273 lines
37 KiB
XML
273 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="4FB19EB6055AACF83292C4F890A11251" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3691.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c566ff57-5a45-411c-98d9-0e65200455af" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="284237" ID-ZooBank="E98CE6DF-AF3B-4AAA-95CB-8ACD615C9FCC" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460649558648" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D. & Zibrowius, Helmut" docDate="2013" docId="955B87C9A165DD36FF22FF16F0D92D63" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03691p057.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3691 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Errina capensis Hickson 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="6962FFB1A175DD27FFB5FF81F2432F5F" masterDocTitle="Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698337733500" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="24C235CFCF824A2F27801DF6A9BFFC61" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FF27CC428696047B58C93036F28CDB9E">
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<mods:title id="9C74D25FA50E8E20ACBE1586C9FC8D02">Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="8E0F5162146C1040C08AB0DF76F4CF9C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F6FE574F078F43C1F6B8CCC7498A825F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FF4463D0008B4ADE7784C8F660884D08">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="077D0FBB36F4E5F45080A4B48AFF3B78" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="354C40501EF4AC1E1F61A0EA1C522126">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="606FF9D6E88ED399623C42255E56D3D2">Zibrowius, Helmut</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8D0D4B6E5CA9D673EF943B6430AC6988">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="41E63E3920D466977D90F7E2BBED5EBB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B70B30C4F84705E451677CABD6BDB4CF">
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<mods:date id="3B10DC5A387E1E22ADBDEBC500448C6E">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2C77B5D1A3CF1DF227C8D748E1783884" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="79EE8960E1309248D54D7C7D54990F6A">3691</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="574BF66FC1B38C7D9E5687DC8E768E04" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="FCBE83EA5CBDF33AF8139717FC64D1AC">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="9717325557D19F84B803246136D7D59D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="90C20BD37F8BB9015D5058BF2D3BF533" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3691.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B51891177DDDC4AA87409248F5FDBD2C" type="GBIF-Dataset">c566ff57-5a45-411c-98d9-0e65200455af</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="21862596FACB08020876B5E6C3AC4E1A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ADCB171E7B0BB9EC27202F73CDDB70B9" type="Zenodo-Dep">284237</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="955B87C9A165DD36FF22FF16F0D92D63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5619737" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127664946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5619737" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:955B87C9A165DD36FF22FF16F0D92D63" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/955B87C9A165DD36FF22FF16F0D92D63" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="55E86554A165DD37FF22FF16F1F62E09" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA165DD37FF22FF16F04E2FEE" blockId="16.[151,525,151,210]" box="[151,525,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="460581B3A165DD37FF22FF16F04E2FEE" bold="true" box="[151,525,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
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||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA165DD37FF22FF16F04E2FEE" ID-CoL="3B9KQ" authority="Hickson, 1912" authorityName="Hickson" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,525,151,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FF22FF16F04E2FEE" bold="true" box="[151,525,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FF22FF16F3152FEE" bold="true" box="[151,342,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Errina capensis</emphasis>
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Hickson, 1912
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA165DD37FF22FF3BF3332F8D" blockId="16.[151,525,151,210]" box="[151,368,186,210]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA165DD37FF22FF3BF29C2F8D" box="[151,223,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,357,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,347,1912]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Colonies of various species: A – B, Lepidopora diffusa, PF 13654. C, Inferiolabiata africana, holotype. D, Inferiolabiata lowei, PF 907. E, Inferiolabiata spinosa, Anton Bruun 420 A. F, Errina capensis, syntype, Manchester Museum. G, Errina capensis, MN XX 129, female. H, Gyropora africana, BM 1977.8. 5.1. I, Stylaster nobilis, PF 7014, 3 distal branches. J, Stylaster subviolaceus, PF 15675." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284238/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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G, 8A–K, 26
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA165DD37FF22FE82F1F62E09" blockId="16.[151,1437,258,403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA165DD37FF22FE82F0CB2E47" authority="Hickson, 1912: 886" authorityName="Hickson" authorityPageNumber="886" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,648,258,280]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis" subGenus="Labiopora">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FF22FE82F3F92E47" box="[151,442,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Errina (Labiopora) capensis</emphasis>
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Hickson, 1912: 886
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</taxonomicName>
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–887, 890, pl. 95, fig. 7, pl. 96, fig. 15.
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<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA165DD37FF22FEA3F0572E68" authority="Hickson, 1912: 894" authorityName="Hickson" authorityPageNumber="894" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,532,289,311]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FF22FEA3F3012E68" box="[151,322,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Errina capensis:</emphasis>
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Hickson, 1912: 894
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</taxonomicName>
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(listed).—Broch, 1942: 38, 40 (key).—Boschma, 1957: 52; 1963a: 337 (listed); 1966b: 112.—Cairns, 1983b: 428 (listed).—Williams, 1986: 14 (colour drawing).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="55E86554A165DD37FF22FEE1F1002D1B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA165DD37FF22FEE1F0142ECD" blockId="16.[151,1437,258,403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FF22FEE1F31A2E2B" box="[151,345,351,373]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA165DD37FF22FEE1F2982E2A" box="[151,219,352,373]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Errina</taxonomicName>
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(Eu-Errina)
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA165DD37FED5FEE1F02A2E2B" authority="Broch, 1942: 53" authorityName="Broch" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="1942" box="[352,617,350,373]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FED5FEE1F3832E2A" box="[352,448,352,373]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">capensis:</emphasis>
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Broch, 1942: 53
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</taxonomicName>
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–54, text-fig. 16, pl. 4, fig.15 (redescription).
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<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA165DD37FF22FEFFF0102ECD" authority="Broch, 1942: 91" authorityName="Broch" authorityPageNumber="91" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,595,381,403]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis" subGenus="Labiata">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FF22FEFFF3E52ECC" box="[151,422,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Errina (Labiata) capensis:</emphasis>
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Broch, 1942: 91
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA165DD37FF22FE41F1002D1B" blockId="16.[151,1437,447,2020]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FF22FE41F3822E87" bold="true" box="[151,449,447,472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA165DD37FF22FE41F2992E87" box="[151,218,448,472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Types</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA165DD37FEACFE41F3172E87" box="[281,340,448,472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality.
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</emphasis>
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Three female
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA165DD37FDDDFE41F08E2E87" box="[616,717,448,472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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, preserved in alcohol, are deposited at the MNHN; one
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA165DD37FAF0FE41F7DF2E87" box="[1349,1436,448,472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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||
branch (illustrated by Broch, 1942) is also deposited at the Zoological Museum, Oslo (B884); one
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA165DD37FAF0FE64F7DF2EA2" box="[1349,1436,485,509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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||
fragment is at the Manchester Museum; and one
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||
<typeStatus id="C249887DA165DD37FD0AFD89F1552D7F" box="[703,790,520,544]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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||
fragment is at the BM (1950.1.11.90).
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA165DD37FB65FD89F74B2D7F" box="[1232,1288,520,544]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
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||
Locality: off Cape of Good Hope, 30 fm (=
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||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA165DD37FE52FDADF0612D1B" box="[487,546,556,580]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</quantity>
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||
)(see Hickson 1912: 890).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="55E86554A165DD37FF72FDCEF6022C1F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA165DD37FF72FDCEF6022C1F" blockId="16.[151,1437,447,2020]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FF72FDCEF3F52D37" bold="true" box="[199,438,591,616]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material Examined.</emphasis>
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||
<typeStatus id="C249887DA165DD37FE08FDD1F0402D37" box="[445,515,592,616]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Types</typeStatus>
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||
;
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FDBBFDD0F07B2D37" box="[526,568,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MN</emphasis>
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SM180, 1, SAM H3154;
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FCECFDD0F1C02D37" box="[857,899,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MN</emphasis>
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||
SM185, 1, SAM H3153;
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FB11FDD0F68D2D37" box="[1188,1230,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MN</emphasis>
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||
XX129,
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<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A165DD37FA80FDCEF7C02D38" box="[1333,1411,591,615]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A165DD37FA3BFDCEF2A52DD3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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||
, 1 indet. colonies, SAM, and SEM stubs 1607–609, USNM;
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FC01FDF4F1952DD3" box="[948,982,629,652]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PF</emphasis>
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||
503, 1, SAM H3090;
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FB57FDF4F7472DD3" box="[1250,1284,629,652]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PF</emphasis>
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||
808, 2, SAM H1221;
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FF47FD18F3572DEF" box="[242,276,665,688]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PF</emphasis>
|
||
11555, 1 colony, SAM H1237;
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FDC3FD18F0DB2DEF" box="[630,664,665,688]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PF</emphasis>
|
||
12104,
|
||
<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A165DD37FD59FD16F1122DF0" box="[748,849,663,687]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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||
, 3 indet. colonies, SAM H3093;
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FB71FD18F6A52DEF" box="[1220,1254,665,688]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PF</emphasis>
|
||
12314,
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||
<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A165DD37FA8FFD16F7DF2DF0" box="[1338,1436,663,687]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
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||
branches, SAM H1219;
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FE09FD3CF39D2D8B" box="[444,478,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PF</emphasis>
|
||
13394, 24, SAM H1233;
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FCADFD3CF1792D8B" box="[792,826,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PF</emphasis>
|
||
13465, 1 colony, SAM H1234;
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FB0BFD3CF6A32D8B" box="[1214,1248,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PF</emphasis>
|
||
13476,
|
||
<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A165DD37FA8EFD3DF7D82D8B" box="[1339,1435,700,724]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">19 male</specimenCount>
|
||
branches, SAM H1228 and, and
|
||
<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A165DD37FDA8FD5EF0C02DA8" box="[541,643,735,759]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">3 female</specimenCount>
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||
branches and SEM stub 1666, USNM 76521 and 76522, and four branches, BM1980.9.19.12;
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FE6DFC84F3B92C43" box="[472,506,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PF</emphasis>
|
||
13599, 4 colonies, SAM H1232;
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FCC1FC84F1D52C43" box="[884,918,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PF</emphasis>
|
||
13959, 9 colonies, SAM H1224;
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FABAFC84F7722C43" box="[1295,1329,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PF</emphasis>
|
||
15614, 1, SAM H3092;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA165DD37FE80FCA9F3D22C1F" box="[309,401,808,832]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichodactylidae" genus="Valdivia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FE80FCA9F3D22C1F" box="[309,401,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Valdivia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
100, 1, ZMB; off Cape of Good Hope, Manchester Museum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55E86554A165DD36FF72FCCAF7452E3B" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA165DD37FF72FCCAF0232BDB" blockId="16.[151,1437,447,2020]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FF72FCCAF31A2C3B" bold="true" box="[199,345,843,868]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies are uniplanar, having equal dichotomous branching, the axils between branches being fairly narrow; there is no branch anastomosis and no symbiosis with commensal polychaetes. The largest specimen (
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FF15FC14F2892CF3" box="[160,202,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MN</emphasis>
|
||
XX129) is
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA165DD37FEEFFC15F3E92CF3" box="[346,426,916,940]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="8.2">8.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height and
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA165DD37FDEFFC15F0802CF3" box="[602,707,916,940]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in basal stem diameter. Distal branches are blunt and slightly flattened to elliptical in cross section. The coenosteal texture is basically radial-imbricate, consisting of broad smooth platelets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA165DD37FED2FC5DF3EE2CAB" box="[359,429,988,1012]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Errina capensis (A, C – F, I – J, female from MN XX 129, SAM; B, G – H, K, male from PF 13476, SAM H 1228): A, stereo view of branch segment showing gastropores and dactylopore spines. B, stereo view of gastrostyle tips and diffuse ring palisade. C, female ampulla and branch surface. D – E, dactylopore spines showing basal platform and lateral dactylostyles. F, ring palisade elements. G, stereo view of gastrostyle tip, ring palisade, and imbricate coenosteal texture. H, radial-imbricate coenosteal texture. I, gastrostyle. J, stereo view of female ampulla and lateral efferent pore. K, stereo view of several male ampullae, and serrated edged dactylopore spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284245/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
H), but the coenosteal strips are narrow and poorly defined, bordered by rather large coenosteal pores (up to 58 µm in diameter), which confer a somewhat porous aspect to the branch surface. Furthermore, the coenosteum bears numerous small (up to 78 µm), sharp spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA165DD37FB2CFBA5F6A72B63" box="[1177,1252,1060,1084]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Errina capensis (A, C – F, I – J, female from MN XX 129, SAM; B, G – H, K, male from PF 13476, SAM H 1228): A, stereo view of branch segment showing gastropores and dactylopore spines. B, stereo view of gastrostyle tips and diffuse ring palisade. C, female ampulla and branch surface. D – E, dactylopore spines showing basal platform and lateral dactylostyles. F, ring palisade elements. G, stereo view of gastrostyle tip, ring palisade, and imbricate coenosteal texture. H, radial-imbricate coenosteal texture. I, gastrostyle. J, stereo view of female ampulla and lateral efferent pore. K, stereo view of several male ampullae, and serrated edged dactylopore spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284245/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
G) that project perpendicular to the branch surface, giving it a spiny texture. Colonies are light orange in colour, the branch tips, cores, and ampullae usually being white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA165DD37FF72FB11F28529B7" blockId="16.[151,1437,447,2020]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Gastropores are uniformly distributed on all branch surfaces and are circular in shape, ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA165DD37FA99FB11F2802B93" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.20–0.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter; there are no bordering gastropore lips. The gastrostyles are stout and bullet-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA165DD37FAB4FB35F7002B93" box="[1281,1347,1204,1228]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Errina capensis (A, C – F, I – J, female from MN XX 129, SAM; B, G – H, K, male from PF 13476, SAM H 1228): A, stereo view of branch segment showing gastropores and dactylopore spines. B, stereo view of gastrostyle tips and diffuse ring palisade. C, female ampulla and branch surface. D – E, dactylopore spines showing basal platform and lateral dactylostyles. F, ring palisade elements. G, stereo view of gastrostyle tip, ring palisade, and imbricate coenosteal texture. H, radial-imbricate coenosteal texture. I, gastrostyle. J, stereo view of female ampulla and lateral efferent pore. K, stereo view of several male ampullae, and serrated edged dactylopore spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284245/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="694C101FA165DD37FA80FB35F7002B93" box="[1333,1347,1204,1228]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">8</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I), up to
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA165DD37FF22FB59F2BE2BAF" box="[151,253,1240,1264]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.24">0.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height, with a L:D of 1.6–2.0, and occupy the entire gastropore tube, the distal tip sometimes even rising slightly above the coenosteal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA165DD37FD30FB7DF0922A4B" box="[645,721,1276,1300]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Errina capensis (A, C – F, I – J, female from MN XX 129, SAM; B, G – H, K, male from PF 13476, SAM H 1228): A, stereo view of branch segment showing gastropores and dactylopore spines. B, stereo view of gastrostyle tips and diffuse ring palisade. C, female ampulla and branch surface. D – E, dactylopore spines showing basal platform and lateral dactylostyles. F, ring palisade elements. G, stereo view of gastrostyle tip, ring palisade, and imbricate coenosteal texture. H, radial-imbricate coenosteal texture. I, gastrostyle. J, stereo view of female ampulla and lateral efferent pore. K, stereo view of several male ampullae, and serrated edged dactylopore spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284245/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B, G). The gastrostyle is covered with tall (up to 34 µm) pointed spines, which are often fused into longitudinal or oblique ridges. The inner face of the upper half of the gastropore tube bears a wide diffuse ring palisade composed of blunt elements up to 44 µm in height. These elements continue to the uppermost part of the gastropore tube and are almost indistinguishable from the coenosteal spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA165DD37FA8EFAE9F7C12ADF" box="[1339,1410,1384,1408]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Errina capensis (A, C – F, I – J, female from MN XX 129, SAM; B, G – H, K, male from PF 13476, SAM H 1228): A, stereo view of branch segment showing gastropores and dactylopore spines. B, stereo view of gastrostyle tips and diffuse ring palisade. C, female ampulla and branch surface. D – E, dactylopore spines showing basal platform and lateral dactylostyles. F, ring palisade elements. G, stereo view of gastrostyle tip, ring palisade, and imbricate coenosteal texture. H, radial-imbricate coenosteal texture. I, gastrostyle. J, stereo view of female ampulla and lateral efferent pore. K, stereo view of several male ampullae, and serrated edged dactylopore spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284245/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B, G). The horseshoe-shaped dactylopore spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA165DD37FD11FA0DF0B32AFB" box="[676,752,1420,1444]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Errina capensis (A, C – F, I – J, female from MN XX 129, SAM; B, G – H, K, male from PF 13476, SAM H 1228): A, stereo view of branch segment showing gastropores and dactylopore spines. B, stereo view of gastrostyle tips and diffuse ring palisade. C, female ampulla and branch surface. D – E, dactylopore spines showing basal platform and lateral dactylostyles. F, ring palisade elements. G, stereo view of gastrostyle tip, ring palisade, and imbricate coenosteal texture. H, radial-imbricate coenosteal texture. I, gastrostyle. J, stereo view of female ampulla and lateral efferent pore. K, stereo view of several male ampullae, and serrated edged dactylopore spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284245/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E) are quite abundant, covering all surfaces of the branch, but better developed on one side (by definition, the anterior) and lateral branch edges. Near the branch tips the dactylopore spines are uniformly adcauline in orientation and discrete, but farther away from the tip the orientation of their dactylotomes may be lateral or oblique, and several dactylopore spines may be fused laterally into short rows. The dactylopore spines are fairly short (only
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA165DD37FD57F99DF1C4296B" box="[738,903,1564,1588]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.215" valueMax="0.29" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height), and thin-walled (30–50 µm), about
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA165DD37FF22F9C1F3782907" box="[151,315,1600,1624]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.225" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.2">0.20–0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total width, and
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA165DD37FDABF9C1F0E52907" box="[542,678,1600,1624]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; the outer wall of the dactylopore spines are often buttressed with several thin ridges, which give the upper spine a serrate edge. Internally, each dactylopore spine has a single, thin, flat platform on its internal upper edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA165DD37FD38F909F08E29FF" box="[653,717,1672,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Errina capensis (A, C – F, I – J, female from MN XX 129, SAM; B, G – H, K, male from PF 13476, SAM H 1228): A, stereo view of branch segment showing gastropores and dactylopore spines. B, stereo view of gastrostyle tips and diffuse ring palisade. C, female ampulla and branch surface. D – E, dactylopore spines showing basal platform and lateral dactylostyles. F, ring palisade elements. G, stereo view of gastrostyle tip, ring palisade, and imbricate coenosteal texture. H, radial-imbricate coenosteal texture. I, gastrostyle. J, stereo view of female ampulla and lateral efferent pore. K, stereo view of several male ampullae, and serrated edged dactylopore spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284245/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E), which blocks about half of the dactylotome. Furthermore, each dactylopore spine has two lateral (but no medial) dactylostyles, the elements being 15–24 µm in height (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA165DD37FADBF92DF2E629B7" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Errina capensis (A, C – F, I – J, female from MN XX 129, SAM; B, G – H, K, male from PF 13476, SAM H 1228): A, stereo view of branch segment showing gastropores and dactylopore spines. B, stereo view of gastrostyle tips and diffuse ring palisade. C, female ampulla and branch surface. D – E, dactylopore spines showing basal platform and lateral dactylostyles. F, ring palisade elements. G, stereo view of gastrostyle tip, ring palisade, and imbricate coenosteal texture. H, radial-imbricate coenosteal texture. I, gastrostyle. J, stereo view of female ampulla and lateral efferent pore. K, stereo view of several male ampullae, and serrated edged dactylopore spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284245/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA165DD37FF72F975F35228C3" blockId="16.[151,1437,447,2020]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The female ampullae are prominent, hemispherical structures 0.6–1.0 mm in diameter, when mature having a circular lateral efferent pore about
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA165DD37FD9DF899F0CD286F" box="[552,654,1816,1840]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA165DD37FC9FF899F12D286F" box="[810,878,1816,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Errina capensis (A, C – F, I – J, female from MN XX 129, SAM; B, G – H, K, male from PF 13476, SAM H 1228): A, stereo view of branch segment showing gastropores and dactylopore spines. B, stereo view of gastrostyle tips and diffuse ring palisade. C, female ampulla and branch surface. D – E, dactylopore spines showing basal platform and lateral dactylostyles. F, ring palisade elements. G, stereo view of gastrostyle tip, ring palisade, and imbricate coenosteal texture. H, radial-imbricate coenosteal texture. I, gastrostyle. J, stereo view of female ampulla and lateral efferent pore. K, stereo view of several male ampullae, and serrated edged dactylopore spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284245/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
J). They occur on the anterior and lateral branch faces, sometimes in great abundance. Male ampullae are also superficial but smaller (
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA165DD37FBEAF8BDF747280B" box="[1119,1284,1852,1876]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.475" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.45">0.45–0.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter), having a porous structure and small apical efferent pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA165DD37FC97F8E1F1272827" box="[802,868,1888,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Errina capensis (A, C – F, I – J, female from MN XX 129, SAM; B, G – H, K, male from PF 13476, SAM H 1228): A, stereo view of branch segment showing gastropores and dactylopore spines. B, stereo view of gastrostyle tips and diffuse ring palisade. C, female ampulla and branch surface. D – E, dactylopore spines showing basal platform and lateral dactylostyles. F, ring palisade elements. G, stereo view of gastrostyle tip, ring palisade, and imbricate coenosteal texture. H, radial-imbricate coenosteal texture. I, gastrostyle. J, stereo view of female ampulla and lateral efferent pore. K, stereo view of several male ampullae, and serrated edged dactylopore spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284245/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
K). They concentrate on the anterior surface, often in clusters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA165DD36FF72F826F7452E3B" blockId="16.[151,1437,447,2020]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,572]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FF72F826F32F289F" bold="true" box="[199,364,1959,1984]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
Among the 27 Recent species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA165DD37FD5FF828F176289F" box="[746,821,1961,1984]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FD5FF828F176289F" box="[746,821,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Errina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Appeltans, et al. 2012; Cairns 1999), only two others are known from the Indian Ocean.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA165DD37FD9EF84CF09C28BB" box="[555,735,1997,2020]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FD9EF84CF09C28BB" box="[555,735,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Errina capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to the Subantarctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA165DD37FB8EF84CF73E28BB" authority="Broch, 1942" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1942" box="[1083,1405,1996,2020]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kerguelensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA165DD37FB8EF84CF6A428BB" box="[1083,1255,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. kerguelensis</emphasis>
|
||
Broch,
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA165DD37FAF0F84DF73E28BB" box="[1349,1405,1996,2020]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.93268" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="1942.0">1942</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in gross colony shape and colour, but differs in almost all other characters (see Cairns 1983a). The other species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA164DD36FA31FF18F0612F8B" authority="Boschma, 1965" authorityName="Boschma" authorityYear="1965" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="aspera" subSpecies="mascarina">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA164DD36FA31FF18F3202F8B" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. aspera mascarina</emphasis>
|
||
Boschma, 1965
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA164DD36FDC5FF3DF0A32F8B" box="[624,736,188,212]" name="Mauritius" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
, differs in having a white corallum, much taller dactylopore spines, a longer gastropore tube and taller gastrostyles, although the styles do not reach the branch surface, and in lacking a ring palisade and coenosteal spines. Boschma (1965) gave convincing evidence that this subspecies (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA164DD36FF15FEA8F3852E1F" box="[160,454,297,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="aspera" subSpecies="mascarina">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA164DD36FF15FEA8F3852E1F" box="[160,454,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Errina aspera mascarina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was different from the Mediterranean nominal subspecies, although Zibrowius & Cairns (1992: 48) suggested that this specimen was collected in the Mediterranean, not off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA164DD36FB24FECDF7412E3B" box="[1169,1282,332,356]" name="Mauritius" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55E86554A164DD36FF72FEF1F64C2EAB" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA164DD36FF72FEF1F64C2EAB" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA164DD36FF72FEF1F3782ED7" bold="true" box="[199,315,368,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Despite several references to this species and a host of combinations (see synonymy), until now this species was known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C249887DA164DD36FDAAFE14F00C2EF2" box="[543,591,405,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material. This is the first treatment that employs SEM, including the first description of the ampullae, as well as adding several new distributional records. Although no commensal polychaetes live with this species, it does commonly harbor attached barnacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55E86554A164DD36FF72FE7EF0D92D63" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA164DD36FF72FE7EF0D92D63" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA164DD36FF72FE7EF3232D47" bold="true" box="[199,352,511,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from coastal waters of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA164DD36FD7AFE7EF1232D48" box="[719,864,511,535]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
from off the Cape of Good Hope to just north of Durban (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA164DD36FF4CFDA5F37B2D63" box="[249,312,548,572]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Natal</collectingCountry>
|
||
Province) (Fig. 26),
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA164DD36FD96FDA5F0D52D63" box="[547,662,548,572]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7399999999999998" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="107.0" valueMax="174.0" valueMin="40.0">
|
||
40–
|
||
<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A164DD36FDFBFDA5F0D52D63" box="[590,662,548,572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">174 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |