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<document id="FBB03D875F842D4E007BA32B8A6BCE69" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.10" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5cc1d185-8668-4a2f-a205-a91b4b0db90c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="164560" ID-ZooBank="1F89E7F4-F460-4F15-88EA-73A92AC88400" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1478162254613" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sandes, Joana, Muricy, Guilherme &amp; Pinheiro, Ulisses" docDate="2016" docId="8B1087F6FFE2FFE6F69D82C8074E51F8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4184.1.10.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4184 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thorecta cincta Boury-Esnault 1973, new combination" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="7729FF8EFFE0FFE5F60A8174052E5028" masterDocTitle="Thorectinae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida) from Northeastern Brazil: two new species and transfer of Scalarispongia cincta (Boury-Esnault, 1973) to the genus Thorecta Lendenfeld, 1888" masterLastPageNumber="170" masterPageNumber="158" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1698391886499" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="91C5044BB01F280167849148F29678D8">Thorectinae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida) from Northeastern Brazil: two new species and transfer of Scalarispongia cincta (Boury-Esnault, 1973) to the genus Thorecta Lendenfeld, 1888</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="778542D1C36AC84B4F7C83D5FB3541C9">Pinheiro, Ulisses</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="17C10BE97015C52BC92793B69F7D1292">2016</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="030636E0FFE2FFE7F69D82C8067B53FE" blockId="2.[151,853,956,1015]" box="[151,853,956,982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">
<heading id="584E818CFFE2FFE7F69D82C8067B53FE" bold="true" box="[151,853,956,982]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" reason="1">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F69D82C8067B53FE" bold="true" box="[151,853,956,982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="C4B94D63FFE2FFE7F69D82C8075F53FE" ID-CoL="6Y4BT" authority="Boury-Esnault, 1973" authorityName="Boury-Esnault" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,625,956,982]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Thorecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cincta" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F69D82C8047A53FE" bold="true" box="[151,340,956,982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Thorecta cincta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="67284B11FFE2FFE7F76982C8074653FE" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[355,616,956,982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Resultats scientifiques des campagnes de la ' Calypso': Campagne de la ' Calypso' au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). I. 29. Spongiaires. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, 49 (Supplement 10), 263 - 295." type="journal article" year="1973">Boury-Esnault, 1973</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AFE5789FFE2FFE7F47482C8067B53FE" box="[638,853,956,982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="030636E0FFE2FFE7F69D82AA043F53DF" blockId="2.[151,853,956,1015]" box="[151,273,990,1015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">
(
<figureCitation id="9B822A65FFE2FFE7F69582AA042753DF" box="[159,265,990,1015]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1413,1435]" captionTargetBox-0="[174,1436,555,1612]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1387]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1614]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1391]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Thorecta cincta n. comb. (A – C) Holotype (MNHN. LBIM. D. NBE 1017); (D) Fragment from holotype (UFRJPOR 3434). Scale bars: A – C, 2 cm; D, 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Thorecta cincta n. comb. (A) Cross section, showing the dermal armour (da) and the fiber skeleton; (B) Fiber reticulation near the surface (s); (C) Transverse section of the ladder-like skeleton, showing slightly cored primary fibers (pf), uncored secondary fibers (sf) and the surface (s); (D) Cored primary fiber (pf); (E) Uncored secondary fiber (sf) and meshes (m). Scale bars: A, 350 µm; B – C, 500 µm; D – E, 30 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/257872/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/257873/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BA3656BFFE2FFE7F69D8553075E5473" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="030636E0FFE2FFE7F69D8553075E5473" blockId="2.[151,1087,1062,1115]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="23A911CEFFE2FFE7F69D8553075E5473" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="C4B94D63FFE2FFE7F69D8553075E5414" ID-CoL="5X5BC" authority="Boury-Esnault, 1973: 290" authorityName="Boury-Esnault" authorityPageNumber="290" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,624,1062,1085]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Cacospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cincta">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F69D8553044F5415" box="[151,353,1063,1085]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Cacospongia cincta</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="821810F1FFE2FFE7F76D8552075E5414" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[359,624,1062,1084]" page="290" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="67284B11FFE2FFE7F76D855207105414" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[359,574,1062,1084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Resultats scientifiques des campagnes de la ' Calypso': Campagne de la ' Calypso' au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). I. 29. Spongiaires. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, 49 (Supplement 10), 263 - 295." type="journal article" year="1973">Boury-Esnault, 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 290
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="821810F1FFE2FFE7F471855206115414" author="Hechtel" box="[635,831,1062,1084]" page="252" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="67284B11FFE2FFE7F471855206225414" author="Hechtel" box="[635,780,1062,1084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" refString="Hechtel, G. J. (1976) Zoogeography of Brazilian marine Demospongiae. In: Harrison, F. W. &amp; Cowden, R. R. (Eds.), Aspects of Sponge Biology. Academic Press, New York, San Francisco, London, pp. 237 - 259. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / b 978 - 0 - 12 - 327950 - 7.50021 - x" type="book chapter" year="1976">Hechtel, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 252
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="821810F1FFE2FFE7F543855201155414" author="Santos" box="[841,1083,1062,1085]" page="397" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="67284B11FFE2FFE7F543855201275414" author="Santos" box="[841,1033,1062,1085]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" refString="Santos, J. P., Cantarelli, J. &amp; Tenorio, D. O. (2002) Porifera do Estado de Pernambuco-Brasil. Capitulo 28. In: Tabarelli, M. &amp; Silva, J. M. C. (Eds.), Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco. Vol 2. Massangana, Recife, pp. 385 - 404." type="journal article" year="2002">
Santos
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F599855C06E85414" box="[915,966,1062,1085]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002
</bibRefCitation>
: 397
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="C4B94D63FFE2FFE7F69D853107425473" ID-CoL="6Y4BT" authority="Muricy et al., 2011: 63" authorityName="Muricy et al." authorityPageNumber="63" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,620,1093,1115]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Scalarispongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cincta">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F69D8531045A5473" box="[151,372,1093,1115]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Scalarispongia cincta</emphasis>
,
<treatmentCitation id="821810F1FFE2FFE7F78B853107425473" author="Muricy" box="[385,620,1093,1115]" page="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="67284B11FFE2FFE7F78B853107685473" author="Muricy" box="[385,582,1093,1115]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. &amp; Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Serie Livros. nº 46. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 212 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Muricy
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F7D88532072B5473" box="[466,517,1093,1115]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011
</bibRefCitation>
: 63
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BA3656BFFE2FFE7F69D85FC002554ED" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="030636E0FFE2FFE7F69D85FC002554ED" blockId="2.[151,1436,1160,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F69D85FC04AD5489" bold="true" box="[151,387,1160,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Material examined.</emphasis>
Holotype MNHN.
<materialsCitation id="B3D13CBDFFE2FFE7F45685FD002554ED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324562845" collectingDate="1921-11-23" collectionCode="LBIM" country="Brazil" elevation="75" latitude="-8.316667" location="Off Recife" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-34.65" municipality="Calypso" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pernambuco">
<collectionCode id="65A8AE25FFE2FFE7F45685FD078B5488" box="[604,677,1161,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">LBIM</collectionCode>
.D.NBE 1017 (fragment deposited in UFRJPOR 3434),
<location id="0666603BFFE2FFE7F32985FC00B25489" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B1087F6FFE2FFE6F69D82C8074E51F8:0666603BFFE2FFE7F32985FC00B25489" box="[1315,1436,1160,1185]" country="Brazil" latitude="-8.316667" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-34.65" municipality="Calypso" name="Off Recife" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" stateProvince="Pernambuco">Off Recife</location>
city (
<geoCoordinate id="668D5027FFE2FFE7F6DA85D9043954ED" box="[208,279,1197,1221]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" precision="925" value="-8.316667">8º19’S</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="668D5027FFE2FFE7F72285D904BC54ED" box="[296,402,1197,1221]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" precision="925" value="-34.65">34º39’W</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingRegion id="C17DF802FFE2FFE7F7AC85D8071C54ED" box="[422,562,1196,1221]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
State,
<collectingCountry id="7BAE7670FFE2FFE7F47585D807E854ED" box="[639,710,1196,1221]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<elevation id="8894D1D3FFE2FFE7F4DB85D8062454EC" box="[721,778,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="75.0">
<quantity id="C4419B05FFE2FFE7F4DB85D8062454EC" box="[721,778,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="75.0">75 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth,
<collectingMunicipality id="E362AC9AFFE2FFE7F55785D8069754ED" box="[861,953,1196,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Calypso</collectingMunicipality>
sta.
<collectingDate id="6743E9C8FFE2FFE7F5E785D9014454EC" box="[1005,1130,1197,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" value="1921-11-23">
<date id="77071020FFE2FFE7F5E785D9014454EC" box="[1005,1130,1197,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" value="1921-11-23">23, 21 Nov</date>
</collectingDate>
1961 (
<figureCitation id="9B822A65FFE2FFE7F2B385D801D454ED" box="[1209,1274,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,822,844]" captionTargetBox="[187,1398,211,782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[176,1410,195,798]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Collection sites. Circles represent the distribution of Scalarispongia tubulata sp. nov.; triangle represents the type locality of Scalarispongia cooki sp. nov.; square represents the type locality of Thorecta cincta n. comb." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257871/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BA3656BFFE2FFE7F6CD85A4001C55CD" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="030636E0FFE2FFE7F6CD85A404CA5525" blockId="2.[151,1436,1160,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F6CD85A4046F54C1" bold="true" box="[199,321,1232,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C4B94D63FFE2FFE7F74485A4049C54C1" box="[334,434,1232,1257]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Thorecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F74485A4049C54C1" box="[334,434,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Thorecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pear-shaped, with conulose surface, one large apical oscule and many small oscula forming a sub-equatorial belt.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="030636E0FFE2FFE7F6CD846C001C55CD" blockId="2.[151,1436,1160,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F6CD846C04FF5519" bold="true" box="[199,465,1304,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">External Morphology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9B822A65FFE2FFE7F7E2846C071F5518" box="[488,561,1304,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionTargetBox="[174,1436,555,1612]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1614]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thorecta cincta n. comb. (A – C) Holotype (MNHN. LBIM. D. NBE 1017); (D) Fragment from holotype (UFRJPOR 3434). Scale bars: A – C, 2 cm; D, 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257872/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A–D). Habit massive, pear-shaped to ficiform,
<quantity id="C4419B05FFE2FFE7F264846C01E15518" box="[1134,1231,1304,1329]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" unit="cm" value="10.5">10.5 cm</quantity>
high by
<quantity id="C4419B05FFE2FFE7F343846C00B25518" box="[1353,1436,1304,1329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" unit="cm" value="7.5">7.5 cm</quantity>
maximum width. Color is purplish-brown
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F48F844907FB557C" box="[645,725,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">in vivo</emphasis>
, becoming dark brown in ethanol. The surface is irregularly conulose, with blunt, folded conules up to
<quantity id="C4419B05FFE2FFE7F489841407E85550" box="[643,710,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
in height and
<quantity id="C4419B05FFE2FFE7F565841406E05550" box="[879,974,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
apart. The tips of the conules are finely rugose due to the extremities of fiber clusters that protrude slightly beyond the surface. Grooves are present between some of the conules. The surface is thick, detachable, coriaceous. There is one large oscule at the top of the sponge and a sub-equatorial belt of smaller oscula. The consistency is firm and slightly compressible.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BA3656BFFE2FFE7F6CD848401735765" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" type="description">
<paragraph id="030636E0FFE2FFE7F6CD84840754572D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1160,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F6CD848404005621" bold="true" box="[199,302,1520,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Skeleton</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9B822A65FFE2FFE7F734848404AF5620" box="[318,385,1520,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1413,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1387]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1391]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thorecta cincta n. comb. (A) Cross section, showing the dermal armour (da) and the fiber skeleton; (B) Fiber reticulation near the surface (s); (C) Transverse section of the ladder-like skeleton, showing slightly cored primary fibers (pf), uncored secondary fibers (sf) and the surface (s); (D) Cored primary fiber (pf); (E) Uncored secondary fiber (sf) and meshes (m). Scale bars: A, 350 µm; B – C, 500 µm; D – E, 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257873/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–E). Dermal armour regular, granular, 340 µm thick (
<figureCitation id="9B822A65FFE2FFE7F5F0848401105620" box="[1018,1086,1520,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1413,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1387]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1391]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thorecta cincta n. comb. (A) Cross section, showing the dermal armour (da) and the fiber skeleton; (B) Fiber reticulation near the surface (s); (C) Transverse section of the ladder-like skeleton, showing slightly cored primary fibers (pf), uncored secondary fibers (sf) and the surface (s); (D) Cored primary fiber (pf); (E) Uncored secondary fiber (sf) and meshes (m). Scale bars: A, 350 µm; B – C, 500 µm; D – E, 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257873/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A). Choanosome cavernous. A regular ladder-like network of concentrically laminated primary and secondary fibers forms the choanosomal skeleton (
<figureCitation id="9B822A65FFE2FFE7F70F874C04675678" box="[261,329,1592,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1413,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1387]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1391]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thorecta cincta n. comb. (A) Cross section, showing the dermal armour (da) and the fiber skeleton; (B) Fiber reticulation near the surface (s); (C) Transverse section of the ladder-like skeleton, showing slightly cored primary fibers (pf), uncored secondary fibers (sf) and the surface (s); (D) Cored primary fiber (pf); (E) Uncored secondary fiber (sf) and meshes (m). Scale bars: A, 350 µm; B – C, 500 µm; D – E, 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257873/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C). Near the surface the fibers are thinner and the reticulation is less dense, with rounded meshes (
<figureCitation id="9B822A65FFE2FFE7F695872805CD565D" box="[159,227,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1413,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1387]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1391]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thorecta cincta n. comb. (A) Cross section, showing the dermal armour (da) and the fiber skeleton; (B) Fiber reticulation near the surface (s); (C) Transverse section of the ladder-like skeleton, showing slightly cored primary fibers (pf), uncored secondary fibers (sf) and the surface (s); (D) Cored primary fiber (pf); (E) Uncored secondary fiber (sf) and meshes (m). Scale bars: A, 350 µm; B – C, 500 µm; D – E, 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257873/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B). Primary fibers are axially cored by small amounts of debris, and may form fascicles (
<figureCitation id="9B822A65FFE2FFE7F2ED87280002565D" box="[1255,1324,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1413,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1387]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1391]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thorecta cincta n. comb. (A) Cross section, showing the dermal armour (da) and the fiber skeleton; (B) Fiber reticulation near the surface (s); (C) Transverse section of the ladder-like skeleton, showing slightly cored primary fibers (pf), uncored secondary fibers (sf) and the surface (s); (D) Cored primary fiber (pf); (E) Uncored secondary fiber (sf) and meshes (m). Scale bars: A, 350 µm; B – C, 500 µm; D – E, 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257873/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D). These fibers are uncored in the internal part of skeleton, where a granular pith can be observed. The secondary fibers are uncored and connect the primary fibers in right angles (
<figureCitation id="9B822A65FFE2FFE7F4F587D0066E5695" box="[767,832,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1413,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1387]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1391]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thorecta cincta n. comb. (A) Cross section, showing the dermal armour (da) and the fiber skeleton; (B) Fiber reticulation near the surface (s); (C) Transverse section of the ladder-like skeleton, showing slightly cored primary fibers (pf), uncored secondary fibers (sf) and the surface (s); (D) Cored primary fiber (pf); (E) Uncored secondary fiber (sf) and meshes (m). Scale bars: A, 350 µm; B – C, 500 µm; D – E, 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257873/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E). Primary fibers 50–77–110 µm in diameter (n = 10) and secondary fibers 30–47–70 µm in diameter (n = 10). The meshes are mostly rectangular, but a few are circular or ovoid: 50–224–470 by 50–164–320 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="030636E0FFE2FFE7F6CD8664066B5701" blockId="2.[151,1436,1160,2013]" box="[199,837,1808,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F6CD866404755701" bold="true" box="[199,347,1808,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Bathymetry.</emphasis>
The specimen was collected at
<quantity id="C4419B05FFE2FFE7F4CA866407D65700" box="[704,760,1808,1833]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="75.0">75 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="030636E0FFE2FFE7F6CD864001735765" blockId="2.[151,1436,1160,2013]" box="[199,1117,1844,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">
<materialsCitation id="B3D13CBDFFE2FFE7F6CD864001735765" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324562839" box="[199,1117,1844,1869]" country="Brazil" location="Pernambuco" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pernambuco">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F6CD8640072A5765" bold="true" box="[199,516,1844,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
Endemic from
<collectingCountry id="7BAE7670FFE2FFE7F4B9864007D25765" box="[691,764,1844,1869]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Off Recife,
<collectingRegion id="C17DF802FFE2FFE7F581864001395765" box="[907,1047,1844,1869]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
State.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BA3656BFFE2FFE6F6CD862C074E51F8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="030636E0FFE2FFE6F6CD862C010E50FC" blockId="2.[151,1436,1160,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F6CD862C04155759" bold="true" box="[199,315,1880,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Remarks.</emphasis>
This specimen was originally allocated in the genus
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F593862D011A5758" box="[921,1076,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="C4B94D63FFE2FFE7F593862D011E5758" box="[921,1072,1881,1904]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Cacospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cacospongia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
based on the presence of cored primary fibers and uncored secondary fibers (
<bibRefCitation id="67284B11FFE2FFE7F4A3860806B257BD" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[681,924,1916,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Resultats scientifiques des campagnes de la ' Calypso': Campagne de la ' Calypso' au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). I. 29. Spongiaires. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, 49 (Supplement 10), 263 - 295." type="journal article" year="1973">Boury-Esnault, 1973</bibRefCitation>
). Later, it was transferred to
<taxonomicName id="C4B94D63FFE2FFE7F2F8860800B257BD" box="[1266,1436,1916,1941]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Scalarispongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F2F8860800B257BD" box="[1266,1436,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">Scalarispongia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on
<bibRefCitation id="67284B11FFE2FFE7F70E86D407095790" author="Cook" box="[260,551,1952,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" refString="Cook, S. de C. &amp; Bergquist, P. R. (2000) Two new genera and five new species of the ' Cacospongia ' group (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida). Zoosystema, 22 (2), 383 - 400." type="journal article" year="2000">Cook &amp; Bergquist (2000)</bibRefCitation>
due its regular fiber skeleton (
<bibRefCitation id="67284B11FFE2FFE7F58D86D401495790" author="Muricy" box="[903,1127,1952,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. &amp; Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Serie Livros. nº 46. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 212 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Muricy
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F5EE86D501335791" box="[996,1053,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011
</bibRefCitation>
; van
<bibRefCitation id="67284B11FFE2FFE7F2AF86D4005E5791" author="Soest" box="[1189,1392,1952,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="160" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., Voogd, N. J. de, Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K .. R, Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, C. M. &amp; Cardenas, P. (2016) World Porifera Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / (accessed 17 February 2016)" type="journal article" year="2016">
Soest
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE2FFE7F2E086D5000A5791" box="[1258,1316,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). In this study, we show that this sponge has in fact an armoured dermal layer of foreign debris not mentioned in the original description, which, together with the cored primary fibers, uncored secondary fibers and rectangular meshes makes it fit better in the genus
<taxonomicName id="C4B94D63FFE3FFE6F44081C8013250FC" authority="Cook &amp; Bergquist (2002)" authorityName="Cook &amp; Bergquist" authorityYear="2002" box="[586,1052,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Thorecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="3" pageNumber="161" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE3FFE6F44081C807DD50FC" box="[586,755,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">Thorecta sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="67284B11FFE3FFE6F4F181C8013250FC" author="Cook" box="[763,1052,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="161" refString="Cook, S. de C. &amp; Bergquist, P. R. (2002) Family Thorectidae. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the supraspecific classification of the phylum Porifera. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 1040 - 1062." type="book chapter" year="2002">Cook &amp; Bergquist (2002)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="030636E0FFE3FFE6F6CD81AB074E51F8" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="C4B94D63FFE3FFE6F74C81AB048450D0" box="[326,426,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Thorecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="3" pageNumber="161" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE3FFE6F74C81AB048450D0" box="[326,426,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">Thorecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed mostly in the Indo-Pacific. To date, only
<taxonomicName id="C4B94D63FFE3FFE6F22181AB01D250D0" box="[1067,1276,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Thorecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="3" pageNumber="161" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE3FFE6F22181AB01D250D0" box="[1067,1276,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">Thorecta atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded from the Tropical
<collectingRegion id="C17DF802FFE3FFE6F77D807104FC5134" box="[375,466,261,284]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">Western</collectingRegion>
Atlantic Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="67284B11FFE3FFE6F4AF807006A05134" author="Santos" box="[677,910,260,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="161" refString="Santos, J. P., Silva, S. M., Bonifacio, P. H. O., Esteves, E. L., Pinheiro, U. S. &amp; Muricy, G. (2010) A new species of Thorecta (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the western Atlantic, with remarks on the taxonomy of the genus. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 90 (4), 775 - 782. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409990701" type="journal article" year="2010">
Santos
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE3FFE6F4F4807106135135" box="[766,829,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010
</bibRefCitation>
), and it has distinctive characteristics when compared with
<taxonomicName id="C4B94D63FFE3FFE6F742805304D45168" box="[328,506,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Thorecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="3" pageNumber="161" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cincta" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="31CDEAF2FFE3FFE6F742805304D45168" box="[328,506,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">Thorecta cincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AFE5789FFE3FFE6F409805C07445168" box="[515,618,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: the former has surface smooth or rugose, with closely-spaced irregular openings, large oscule with a large atrium, hard consistency, thicker fibers (up to 300 µm in width) and larger meshes (up to 2400 µm in diameter), whereas the latter is fig- or pear-shaped, has a conulose surface with rugose conules, a single apical oscule without atrium, a sub-equatorial belt of smaller oscules, thinner fibers (up to 110 µm) and smaller meshes (up to 470 µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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