C6ECFBDFBEA0156E" ID-CoL="3NZ8R" box="[151,459,1119,1145]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083AFFB1C6ECFBDFBEA0156E" bold="true" box="[151,459,1119,1145]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="39FA57DF083AFFB1C7A1FBE0BD01156D" box="[474,618,1120,1146]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="100236B6083AFFB1C6ECFB02BE6B158C" blockId="1.[151,618,1119,1179]" box="[151,256,1154,1179]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<figureCitation id="88862A33083AFFB1C6ECFB02BE6B158C" box="[151,256,1154,1179]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1034,1056]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,250,1607,1629]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,193,1917]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,193,1012]" captionTargetBox-2="[150,1436,1136,1585]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1435,193,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1435,193,1012]" captionTargetId-2="figure@3.[150,1436,1136,1586]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Hypostomus leucophaeus, holotype, MZUSP 119822, 131.2 mm SL, rio Itapicuru, Rio Real, Bahia, Brazil." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Hypostomus leucophaeus, paratype, MZUSP 119842, 158.2 mm SL, rio Itapicuru around 10 km from Altamira, Fazenda Coqueiro, Conde, Bahia, Brazil. Photographed alive." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Head and anterior portion of body in ventral view of Hypostomus leucophaeus, (a) MZUSP 119842, 158.2 mm SL, (b) MZUSP 119842, 132.9 mm SL, (c) MZUSP 119842, 100.4 mm SL, showing the variation of presence and arrangement of platelets." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/257163/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/257164/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/257165/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A7653D083AFFB1C6ECFB4ABD0C16A4" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="100236B6083AFFB1C6ECFB4ABF91143C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1226,1971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083AFFB1C6ECFB4ABE6F15F4" bold="true" box="[151,260,1226,1251]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<typeStatus id="CF068814083AFFB1C6ECFB4ABE6F15F4" box="[151,260,1226,1251]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE73083AFFB1C76FFB4BBE1A15F4" box="[276,369,1227,1251]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C701FB4BBD3A15F5" box="[378,593,1227,1251]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.198221312" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="1.198221312E8">119822, 131.2 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<collectingCountry id="68AA7626083AFFB1C4F0FB4ABDB915F4" box="[651,722,1226,1251]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Bahia, Rio Real, Fazenda Pau Ferro, rio Itapicuru, around 15 Km from Rio Real, 
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C7F9FB6FBD611410" box="[386,522,1263,1287]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="15" value="-11.578055">11°34’41’’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C46FFB6EBDCD1410" box="[532,678,1262,1287]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="15" value="-38.00722">38°00’26’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C4CEFB6FBD991411" box="[693,754,1263,1287]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="m" value="87.0">87 m</quantity>
above sea level, 
<date id="64031076083AFFB1C5C5FB6FBB331410" box="[958,1112,1262,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" value="2015-11-14">14 Nov 2015</date>
, A. Zanata, R. Burger &amp; L. Oliveira.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100236B6083AFFB1C6BCFAB6BD0C16A4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1226,1971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<typeStatus id="CF068814083AFFB1C6BCFAB6BE541458" box="[199,319,1334,1359]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083AFFB1C6BCFAB6BE541458" bold="true" box="[199,319,1334,1359]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
. All from 
<collectingCountry id="68AA7626083AFFB1C7CEFAB6BE971458" box="[437,508,1334,1359]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Bahia, rio Itapicuru basin. 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE73083AFFB1C548FAB7BC151458" box="[819,894,1335,1359]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">UFBA</collectionCode>
2993, 9, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C59CFAB7BBF31459" box="[999,1176,1335,1359]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" metricValueMax="1.341" metricValueMin="0.739" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="104.0" valueMax="134.1" valueMin="73.9">73.9–134.1 mm</quantity>
SL, Rio Real, Fazenda Pau Ferro, rio Itapicuru, around 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C46BFADABD311464" box="[528,602,1370,1395]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
from Rio Real, 
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C560FADBBCD31464" box="[795,952,1371,1395]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="1" value="-11.576361">11°34’34.9’’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C5B9FADBBB3E1464" box="[962,1109,1371,1395]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="15" value="-38.023335">38°01’24’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C21FFADBBBCB1465" box="[1124,1184,1371,1395]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="m" value="87.0">87 m</quantity>
a.s.l, 
<date id="64031076083AFFB1C293FADBBA181464" box="[1256,1395,1371,1395]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" value="2004-12-04">4 Dec 2004</date>
, A. Zanata, P. Camelier &amp; T. Sá. 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE73083AFFB1C79FFAFFBD441480" box="[484,559,1407,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">UFBA</collectionCode>
3026, 9, 79.6-136.0 mm SL, Fazenda Pau Ferro, rio Itapicuru, around 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C32FFAFEBAF71480" box="[1364,1436,1406,1431]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
from Rio Real, 
<date id="64031076083AFFB1C73EFA22BEA114AC" box="[325,458,1442,1467]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" value="2004-12-05">5 Dec 2004</date>
, A. Zanata, P. Camelier &amp; T. Sá. 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE73083AFFB1C545FA23BCE214AC" box="[830,905,1443,1467]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">UFBA</collectionCode>
3027, 5, 111.3- 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C243FA22BBC114AD" box="[1080,1194,1442,1467]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.225" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="122.5">122.5 mm</quantity>
SL, Povoado Alegre, rio Itapicuru, around 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C7F1FA47BEB914C8" box="[394,466,1478,1503]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
from Rio Real, 
<date id="64031076083AFFB1C4F5FA46BC7D14C8" box="[654,790,1478,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" value="2004-12-06">6 Dec 2004</date>
, A. Zanata, P. Camelier &amp; T. Sá. 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE73083AFFB1C2EDFA47BB8A14C8" box="[1174,1249,1479,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">UFBA</collectionCode>
3251, 20, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C326FA47BE651715" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="13.68" metricValueMin="4.82" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="92.5" valueMax="136.8" valueMin="48.2">48.2– 136.8 mm</quantity>
SL, Jacobina, rio Itapicuru-mirim at ponte Roncador, around 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C58BFA6BBB571714" box="[1008,1084,1514,1539]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
from Jacobina, 
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C37BFA6BBAF61714" box="[1280,1437,1515,1539]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="1" value="-11.206194">11°12’22.3’’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C6ECF98EBE411730" box="[151,298,1550,1575]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="15" value="-40.43139">40°25’53’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C741F98EBEEE1731" box="[314,389,1550,1575]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.26" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="m" value="426.0">426 m</quantity>
a.s.l., 
<date id="64031076083AFFB1C7AEF98FBD021730" box="[469,617,1550,1575]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" value="2005-06-12">12 Jun 2005</date>
, A. Zanata, P. Camelier, J. Birindelli, O. Oyakawa, M. Geraldes &amp; P. Moura. 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE73083AFFB1C68AF9B3BE57175C" box="[241,316,1587,1611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">UFBA</collectionCode>
3290, 5, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C7D2F9B3BD26175D" box="[425,589,1587,1611]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.305" metricValueMax="8.18" metricValueMin="2.43" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="53.05" valueMax="81.8" valueMin="24.3">24.3–81.8 mm</quantity>
SL, Saúde, rio Paiaiá on roadway BA 131 between Saúde and Pindobaçú, 
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C6ECF9D6BE5F1778" box="[151,308,1622,1647]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="1" value="-10.896527">10°53’47.5’’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C745F9D6BE8C1778" box="[318,487,1622,1647]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="1" value="-40.404503">40°24’16.2’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C78EF9D7BD541779" box="[501,575,1623,1647]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.49" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="m" value="449.0">449 m</quantity>
a.s.l., 
<date id="64031076083AFFB1C4F5F9D7BC4B1778" box="[654,800,1622,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" value="2005-06-13">13 Jun 2005</date>
, A. Zanata, P. Camelier, J. Birindelli, O. Oyakawa, M. Geraldes &amp; P. Moura. 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE73083AFFB1C7F4F9FBBEB11784" box="[399,474,1659,1683]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">UFBA</collectionCode>
3540, 3, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C43AF9FABD991785" box="[577,754,1658,1683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.44" metricValueMax="10.709999999999999" metricValueMin="6.17" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="84.4" valueMax="107.1" valueMin="61.7">61.7–107.1 mm</quantity>
SL, Itiúba, rio Jacurici, 
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C585F9FABBF71784" box="[1022,1180,1658,1683]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="1" value="-10.679611">10°40’46.6’’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C2D9F9FABA201784" box="[1186,1355,1658,1683]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="1" value="-39.698917">39°41’56.1’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C32DF9FBBAF71785" box="[1366,1436,1659,1683]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="m" value="310.0">310 m</quantity>
a.s.l., 
<date id="64031076083AFFB1C6A1F91FBE0217A0" box="[218,361,1694,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" value="2005-06-14">14 Jun 2005</date>
, A. Zanata, P. Camelier, J. Birindelli, O. Oyakawa, M. Geraldes &amp; P. Moura. 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE73083AFFB1C2A4F91FBA4117A0" box="[1247,1322,1695,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">UFBA</collectionCode>
6509, 15, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C6ECF942BE2617CD" box="[151,333,1730,1755]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.129999999999999" metricValueMax="11.58" metricValueMin="6.68" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="91.3" valueMax="115.8" valueMin="66.8">66.8–115.8 mm</quantity>
SL; 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE73083AFFB1C7F5F943BE8017CC" box="[398,491,1731,1755]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">MZUSP</collectionCode>
90869, 8, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C40FF942BC4017CD" box="[628,811,1730,1755]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.081" metricValueMax="1.2449999999999999" metricValueMin="0.917" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="108.1" valueMax="124.5" valueMin="91.7">91.7–124.5 mm</quantity>
SL, Queimadas, rio Itapicuru right below Barragem Grande, 
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C682F966BEEA17E8" box="[249,385,1766,1791]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="15" value="-10.988334">10°59’18’’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C7F1F967BD4E17E8" box="[394,549,1767,1791]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="1" value="-39.669197">39°40’9.1’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C44AF967BD1117E9" box="[561,634,1767,1791]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.71" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="m" value="271.0">271 m</quantity>
a.s.l., 
<date id="64031076083AFFB1C4BDF966BC3E17E8" box="[710,853,1766,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" value="2005-06-15">15 Jun 2005</date>
, A. Zanata, P. Camelier, J. Birindelli, O. Oyakawa, M. Geraldes &amp; P. Moura. 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE73083AFFB1C7C4F88BBD611634" box="[447,522,1803,1827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">UFBA</collectionCode>
7184, 4, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C40DF88ABC701635" box="[630,795,1802,1827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.15" metricValueMax="9.66" metricValueMin="6.64" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="81.5" valueMax="96.6" valueMin="66.4">66.4–96.6 mm</quantity>
SL, Nordestina, rio Itapicuru at dam close to Salinas do Rio, 
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C6A9F8AEBE1B1650" box="[210,368,1838,1863]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="1" value="-10.940111">10°56’24.4’’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C707F8AEBD4F1650" box="[380,548,1838,1863]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="1" value="-39.4155">39°24’55.8’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="64031076083AFFB1C44FF8AFBDD61650" box="[564,701,1839,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" value="2012-10-04">4 Oct 2012</date>
, R. Burger &amp; A. Calor. 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE73083AFFB1C598F8AFBB451650" box="[995,1070,1839,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">UFBA</collectionCode>
8103, 15, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C2C8F8AEBA021651" box="[1203,1385,1838,1863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.925" metricValueMax="13.219999999999999" metricValueMin="6.63" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="99.25" valueMax="132.2" valueMin="66.3">66.3–132.2 mm</quantity>
SL, collected with 
<typeStatus id="CF068814083AFFB1C73BF8D2BECD167C" box="[320,422,1874,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE73083AFFB1C7C8F8D3BE95167C" box="[435,510,1875,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">UFBA</collectionCode>
8122, 6, 109.6– 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C4C0F8D2BC45167D" box="[699,814,1874,1899]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.418" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="141.8">141.8 mm</quantity>
SL; 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE73083AFFB1C512F8D3BCAD167C" box="[873,966,1875,1899]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">MZUSP</collectionCode>
119842, 5, 101.7– 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C2E5F8D2BA79167D" box="[1182,1298,1874,1899]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5819999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="158.2">158.2 mm</quantity>
SL, Conde, Fazenda Coqueiro, around 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C7A9F8F7BD761698" box="[466,541,1910,1935]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
from Altamira, rio Itapicuru, 
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C504F8F7BB651698" box="[895,1038,1911,1935]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="1" value="-11.718972">11°43’8.3’’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="75895071083AFFB1C263F8F6BBD81698" box="[1048,1203,1910,1935]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" precision="1" value="-37.75011">37°45’0.4’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083AFFB1C2B9F8F7BB941699" box="[1218,1279,1911,1935]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="m" value="38.0">38 m</quantity>
a.s.l., 
<date id="64031076083AFFB1C32BF8F7BFB916A4" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" value="2016-05-08">8 May 2016</date>
, A. Zanata, R. Burger &amp; B. Pitanga.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="44C2663E0839FFB2C6ECF814BA3816BD" box="[151,1363,1940,1962]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257163/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="225" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1917]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="100236B60839FFB2C6ECF814BA3816BD" blockId="2.[151,1363,1940,1962]" box="[151,1363,1940,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40839FFB2C6ECF814BE7816BE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1940,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350839FFB2C762F815BD7016BE" box="[281,539,1940,1962]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40839FFB2C762F815BD7016BE" box="[281,539,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, MZUSP 119822, 131.2 mm SL, rio Itapicuru, Rio Real, Bahia, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="44C2663E0838FFB3C6ECFB8ABC631529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257164/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1012]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="100236B60838FFB3C6ECFB8ABC631529" blockId="3.[151,1436,1034,1086]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40838FFB3C6ECFB8ABE7F1508" bold="true" box="[151,276,1034,1056]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350838FFB3C767FB8BBD741508" box="[284,543,1034,1056]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40838FFB3C767FB8BBD741508" box="[284,543,1034,1056]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype, MZUSP 119842, 158.2 mm SL, rio Itapicuru around 10 km from Altamira, Fazenda Coqueiro, Conde, Bahia, Brazil. Photographed alive.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="44C2663E0838FFB3C6ECF9C7BF98178D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257165/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" targetBox="[150,1436,1136,1585]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="100236B60838FFB3C6ECF9C7BF98178D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1607,1690]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40838FFB3C6ECF9C7BE79174B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1607,1629]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Head and anterior portion of body in ventral view of 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350838FFB3C550F9C8BB47174B" box="[811,1068,1607,1629]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40838FFB3C550F9C8BB47174B" box="[811,1068,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (a) MZUSP 119842, 158.2 mm SL, (b) MZUSP 119842, 132.9 mm SL, (c) MZUSP 119842, 100.4 mm SL, showing the variation of presence and arrangement of platelets.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58A7653D0838FFB4C6BCF947BC82154F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100236B60838FFB4C6BCF947BD22132A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1735,2012]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40838FFB3C6BCF947BE2A17F7" bold="true" box="[199,321,1735,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350838FFB3C737F948BD0617F7" box="[332,621,1735,1760]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40838FFB3C737F948BD0617F7" box="[332,621,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from most congeners by having a roughly triangular patch of platelets on ventral surface of body, posterior half of body grayish or with inconspicuous dark spots, and lower caudal-fin lobe distinctly longer than upper lobe. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350838FFB3C561F890BB51163F" box="[794,1082,1807,1832]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40838FFB3C561F890BB51163F" box="[794,1082,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from congeners known from rivers draining Bahia State by having dark spots over a light brown or grayish background, at least on anterior half of trunk, and seven branched dorsal-fin rays and (
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40838FFB3C48CF8D8BC651678" box="[759,782,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">vs</emphasis>
. light brown or yellowish spots on a dark background and 10–11 branched dorsal-fin rays in 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350838FFB3C46EF8FCBDA21683" box="[533,713,1915,1940]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysostiktos">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40838FFB3C46EF8FCBDA21683" box="[533,713,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">H. chrysostiktos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), one or two series of inconspicuous dark spots larger than pupil on interradial dorsal-fin membranes and caudal fin uniformly grayish or with inconspicuous dark spots (
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40838FFB3C356F820BA2F16A0" box="[1325,1348,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">vs</emphasis>
. two or three series of conspicuous dark spots smaller than pupil on the interradial membranes and various series of conspicuous dark spots on than caudal fin of 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C4EDFF19BC5D11A7" box="[662,822,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C4EDFF19BC5D11A7" box="[662,822,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. brevicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C515FF19BB6911A7" box="[878,1026,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wuchereri">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C515FF19BB6911A7" box="[878,1026,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. wuchereri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), spots on head and anterior portion of trunk inconspicuous and smaller than pupil in addition to ventral surface of body with large and triangular plated area (
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C6A2FF61BF9B11EF" box="[217,240,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">vs</emphasis>
. head and trunk covered by conspicuous large dark spots ranging from half to approximately one eye diameter and ventral surface of body naked or weakly covered by platelets in 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C585FE85BB00100B" box="[1022,1131,261,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C585FE85BB00100B" box="[1022,1131,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C2DAFE85BB91100B" box="[1185,1274,261,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unae">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C2DAFE85BB91100B" box="[1185,1274,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. unae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C36AFE85BE481057" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C36AFE85BE481057" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differs from other congeners occurring in rivers draining the northeastern Brazilian region to the north of Bahia State by having the ventral surface of the body with a roughly triangular patch of platelets, wider anteriorly and tapering gradually posteriorly, leaving large lateral areas naked and narrow patch of platelets reaching posterior to pelvic-fin base but not reaching anus, and absence of keels on trunk (
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C2CDFE15BBA610BB" box="[1206,1229,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">vs</emphasis>
. covered portions forming anterior rectangular area, continuing by narrow median longitudinal and wide area posterior to the pelvicfins insertion and presence of keels on trunk in 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C4ABFE5DBB5510E2" authority="Miranda Ribeiro" authorityName="Miranda Ribeiro" box="[720,1086,476,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C4ABFE5DBC0910E2" box="[720,866,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. carvalhoi</emphasis>
(Miranda Ribeiro)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C22BFE5DBA0410E2" authority="Fowler" authorityName="Fowler" box="[1104,1391,476,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaguribensis">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C22BFE5DBA6910E2" box="[1104,1282,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. jaguribensis</emphasis>
(Fowler)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C3FAFE5DBE0C130F" authority="Fowler" authorityName="Fowler" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papariae">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C3FAFE5DBF97130F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. papariae</emphasis>
(Fowler)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C7D2FD81BDF7130F" authority="Starks" authorityName="Starks" box="[425,668,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusarum">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C7D2FD81BD44130F" box="[425,559,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. pusarum</emphasis>
(Starks))
</taxonomicName>
, and absence of dark bars on caudal fin (
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C203FD81BBFD130F" box="[1144,1174,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">vs.</emphasis>
presence in 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C351FD81BF92132A" authority="Fowler" authorityName="Fowler" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eptingi">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C351FD81BAF7130F" box="[1322,1436,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. eptingi</emphasis>
(Fowler)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C754FDA5BD2E132A" authority="Fowler" authorityName="Fowler" box="[303,581,548,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudiventris">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C754FDA5BEA4132A" box="[303,463,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. nudiventris</emphasis>
(Fowler))
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100236B6083FFFB4C6BCFDC8BC82154F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">
From congeners known to occur in the rio São Francisco basin, 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C5D5FDC9BBA41377" box="[942,1231,583,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C5D5FDC9BBA41377" box="[942,1231,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differs by having dark spots on a light brown or grayish ground color (vs. light spots against a dark background in 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C34FFDEDBE6E13BF" authority="Castelnau" authorityName="Castelnau" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C34FFDEDBAF01392" box="[1332,1435,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. alatus</emphasis>
Castelnau
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C744FD11BD5713BF" authority="Lutken" authorityName="Lutken" box="[319,572,655,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="francisci">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C744FD11BEAD13BF" box="[319,454,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. francisci</emphasis>
(Lütken))
</taxonomicName>
, robust body and absence of predorsal keels (vs. elongate body and at least three predorsal keels in 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C7D7FD35BDB513DA" authority="Castelnau" authorityName="Castelnau" box="[428,734,692,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subcarinatus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C7D7FD35BD0A13DA" box="[428,609,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. subcarinatus</emphasis>
Castelnau
</taxonomicName>
), spots on anterior portion of trunk similar in size or slightly larger than those on head (vs. spots on trunk twice as large as those on head in 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C24DFD59BA6E13E7" authority="Lutken" authorityName="Lutken" box="[1078,1285,727,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C24DFD59BBE613E7" box="[1078,1165,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. lima</emphasis>
(Lütken))
</taxonomicName>
, and anterior portion of abdomen covered by platelets, continuing posteriorly through a narrow median patch and leaving large lateral naked areas (
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C707FCA1BEF1122F" box="[380,410,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">vs.</emphasis>
ventral surface of body completely covered by platelets in 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C239FCA1BA41122F" authority="Regan" authorityName="Regan" box="[1090,1322,800,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C239FCA1BBAE122F" box="[1090,1221,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. garmani</emphasis>
(Regan)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C34CFCA1BE54124A" authority="Steindachner" authorityName="Steindachner" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnii">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C34CFCA1BAF7122F" box="[1335,1436,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. johnii</emphasis>
(Steindachner)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C700FCC5BDDE124A" authority="Steindachner" authorityName="Steindachner" box="[379,693,836,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vaillanti">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C700FCC5BE97124A" box="[379,508,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. vaillanti</emphasis>
(Steindachner))
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C4BAFCC5BC8B124A" box="[705,992,836,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C4BAFCC5BC8B124A" box="[705,992,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differs from 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C2B7FCC5BA26124A" box="[1228,1357,836,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vaillanti">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C2B7FCC5BA26124A" box="[1228,1357,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. vaillanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of vermiculations on predorsal region (
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C4B9FCE9BDB21297" box="[706,729,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">vs</emphasis>
. presence) and from 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C5AEFCE9BB571297" box="[981,1084,871,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnii">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C5AEFCE9BB571297" box="[981,1084,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. johnii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having narrow plated area posterior to pelvic-fin base (vs. presence of broad plated area posterior to pelvic-fin base) and lower number of teeth on premaxilla (21–83, mode =60 vs. 60–110, mode 84) and dentary (23–79, mode=62 vs. 65–115, mode = 87). 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C6B7FC55BE8712FA" box="[204,492,980,1005]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C6B7FC55BE8712FA" box="[204,492,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differs from 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083FFFB4C4A6FC55BBAA12FA" authority="Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann" authorityName="Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann" box="[733,1217,980,1005]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabriceps">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C4A6FC55BC1112FA" box="[733,890,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">H. scabriceps</emphasis>
(Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann)
</taxonomicName>
, the only congener known from coastal drainages nearby to the south of Bahia State, by having posterior portion of abdomen mostly naked (vs. completely covered by platelets), absence of keels on trunk (vs. presence), and inconspicuous spotted pattern on body and fins (vs. well defined spotted pattern on body and fins).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A7653D083FFFB6C6BCFBE4BCA61427" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" type="description">
<paragraph id="100236B6083FFFB4C6BCFBE4BD9B146F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C6BCFBE4BE32156A" bold="true" box="[199,345,1124,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">Description.</emphasis>
Standard length of examined specimens, 
<quantity id="D7459B53083FFFB4C557FBE4BC98156B" box="[812,1011,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0639999999999998" metricValueMax="1.5819999999999999" metricValueMin="0.546" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="106.39999999999999" valueMax="158.2" valueMin="54.6">54.6 to 158.2 mm</quantity>
SL. Measurements in 
<tableCitation id="5D3F030D083FFFB4C28BFBE4BA2F156B" box="[1264,1348,1124,1149]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1308,202,1571]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for Hypostomus leucophaeus, new species. N = 40; SD = standard deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/44C2663E083EFFB5C6ECFF18BA7D11B8" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" tableUuid="44C2663E083EFFB5C6ECFF18BA7D11B8">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Dorsal profile of body convex from snout tip to the occipital process, somewhat convex to straight from that point to dorsal-fin origin, straight from that point to middle of caudal peduncle and somewhat concave from end of base of adipose-fin spine to origin of dorsalmost caudal-fin rays. Ventral profile of body straight to somewhat convex from snout tip to anal-fin base, straight from that point to caudal-fin base. Body relatively depressed; greatest body width at cleithral region, progressively tapering posteriorly; width at cleithral region greater than head depth. Greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin, gradually tapering posteriorly to caudal peduncle. Caudal peduncle robust and slightly trapezoid in cross-section, flattened ventrally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100236B6083FFFB4C6BCFA04BEB016CA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">
Head somewhat depressed, wide and rounded anteriorly. Head without keels. Posterior border of parietosupraoccipital with triangular process. A single plate bordering posterior margin of parieto-supraoccipital. Interorbital region straight, with lateral margins slightly elevated. Eyes relatively small, dorsolaterally situated. Dorsal flap of iris present. Mouth wide; internal surface and area anterior to dentary teeth covered by relatively small papillae. Median buccal papilla present (see 
<bibRefCitation id="742C4B47083FFFB4C48FF994BCA9173B" author="Armbruster" box="[756,962,1556,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" refString="Armbruster, J. W. (2003) The species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Zootaxa, 249, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="2003">Armbruster, 2003</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3). Lips rounded, posterior lip not reaching transverse line between gill openings and without distinctly fringed margin. Inner surface of lips covered by papillae, except for smooth region right behind toothed portions of the dentary. Anteriormost papillae of upper lip rounded and small, followed by patch of larger and closely positioned papillae; anteriormost papillae of lower lip roundish and relatively large, followed by patch of smaller papillae; distal margins of lips with very small papillae. Papillae on lower lip slightly more spaced than on upper lip. Teeth long, bicuspid and curved inward distally; mesial cusp longer, approximately two times length of the lateral cusp and curved inward. Most specimens possess high number of elongate teeth on premaxilla and dentary, 50 or more on each 
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C2FBF891BBAD163F" box="[1152,1222,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">ramus</emphasis>
) overlapping each other distally; a few specimens possess low numbers of comparatively robust teeth (around 20 on each 
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C360F8B5BA0A165B" box="[1307,1377,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">ramus</emphasis>
), not overlapping each other distally. Premaxilla with 21–83 teeth (mode = 60) (
<typeStatus id="CF068814083FFFB4C598F8D7BB2C1667" box="[995,1095,1879,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
55), dentary with 23–79 teeth (mode = 62; 
<typeStatus id="CF068814083FFFB4C755F8FCBEFB1682" box="[302,400,1916,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="227" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
64). Contralateral premaxillary 
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C578F8FDBC2B1683" box="[771,832,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">ramii</emphasis>
forming relatively straight line or somewhat convex arch; contralateral dentary 
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083FFFB4C7AFF821BD7A16AF" box="[468,529,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="227">ramii</emphasis>
forming concave arch facing mouth cavity. Maxillary barbel short, equal or shorter than orbital diameter.
</paragraph>
<caption id="44C2663E083EFFB5C6ECFF18BA7D11B8" ID-Table-UUID="44C2663E083EFFB5C6ECFF18BA7D11B8" box="[151,1302,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/44C2663E083EFFB5C6ECFF18BA7D11B8" pageId="5" pageNumber="228" targetBox="[159,1308,202,1571]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="100236B6083EFFB5C6ECFF18BA7D11B8" blockId="5.[151,1302,151,175]" box="[151,1302,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083EFFB5C6ECFF18BE6111B8" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric data for 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083EFFB5C471FF18BC7211B8" box="[522,793,151,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083EFFB5C471FF18BC7211B8" box="[522,793,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="39FA57DF083EFFB5C55CFF18BCC011B8" box="[807,939,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="228" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
. N = 40; SD = standard deviation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="100236B6083EFFB5C49DFF4ABA771734" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<table id="62BDC416083E004FC6E4FF4ABA771734" box="[159,1308,202,1571]" gridcols="5" gridrows="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FF4ABA7711F7" box="[159,1308,202,224]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="228" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFF4ABC2F11F7" box="[742,836,202,224]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Holotype</th>
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFF4ABB6611F7" box="[912,1037,202,224]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Range</th>
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFF4ABBD411F7" box="[1157,1215,202,224]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Mean</th>
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FF4ABA7711F7" box="[1276,1308,202,224]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">SD</th>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FF72BA77101F" box="[159,1308,242,264]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FF72BED1101F" box="[159,442,242,264]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Total length in mm</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFF72BC2F101F" box="[742,836,242,264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">173.8</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFF72BB66101F" box="[912,1037,242,264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">110.9–197.4</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFF72BBD4101F" box="[1157,1215,242,264]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">-</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FF72BA77101F" box="[1276,1308,242,264]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FE9BBA771026" box="[159,1308,283,305]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FE9BBED11026" box="[159,442,283,305]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Standard length in mm</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFE9BBC2F1026" box="[742,836,283,305]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">131.2</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFE9BBB661026" box="[912,1037,283,305]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">81.8–158.2</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFE9BBBD41026" box="[1157,1215,283,305]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">-</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FE9BBA771026" box="[1276,1308,283,305]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FECDBA771074" box="[159,1308,333,355]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="228" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FECDBED11074" box="[159,442,333,355]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Percents of standard length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FEF5BA77109C" box="[159,1308,373,395]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FEF5BED1109C" box="[159,442,373,395]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Head length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFEF5BC2F109C" box="[742,836,373,395]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">32.4</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFEF5BB66109C" box="[912,1037,373,395]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">31.8–35.6</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFEF5BBD4109C" box="[1157,1215,373,395]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">33.3</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FEF5BA77109C" box="[1276,1308,373,395]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FE1EBA7710A3" box="[159,1308,414,436]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FE1EBED110A3" box="[159,442,414,436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Predorsal length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFE1EBC2F10A3" box="[742,836,414,436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">43.0</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFE1EBB6610A3" box="[912,1037,414,436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">39.4–44.8</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFE1EBBD410A3" box="[1157,1215,414,436]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">43.0</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FE1EBA7710A3" box="[1276,1308,414,436]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FE46BA7710CB" box="[159,1308,454,476]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FE46BED110CB" box="[159,442,454,476]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Interdorsal length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFE46BC2F10CB" box="[742,836,454,476]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">19.3</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFE46BB6610CB" box="[912,1037,454,476]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">15.4–20.2</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFE46BBD410CB" box="[1157,1215,454,476]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">18.2</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FE46BA7710CB" box="[1276,1308,454,476]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FE6FBA771312" box="[159,1308,495,517]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FE6FBED11312" box="[159,442,495,517]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Pre-anal length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFE6FBC2F1312" box="[742,836,495,517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">65.8</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFE6FBB661312" box="[912,1037,495,517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">62.9–68.7</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFE6FBBD41312" box="[1157,1215,495,517]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">66.7</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FE6FBA771312" box="[1276,1308,495,517]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FD98BA771339" box="[159,1308,536,558]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FD98BED11339" box="[159,442,536,558]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Thoracic length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFD98BC2F1339" box="[742,836,536,558]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">23.5</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFD98BB661339" box="[912,1037,536,558]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">21.6–26.3</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFD98BBD41339" box="[1157,1215,536,558]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">23.7</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FD98BA771339" box="[1276,1308,536,558]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FDC0BA771341" box="[159,1308,576,598]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FDC0BED11341" box="[159,442,576,598]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Abdominal length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFDC0BC2F1341" box="[742,836,576,598]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">22.9</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFDC0BB661341" box="[912,1037,576,598]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">21.0–25.6</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFDC0BBD41341" box="[1157,1215,576,598]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">23.2</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FDC0BA771341" box="[1276,1308,576,598]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FDE9BA771368" box="[159,1308,617,639]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FDE9BED11368" box="[159,442,617,639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Caudal peduncle length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFDE9BC2F1368" box="[742,836,617,639]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">31.3</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFDE9BB661368" box="[912,1037,617,639]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">27.1–32.7</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFDE9BBD41368" box="[1157,1215,617,639]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">30.7</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FDE9BA771368" box="[1276,1308,617,639]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FD11BA7713B0" box="[159,1308,657,679]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FD11BED113B0" box="[159,442,657,679]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFD11BC2F13B0" box="[742,836,657,679]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">10.4</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFD11BB6613B0" box="[912,1037,657,679]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">9.6–11.1</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFD11BBD413B0" box="[1157,1215,657,679]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">10.3</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FD11BA7713B0" box="[1276,1308,657,679]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FD3ABA7713C7" box="[159,1308,698,720]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FD3ABED113C7" box="[159,442,698,720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Dorsal-fin spine length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFD3ABC2F13C7" box="[742,836,698,720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">25.4</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFD3ABB6613C7" box="[912,1037,698,720]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">23.4–31.1</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFD3ABBD413C7" box="[1157,1215,698,720]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">26.6</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FD3ABA7713C7" box="[1276,1308,698,720]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">2.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FD62BA7713EF" box="[159,1308,738,760]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FD62BED113EF" box="[159,442,738,760]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Folded dorsal-fin length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFD62BC2F13EF" box="[742,836,738,760]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">38.9</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFD62BB6613EF" box="[912,1037,738,760]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">36.4–43.2</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFD62BBD413EF" box="[1157,1215,738,760]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">39.7</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FD62BA7713EF" box="[1276,1308,738,760]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FC8BBA771236" box="[159,1308,779,801]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FC8BBED11236" box="[159,442,779,801]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Dorsal-fin base length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFC8BBC2F1236" box="[742,836,779,801]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">23.4</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFC8BBB661236" box="[912,1037,779,801]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">21.4–24.8</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFC8BBBD41236" box="[1157,1215,779,801]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">23.2</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FC8BBA771236" box="[1276,1308,779,801]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FCB3BA77125E" box="[159,1308,819,841]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FCB3BED1125E" box="[159,442,819,841]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Anal-fin spine length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFCB3BC2F125E" box="[742,836,819,841]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">10.4</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFCB3BB66125E" box="[912,1037,819,841]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">7.6–12.4</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFCB3BBD4125E" box="[1157,1215,819,841]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">10.0</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FCB3BA77125E" box="[1276,1308,819,841]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FCDCBA771265" box="[159,1308,860,882]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FCDCBED11265" box="[159,442,860,882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Anal-fin base length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFCDCBC2F1265" box="[742,836,860,882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">3.5</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFCDCBB661265" box="[912,1037,860,882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">2.5–4.1</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFCDCBBD41265" box="[1157,1215,860,882]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">3.2</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FCDCBA771265" box="[1276,1308,860,882]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FC04BA77128D" box="[159,1308,900,922]" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FC04BED1128D" box="[159,442,900,922]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Pectoral-fin spine length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFC04BC2F128D" box="[742,836,900,922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">31.0</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFC04BB66128D" box="[912,1037,900,922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">29.1–34.4</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFC04BBD4128D" box="[1157,1215,900,922]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">31.3</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FC04BA77128D" box="[1276,1308,900,922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FC2DBA7712D4" box="[159,1308,941,963]" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FC2DBED112D4" box="[159,442,941,963]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Pelvic-fin spine length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFC2DBC2F12D4" box="[742,836,941,963]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">22.9</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFC2DBB6612D4" box="[912,1037,941,963]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">22.3–27.7</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFC2DBBD412D4" box="[1157,1215,941,963]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">24.9</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FC2DBA7712D4" box="[1276,1308,941,963]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FC55BA7712FC" box="[159,1308,981,1003]" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FC55BED112FC" box="[159,442,981,1003]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Upper caudal-fin ray length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFC55BC2F12FC" box="[742,836,981,1003]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">26.2</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFC55BB6612FC" box="[912,1037,981,1003]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">21.3–28.5</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFC55BBD412FC" box="[1157,1215,981,1003]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">24.2</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FC55BA7712FC" box="[1276,1308,981,1003]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">2.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FC7EBA771503" box="[159,1308,1022,1044]" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FC7EBED11503" box="[159,442,1022,1044]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Lower caudal-fin ray length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFC7EBC2F1503" box="[742,836,1022,1044]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">31.3</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFC7EBB661503" box="[912,1037,1022,1044]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">28.6–37.3</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFC7EBBD41503" box="[1157,1215,1022,1044]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">32.2</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FC7EBA771503" box="[1276,1308,1022,1044]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">2.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FBA6BA77152B" box="[159,1308,1062,1084]" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FBA6BED1152B" box="[159,442,1062,1084]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Adipose-fin spine length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFBA6BC2F152B" box="[742,836,1062,1084]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">8.5</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFBA6BB66152B" box="[912,1037,1062,1084]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">7.5–10.0</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFBA6BBD4152B" box="[1157,1215,1062,1084]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">8.8</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FBA6BA77152B" box="[1276,1308,1062,1084]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FBCFBA771572" box="[159,1308,1103,1125]" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FBCFBED11572" box="[159,442,1103,1125]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Body depth at dorsal origin</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFBCFBC2F1572" box="[742,836,1103,1125]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">21.0</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFBCFBB661572" box="[912,1037,1103,1125]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">17.4–23.3</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFBCFBBD41572" box="[1157,1215,1103,1125]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">20.1</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FBCFBA771572" box="[1276,1308,1103,1125]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FBF8BA771599" box="[159,1308,1144,1166]" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FBF8BED11599" box="[159,442,1144,1166]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Cleithral width</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFBF8BC2F1599" box="[742,836,1144,1166]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">30.3</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFBF8BB661599" box="[912,1037,1144,1166]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">29.5–33.4</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFBF8BBD41599" box="[1157,1215,1144,1166]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">30.7</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FBF8BA771599" box="[1276,1308,1144,1166]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FB20BA7715A1" box="[159,1308,1184,1206]" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="228" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FB20BED115A1" box="[159,442,1184,1206]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Percents of head length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FB49BA7715C8" box="[159,1308,1225,1247]" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FB49BED115C8" box="[159,442,1225,1247]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Head depth</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFB49BC2F15C8" box="[742,836,1225,1247]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">56.5</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFB49BB6615C8" box="[912,1037,1225,1247]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">52.4–60.5</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFB49BBD415C8" box="[1157,1215,1225,1247]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">55.7</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FB49BA7715C8" box="[1276,1308,1225,1247]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FB71BA771410" box="[159,1308,1265,1287]" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FB71BED11410" box="[159,442,1265,1287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Snout length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFB71BC2F1410" box="[742,836,1265,1287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">66.1</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFB71BB661410" box="[912,1037,1265,1287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">62.0–69.5</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFB71BBD41410" box="[1157,1215,1265,1287]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">65.4</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FB71BA771410" box="[1276,1308,1265,1287]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FA9ABA771427" box="[159,1308,1306,1328]" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FA9ABED11427" box="[159,442,1306,1328]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Snout-opercle length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFA9ABC2F1427" box="[742,836,1306,1328]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">76.9</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFA9ABB661427" box="[912,1037,1306,1328]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">71.8–80.0</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFA9ABBD41427" box="[1157,1215,1306,1328]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">75.9</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FA9ABA771427" box="[1276,1308,1306,1328]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FAC2BA77144F" box="[159,1308,1346,1368]" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FAC2BED1144F" box="[159,442,1346,1368]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Orbital diameter</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFAC2BC2F144F" box="[742,836,1346,1368]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">14.1</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFAC2BB66144F" box="[912,1037,1346,1368]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">12.2–16.7</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFAC2BBD4144F" box="[1157,1215,1346,1368]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">14.8</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FAC2BA77144F" box="[1276,1308,1346,1368]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FAEBBA771496" box="[159,1308,1387,1409]" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FAEBBED11496" box="[159,442,1387,1409]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Interorbital width</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFAEBBC2F1496" box="[742,836,1387,1409]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">40.2</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFAEBBB661496" box="[912,1037,1387,1409]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">35.6–41.6</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFAEBBBD41496" box="[1157,1215,1387,1409]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">38.8</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FAEBBA771496" box="[1276,1308,1387,1409]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FA14BA7714BD" box="[159,1308,1428,1450]" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FA14BED114BD" box="[159,442,1428,1450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Mouth width</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFA14BC2F14BD" box="[742,836,1428,1450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">54.8</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFA14BB6614BD" box="[912,1037,1428,1450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">49.7–61.1</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFA14BBD414BD" box="[1157,1215,1428,1450]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">55.7</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FA14BA7714BD" box="[1276,1308,1428,1450]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">2.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FA3CBA7714C5" box="[159,1308,1468,1490]" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FA3CBED114C5" box="[159,442,1468,1490]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Mandibular ramus length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFA3CBC2F14C5" box="[742,836,1468,1490]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">17.6</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFA3CBB6614C5" box="[912,1037,1468,1490]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">16.7–22.3</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFA3CBBD414C5" box="[1157,1215,1468,1490]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">19.0</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FA3CBA7714C5" box="[1276,1308,1468,1490]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4FA64BA7714ED" box="[159,1308,1508,1530]" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4FA64BED114ED" box="[159,442,1508,1530]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Premaxillary ramus length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DFA64BC2F14ED" box="[742,836,1508,1530]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">17.9</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBFA64BB6614ED" box="[912,1037,1508,1530]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">16.0–21.3</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEFA64BBD414ED" box="[1157,1215,1508,1530]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">19.0</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287FA64BA7714ED" box="[1276,1308,1508,1530]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AE8D34F4083E004FC6E4F98DBA771734" box="[159,1308,1549,1571]" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
<th id="ED5C5D88083E004FC6E4F98DBED11734" box="[159,442,1549,1571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">Maxillary barbel length</th>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC49DF98DBC2F1734" box="[742,836,1549,1571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">11.8</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC5EBF98DBB661734" box="[912,1037,1549,1571]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">6.9–13.7</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC2FEF98DBBD41734" box="[1157,1215,1549,1571]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">10.7</td>
<td id="ED5C5D88083E004FC287F98DBA771734" box="[1276,1308,1549,1571]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">1.7</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100236B6083EFFB6C6BCF9E7BCF410BB" blockId="5.[151,1436,1639,2024]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="5" pageNumber="228">
Body covered with five lateral rows of moderately spinulous dermal plates. Head completely plated dorsally, except for small naked area on snout tip that continues ventrally to margin of upper lip and small areas around nares. Ornamentation of compound pterotic usually similar to remaining surface of head. Dorsal-fin base not covered by plates. Median series of plates bearing lateral-line canals. Dorsal series of plates starting posteriorly, at vertical through dorsal-fin origin, flattened between end of dorsal-fin base and adipose-fin spine. Ventral series of plates usually starting above or slightly posterior to origin of pelvic-fin base. Nineteen (1), 20(5), 21*(32), or 22(3) dorsal plates; 23(2), 24*(37) or 25(2) mid-dorsal plates; 24(2), 25(7) or 26*(27) median plates; 25(18), 26*(25) or 27(2) mid-ventral plates; 19 (1), 20(8), 21*(26) or 22(6) ventral plates; 11(1), 12(8) or 13*(25), or 14(1) plates between anal and caudal fins. Three predorsal plates; seven*(19) or eight (22) plates below dorsal-fin base; five (22) or six*(19) paired plates between dorsal and adipose fins. Aligned odontodes covering most of lateral plates, forming parallel to somewhat divergent rows usually more conspicuous on posterior half of body; odontodes slightly stronger on posterior borders of plates. Absence of keels on trunk plates. Odontodes on head usually smaller than ones on trunk and not forming rows. Ventral surface of head usually with small triangular patches of platelets close to the opercular apertures in larger specimens and mostly naked in specimens around 110.0 mm SL or smaller. Degree of covering of the abdominal surface increasing ontogenetically. Middle to large-sized specimens (around 130.0 mm SL or larger) usually with a roughly triangular patch of platelets, wider anteriorly and tapering gradually posteriorly, leaving large lateral naked areas around pelvic-fin insertions; narrow median patch of platelets reaching posterior to pelvic-fin base but not reaching anus. Small specimens (around 100.0 mm SL or smaller) with abdominal surface almost or completely naked (
<figureCitation id="88862A33083DFFB6C536FE14BCFA10BB" box="[845,913,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1607,1629]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,1136,1585]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,1136,1586]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Head and anterior portion of body in ventral view of Hypostomus leucophaeus, (a) MZUSP 119842, 158.2 mm SL, (b) MZUSP 119842, 132.9 mm SL, (c) MZUSP 119842, 100.4 mm SL, showing the variation of presence and arrangement of platelets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257165/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100236B6083DFFB6C6BCFE37BBCB1203" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Dorsal-fin II,7 (41), its origin situated on vertical anterior to pelvic-fin origin and approximately at mid-length of pectoral-fin spine. Tips of last dorsal-fin rays usually reaching anterior border of preadipose plate or, more rarely, the anterior border of adipose-fin spine. Margin of dorsal-fin slightly convex. Adipose-fin spine narrow, slightly curved ventrally. Pectoral-fin I,6 (41), its posterior margin straight; distal portion of pectoral-fin spine with odontodes distinctly larger and curved, more conspicuous on larger specimens. Tip of pectoral-fin spine reaching from first third to mid-length of pelvic-fin spine. Pectoral-fin spine resting on top of pelvic-fin when adpressed. Pelvic-fin I,5 (41), its posterior margin somewhat rounded to straight. Tip of pelvic-fin reaching first third of length of anal-fin spine. Anal-fin I,3(3) or I,4(38), its border slightly rounded and reaching fourth or fifth plate after its origin. Caudal-fin i,12,i (1), i,13,i(4)or i,14,i*(34), its posterior margin concave and its lower lobe distinctly longer than upper. All fin rays covered by odontodes, larger on the spines. Thirty one vertebrae (1).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100236B6083DFFB6C6BCFC9FBEE515FF" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083DFFB6C6BCFC9FBEFB122F" bold="true" box="[199,400,799,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
Overall ground color of dorsal and lateral surface of head and body light brown or grayish (
<figureCitation id="88862A33083DFFB6C6E4FCC4BF8D124B" box="[159,230,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hypostomus leucophaeus, holotype, MZUSP 119822, 131.2 mm SL, rio Itapicuru, Rio Real, Bahia, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257163/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Head covered with small dark inconspicuous spots, forming a somewhat reticulate pattern in some specimens; diameter of spots around half of pupil diameter. Body usually with inconspicuous dark spots, similar in size or slightly larger than those on head; spots more or exclusively visible on anterior half of trunk and posterior half of trunk usually uniformly grayish. Ground color of fins light-brown to grayish. Dorsal fin with dark spots, distinctly larger and somewhat more conspicuous than those of head and body; spots usually distributed in one series in each interradial membrane, except in some larger specimens with two series; membranes with seven or eight spots on larger specimens, and three or four spots on smaller specimens. Spots over paired fins usually somewhat smaller than those of dorsal-fin, usually one series per interradial membrane in larger specimens and two series in smaller ones. Caudal fin uniformly grayish in some specimens or with inconspicuous dark spots, usually not organized in bars. Spots over anal and adipose fins small and inconspicuous, when present. Ventral surface of head and body whitish, usually without spots except by a few specimens with inconspicuous dark spots on area between pectoral fins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100236B6083DFFB6C6BCFB74BCA61427" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083DFFB6C6BCFB74BE08141A" bold="true" box="[199,355,1268,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Color in life.</emphasis>
Color pattern of freshly collected specimens similar to that in preserved specimens, but with higher contrast between dark spots and light brown ground color (
<figureCitation id="88862A33083DFFB6C501FA97BCAB1427" box="[890,960,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1034,1056]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1012]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,193,1012]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hypostomus leucophaeus, paratype, MZUSP 119842, 158.2 mm SL, rio Itapicuru around 10 km from Altamira, Fazenda Coqueiro, Conde, Bahia, Brazil. Photographed alive." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257164/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A7653D083DFFB6C6BCFABCBBF4146F" pageId="6" pageNumber="229" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="100236B6083DFFB6C6BCFABCBBF4146F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083DFFB6C6BCFABCBE251442" bold="true" box="[199,334,1340,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083DFFB6C442FABCBDAE1442" box="[569,709,1340,1365]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083DFFB6C442FABCBDAE1442" box="[569,709,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Latin, meaning ash-colored, dun. Used here in allusion to the faint spotted pattern and overall light brown to grayish body coloration of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A7653D083DFFB6C6BCFA04BE6F165A" pageId="6" pageNumber="229" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100236B6083DFFB6C6BCFA04BE9014D7" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083DFFB6C6BCFA04BE0B148A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1412,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Distribution.</emphasis>
The new species is known from rio Itapicuru basin, a drainage located in the northern portion of the Bahia State, 
<collectingCountry id="68AA7626083DFFB6C735FA27BEFD14D7" box="[334,406,1447,1472]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. (
<figureCitation id="88862A33083DFFB6C7D2FA27BE8514D7" box="[425,494,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,885,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,877,1961]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of Hypostomus leucophaeus (white dot for type locality)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257166/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100236B6083DFFB6C6BCFA4CBE6F165A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083DFFB6C6BCFA4CBD7414F2" bold="true" box="[199,543,1484,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Habitat and ecological notes.</emphasis>
Specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083DFFB6C4BFFA4DBC8914F2" box="[708,994,1484,1509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083DFFB6C4BFFA4DBC8914F2" box="[708,994,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were captured in the rio Itapicuru (
<figureCitation id="88862A33083DFFB6C314FA4CBFCE171F" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,997,1019]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,975]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[152,1435,193,975]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Collection site of Hypostomus leucophaeus, rio Itapicuru, Fazenda Coqueiro, Conde, Bahia, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257167/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) and its tributaries, in stretches of up to 
<quantity id="D7459B53083DFFB6C415FA6FBDC3171F" box="[622,680,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
wide and 
<quantity id="D7459B53083DFFB6C566FA70BC35171F" box="[797,862,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1.8">1.8 m</quantity>
deep, with rocky bottom, usually clear water, mild to fast water current, and at altitudes ranging from 38 to 449 meters above sea level. The headwaters of the rio Itapicuru are included in the Chapada Diamantina domain, where remnants of semi-deciduous seasonal forests and Campos Rupestre, and the lower coastal portion of the river is under humid climate and surrounded by remnants of Atlantic Forest. The remaining portions, about 80% including upper to middle sectors of the river basin, is inserted in the semiarid domain, with severe drought periods, intermittent flow in the river and its tributaries (
<bibRefCitation id="742C4B47083DFFB6C377F924BE6917F7" author="Mestrinho" pageId="6" pageNumber="229" refString="Mestrinho, S. S. P., Reitemajer, D., Porciuncula, D. C. &amp; Lyrio, R. (2007) In: Water Resources Management. (Ed.), Evaluation of the Surface Water Quality in the Itapicuru River Basin - State of Bahia, Brazil. v. 103. WIT Press. Southampton, pp. 133 - 141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2495 / wrm 070141" type="journal article" year="2007">
Mestrinho 
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083DFFB6C3F3F925BFC617F7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">et al</emphasis>
., 2007
</bibRefCitation>
), and riparian vegetation dominated by pastures or areas of Caatinga. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083DFFB6C238F949BA0E17F7" box="[1091,1381,1735,1760]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083DFFB6C238F949BA0E17F7" box="[1091,1381,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected mainly in the upper and lower portions of the basin. Most of the areas sampled were impacted by anthropic activities as construction of water reservoirs for cattle and human use. No congener occurs in the rio Itapicuru.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A7653D083DFFB7C6BCF8D7BFB1122F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="6" pageNumber="229" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="100236B6083DFFB6C6BCF8D7BAF716CB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083DFFB6C6BCF8D7BE501667" bold="true" box="[199,315,1879,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083DFFB6C738F8D9BD0A1667" box="[323,609,1879,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083DFFB6C738F8D9BD0A1667" box="[323,609,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses overall external morphology relatively similar to the congener 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083DFFB6C6ECF8FDBF961682" box="[151,253,1916,1941]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnii">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083DFFB6C6ECF8FDBF961682" box="[151,253,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">H. johnii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sharing the body covered by inconspicuous dark spots and the lower caudal-fin lobe distinctly longer than upper lobe. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083DFFB6C722F821BD4516AE" box="[345,558,1952,1977]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnii">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083DFFB6C722F821BD4516AE" box="[345,558,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Hypostomus johnii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from the rio Puty (
<bibRefCitation id="742C4B47083DFFB6C5CCF820BF8B16CA" author="Steindachner" pageId="6" pageNumber="229" refString="Steindachner, F. (1877) Die Susswasserfische des Sudostlichen Brasilien. III. Sitzungsberichten der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftiche Klasse, 74, 559 - 694." type="journal article" year="1877">
Steindachner, 1877: 692; = rio Poti, Piauí, 
<collectingCountry id="68AA7626083DFFB6C6ECF844BF8B16CA" box="[151,224,1988,2013]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</bibRefCitation>
), a tributary of Rio Parnaíba and Rio Preto, the latter possibly a tributary of Rio São Francisco. Anyway, 
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083DFFB6C3FAF845BAF716CB" box="[1409,1436,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="229">H.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100236B6083CFFB7C6ECFF17BA58100A" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083CFFB7C6ECFF17BE4811A7" box="[151,291,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C6ECFF17BE4811A7" box="[151,291,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is diagnosed from 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083CFFB7C47EFF19BD0011A7" box="[517,619,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnii">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C47EFF19BD0011A7" box="[517,619,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">H. johnii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having area posterior to pelvic-fin base devoid of platelets or with narrow median stripe of platelets not reaching anus (
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C49AFF3DBD9311C3" box="[737,760,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">vs</emphasis>
. presence of broad plated area posterior to pelvic-fin base to anus), comparatively lower number of teeth on premaxilla (see Diagnosis), and caudal fin mostly uniformly colored, without conspicuous spots (vs. presence of spots on caudal fin sometimes forming vertical bars).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100236B6083CFFB7C6BCFEA8BFB1122F" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">
A recent study of the fish species distributions of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion (NMAF ecoregion 
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C70AFECDBEC41073" box="[369,431,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="742C4B47083CFFB7C7C3FECCBDE81073" author="Abell" box="[440,643,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" refString="Abell, R., Thieme M. L, Revenga, C., Bryer, M., Kottelat, M., Bogutskaya, N., Coad, B., Mandrak, N., Balderas, S. C, Bussing, W., Stiassny, M. L. J., Skelton P., Allen, G. R., Unmack, P., Naseka, A., Ng, R., Sindorf, N., Robertson, J., Armijo, E., Higgins, J. V., Heibel, T. J., Wikramanayake, E., Olson, D., Lopez, H. L., Reis, R. E., Lundberg, J. G., Perez, M. H. S. &amp; Petry, P. (2008) Freshwater ecoregions of the world: A new map of biogeographic units for freshwater biodiversity conservation. Bioscience, 58, 403 - 414. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1641 / B 580507" type="journal article" year="2008">
Abell 
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C784FECDBD591072" box="[511,562,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</bibRefCitation>
) and the fish fauna shared with adjacent ecoregions by 
<bibRefCitation id="742C4B47083CFFB7C37FFECCBE53109F" author="Camelier" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" refString="Camelier, P. &amp; Zanata, A. M. (2014) Biogeography of freshwater fishes from the Northeastern Mata Atlantica freshwater ecoregion: distribution, endemism, and area relationships. Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (4), 683 - 698. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / 1982 - 0224 - 20130228" type="journal article" year="2014">Camelier and Zanata (2014)</bibRefCitation>
, listed 21 species shared exclusively between the NMAF and the São Francisco ecoregion (without considering species that are widely distributed and taxonomically problematic species, such as 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083CFFB7C2B0FE14BA3410BA" box="[1227,1375,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C2B0FE14BA3410BA" box="[1227,1375,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">Characidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083CFFB7C6ECFE39BE4910C7" box="[151,290,441,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C6ECFE39BE4910C7" box="[151,290,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">Hypostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083CFFB7C713FE37BD7D10C7" box="[360,534,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C713FE37BD7D10C7" box="[360,534,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">Trichomycterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.). Most of the shared species occur in rivers of the northern portion of the NMAF, such as the rio Itapicuru and the rio Paraguaçu. According to the authors, of the 24 studied drainages, the rio Itapicuru basin has the greatest ichthyofaunal similarity to the rio São Francisco basin. Of the 21 species shared only between the two cited ecoregions, 13 occur in the rio Itapicuru basin and four of them occur exclusively in these two basins (
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083CFFB7C71CFDC7BCF71377" authority="Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann" authorityName="Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann" box="[359,924,583,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Curimatidae" genus="Curimatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidura">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C71CFDC7BD331377" box="[359,600,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">Curimatella lepidura</emphasis>
(Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083CFFB7C5D5FDC7BAFE1377" authority="Eigenmann" authorityName="Eigenmann" box="[942,1429,583,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="micropterus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C5D5FDC7BB931377" box="[942,1272,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">Hyphessobrycon micropterus</emphasis>
(Eigenmann)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083CFFB7C6ECFDEDBEB01392" authority="Lutken" authorityName="Lutken" box="[151,475,620,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reinhardti">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C6ECFDEDBEEB1392" box="[151,384,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">Leporinus reinhardti</emphasis>
Lütken
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083CFFB7C462FDECBCCE1392" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[537,933,620,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Prochilodontidae" genus="Prochilodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costatus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C462FDECBC6E1393" box="[537,773,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">Prochilodus costatus</emphasis>
Valenciennes
</taxonomicName>
), attesting to similarities at the species level between the two drainages. Although 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083CFFB7C43AFD11BC3413BF" box="[577,863,655,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C43AFD11BC3413BF" box="[577,863,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses similarities with congeners from rio São Francisco basin, particularly 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083CFFB7C7A4FD35BD2F13DA" box="[479,580,692,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnii">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C7A4FD35BD2F13DA" box="[479,580,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">H. johnii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ongoing revisionary studies by the senior author (AMZ) reveals no shared species of 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083CFFB7C766FD59BECC13E7" box="[285,423,729,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C766FD59BECC13E7" box="[285,423,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">Hypostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
between São Francisco basin and coastal rivers draining Bahia State. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083CFFB7C36AFD59BE481202" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C36AFD59BE481202" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species of the genus to occur in the rio Itapicuru basin and is apparently endemic to that basin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="44C2663E083CFFB7C6ECF83EBB3816C3" box="[151,1107,1982,2004]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257166/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" targetBox="[156,1428,885,1952]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="100236B6083CFFB7C6ECF83EBB3816C3" blockId="7.[151,1107,1982,2004]" box="[151,1107,1982,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C6ECF83EBE7916C4" bold="true" box="[151,274,1982,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D35083CFFB7C457F83FBC4516C4" box="[556,814,1982,2004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA4083CFFB7C457F83FBC4516C4" box="[556,814,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="230">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(white dot for type locality).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="44C2663E0833FFB8C6ECFC65BA6C12EC" box="[151,1287,997,1019]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257167/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" targetBox="[152,1435,193,975]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="100236B60833FFB8C6ECFC65BA6C12EC" blockId="8.[151,1287,997,1019]" box="[151,1287,997,1019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C6ECFC65BE6612ED" bold="true" box="[151,269,997,1019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. Collection site of 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C7B6FC66BDA412ED" box="[461,719,997,1019]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C7B6FC66BDA412ED" box="[461,719,997,1019]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus leucophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, rio Itapicuru, Fazenda Coqueiro, Conde, Bahia, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58A7653D0833FFB8C6BCFBA2BCA7176C" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="100236B60833FFB8C6BCFBA2BCA7176C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1058,1659]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C6BCFBA2BD3E152C" bold="true" box="[199,597,1058,1083]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Comparative material examined.</emphasis>
All listed specimens are from 
<collectingCountry id="68AA76260833FFB8C5C1FBA2BC95152C" box="[954,1022,1058,1083]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and alcohol-preserved. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C36AFBA3BFB61548" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C36AFBA3BFB61548" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C694FBC7BE271548" box="[239,332,1095,1119]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">MZUSP</collectionCode>
51716, 2, 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C7B7FBC7BD191549" box="[460,626,1095,1119]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.584999999999999" metricValueMax="8.879999999999999" metricValueMin="8.290000000000001" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="85.85" valueMax="88.8" valueMin="82.9">82.9–88.8 mm</quantity>
SL, Espírito Santo, rio Doce; 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C5ACFBC7BB5F1548" box="[983,1076,1095,1119]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">MZUSP</collectionCode>
94029, 1, 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C2CFFBC6BA701549" box="[1204,1307,1094,1119]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="75.4">75.4 mm</quantity>
SL, Minas Gerais, rio Mucuri. 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C701FBEBBEAE1594" box="[378,453,1131,1155]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">UFBA</collectionCode>
5041, 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C46DFBEBBDCC1595" box="[534,679,1130,1155]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1705999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="1170.6">1, 170.6 mm</quantity>
SL, Bahia, rio Mucuri. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C5C0FBEBBBF81594" box="[955,1171,1130,1155]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C5C0FBEBBBF81594" box="[955,1171,1130,1155]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus alatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C2DFFBEBBB841594" box="[1188,1263,1131,1155]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">UFBA</collectionCode>
7842, 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C344FBEBBFA815B1" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2879" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="1287.9">1, 287.9 mm</quantity>
SL, Alagoas, rio São Francisco. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C43EFB0FBC3D15B0" box="[581,854,1166,1191]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C43EFB0FBC3D15B0" box="[581,854,1166,1191]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus brevicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C513FB0FBCD715B1" box="[872,956,1167,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">BMNH</collectionCode>
1864.1.19.16–17, 2 
<typeStatus id="CF0688140833FFB8C2D7FB0EBA7915B0" box="[1196,1298,1166,1191]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
,189.0- 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C325FB0EBFA815DD" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9609999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="196.1">196.1 mm</quantity>
SL, Bahia. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C735FB33BD1815DC" box="[334,627,1202,1227]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysostiktos">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C735FB33BD1815DC" box="[334,627,1202,1227]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus chrysostiktos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C4FFFB33BDA415DC" box="[644,719,1203,1227]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">UFBA</collectionCode>
4292, 6 
<typeStatus id="CF0688140833FFB8C54CFB33BCCE15DC" box="[823,933,1203,1227]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 109.0– 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C27AFB33BB1F15DD" box="[1025,1140,1203,1227]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.344" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="134.4">134.4 mm</quantity>
SL, Bahia, rio Paraguaçu basin. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C69DFB57BEB515F8" box="[230,478,1239,1263]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="francisci">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C69DFB57BEB515F8" box="[230,478,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus francisci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C78FFB57BD5415F8" box="[500,575,1239,1263]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">UFBA</collectionCode>
4191, 2, 264.4– 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C57DFB56BC1515F9" box="[774,894,1238,1263]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.658" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="265.8">265.8 mm</quantity>
SL, Alagoas, rio São Francisco. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C36AFB57BF891405" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C36AFB57BF891405" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C689FB7BBE241404" box="[242,335,1275,1299]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">MZUSP</collectionCode>
90870, 
<typeStatus id="CF0688140833FFB8C7D4FB7ABD7F1404" box="[431,532,1274,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C45AFB7ABDFE1405" box="[545,661,1274,1299]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.638" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="163.8">163.8 mm</quantity>
SL, Bahia, rio Paraguaçu; 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C5B5FB7BBB401404" box="[974,1067,1275,1299]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">MZUSP</collectionCode>
90870, 5 
<typeStatus id="CF0688140833FFB8C2D9FB7BBA7B1404" box="[1186,1296,1275,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C365FB7ABFA81421" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.145" metricValueMax="1.605" metricValueMin="0.6849999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="114.5" valueMax="160.5" valueMin="68.5">68.5–160.5 mm</quantity>
SL, Bahia, rio Paraguaçu; 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C789FA9FBD241420" box="[498,591,1311,1335]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">MZUSP</collectionCode>
91653, 1 
<typeStatus id="CF0688140833FFB8C4BBFA9FBC481420" box="[704,803,1311,1335]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C555FA9FBCCA1421" box="[814,929,1311,1335]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.281" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="128.1">128.1 mm</quantity>
SL, Bahia, rio Paraguaçu basin. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C36AFA9FBFA2144C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C36AFA9FBFA2144C" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus lima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C6A3FAC3BE48144C" box="[216,291,1347,1371]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">UFBA</collectionCode>
2046, 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C70BFAC3BE94144D" box="[368,511,1346,1371]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1362" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="1136.2">1, 136.2 mm</quantity>
SL, Bahia, rio São Francisco basin. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C5E1FAC3BBE0144D" box="[922,1163,1347,1370]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrops">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C5E1FAC3BBE0144D" box="[922,1163,1347,1370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus macrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C2E1FAC3BB8E144C" box="[1178,1253,1347,1371]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">UFBA</collectionCode>
6622, 3, 202.0– 288.0 mm SL, Alagoas, rio São Francisco. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C407FAE7BC041469" box="[636,879,1383,1406]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusarum">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C407FAE7BC041469" box="[636,879,1383,1406]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus pusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C505FAE7BCA21468" box="[894,969,1383,1407]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">UFBA</collectionCode>
3824, 3, 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C248FAE7BB8F1469" box="[1075,1252,1383,1407]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.605" metricValueMax="10.79" metricValueMin="8.42" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="96.05" valueMax="107.9" valueMin="84.2">84.2–107.9 mm</quantity>
SL, Rio Grande do Norte, rio Seridó. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C7E8FA0BBDCB14B4" box="[403,672,1418,1443]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabriceps">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C7E8FA0BBDCB14B4" box="[403,672,1418,1443]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus scabriceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C4C8FA0BBC7B14B4" box="[691,784,1419,1443]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">MZUSP</collectionCode>
51752, 1, 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C5E9FA0BBC9114B5" box="[914,1018,1419,1443]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.32" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="73.2">73.2 mm</quantity>
SL, Espírito Santo, rio São Mateus basin. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C69FFA2FBD6014D0" box="[228,523,1454,1479]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subcarinatus">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C69FFA2FBD6014D0" box="[228,523,1454,1479]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus subcarinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C466FA2FBD0314D0" box="[541,616,1455,1479]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">UFBA</collectionCode>
6360, 2, 127.8– 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C550FA2EBCC914D1" box="[811,930,1454,1479]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6119999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="161.2">161.2 mm</quantity>
SL, Bahia, rio São Francisco. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C36AFA2FBFA614FD" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unae">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C36AFA2FBFA614FD" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus unae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C6A7FA53BE5B14FD" box="[220,304,1491,1514]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">BMNH</collectionCode>
1862.11.23.12, 1 
<typeStatus id="CF0688140833FFB8C783FA53BD3914FC" box="[504,594,1491,1515]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C427FA53BDA514FD" box="[604,718,1491,1515]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.047" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="104.7">104.7 mm</quantity>
SL, Bahia; 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C52AFA53BCF714FC" box="[849,924,1491,1515]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">UFBA</collectionCode>
5257, 10, 113.0–183.0 mm SL, Bahia, rio das Almas; 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C694FA77BE511718" box="[239,314,1527,1551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">UFBA</collectionCode>
5718, 7, 77.5–102.0 mm SL, Bahia, rio das Almas basin; 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C5B5FA77BB721718" box="[974,1049,1527,1551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">UFBA</collectionCode>
6993, 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C21CFA77BB9D1719" box="[1127,1270,1526,1551]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1365" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="1136.5">1, 136.5 mm</quantity>
SL, Bahia, rio Una. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C6ADF99BBED41724" box="[214,447,1562,1587]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vailanti">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C6ADF99BBED41724" box="[214,447,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus vailanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C7AAF99BBD771724" box="[465,540,1563,1587]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">UFBA</collectionCode>
6099, 6, 52.8–120.0 mm SL, Bahia, rio São Francisco basin; 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C291F99BBA5E1724" box="[1258,1333,1563,1587]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">UFBA</collectionCode>
6565, 1, 185.0 mm SL, Bahia, rio São Francisco basin. 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD4D350833FFB8C4CCF9BFBCD01740" box="[695,955,1598,1623]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wuchereri">
<emphasis id="22C9EAA40833FFB8C4CCF9BFBCD01740" box="[695,955,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus wuchereri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C5B6F9BFBB4A1741" box="[973,1057,1599,1622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">BMNH</collectionCode>
1863.3.27.15, 1 
<typeStatus id="CF0688140833FFB8C29DF9BEBA3B1740" box="[1254,1360,1598,1623]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C326F9BFBFA8176D" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.038" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="203.8">203.8 mm</quantity>
SL, Bahia; 
<collectionCode id="76ACAE730833FFB8C733F9E3BEF7176D" box="[328,412,1635,1658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231">BMNH</collectionCode>
1852.9.13.128, 1 
<typeStatus id="CF0688140833FFB8C41CF9E2BDBA176C" box="[615,721,1634,1659]" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="D7459B530833FFB8C4A7F9E3BC25176D" box="[732,846,1635,1659]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.273" pageId="8" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="127.3">127.3 mm</quantity>
SL, Bahia.
</paragraph>
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