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<document id="6754B751035FAA7E8678ACE46A01EBB4" ID-CLB-Dataset="39098" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="01332cd5-1374-4f4e-b84a-f73f543b5f40" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257750" ID-ZooBank="46B66923-EE17-4D90-8142-59708FA38F96" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1462516279438" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Prado-Vera, Ignacio Cid Del, Ferris, Howard &amp; Nadler, Steven A." docDate="2016" docId="8A7687E6FFBEFFF4FF1A0D7BFEC76FAB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4109.2.4.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4109 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Trischistoma helicoformis Prado-Vera, Ferris &amp; Nadler, 2016, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="183" masterDocId="764FFF9EFFB6FFFEFF8D0C53FF8D6A6C" masterDocTitle="Five new species of the family Trischistomatidae (Nematoda: Enoplida) from North and Central America, with keys to the species of Trischistoma and Tripylina" masterLastPageNumber="197" masterPageNumber="173" pageNumber="181" updateTime="1698662332136" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="761604652A6A0D0E1DDC43350A4969E0">Five new species of the family Trischistomatidae (Nematoda: Enoplida) from North and Central America, with keys to the species of Trischistoma and Tripylina</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="698AD3C0AC11D6FDCD73E8F1C985BE25">Prado-Vera, Ignacio Cid Del</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4189CE0451FD2C5ABAA1544C97BED7FB">Ferris, Howard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="847A361F40B92FD66D8B5B36C2FB607C">Nadler, Steven A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0D648F8F2429B04BFEE05925BAF2946A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1A8176C72E6A205BD72136B3827D78F7">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="8A7687E6FFBEFFF4FF1A0D7BFEC76FAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6066855" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120674654" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6066855" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A7687E6FFBEFFF4FF1A0D7BFEC76FAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A7687E6FFBEFFF4FF1A0D7BFEC76FAB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<subSubSection id="4AC5657BFFBEFFF6FF1A0D7BFD916B2E" box="[151,540,296,322]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBEFFF6FF1A0D7BFD916B2E" blockId="8.[151,540,296,322]" box="[151,540,296,322]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<heading id="5928819CFFBEFFF6FF1A0D7BFD916B2E" bold="true" box="[151,540,296,322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" reason="1">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FF1A0D7BFD916B2E" bold="true" box="[151,540,296,322]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBEFFF6FF1A0D7BFE5F6B2E" box="[151,466,296,322]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helicoformis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FF1A0D7BFE5F6B2E" bold="true" box="[151,466,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Trischistoma helicoformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B985799FFBEFFF6FE570D7BFD916B2E" box="[474,540,296,322]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AC5657BFFBEFFF6FF1A0D3DFE0A6E8B" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" type="description">
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBEFFF6FF1A0D3DFE216BEB" blockId="8.[151,1437,366,2011]" box="[151,428,366,391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FF1A0D3DFEC06BEB" bold="true" box="[151,333,366,391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Measurements.</emphasis>
<tableCitation id="4F5D034BFFBEFFF6FED90D3DFE2B6BEB" box="[340,422,366,391]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,260,283]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,342,1948]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of holotypes and paratypes of Trischistoma ripariana n. sp., T. corticulensis n. sp. and T. helicoformis n. sp. females. All measurements are in µm, except for L (mm); mean ± standard deviation, and ranges." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/56A06678FFB5FFFDFF1A0D57FAEA6B57" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" tableUuid="56A06678FFB5FFFDFF1A0D57FAEA6B57">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBEFFF6FF4A0DC1FD126BA3" blockId="8.[151,1437,366,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBEFFF6FF4A0DC1FE676BC7" box="[199,490,402,427]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helicoformis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FF4A0DC1FE676BC7" box="[199,490,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Trischistoma helicoformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FE7C0DC1FDA26BC7" bold="true" box="[497,559,402,427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B985799FFBEFFF6FE7C0DC1FDA26BC7" box="[497,559,402,427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was collected by the second author from lichen on a shrub along the Carretera Interamericana in
<collectingCountry id="7AC87660FFBEFFF6FEEE0DE4FE516BA3" box="[355,476,438,463]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
in August, 2012.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBEFFF6FF4A0D89FE0268EF" blockId="8.[151,1437,366,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FF4A0D89FE916B9F" box="[199,284,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Female</emphasis>
(n=18). Body slender without somatic setae, spiral shaped when relaxed, bent dorsally at the posterior end with tail dorsally reflexed after fixation. Cuticle thin, (1.0 µm) and finely striated under SEM; lip region continuous, rounded and asymmetric, 1015 (12±0.35) µm wide and 1316 (13±0.4) µm at the level of the cephalic setae which are 1015 (12±0.37) µm from the anterior end. The vulva is at 6779 (70±0.4)%; the index b = 3.94.6 (5.7±0.16) (Figs. 5,6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBEFFF6FF4A0EDDFF466987" blockId="8.[151,1437,366,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Mouth with three lips, opening somewhat dorsally shifted, mouth cavity narrow, encircled by pharyngeal musculature. Cephalic sensillae in three whorls: the inner labial setae are very small and thin, raised slightly above the cuticular surface at the base of each lip; the six outer labial setae are oriented slightly anteriorly and 46 (5±0.25) µm long, almost 50% of labial diameter; the four cephalic setae are 34 (3.0±0.1) µm long, much thinner than outer labial setae and 1114 (11±0.3) µm from the anterior end. Amphid apertures posterior to cephalic setae, 1527 (21± 1.0) µm from the anterior end. One cervical seta at 24 µm from the anterior end. Dorsal tooth small 1319 (15.8±0.42) µm from the anterior end and subventral teeth 1014 (12.4±0.4) µm anterior to the dorsal tooth. Pharynx cylindrical, strongly muscular in its posterior part, 170264 (235±5.65) µm long and 1527 (23 ±0.58)% of the total body length, terminating in a small cardia, 38 (5.2±0.58) µm long and 411 (8.1±0.48) µm wide (Figs. 5,6).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBEFFF6FF4A0FA5FDB36EAF" blockId="8.[151,1437,366,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
Genital system monovarial prodelphic without a post-uterine sac. Ovary extending anteriorly, not reflexed, vulva to anus distance 94179 (131±5.09) µm. Distance between pharynx base and vulva 452594 (564±26.3) µm. Vulval lips do not protrude and have thin sclerotised structures. Tail elongate conoid, regularly tapering, dorsally bent, 76101 (87±1.9) µm long, 1622 (20±0.5) µm wide at anus level, and 6.910.0 (8.6±0.17)% of total body length. A pair of setae in latero-dorsal position on the tail posterior to the anus. Rectum 1025 (16±0.97) µm long. Spinneret small, 2.0 µm long (
<figureCitation id="9AE42A75FFBEFFF6FE6108F9FDBD6EAF" box="[492,560,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,199,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Trischistoma helicoformis n. sp. Female A E. A: Anterior end; B: Vulva region; C: Pharyngeo-intestinal junction; D: Caudal setae lateral view; E: Body shape after death." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257755/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBEFFF6FF4A089DFE0A6E8B" blockId="8.[151,1437,366,2011]" box="[199,391,1230,1255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FF4A089DFE876E8B" box="[199,266,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Male:</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AC5657BFFBEFFF6FF4A08A1FCEE6F1B" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBEFFF6FF4A08A1FBBD6F43" blockId="8.[151,1437,366,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FF4A08A1FD856F67" bold="true" box="[199,520,1266,1291]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<typeStatus id="DD648852FFBEFFF6FF4A08A1FE8F6F67" box="[199,258,1266,1291]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Type</typeStatus>
habitat and locality.
</emphasis>
Lichen growing on bark of shrub
<quantity id="C5279B15FFBEFFF6FC3D08A0FC626F66" box="[944,1007,1267,1291]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
from the east side of the Carretera Interamericana,
<collectingCountry id="7AC87660FFBEFFF6FEC00944FE476F43" box="[333,458,1302,1327]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="67EB5037FFBEFFF6FE580944FDEA6F43" box="[469,615,1302,1327]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" precision="1" value="9.572945">N 9°34'22.6&quot;</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="67EB5037FFBEFFF6FDE30944FC9B6F43" box="[622,790,1302,1327]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" precision="1" value="-83.75745">W 83°45'26.8&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="C5279B15FFBEFFF6FCAF0944FCFA6F42" box="[802,887,1303,1327]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.341" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" unit="m" value="3341.0">3341 m</quantity>
above sea level.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBEFFF6FF4A0969FCEE6F1B" blockId="8.[151,1437,366,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FF4A0969FE046F3F" bold="true" box="[199,393,1338,1363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<typeStatus id="DD648852FFBEFFF6FF4A0969FE8F6F3F" box="[199,258,1338,1363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Type</typeStatus>
specimens.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="DD648852FFBEFFF6FE1D0969FE756F3F" box="[400,504,1338,1363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female
<collectionCode id="64CEAE35FFBEFFF6FDDE0968FD126F3F" box="[595,671,1339,1363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">CNHE</collectionCode>
9260 and
<typeStatus id="DD648852FFBEFFF6FC9B0968FC0C6F3F" box="[790,897,1339,1363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="64CEAE35FFBEFFF6FC050968FC586F3F" box="[904,981,1339,1363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">CNHE</collectionCode>
9261 of T.
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBEFFF6FBDA0969FB6E6F3F" box="[1111,1251,1338,1363]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helicoformis">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FBDA0969FB6E6F3F" box="[1111,1251,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">helicoformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are deposited in
<collectionCode id="64CEAE35FFBEFFF6FF1A090CFF6A6F1B" box="[151,231,1375,1399]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">CNHE</collectionCode>
;
<typeStatus id="DD648852FFBEFFF6FF7F090CFED06F1B" box="[242,349,1375,1399]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in
<collectionCode id="64CEAE35FFBEFFF6FE0C090CFE476F1B" box="[385,458,1375,1399]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">CNCP</collectionCode>
(A-081-2),
<collectionCode id="64CEAE35FFBEFFF6FDDD090CFD3C6F1B" box="[592,689,1375,1399]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">UCRNC</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="64CEAE35FFBEFFF6FD6A090CFCD36F1B" box="[743,862,1375,1399]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">USDANC</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AC5657BFFBEFFF6FF4A09D1FE396FD3" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBEFFF6FF4A09D1FE396FD3" blockId="8.[151,1437,366,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FF4A09D1FEC36FF7" bold="true" box="[199,334,1410,1435]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet come from the Greek ”helix” and refers to the spiral shape of the body when disturbed and after death.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AC5657BFFBEFFF6FF4A0999FEDF6C23" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBEFFF6FF4A0999FEDF6C23" blockId="8.[151,1437,366,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FF4A0999FD9A6F8F" bold="true" box="[199,535,1482,1507]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Diagnosis and relationships.</emphasis>
The new species is characterized by the spiral shape of the very thin body after death, the length of the tail 76101 (87±1.9) µm, the indices c= 1015 (12±0.25) and c= 4.06.3 (3.7±0.1); thin cuticle, the position of the vulva 6785 (78±0.8)%, and the length of the pharynx, 170264 (235±5.6) µm long (
<figureCitation id="9AE42A75FFBEFFF6FF120A65FF6E6C23" box="[159,227,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,199,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Trischistoma helicoformis n. sp. Female A E. A: Anterior end; B: Vulva region; C: Pharyngeo-intestinal junction; D: Caudal setae lateral view; E: Body shape after death." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257755/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="4F5D034BFFBEFFF6FF620A65FECC6C23" box="[239,321,1590,1615]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,260,283]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,342,1948]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of holotypes and paratypes of Trischistoma ripariana n. sp., T. corticulensis n. sp. and T. helicoformis n. sp. females. All measurements are in µm, except for L (mm); mean ± standard deviation, and ranges." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/56A06678FFB5FFFDFF1A0D57FAEA6B57" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" tableUuid="56A06678FFB5FFFDFF1A0D57FAEA6B57">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AC5657BFFBEFFF4FF4A0A09FEC76FAB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBEFFF6FF4A0A09FD446DB7" blockId="8.[151,1437,366,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBEFFF6FF4A0A09FE606C1F" box="[199,493,1626,1651]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helicoformis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FF4A0A09FE606C1F" box="[199,493,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">Trischistoma helicoformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FE7B0A09FDB56C1F" bold="true" box="[502,568,1626,1651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B985799FFBEFFF6FE7B0A09FDB56C1F" box="[502,568,1626,1651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is close to
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBEFFF6FD4D0A0FFCC76C1F" box="[704,842,1628,1651]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ripariana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FD4D0A0FFCC76C1F" box="[704,842,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">T. ripariana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FCDE0A09FC196C1F" bold="true" box="[851,916,1626,1651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B985799FFBEFFF6FCDE0A09FC196C1F" box="[851,916,1626,1651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBEFFF6FC5A0A0FFB096C1F" box="[983,1156,1626,1651]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="corticulensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FC5A0A0FFB096C1F" box="[983,1156,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">T. corticulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FB000A09FB426C1F" bold="true" box="[1165,1231,1626,1651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B985799FFBEFFF6FB000A09FB426C1F" box="[1165,1231,1626,1651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in the size of the body, outer labial setae, the thin cuticle and index b. It can be readily distinguished from them by the spiral habit of the dead body. From
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBEFFF6FE080AF7FD816CD7" box="[389,524,1700,1723]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ripariana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FE080AF7FD816CD7" box="[389,524,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">T. ripariana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FD9E0AF1FDDF6CD7" bold="true" box="[531,594,1698,1723]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B985799FFBEFFF6FD9E0AF1FDDF6CD7" box="[531,594,1698,1723]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, it differs in the length of the tail 76101 (87±2.0) vs. 3457 (46±1.8) µm, the size of the pharynx 170264 (235±5.6) vs. 188236 (213±2.6) µm, in the absence of a post-uterine sac and in the range of the position of the vulva 6785 (78±0.8) vs. 7983 (81±0.2)%. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBEFFF6FB030ABFFAB46D6F" box="[1166,1337,1770,1795]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="corticulensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FB030ABFFAB46D6F" box="[1166,1337,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">T. corticulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B985799FFBEFFF6FACD0AB9FAF26D6F" box="[1344,1407,1770,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" rank="species">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FACD0AB9FAF26D6F" bold="true" box="[1344,1407,1770,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the length of the tail 76101 (87±2.0) vs. 5184 (65±2.9) µm, in the length of the pharynx 170264 (235±5.6) vs151217 (181±6.2) µm and by the index c = 1015 (12±0.3) vs. 1419.5 (16±0.6), in the length of the tail, 76101 (87±2.0) vs. 5184 (65±2.9) µm and the vulva to anus distance, 94179 (131±5.0) vs. 194286 (247±8.9). It resembles
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBEFFF6FEAA0B2FFD996DFF" authority="Zhao, 2011" authorityName="Zhao" authorityYear="2011" box="[295,532,1914,1939]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="otaika">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBEFFF6FEAA0B2FFE056DFF" box="[295,392,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="181">T. otaika</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="664E4B01FFBEFFF6FE1C0B29FD996DFF" author="Zhao" box="[401,532,1914,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" refString="Zhao, Z. Q. (2011) A review of the genus Trischistoma Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Enoplida), with descriptions of four new species from New Zealand. Zootaxa, 3045, 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2011">Zhao, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, in the length of the body, and in the indices a and b, but it can be distinguished by the absence of a post-uterine sac, length of the tail, 5184 (65±2.9) vs. 8198 (91±7.0) µm and the length of the body 0.881.2 (1.0±0.2) vs. 1.21.3 µm (
<tableCitation id="4F5D034BFFBEFFF6FDE90B91FD356DB7" box="[612,696,1986,2011]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,260,283]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,342,1948]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of holotypes and paratypes of Trischistoma ripariana n. sp., T. corticulensis n. sp. and T. helicoformis n. sp. females. All measurements are in µm, except for L (mm); mean ± standard deviation, and ranges." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/56A06678FFB5FFFDFF1A0D57FAEA6B57" pageId="8" pageNumber="181" tableUuid="56A06678FFB5FFFDFF1A0D57FAEA6B57">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="56A06678FFBFFFF7FF1A0BD2FD436DD9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257755/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="182" targetBox="[159,1426,199,1889]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBFFFF7FF1A0BD2FD436DD9" blockId="9.[151,1436,1921,1973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBFFFF7FF1A0BD2FE9F6DFA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1921,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="182">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBFFFF7FE950BD2FD926DFB" box="[280,543,1921,1943]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="182" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helicoformis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBFFFF7FE950BD2FD926DFB" box="[280,543,1921,1943]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="182">Trischistoma helicoformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBFFFF7FDAB0BD2FDD26DFA" bold="true" box="[550,607,1921,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="182">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B985799FFBFFFF7FDAB0BD2FDD26DFA" box="[550,607,1921,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="182" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Female AE. A: Anterior end; B: Vulva region; C: Pharyngeo-intestinal junction; D: Caudal setae lateral view; E: Body shape after death.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="56A06678FFBCFFF4FF1A08CAFCCE6EA2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257756/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="183" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1155]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBCFFF4FF1A08CAFCCE6EA2" blockId="10.[151,1436,1177,1230]" pageId="10" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBCFFF4FF1A08CAFE996EC2" bold="true" box="[151,276,1177,1199]" pageId="10" pageNumber="183">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBCFFF4FE9008CAFDAB6EC3" box="[285,550,1177,1199]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="183" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helicoformis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBCFFF4FE9008CAFDAB6EC3" box="[285,550,1177,1199]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="183">Trischistoma helicoformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBCFFF4FDA208CAFDE76EC2" bold="true" box="[559,618,1177,1198]" pageId="10" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B985799FFBCFFF4FDA208CAFDE76EC2" box="[559,618,1177,1198]" pageId="10" pageNumber="183" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Female AD. A: Spiral body form; B: Anterior end, lateral view; C: Posterior end, lateral view with caudal seta inset; D: Caudal seta lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="026036F0FFBCFFF4FF4A08A9FEC76FAB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1274,1479]" pageId="10" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBCFFF4FF4A08A9FD886F7F" bold="true" box="[199,517,1274,1299]" pageId="10" pageNumber="183">Molecular characteristics.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBCFFF4FD9F08A9FCB06F7F" box="[530,829,1274,1299]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="183" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helicoformis">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBCFFF4FD9F08A9FCB06F7F" box="[530,829,1274,1299]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="183">Trischistoma helicoformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was identical in sequence to
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBCFFF4FB2008AFFAE96F7F" box="[1197,1380,1276,1299]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="183" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="veracruzense">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBCFFF4FB2008AFFAE96F7F" box="[1197,1380,1276,1299]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="183">T. veracruzense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differed from other
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBCFFF4FE02094DFDAD6F5B" box="[399,544,1310,1335]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="183" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBCFFF4FE02094DFDAD6F5B" box="[399,544,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="183">Trischistoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
congeners by 13 or more nucleotide differences in pairwise congeneric comparisons. There are strong morphological differences that distinguish the two species:
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBCFFF4FB280917FAD56F37" box="[1189,1368,1348,1371]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="183" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="veracruzense">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBCFFF4FB280917FAD56F37" box="[1189,1368,1348,1371]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="183">T. veracruzense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a post-uterine sac but
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBCFFF4FE0F0934FDA16F13" box="[386,556,1382,1407]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="183" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helicoformis">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBCFFF4FE0F0934FDA16F13" box="[386,556,1382,1407]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="183">T. helicoformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not and the body form of
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBCFFF4FC2E0934FBC06F13" box="[931,1101,1382,1407]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="183" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helicoformis">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBCFFF4FC2E0934FBC06F13" box="[931,1101,1382,1407]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="183">T. helicoformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, when disturbed by touch or when relaxed by heat, is a tight spiral while that of
<taxonomicName id="C5DF4D73FFBCFFF4FD7B09DFFC246FCF" box="[758,937,1420,1443]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripylidae" genus="Trischistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="10" pageNumber="183" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="veracruzense">
<emphasis id="30ABEAE2FFBCFFF4FD7B09DFFC246FCF" box="[758,937,1420,1443]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="183">T. veracruzense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an open C-shape with the posterior part curved dorsally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>