750 lines
67 KiB
XML
750 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.76.48004" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7c4d7dd-c863-4d35-a46d-03bd5309f190" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-76-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="77D7942574415B0D9454FF1FE57939E9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3786005" ID-ZooBank="24B2A66DD6484854B0B94C0489881233" ModsDocID="1314-2607-76-57" checkinTime="1588078847549" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Andreason, Sharon A., Power, Nancy, Ganjisaffar, Fatemeh, Fusu, Lucian, Dominguez, Chrysalyn & Perring, Thomas M." docDate="2020" docId="91F198735B3459CEA8599156D75C0BB6" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 76: 57-98" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 76" docPubDate="2020-04-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.76.48004" docTitle="Ooencyrtus mirus Triapitsyn & Power 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="C22A1533-33B2-43F5-84E4-CAEC9A986247" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="77D7942574415B0D9454FF1FE57939E9" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="77D7942574415B0D9454FF1FE57939E9" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae), egg parasitoids of the bagrada bug Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae), with taxonomic notes on Ooencyrtus telenomicida" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1678754362631" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae), egg parasitoids of the bagrada bug Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae), with taxonomic notes on Ooencyrtus telenomicida</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Triapitsyn, Serguei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">serguei.triapitsyn@ucr.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Andreason, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>USDA ARS U. S. Vegetable Laboratory, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, South Carolina, 29414, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Power, Nancy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5349-568X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ganjisaffar, Fatemeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1491-8122</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fusu, Lucian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-026X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Biology, Bd. Carol I no. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dominguez, Chrysalyn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Perring, Thomas M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2020-04-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>76</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>98</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.76.48004</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.76.48004</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-76-57</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163830950" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C22A1533-33B2-43F5-84E4-CAEC9A986247" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/91F198735B3459CEA8599156D75C0BB6" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/C22A1533-33B2-43F5-84E4-CAEC9A986247" authority="Triapitsyn & Power" authorityName="Triapitsyn & Power" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ooencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ooencyrtus mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirus" status="sp. nov.">Ooencyrtus mirus Triapitsyn & Power</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. female (paratype) A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404426" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. female A holotype slide B antenna (holotype) C head in frontal view (paratype) D mesosoma (holotype) E mesosoma and metasoma (holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404427" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. A female fore and hind wings (holotype) B male habitus in lateral view (paratype)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404428" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">, 8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. male (paratypes) A antenna B fore wing C genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404429" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">, 9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Holotype</emphasis>
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female, deposited in UCRC, on slide (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. female A holotype slide B antenna (holotype) C head in frontal view (paratype) D mesosoma (holotype) E mesosoma and metasoma (holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404427" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">7A</figureCitation>
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) labeled: 1. "USA: California, Riverside Co. Riverside, UCR Quarantine Lab. 27.ii.2019, N. Power, from colony on bagrada bug,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Bagrada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bagrada hilaris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hilaris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Bagrada hilaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Burmeister). Of Pakistan origin via USDA-ARS Lab., Stoneville, Mississippi, USA. Received 3.xii.2015, S&R # N-15-30
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ooencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ooencyrtus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Ooencyrtus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., females, ca. F44"; 2. "Mounted by V. V. Berezovskiy 2018 in Canada balsam"; 3. [red] "
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Triapitsyn & Power" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ooencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ooencyrtus mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Ooencyrtus mirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Triapitsyn & Power Holotype ♀"; 4. "Det. by S. V. Triapitsyn 2018"; 5. [barcode database label/unique identifier] " UCRC [bold] UCRC ENT 311772". The holotype (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. female A holotype slide B antenna (holotype) C head in frontal view (paratype) D mesosoma (holotype) E mesosoma and metasoma (holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404427" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">7B, D, E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. A female fore and hind wings (holotype) B male habitus in lateral view (paratype)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404428" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">8A</figureCitation>
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) is in good condition, complete, dissected under 4 coverslips.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3786033" doi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404426" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Triapitsyn & Power" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ooencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ooencyrtus mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Ooencyrtus mirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. female (paratype)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
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habitus in dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
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habitus in lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3786035" doi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404427" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Triapitsyn & Power" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ooencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ooencyrtus mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Ooencyrtus mirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. female
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
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holotype slide
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
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antenna (holotype)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
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head in frontal view (paratype)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">D</emphasis>
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mesosoma (holotype)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">E</emphasis>
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mesosoma and metasoma (holotype).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Paratypes</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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USA: California, Riverside Co., Riverside, UCR Quarantine laboratory, N. Power, from colony on
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Bagrada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bagrada hilaris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hilaris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Bagrada hilaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of Pakistan origin (via USDA ARS laboratory, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA), received 3.xii.2015, S&R # N-15-30: 3.ii.2017 [6 females on points and 2 females on slides, UCRC]; 13.ii.2017 [1 male on point and 2 males on slides, UCRC] (obtained by rearing females with a small dose of antibiotic at 30 °C); 8.iii.2017 [3 females, 7 males on points, UCRC]; 1-7.ii.2019, F. Ganjisaffar [3 females in 95% ethanol in the freezer (molecular vouchers UCRC_ENT 00506189- 00506191), UCRC]; 27.ii.2019, ca. F44 [30 females (2 in BMNH, 2 in EMEC, 22 in UCRC, 2 in USNM, 2 in ZIN), 18 males on points (2 in BMNH, 2 in EMEC, 10 in UCRC, 2 in USNM, 2 in ZIN) and 7 females, 2 males on slides, UCRC] (males obtained by rearing females at 36 °C).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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This new species is close to a small group of species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ooencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ooencyrtus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Ooencyrtus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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which are similar to
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<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. telenomicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="telenomicida">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. telenomicida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Vassiliev), as defined by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3793.1.1" author="Hayat, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 59" refId="B17" refString="Hayat, M, Ahmad, Z, Khan, FR, 2014. Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Zootaxa 3793 (1): 1 - 59, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3793.1.1" title="Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3793.1.1" volume="3793" year="2014">Hayat et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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, although its female legs are entirely yellow.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Triapitsyn & Power" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ooencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ooencyrtus mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Ooencyrtus mirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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keys to
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<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. telenomicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="telenomicida">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. telenomicida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation author="Ferriere, C" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de la Recherche Agronomique" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="27 - 36" refId="B9" refString="Ferriere, C, Voegele, J, 1961. Les Ooencyrtus parasites des oeufs des punaises des cereals au Maroc. Cahiers de la Recherche Agronomique 14: 27 - 36" title="Les Ooencyrtus parasites des oeufs des punaises des cereals au Maroc." volume="14" year="1961">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrière">Ferriere</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Voegelé">Voegele</normalizedToken>
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(1961)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Trjapitzin, VA" journalOrPublisher="Opredeliteli po faune SSSR Izdavavaemyie Zoologicheskim Institutom AN SSSR (Leningrad, Nauka, Leningrad division)" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 489" refId="B51" refString="Trjapitzin, VA, 1989. Parasitic Hymenoptera of the fam. Encyrtidae of Palaearctics. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR Izdavavaemyie Zoologicheskim Institutom AN SSSR (Leningrad, Nauka, Leningrad division) 158: 1 - 489" title="Parasitic Hymenoptera of the fam. Encyrtidae of Palaearctics." volume="158" year="1989">Trjapitzin (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, D-W" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Natural History Museum [London] (Entomology Series)" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 136" refId="B21" refString="Huang, D-W, Noyes, JT, 1994. A revision of the Indo-Pacific species of Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of the immature stages of economically important insect species (mainly Hemiptera and Lepidoptera). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum [London] (Entomology Series) 63 (1): 1 - 136" title="A revision of the Indo-Pacific species of Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of the immature stages of economically important insect species (mainly Hemiptera and Lepidoptera)." volume="63" year="1994">Huang and Noyes (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, Y-Z" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="347 - 360" refId="B56" refString="Zhang, Y-Z, Li, W, Huang, D-W, 2005. A taxonomic study of Chinese species of Ooencyrtus (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Zoological Studies 44 (3): 347 - 360" title="A taxonomic study of Chinese species of Ooencyrtus (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)." volume="44" year="2005">Zhang et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4117.2.4" author="Hayat, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="198 - 210" refId="B18" refString="Hayat, M, Mehrnejad, MR, 2016. Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), egg parasitoids of the pistachio green stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 4117 (2): 198 - 210, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4117.2.4" title="Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), egg parasitoids of the pistachio green stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Iran." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4117.2.4" volume="4117" year="2016">Hayat and Mehrnejad (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205245" author="Samra, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B43" refString="Samra, S, Cascone, P, Noyes, J, Ghanim, M, Protasov, A, Guerrieri, E, Mendel, Z, 2018. Diversity of Ooencyrtus spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing the eggs of Stenozygum coloratum (Klug) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of two new species. PLoS ONE 13(11): e0205245. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205245" title="Diversity of Ooencyrtus spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing the eggs of Stenozygum coloratum (Klug) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of two new species. PLoS ONE 13 (11): e 0205245." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205245" year="2018">Samra et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Morphologically, females of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="mirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. telenomicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="telenomicida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. telenomicida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly in having at least the proximal half of the gaster yellow, with only the apex (from the cercal plates) being brown to dark brown (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. female (paratype) A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404426" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. female A holotype slide B antenna (holotype) C head in frontal view (paratype) D mesosoma (holotype) E mesosoma and metasoma (holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404427" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. telenomicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="telenomicida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. telenomicida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the yellow or light brown is present as a narrow, transverse basal band (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Ooencyrtus telenomicida female (from Romania) A habitus in lateral view (neotype, prior to DNA extraction) B habitus in dorsal view (non-type) C mesosoma and metasoma (neotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404430" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">10A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Ooencyrtus telenomicida female A habitus in lateral view (from Nikolaevskaya oblast', Ukraine) B habitus in dorsolateral view (from Krasnodarskiy kray, Russia) C antenna (from Stavropol'skiy kray, Russia)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404432" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">12A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Ooencyrtus telenomicida (from Stavropol'skiy kray, Russia) A female head in frontal view B male genitalia C female mesosoma and metasoma D female fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404433" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">13C</figureCitation>
|
||
), and this band is practically never extending to the cercal plates. Otherwise, females of these two species are quite similar although there are some differences in the lengths of their funicular segments (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphometric ratios and measurements (µm) of Ooencyrtus mirus female morphological characters. All measurements are from slide-mounted specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9BB3481D7B6E1C09C6A396A8011A6B5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="9BB3481D7B6E1C09C6A396A8011A6B5D">3</tableCitation>
|
||
). In the multivariate ratio analysis
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="mirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is well separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. telenomicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="telenomicida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. telenomicida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using the shape PCA (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Multivariate ratio analysis for Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. and O. telenomicida A scatterplot of isosize against first shape PC B shape PCA, scatterplot of first against second shape PC C PCA ratio spectrum for PC 1, bars represent 68 % confidence intervals D allometry ratio spectrum; bars represent 68 % confidence intervals." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404436" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">16B</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, the scatterplot of isosize against the first shape PC (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Multivariate ratio analysis for Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. and O. telenomicida A scatterplot of isosize against first shape PC B shape PCA, scatterplot of first against second shape PC C PCA ratio spectrum for PC 1, bars represent 68 % confidence intervals D allometry ratio spectrum; bars represent 68 % confidence intervals." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404436" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">16A</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="mirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also slightly smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. telenomicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="telenomicida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. telenomicida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This plot thus shows a certain amount of allometric variation and part of the separation is probably based on size rather than shape, and this might be a case of allometric scaling rather than true separation. The next two analyses indicated the same aspect. The PCA ratio spectrum for PC1 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Multivariate ratio analysis for Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. and O. telenomicida A scatterplot of isosize against first shape PC B shape PCA, scatterplot of first against second shape PC C PCA ratio spectrum for PC 1, bars represent 68 % confidence intervals D allometry ratio spectrum; bars represent 68 % confidence intervals." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404436" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">16C</figureCitation>
|
||
) identified as most relevant the ratio between propodeum length and scape width (variables lying at the opposite ends of the spectrum are the most relevant), while at the same time this is also the most allometric ratio as shown by the allometry ratio spectrum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Multivariate ratio analysis for Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. and O. telenomicida A scatterplot of isosize against first shape PC B shape PCA, scatterplot of first against second shape PC C PCA ratio spectrum for PC 1, bars represent 68 % confidence intervals D allometry ratio spectrum; bars represent 68 % confidence intervals." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404436" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">16D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="9BB3481D7B6E1C09C6A396A8011A6B5D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9BB3481D7B6E1C09C6A396A8011A6B5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Table 3" startId="T3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Table 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric ratios and measurements (µm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Triapitsyn & Power" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ooencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ooencyrtus mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Ooencyrtus mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female morphological characters. All measurements are from slide-mounted specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length ovipositor: length mesotibia</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length: width fore wing</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length: width hind wing</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length: width scape</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length: width clava</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length F1: length pedicel</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length F2: length F1</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">0.92-1.02</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">2.28-2.48</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">4.52-4.97</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">5.64-6.89</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">3.00-3.71</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">0.48-0.60</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">0.91-1.08</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">2.36</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">4.75</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">6.33</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">3.30</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">0.54</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">1.00</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">n</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length F1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length F2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length F3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length F4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length F5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length F6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="4">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">28-40</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">28-40</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">34-46</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">39-51</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">40-49</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">40-50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">35</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">35</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">41</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">45</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">n</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
The LDA ratio extractor, which is a tool for identifying the best ratios for separating two groups, found that the best ratio to separate the two species is scape width / F5 length, the ratios being almost non-overlapping (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="T8" captionText="Table 8. First five best ratios found by the LDA ratio extractor for separating O. mirus sp. nov. and O. telenomicida. Standard distance indicates how well one ratio discriminates compared to another; δ indicates how well shape discriminates compared to size (values close to 0 indicate no influence of size and those close to 1 indicate separation based mainly on size). Ranges were calculated on all available measurements, not only on those from the complete dataset used in the analysis. The ratio marked with * has very little overlap." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D9DA35BD4AE9736DC904805252E59C4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="D9DA35BD4AE9736DC904805252E59C4D">8</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Because the commonly used morphometric parameters and ratios of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. telenomicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="telenomicida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. telenomicida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="mirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are so similar, the importance of their clear separation based on the presented genetic data can not be overestimated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
In
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hayat, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="18 - 83" refId="B19" refString="Hayat, M, Zeya, SB, Veenakumari, K, 2017. The species of Ooencyrtus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from India-2. Journal of Insect Systematics 4 (1): 18 - 83" title="The species of Ooencyrtus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from India- 2." volume="4" year="2017">Hayat et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="mirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
keys to
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. utuna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="utuna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. utuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hayat & Zeya from southern India (Karnataka and Tamil Nadu), but the latter has a linea calva closed posteriorly by 1-2 lines of setae (the linea calva is open posteriorly in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="mirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype and paratypes).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Body length</emphasis>
|
||
of dry-mounted, critical point-dried paratypes 595-1025
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Color</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head and mesosoma (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. female (paratype) A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404426" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) mostly black with some metallic reflections, particularly on mesosoma, except mesopleuron with a strong violet luster; most of gaster yellow except brown to dark brown apically (from cercal plates); antenna brown; legs yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Sculpture</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head with faint cell-like sculpture; mesoscutum reticulate, more so anteriorly; axilla reticulate; scutellum more strongly reticulate than mesoscutum or axilla (except sometimes almost smooth at apex), remainder of body more or less smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Pubescence</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Frontovertex, pronotum, mesoscutum, axilla, and scutellum with short, inconspicuous, not very dark setae except scutellum with a few pairs of long, dark setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. female A holotype slide B antenna (holotype) C head in frontal view (paratype) D mesosoma (holotype) E mesosoma and metasoma (holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404427" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as high. Minimum width of frontovertex 0.26-0.28
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
head width. Toruli just below level of lower eye margin. Ocelli in an obtuse triangle. Maxillary palpus 4-segmented, labial palpus 3-segmented. Mandible with 1 larger tooth, 1 very small, inconspicuous tooth and a broad truncation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. female A holotype slide B antenna (holotype) C head in frontal view (paratype) D mesosoma (holotype) E mesosoma and metasoma (holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404427" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with radicle about 2.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, rest of scape slender, a little wider in the middle and narrowing towards apex, 5.6-6.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(6.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the holotype) as long as wide; pedicel about 2.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, longer than any funicular segment (F1 0.5-0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of pedicel, Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphometric ratios and measurements (µm) of Ooencyrtus mirus female morphological characters. All measurements are from slide-mounted specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9BB3481D7B6E1C09C6A396A8011A6B5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="9BB3481D7B6E1C09C6A396A8011A6B5D">3</tableCitation>
|
||
); funicle segments all longer than wide, F1 usually about as long as F2 and slightly shorter than following funicular segments (F2 0.9-1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of F1, Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphometric ratios and measurements (µm) of Ooencyrtus mirus female morphological characters. All measurements are from slide-mounted specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9BB3481D7B6E1C09C6A396A8011A6B5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="9BB3481D7B6E1C09C6A396A8011A6B5D">3</tableCitation>
|
||
), F3-F6 subequal in length although F3 usually slightly shorter than following funicular segments (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphometric ratios and measurements (µm) of Ooencyrtus mirus female morphological characters. All measurements are from slide-mounted specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9BB3481D7B6E1C09C6A396A8011A6B5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="9BB3481D7B6E1C09C6A396A8011A6B5D">3</tableCitation>
|
||
), F1-F2 without mps, F3-F4 each with 1 mps, F5-F6 each with 2 mps; clava 3-segmented, 3.0-3.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(3.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the holotype) as long as wide and almost as long as combined length of F4-F6, each claval segment with several mps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. female A holotype slide B antenna (holotype) C head in frontal view (paratype) D mesosoma (holotype) E mesosoma and metasoma (holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404427" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">7D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesoscutum about 2.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as long; scutellum wider than long and a little shorter than mesoscutum, placoid sensilla close to each other and closer to posterior margin of scutellum. Propodeum smooth and very narrow medially, less than 0.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as scutellum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. A female fore and hind wings (holotype) B male habitus in lateral view (paratype)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404428" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">8A</figureCitation>
|
||
) not abbreviated, fore wing extending well beyond apex of gaster. Fore wing 2.3-2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide (2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the holotype), disc hyaline; costal cell about 12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide; marginal vein punctiform; postmarginal vein shorter than stigmal vein; linea calva open posteriorly; filum spinosum usually with 3 setae, sometimes with 4 or, rarely, with 2 setae; longest marginal seta about 0.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
maximum wing width. Hind wing 4.5-6.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide (4.65
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the holotype), disc hyaline.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3786037" doi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404428" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Triapitsyn & Power" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ooencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ooencyrtus mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Ooencyrtus mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
|
||
female fore and hind wings (holotype)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
|
||
male habitus in lateral view (paratype).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mesotibial spur about as long as mesobasitarsus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Gaster</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. female A holotype slide B antenna (holotype) C head in frontal view (paratype) D mesosoma (holotype) E mesosoma and metasoma (holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404427" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">7E</figureCitation>
|
||
) a little longer than mesosoma. Ovipositor occupying 0.6-0.7 length of gaster, at most barely exserted beyond its apex, and 0.9-1.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the holotype) as long as mesotibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(µm) of the holotype. Mesosoma 400; gaster 431; ovipositor 321; mesotibia 351. Antenna: radicle 43; rest of scape 194; pedicel 68; F1 37; F2 40; F3 46; F4 49; F5 48; F6 46; clava 135. Fore wing 839:369; longest marginal seta 36. Hind wing 601:129; longest marginal seta 51.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(paratypes).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Body length</emphasis>
|
||
of dry-mounted, critical point-dried paratypes 660-890
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and of slide-mounted paratypes 950-960
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Head</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
black with metallic reflections (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. A female fore and hind wings (holotype) B male habitus in lateral view (paratype)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404428" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">8B</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">gaster</emphasis>
|
||
mostly dark brown to black except yellow to light brown or brown basally; antenna brown except scape light brown ventrally and often dark brown dorsally; legs yellow.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. male (paratypes) A antenna B fore wing C genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404429" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with scape minus short radicle 3.4-3.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphometric ratios and measurements (µm) of Ooencyrtus mirus male morphological characters. All measurements are from slide-mounted specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/873DC4A77F3BC36E63A1C609A0DA4480" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="873DC4A77F3BC36E63A1C609A0DA4480">4</tableCitation>
|
||
); funicle segments all longer than wide, more or less subequal in length and each with several mps; clava entire, 3.6-3.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, with several mps; flagellar segments all with numerous long setae. Fore
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">wing</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. male (paratypes) A antenna B fore wing C genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404429" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">9B</figureCitation>
|
||
) 2.2-2.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide; hind wing 4.6-4.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ooencyrtus mirus sp. nov. male (paratypes) A antenna B fore wing C genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404429" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">9C</figureCitation>
|
||
) length 171-191
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3786039" doi="10.3897/jhr.76.48004.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404429" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Triapitsyn & Power" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ooencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ooencyrtus mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Ooencyrtus mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. male (paratypes)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
|
||
antenna
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
|
||
fore wing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="873DC4A77F3BC36E63A1C609A0DA4480" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/873DC4A77F3BC36E63A1C609A0DA4480" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Table 4" startId="T4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Table 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric ratios and measurements (µm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Triapitsyn & Power" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ooencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ooencyrtus mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Ooencyrtus mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male morphological characters. All measurements are from slide-mounted specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length body</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length genitalia</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length: width fore wing</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Length: width scape</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">947-959</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">172-191</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">2.2-2.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">3.4-3.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">953</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">181</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">2.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">3.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">n</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
(female and male body length, non-type specimens from the colony in UCR quarantine laboratory). The female body lengths, male body lengths, and paired differences, analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilks normality test in R (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rajmohana, K" journalOrPublisher="Zoos' Print Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B39" refString="R Core Team (2018) R: A language and environment for statistical computing (computer software manual). R foundation for statistical computing, Vienna." title="R: A language and environment for statistical computing (computer software manual). R foundation for statistical computing, Vienna." year="2006">R Core Team 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), all had normal distributions. The mean lengths were 849
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
for the females and 795
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
for the males, with a mean difference of 54
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. A paired t-test in R showed that the males were significantly shorter in length than the females (P<0.001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
The name is an adjective meaning
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“remarkable”">"remarkable"</normalizedToken>
|
||
or
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“amazing.”">"amazing."</normalizedToken>
|
||
The name is given to this species because the authors find its biology to be quite remarkable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Oriental region: Pakistan. The population in the quarantine laboratory in UC Riverside that served for the description of this species originated from the Toba Tek Singh District, Punjab, Pakistan.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Hosts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W.E.Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Bagrada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bagrada hilaris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hilaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Bagrada hilaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Burmeister). We conducted host studies on
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="mirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and found it to reproduce on the eggs of eight other species in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W.E.Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one species in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Rhopalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhopalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and one species in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coreidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
), as well as on one species in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Of all the potential host species we evaluated, only one, in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
), was not utilized as a host, likely because its eggs were too small. These findings show
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="mirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a generalist parasitoid, although it prefers and reproduces more successfully on
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. hilaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="hilaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B. hilaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than on the other hosts evaluated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Triapitsyn & Power" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ooencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ooencyrtus mirus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Ooencyrtus mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a uniparental species, typically produces about 99% females. However, the percentage of males can be increased by providing new eggs to the same female wasps daily for more than two weeks. This depletes the supply of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hertig" authorityYear="1936" class="Alphaproteobacteria" family="Anaplasmataceae" genus="Wolbachia" kingdom="Bacteria" lsidName="Wolbachia" order="Rickettsiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Wolbachia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bacteria in the ovaries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3505" author="Lindsey, ARI" journalOrPublisher="Molecular biology and evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B23" refString="Lindsey, ARI, Stouthamer, R, 2017. Penetrance of symbiont-mediated parthenogenesis is driven by reproductive rate in a parasitoid wasp. PeerJ 5: e3505. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3505" title="Penetrance of symbiont-mediated parthenogenesis is driven by reproductive rate in a parasitoid wasp. PeerJ 5: e 3505." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3505" year="2017">Lindsey and Stouthamer 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the eggs, all unfertilized, then produce males instead of females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
This species was initially identified from digital images of both dry- and slide-mounted specimens as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vassiliev" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ooencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ooencyrtus telenomicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telenomicida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Ooencyrtus telenomicida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
(J. S. Noyes and E. Guerrieri, personal communications). This determination was ambiguous, however, since
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. telenomicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="telenomicida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. telenomicida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not clearly defined prior to this communication, despite the availability of its numerous diagnoses and redescriptions (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferriere, C" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de la Recherche Agronomique" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="27 - 36" refId="B9" refString="Ferriere, C, Voegele, J, 1961. Les Ooencyrtus parasites des oeufs des punaises des cereals au Maroc. Cahiers de la Recherche Agronomique 14: 27 - 36" title="Les Ooencyrtus parasites des oeufs des punaises des cereals au Maroc." volume="14" year="1961">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrière">Ferriere</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Voegelé">Voegele</normalizedToken>
|
||
1961
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, D-W" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Natural History Museum [London] (Entomology Series)" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 136" refId="B21" refString="Huang, D-W, Noyes, JT, 1994. A revision of the Indo-Pacific species of Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of the immature stages of economically important insect species (mainly Hemiptera and Lepidoptera). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum [London] (Entomology Series) 63 (1): 1 - 136" title="A revision of the Indo-Pacific species of Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of the immature stages of economically important insect species (mainly Hemiptera and Lepidoptera)." volume="63" year="1994">Huang and Noyes 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4117.2.4" author="Hayat, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="198 - 210" refId="B18" refString="Hayat, M, Mehrnejad, MR, 2016. Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), egg parasitoids of the pistachio green stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 4117 (2): 198 - 210, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4117.2.4" title="Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), egg parasitoids of the pistachio green stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Iran." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4117.2.4" volume="4117" year="2016">Hayat and Mehrnejad 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, until a neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. telenomicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="telenomicida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. telenomicida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was properly designated, and respective DNA sequences were obtained,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. telenomicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="telenomicida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. telenomicida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not defined. We emphasize the importance of obtaining DNA sequences from the neotype since the only specimen defining this species is morphologically very similar to other species in the complex.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205245" author="Samra, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B43" refString="Samra, S, Cascone, P, Noyes, J, Ghanim, M, Protasov, A, Guerrieri, E, Mendel, Z, 2018. Diversity of Ooencyrtus spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing the eggs of Stenozygum coloratum (Klug) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of two new species. PLoS ONE 13(11): e0205245. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205245" title="Diversity of Ooencyrtus spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing the eggs of Stenozygum coloratum (Klug) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of two new species. PLoS ONE 13 (11): e 0205245." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205245" year="2018">Samra et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a diagnosis and DNA sequences for "
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. telenomicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="telenomicida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. telenomicida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W.E.Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, eggs collected in Israel and Turkey, countries with a different climate from that in the type locality. Thus, their conspecificity with
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. telenomicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="telenomicida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. telenomicida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Eastern Europe, reared from eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Puton" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Eurygaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurygaster integriceps" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integriceps">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Eurygaster integriceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, needed confirmation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |