256 lines
33 KiB
XML
256 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="EA9C19D5CC360D9BFA3D761D8540E737" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.211022" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fc7d5cb4-2741-48de-b2c9-940d17bd6bab" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="211022" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460456526019" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Berning, Björn" docDate="2012" docId="8B497008BE78FFC4AE8CFAD1FD7EFA31" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03236p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3236" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Plesiocleidochasma porcellanum Busk 1860, n. comb." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="77700870BE74FFCAAE1BFFEDFF82FFC1" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on some Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Madeira" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="36" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698302244175" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2043A8A14AD7FE5B3F012279854BEEF0">Taxonomic notes on some Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Madeira</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D6308AE99EEF7066FD394DC8B0E6377E">Berning, Björn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E924DBB05311AFC0C7F3DB91BD72DCAF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9BB025F237E75EA2228B5F62F48C9D8A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="11E51E2E2595B254B8BB451B0392F4F5">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FFB2094015C0A5263AD7BE83FED65343">3236</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="29CA0A2F9F48A1BA2B7FB918903015B3" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.211022</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="01C856BDDECEE2ED4160DEDBB3680BC1" type="Zenodo-Dep">211022</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8B497008BE78FFC4AE8CFAD1FD7EFA31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5667287" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119511115" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5667287" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B497008BE78FFC4AE8CFAD1FD7EFA31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B497008BE78FFC4AE8CFAD1FD7EFA31" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection id="4BFA9295BE78FFC6AE8CFAD1FE07FAB7" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="035FC11EBE78FFC6AE8CFAD1FCB8FA94" blockId="12.[151,826,1339,1398]" box="[151,826,1339,1366]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">
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<heading id="58177672BE78FFC6AE8CFAD1FCB8FA94" bold="true" box="[151,826,1339,1366]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE78FFC6AE8CFAD1FCB8FA94" bold="true" box="[151,826,1339,1366]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE78FFC6AE8CFAD1FD4AFA94" ID-CoL="4K9GL" authority="Busk, 1860" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,712,1339,1366]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE78FFC6AE8CFAD1FDA7FA97" bold="true" box="[151,549,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Plesiocleidochasma porcellanum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE78FFC6AC2FFAD6FD42FA94" author="Busk" box="[564,704,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Busk, G. (1860) Catalogue of the Polyzoa collected by J. Y. Johnson, Esq., at Madeira in the years 1859 and 1860, with descriptions of the new species. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 8, 280 - 285." type="journal article" year="1860">Busk, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AA7A077BE78FFC6ACD4FAD6FCB8FA94" box="[719,826,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="035FC11EBE78FFC6AE8CFAB3FE07FAB7" blockId="12.[151,826,1339,1398]" box="[151,389,1374,1398]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">
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(
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<figureCitation id="9BDBDD9BBE78FFC6AE85FAB3FE9CFAB7" box="[158,286,1374,1398]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 28" captionStartId="13.[151,263,1816,1839]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,193,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[192,1397,193,1795]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 28. Plesiocleidochasma porcellanum (Busk, 1860) n. comb., lectotype, NHMUK 1899.7.1.1726. 23, surface of mature colony near the growth margin; note the presence of three spines in early ontogenetic zooids. 24, primary orifice. 25, autozooids and maternal zooids at some distance to the growth margin, with the ooecia covered and immersed by secondary calcification. 26, close-up of ovicell; note the small, median fenestra in the proximal ooecial margin and the absence of lateral incisions. 27, early stages of ooecium formation, with most of the exposed ectooecium quickly covered by secondary calcification of the distal zooid (arrows indicate the advancing fronts). 28, close-up of avicularium. Scale bars: Fig. 23 = 200 µm; Fig. 24 = 40 µm; Fig. 25, 27 = 100 µm; Fig. 26 = 50 µm; Fig. 28 = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211029/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Figs 23–28</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="4E62F4A5BE78FFC6AF32FAB3FEFEFAB7" box="[297,380,1374,1398]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,235,578,599]" captionText="TABLE 5. Measurements (in µm) of Plesiocleidochasma porcellanum n. comb." pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Table 5</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BFA9295BE78FFC6AE8CFA4AFB76FA3B" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="035FC11EBE78FFC6AE8CFA4AFB8DFA7D" blockId="12.[151,1268,1446,1530]" box="[151,1039,1446,1469]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="23F0E630BE78FFC6AE8CFA4AFB8DFA7D" box="[151,1039,1446,1469]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE78FFC6AE8CFA4AFD92FA7D" authority="Busk, 1860: 283" authorityName="Busk" authorityPageNumber="283" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,528,1446,1469]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bryocryptellidae" genus="Lepralia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellana">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE78FFC6AE8CFA4AFEE3FA7C" box="[151,353,1447,1469]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Lepralia porcellana</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="8241E70FBE78FFC6AF7CFA4BFD92FA7D" author="Busk" box="[359,528,1446,1468]" page="283" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" year="1860">
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE78FFC6AF7CFA4BFE5CFA7D" author="Busk" box="[359,478,1446,1468]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Busk, G. (1860) Catalogue of the Polyzoa collected by J. Y. Johnson, Esq., at Madeira in the years 1859 and 1860, with descriptions of the new species. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 8, 280 - 285." type="journal article" year="1860">Busk, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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: 283
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 31, fig. 3;
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<treatmentCitation id="8241E70FBE78FFC6ACBFFA4AFCE7FA7D" author="Norman" box="[676,869,1446,1468]" page="305" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" year="1909">
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE78FFC6ACBFFA4AFCB1FA7D" author="Norman" box="[676,819,1447,1468]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Norman, A. M. (1909) The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighbouring islands. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 30, 275 - 314." type="journal article" year="1909">Norman 1909</bibRefCitation>
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: 305
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 40, figs 1, 2.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="035FC11EBE78FFC6AE8CFA28FBB0FA1A" blockId="12.[151,1268,1446,1530]" box="[151,1074,1477,1500]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="23F0E630BE78FFC6AE8CFA28FBB0FA1A" box="[151,1074,1477,1500]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE78FFC6AE8CFA28FE6EFA1A" authority="Smitt, 1873" authorityName="Smitt" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,492,1477,1499]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bryocryptellidae" genus="Lepralia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cleidostoma">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE78FFC6AE8CFA28FEECFA1A" box="[151,366,1477,1499]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Lepralia cleidostoma</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE78FFC6AF6EFA28FE6EFA1A" author="Smitt" box="[373,492,1477,1499]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1873) Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, Part II. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11, 3 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Smitt, 1873</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(part?):
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<treatmentCitation id="8241E70FBE78FFC6AC59FA2BFD6BFA1A" author="Waters" box="[578,745,1478,1499]" page="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" year="1899">
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE78FFC6AC59FA2BFD47FA1A" author="Waters" box="[578,709,1478,1499]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Waters, A. W. (1899) Bryozoa from Madeira. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1899, 6 - 16." type="journal article" year="1899">Waters 1899</bibRefCitation>
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: 10
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 3, fig. 16;?not pl. 3, fig. 17.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="035FC11EBE78FFC6AE8CFA09FB76FA3B" blockId="12.[151,1268,1446,1530]" box="[151,1268,1507,1530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="23F0E630BE78FFC6AE8CFA09FB76FA3B" box="[151,1268,1507,1530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE78FFC6AE8CFA09FE25FA3B" box="[151,423,1508,1530]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Cleidochasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE78FFC6AE8CFA09FE25FA3B" box="[151,423,1508,1530]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Cleidochasma porcellanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(part):
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<treatmentCitation id="8241E70FBE78FFC6AFEAFA0EFD07FA38" author="Cook" box="[497,645,1507,1529]" page="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" year="1964">
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE78FFC6AFEAFA0EFDE3FA38" author="Cook" box="[497,609,1507,1529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Cook, P. L. (1964) Polyzoa from West Africa. Notes on the genera Hippoporina Neviani, Hippoporella Canu, Cleidochasma Harmer and Hippoporidra Canu & Bassler (Cheilostomata, Ascophora). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 12, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1964">Cook 1964</bibRefCitation>
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: 11
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</treatmentCitation>
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, text-fig. 4D; not pl. 1, fig. 4; pl. 2, figs 1, 2; text-fig. 4A–C, E.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BFA9295BE78FFC6AE8CF9CBFC03F9A3" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="035FC11EBE78FFC6AE8CF9CBFC03F9A3" blockId="12.[151,1436,1574,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE78FFC6AE8CF9CBFE02F9FE" bold="true" box="[151,384,1574,1599]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="DC5B7FBCBE78FFC6AF93F9C5FE77F9FE" box="[392,501,1576,1599]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" type="lectotype">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE78FFC6AF93F9C5FE77F9FE" box="[392,501,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Lectotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="65F159DBBE78FFC6AC1FF9CAFDECF9FF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[516,622,1575,1598]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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1899.7.1.1726, chosen by
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE78FFC6AD87F9CBFBF0F9FF" author="Cook" box="[924,1138,1574,1598]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" refString="Cook, P. L. (1964) Polyzoa from West Africa. Notes on the genera Hippoporina Neviani, Hippoporella Canu, Cleidochasma Harmer and Hippoporidra Canu & Bassler (Cheilostomata, Ascophora). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 12, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="p">Cook (1964, p. 11)</bibRefCitation>
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, Madeira, on bivalve shell (no further information provided as to the exact location or depth).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BFA9295BE78FFC4AED2F983FAC6FC99" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" type="description">
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<paragraph id="035FC11EBE78FFC6AED2F983FD93F82E" blockId="12.[151,1436,1574,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE78FFC6AED2F983FEDAF946" bold="true" box="[201,344,1646,1671]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Description.</emphasis>
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Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial. Zooids hexagonal to quadrangular, broadest at about mid-distance, separated by shallow grooves. Vertical walls with 1–2 large communication pores per neighbouring zooid, few distal pore chambers present. Frontal shield only very slightly convex to flat, with orifice proximolaterally encircled by a broad bulge that may later be levelled owing to extensive secondary calcification; surface irregularly covered by granular nodules that are surrounded by smooth calcification, perforated only by a single large round and rimmed areolar pore near each lateral corner. Primary orifice cleithridiate, distinctly longer than wide, with the poster comprising four-fifths of a full circle and the anter about half of a transverse ellipse, the lower distolateral orifice margin with a smooth broad shelf on which the operculum rests; condyles strong, short, blunt, somewhat curved, directed proximomedially, demarcating proximal fourth of total orifice length; distal autozooidal margin initially with 3, rarely 4, oral spines (2 remaining in ovicellate zooids) that are lost and covered by secondary calcification during ontogeny.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="579F9196BE79FFC7AE8CF8F5FCDEF826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211029/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[192,1397,193,1794]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph id="035FC11EBE79FFC7AE8CF8F5FCDEF826" blockId="13.[151,1437,1816,2023]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE79FFC7AE8CF8F5FED1F8EF" bold="true" box="[151,339,1816,1839]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">FIGURES 23–28.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE79FFC7AF42F8F4FCB6F8EE" authority="Busk, 1860" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1860" box="[345,820,1817,1839]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE79FFC7AF42F8F4FD2BF8EE" box="[345,681,1817,1839]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">Plesiocleidochasma porcellanum</emphasis>
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(Busk, 1860)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AA7A077BE79FFC7AD21F8F4FC15F8EF" box="[826,919,1817,1838]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE79FFC7AD21F8F4FC15F8EF" bold="true" box="[826,919,1817,1838]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">n. comb.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
, lectotype, NHMUK 1899.7.1.1726.
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE79FFC7AB0AF8F4FAA8F8EF" bold="true" box="[1297,1322,1817,1838]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">23</emphasis>
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, surface of mature colony near the growth margin; note the presence of three spines in early ontogenetic zooids.
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE79FFC7AAB6F8DAFB44F88D" bold="true" box="[1197,1222,1847,1868]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">24</emphasis>
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||
, primary orifice.
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||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE79FFC7AB67F8DAFA17F88D" bold="true" box="[1404,1429,1847,1868]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">25</emphasis>
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, autozooids and maternal zooids at some distance to the growth margin, with the ooecia covered and immersed by secondary calcification.
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE79FFC7AF3AF898FEB8F84B" bold="true" box="[289,314,1909,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">26</emphasis>
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||
, close-up of ovicell; note the small, median fenestra in the proximal ooecial margin and the absence of lateral incisions.
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE79FFC7AEE6F87EFE94F869" bold="true" box="[253,278,1939,1960]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">27</emphasis>
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, early stages of ooecium formation, with most of the exposed ectooecium quickly covered by secondary calcification of the distal zooid (arrows indicate the advancing fronts).
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE79FFC7AD0DF85FFCADF806" bold="true" box="[790,815,1970,1991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">28</emphasis>
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, close-up of avicularium. Scale bars: Fig. 23 = 200 µm; Fig. 24 = 40 µm; Fig. 25, 27 = 100 µm; Fig. 26 = 50 µm; Fig. 28 = 10 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="035FC11EBE7AFFC4AED2FF7AFD31FEA5" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">Ooecium formed by distal autozooid, hyperstomial, globular but somewhat depressed, broader than long, endo- and ectooecium both calcified, ectooecium delicately striated but quickly covered and disguised by thick secondary calcification of distal zooid early in its formation, a short but broad proximal area of ectooecium containing a small median window of variable shape remaining exposed; proximal ooecial margin concave, paralleling distal orificial rim, lateral incisions absent or only very faintly developed, aperture depressed but broad and opening above primary orifice, not closed by operculum.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="035FC11EBE7AFFC4AED2FE82FCD3FE35" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">Avicularia adventitious, monomorphic, usually single or occasionally absent, situated proximolateral to orifice at about mid-point, directed laterally; rostrum elongate-triangular, distal tip slightly downcurved, distal uncalcified area semicircular to triangular, distolaterally demarcated by calcified shelves with a median groove, proximal area D-shaped; crossbar complete, with distal hemispherical ligula.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="035FC11EBE7AFFC4AED2FE12FE63FDD6" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,535]" box="[201,481,511,535]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">Ancestrula not observed.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="579F9196BE7AFFC4AE8CFDAFFC44FD99" box="[151,966,578,600]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<paragraph id="035FC11EBE7AFFC4AE8CFDAFFC44FD99" blockId="14.[151,1363,578,856]" box="[151,966,578,600]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7AFFC4AE8CFDAFFE86FD99" bold="true" box="[151,260,578,600]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in µm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE7AFFC4AC08FDAFFCE1FD99" box="[531,867,578,600]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7AFFC4AC08FDAFFCE1FD99" box="[531,867,578,600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">Plesiocleidochasma porcellanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AA7A077BE7AFFC4AD72FDAEFC44FD99" box="[873,966,579,600]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="035FC11EBE7AFFC4AF5EFD98FAC6FC99" blockId="14.[151,1363,578,856]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">
|
||
ZL ZW OL OanW OpoW OvL OvW AL AW mean 399 348 149 71 113 185 234 87 50 SD 27
|
||
<date id="775EE7DEBE7AFFC4AFDBFD2AFD40FD1D" box="[448,706,710,732]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" value="1943-06-07">43 7 6</date>
|
||
5 16
|
||
<date id="775EE7DEBE7AFFC4AA2DFD2AFABAFD1D" box="[1078,1336,711,732]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" value="1917-04-04">17 4 4</date>
|
||
min. 356 282 135 62 104 161 200 78 45 max. 441 451 160 80 121 208 253 92 58
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66D4A7D9BE7AFFC4AE84FCAEFDD1FC99" box="[159,595,835,856]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" precision="15" value="20.33889">n 20 20 20</geoCoordinate>
|
||
20
|
||
<date id="775EE7DEBE7AFFC4AD2CFCAEFBC1FC99" box="[823,1091,835,856]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" value="1920-09-09">20 9 9</date>
|
||
20 20
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BFA9295BE7AFFC4AED2FC75FD7EFA31" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="035FC11EBE7AFFC4AED2FC75FC72FB0E" blockId="14.[151,1437,919,1520]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7AFFC4AED2FC75FEB9FC71" bold="true" box="[201,315,920,944]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE7AFFC4AF5AFC75FD36FC71" box="[321,692,920,944]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7AFFC4AF5AFC75FD36FC71" box="[321,692,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">Plesiocleidochasma porcellanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from almost all tropical and subtropical regions in the world (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7AFFC4AF40FC51FE58FC15" author="Cook" box="[347,474,956,980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" refString="Cook, P. L. (1964) Polyzoa from West Africa. Notes on the genera Hippoporina Neviani, Hippoporella Canu, Cleidochasma Harmer and Hippoporidra Canu & Bassler (Cheilostomata, Ascophora). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 12, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1964">Cook 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and references therein).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7BF7818EBE7AFFC4ACEDFC51FC97FC15" box="[758,789,956,980]" name="American Samoa" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
already pointed out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7AFFC4AA3BFC51FAEAFC15" author="Hayward" box="[1056,1384,956,980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" refString="Hayward, P. J. & Cook, P. L. (1983) The South African Museum's Meiring Naude Cruises. Part 13. Bryozoa II. Annals of the South African Museum, 91, 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1983">Hayward & Cook (1983: 75)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and in the light of recent taxonomic revisions of other cheilostome bryozoan species with an allegedly circumglobal distribution (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7AFFC4AF47FBE9FD83FBDD" author="Tilbrook" box="[348,513,1028,1052]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (1999) Description of Hippopodina feegeensis and three other species of Hippopodina Levinsen, 1909 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida). Journal of Zoology, London, 247, 449 - 456." type="journal article" year="1999">Tilbrook 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7AFFC4AC14FBE9FD3FFBDD" author="Harmelin" box="[527,701,1028,1052]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (2006) The Puellina flabellifera species complex: a remarkable example of worldwide species radiation in cribrimorph bryozoans. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 257, 73 - 91." type="journal article" year="2006">Harmelin 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7AFFC4ACD1FBE9FC39FBDD" author="Harmelin" box="[714,955,1028,1052]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" refString="Harmelin, J. - G., Ostrovsky, A. N., Caceres-Chamizo, J. P. & Sanner, J. (2011) Bryodiversity in the tropics: taxonomy of Microporella species (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) with personate maternal zooids from Indian Ocean, Red Sea and southeast Mediterranean. Zootaxa, 2798, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Harmelin
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7AFFC4AD26FBE8FCF5FBDD" box="[829,887,1028,1052]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it actually represents a species complex. Although, like many other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE7AFFC4AFD5FBC5FD2CFB81" box="[462,686,1064,1088]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7AFFC4AFD5FBC5FD2CFB81" box="[462,686,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">Plesiocleidochasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE7AFFC4AD02FBC4FC46FB81" box="[793,964,1064,1088]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7AFFC4AD02FBC4FC46FB81" box="[793,964,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">P. porcellanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a shallow-water form (see below) and therefore likely to be rafted on natural and/or anthropogenic substrata, comparison with specimens from other regions reveal a number of differences that are today considered as species specific (see the figures in, for example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7AFFC4AE8CFB79FE9AFB6D" author="Cook" box="[151,280,1172,1196]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" refString="Cook, P. L. (1964) Polyzoa from West Africa. Notes on the genera Hippoporina Neviani, Hippoporella Canu, Cleidochasma Harmer and Hippoporidra Canu & Bassler (Cheilostomata, Ascophora). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 12, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1964">Cook 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7AFFC4AF74FB79FD93FB6D" author="Winston" box="[367,529,1172,1196]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" refString="Winston, J. E. (1984) Shallow-water bryozoans of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. American Museum Novitates, 2799, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1984">Winston 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 56). Accordingly, all records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE7AFFC4ADADFB78FBE2FB6D" box="[950,1120,1172,1196]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7AFFC4ADADFB78FBE2FB6D" box="[950,1120,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">P. porcellanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from regions other than the Madeiran archipelago should be regarded with doubt and need to be revised.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="035FC11EBE7AFFC4AED2FB31FCA2FA69" blockId="14.[151,1437,919,1520]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">
|
||
There may also be other closely related species around Madeira.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7AFFC4AD87FB30FBB8FB35" author="Waters" box="[924,1082,1244,1268]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" refString="Waters, A. W. (1899) Bryozoa from Madeira. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1899, 6 - 16." type="journal article" year="1899">Waters (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported considerable variation in orificial morphology in the species he referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE7AFFC4AD13FAEDFB06FAD9" authority="Smitt, 1873" authorityName="Smitt" authorityYear="1873" box="[776,1156,1280,1304]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bryocryptellidae" genus="Lepralia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cleidostoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7AFFC4AD13FAEDFC7AFAD9" box="[776,1016,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">Lepralia cleidostoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7AFFC4AA1AFAEDFB06FAD9" author="Smitt" box="[1025,1156,1280,1304]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1873) Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, Part II. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11, 3 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Smitt, 1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7AFFC4AADAFAEDFEB6FAFD" author="Winston" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" refString="Winston, J. E. (2005) Re-description and revision of Smitt's " Floridan Bryozoa " in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 7, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2005">Winston (2005: 87, figs 244–246)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for an account of this species], which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7AFFC4ACFDFAC8FC11FAFD" author="Norman" box="[742,915,1316,1340]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" refString="Norman, A. M. (1909) The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighbouring islands. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 30, 275 - 314." type="journal article" year="1909">Norman (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE7AFFC4AAFFFAC9FF4BFAA1" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bryocryptellidae" genus="Lepralia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellana">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7AFFC4AAFFFAC9FF4BFAA1" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">Lepralia porcellana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although there is a slightly greater variation in anter width (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="4E62F4A5BE7AFFC4ADBDFAA5FC78FAA1" box="[934,1018,1352,1376]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,235,578,599]" captionText="TABLE 5. Measurements (in µm) of Plesiocleidochasma porcellanum n. comb." pageId="14" pageNumber="50">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
), orifice size and shape are generally fairly stable in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC5B7FBCBE7AFFC4AF77FA80FE1EFA44" box="[364,412,1389,1413]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE7AFFC4AFD8FA80FDE9FA45" box="[451,619,1388,1412]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7AFFC4AFD8FA80FDE9FA45" box="[451,619,1388,1412]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">P. porcellanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, while Waters' (1899) figure 16 certainly depicts an operculum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE7AFFC4AE8CFA7CFEBCFA69" box="[151,318,1424,1448]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7AFFC4AE8CFA7CFEBCFA69" box="[151,318,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">P. porcellanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, his figure
|
||
<date id="775EE7DEBE7AFFC4AFA5FA7DFD93FA68" box="[446,529,1424,1449]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" value="1917-05">17 may</date>
|
||
show a distinct species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="035FC11EBE7AFFC4AED2FA59FD7EFA31" blockId="14.[151,1437,919,1520]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Whereas no depth was indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7AFFC4AC76FA59FD78FA0D" author="Busk" box="[621,762,1460,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" refString="Busk, G. (1860) Catalogue of the Polyzoa collected by J. Y. Johnson, Esq., at Madeira in the years 1859 and 1860, with descriptions of the new species. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 8, 280 - 285." type="journal article" year="1860">Busk (1860)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the shell encrusted by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE7AFFC4AA29FA58FF48FA31" authority="Norman (1909: 305)" authorityName="Norman" authorityPageNumber="305" authorityYear="1909" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7AFFC4AA29FA58FB5FFA0D" box="[1074,1245,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="50">P. porcellanum</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7AFFC4AAF6FA58FF48FA31" author="Norman" pageId="14" pageNumber="50" refString="Norman, A. M. (1909) The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighbouring islands. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 30, 275 - 314." type="journal article" year="1909">Norman (1909: 305)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported its occurrence on stones in the intertidal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |