479 lines
61 KiB
XML
479 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.503.9532" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca832086-b433-4e0a-aec5-36e9bda50e76" ID-PMC="PMC4440270" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-503-23" ID-PubMed="26019669" ID-ZBK="305BDD0EC8EA4D4BA2804AF2CD7348F5" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-503-23" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 503" ModsDocTitle="Description of a new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838, from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa" checkinTime="1451244342484" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peer, Nasreen, Perissinotto, Renzo, Gouws, Gavin & Miranda, Nelson A. F." docDate="2015" docId="89D4B053C371D401C212D04636F3BB13" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 503: 23-43" docOrigin="ZooKeys 503" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.503.9532" docTitle="Potamonautes isimangaliso Peer & Gouws, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="4D5E76D6-BFEB-41CE-BF3D-EBD2AA3820D7" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FF9BFFBEFFA1AA73D87E3E3C8641FFE0" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838, from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1668160324837" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description of a new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838, from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Peer, Nasreen</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Perissinotto, Renzo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gouws, Gavin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Miranda, Nelson A. F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>503</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>23</mods:start>
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<mods:end>43</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.503.9532</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.503.9532</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-503-23</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">305BDD0EC8EA4D4BA2804AF2CD7348F5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">305BDD0EC8EA4D4BA2804AF2CD7348F5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152060019" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4D5E76D6-BFEB-41CE-BF3D-EBD2AA3820D7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/89D4B053C371D401C212D04636F3BB13" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Taxon classification Animalia Decapoda Potamonautidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/4D5E76D6-BFEB-41CE-BF3D-EBD2AA3820D7" authority="Peer & Gouws" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso Peer & Gouws</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="26">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="type series">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Type series.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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Holotype: male, CL = 37 mm, ephemeral pan 200 m away from the western fence of False Bay Park (FB3), iSimangaliso Wetland Park (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-27.958704">27°57'31.33"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="32.361706">32°21'42.15"E</geoCoordinate>
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; elevation 62 m), 2 February 2015, R. Perissinotto, R.H. Taylor, D. Bilton, M.S. Bird, S.J. du Plooy and L. Clennell legit (ISAM A78908).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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Allotype: female, CL = 27 mm, ephemeral pan, next to road leading from Dukandlovu campsite to False Bay Park entrance gate (FB5), 5 km south of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lister’s">Lister's</normalizedToken>
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Point, iSimangaliso Wetland Park (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-28.01436">28°0'51.70"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="32.365376">32°21'55.36"E</geoCoordinate>
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; elevation 10 m), 1 February 2015, R. Perissinotto, R.H. Taylor, D. Bilton, M.S. Bird, S.J. du Plooy and L. Clennell legit (ISAM A78909).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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Paratypes: one male, one female, collection data same as per holotype (NMMU); one male, ephemeral pan along the main road of False Bay Park (FB1), iSimangaliso Wetland Park (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-27.975561">27°58'32.02"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="32.364338">32°21'51.62"E</geoCoordinate>
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; elevation 42 m), 1 February 2015, R. Perissinotto, R.H. Taylor, D. Bilton, M.S. Bird, S.J. du Plooy, and L. Clennell
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="27" start="start">legit</pageBreakToken>
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(ISAM A78910); one male, ephemeral pan, collection data same as per allotype (ISAM A78911); two males, two females, ephemeral pan along the main road of False Bay Park (FB1), iSimangaliso Wetland Park (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-27.975561">27°58'32.02"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="32.364338">32°21'51.62"E</geoCoordinate>
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; elevation 42 m), 31 January 2015, R. Perissinotto, R.H. Taylor, D. Bilton, M.S. Bird, S.J. du Plooy, and L. Clennell legit (ISAM A78912); two females, collection data same as per holotype, 26 November 2013, R. Perissinotto, R.H. Taylor, N. Peer, N.A.F. Miranda, M.S. Bird, J.L. Raw and L. Clennell legit (NMMU); one male, one female, ephemeral pan near Sandy Point in False Bay Park (FB 6), iSimangaliso Wetland Park (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-27.976667">27°58'36.0"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="32.371387">32°22'17.0"E</geoCoordinate>
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; elevation 12 m), 25 November 2013, R. Perissinotto, R.H. Taylor, N. Peer, N.A.F. Miranda, M.S. Bird, J.L. Raw and L. Clennell legit (ISAM A78913); two males, ephemeral pan, collection data same as per allotype, 5 December 2012, R. Perissinotto, N.A.F. Miranda, N. Peer, J.L. Raw legit (ISAM A78914).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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Main distinguishing features of
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
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Gouws, Stewart & Reavell, 2001 as follows: slightly granulated, horizontal anterolateral margin more rounded than in
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
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; downward projection of postfrontal crest at exorbital edges; uniform colouration of dark purplish brown with lighter or orange coloured joints, cheliped tips and pereopods tips.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
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is larger than
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
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, with a maximum size of 37 mm CL recorded in males.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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Carapace (Fig. 4a, c). Cephalothorax somewhat vaulted (CH/CL = 0.57), wide (CWW/CL = 1.49) and ovoid in general. Branchial region extremely rounded, forming a quarter of a circle with anterolateral margin. Anterior margin straight, lying on same horizontal plane as anterolateral margin; anterolateral margin slightly granulated. Urogastric grooves well-defined; cardiac and cervical grooves well-defined where attached to the urogastric groove, but then becoming poorly defined and shallow towards edge of carapace. Epigastric lobes well-defined above postfrontal crest by two indentations forked from midpoint of postfrontal crest. Postfrontal crest slightly granulated, curving forward medially. Postfrontal crest indistinct medi
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="28" start="start">ally</pageBreakToken>
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but pronounced posterior to orbital margins, curving prominently downwards at epibranchial region. Moderate presence of small exorbital teeth, but complete absence of epibranchial teeth. Flank of carapace smooth, with clear horizontal (epimeral) suture separating pterygostomial region from subhepatic and suborbital regions; vertical (pleural) groove dividing subhepatic region from suborbital region.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. male holotype CWW 55.1 mm (ISAM A78908). a dorsal view b ventral view and c cephalothorax, frontal aspect. Scale bar: 10 mm. Photos: Nasreen Peer.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Sternites (Fig. 4b). Sternites 1 and 2 fused; first sulcus absent as a result; second sulcus s2/s3 prominent, running completely across sternum; third sulcus s3/s4 projecting downwards medially towards abdominopelvic region. Sulci and episternal sulci thereafter well-defined but shallow.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Third maxillipeds (Figs 4c, 5e). Filling entire buccal frame except transversely oval respiratory openings at top lateral corners. Ischium slightly scabrous, with pronounced groove running vertically. Flagellum on exopod of third maxilliped fairly long, curving upward at distal ends.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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Figure 5.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. male holotype CWW 55.1 mm (ISAM A78908). a major cheliped b minor cheliped c right mandibular palp posterior view d right mandibular palp anterior view e 3rd maxilliped f left gonopod 1 anterior view with enlarged terminal segment g left gonopod 1 posterior view with enlarged terminal segment h left gonopod 2 anterior view and i left gonopod 2 posterior view. Scale bars: 10 mm (a, b), 1 mm (c, d), 10 mm (e), 5 mm (f, g), 1 mm (h, i). Photos: Nasreen Peer.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Mandibular palp (Fig. 5c, d). Consisting of two segments; terminal segment undivided and smooth, with dense tuft of setae protruding from base; hirsute margins; light covering of setae on posterior surface; subterminal segment enlarged distally where it joins with terminal segment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Pereopods (Figs 4a, b, 5a, b). General right-handedness and prominent inequality of chelae where CRDL/CLDL = 1.32. Dactyl of major chela moderately arched; large interspace formed in major cheliped when fingers are closed, long slim interspace formed by closing of fingers in minor cheliped. Twenty four cutting teeth present on the dactyl of major cheliped and 29 on dactyl of minor cheliped; 3 larger and more prominent than the rest. Propodus fairly inflated; right propodus larger (CRPL/CLPL = 1.41) and wider (CRPW/CLPW = 1.75) than left. Left pollex with 25 cutting teeth and right propodus with 18. Carpus on either side containing one prominent tooth followed by one smaller tooth. Meri strongly granulated around margins; slender pereopods (pereopod 2: ML/MW = 3.28; pereopods 5: ML/MW = 2.17), pereopod 3 is longest and pereopod 5 shortest; ventral margins of meri smooth; ventral margins of propodi slightly serrated; dorsal margins of meri and propodi bearing fine sharp bristles; dactyli serrated and ending in sharp points.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Pleon (Fig. 4b). First five segments broad and short, with segments 6 and 7 longer; segments 1-6 four sided, with triangular distally-rounded terminal segment (telson).</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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Pleopods (Fig. 5f, g, h, i). Gonopod 1 bearing short terminal segment only 0.23 times the length of the subterminal segment. Terminal segment curving slightly away from midline when viewed posteriorly. Gonopod widest at base, with both subterminal and terminal segments tapering and ending in sharp point. Inner lateral margin of subterminal segment irregular; outer lateral margin curving in a concave manner towards middle of gonopod; both margins hirsute. Groove extending almost through entire length of gonopod, visible on posterior surface, lined with setae. Distal margin of subterminal segment irregularly curved. Gonopod 2 consisting of two segments; terminal segment relatively long (0.47 times length of subterminal segment), very slim; subterminal segment wide at base, sharply becoming very narrow around 0.4 of length at which point narrow process forms, leading up to terminal segment. Small tuft of
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="29" start="start">setae</pageBreakToken>
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present on outer margin of base of subterminal segment. Gonopod 2 curved, moving outwards away from medial line of gonopod proximally, curving back towards medial line distally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Variation. The major cheliped does not always display a pronounced interspace when fingers are closed. In juveniles and in the female allotype this was less prominent. The arching of chelipeds varies too, with some (particularly the minor chelipeds) bearing straight dactyli while others are fairly rounded. All collected specimens display a pronounced heterochely and all appear to be right-handed.</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="BC2EE6AD34600963561AD17053DDA8A3" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BC2EE6AD34600963561AD17053DDA8A3" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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Table 1. Morphometric variables (mm) of
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. holotype and paratype specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<table pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Variable</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Holotype</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Males (n=8)</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Females (n=7)</th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="live colouration">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Live colouration.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Colouration of carapace may vary between light brown, maroon, purplish-brown and almost black. Similarly, tips of dactyli may be either orange, bright yellow or a dull yellow.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Currently only known from the False Bay region of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park on the north-east coast of South Africa.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, False Bay - Western Shores: Mpophomeni Pan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-27.958704">27°57'31.33"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="32.361706">32°21'42.15"E</geoCoordinate>
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); Dukandlovu Pan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-28.01436">28°0'51.70"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="32.365376">32°21'55.36"E</geoCoordinate>
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); Main Road Pan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-27.975561">27°58'32.02"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="32.364338">32°21'51.62"E</geoCoordinate>
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); Sandy Point Pan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-27.976667">27°58'36.0"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="32.371387">32°22'17.0"E</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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The species is named after the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, located in northern KwaZulu-Natal, where it is currently thought to be micro-endemic. This is significant as the iSimangaliso Wetland Park falls within the Maputaland centre of endemism (
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Biological Conservations" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="2127 - 2138" title="Designing a transfrontier conservation landscape for the Maputaland centre of endemism using biodiversity, economic and threat data." url="10.1016/j.biocon.2008.06.010" volume="141" year="2008">Smith et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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), highlighting the importance of this park as a global biodiversity hotspot. The Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and contains three Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
|
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is easily distinguishable from most other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Potamonautes</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. found in South Africa.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes dentatus" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentatus">Potamonautes dentatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stewart, Coke & Cook, 1995,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes parvispina" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvispina">Potamonautes parvispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stewart, 1997,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes unispinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinus">Potamonautes unispinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stewart & Cook, 1998,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes warreni" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warreni">Potamonautes warreni</taxonomicName>
|
||
Calman, 1918 and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes calcaratus" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcaratus">Potamonautes calcaratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gordon, 1929) all bear dentate anterolateral margins or epibranchial corners, while
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a rounded epibranchial corner and mildly granular anterolateral margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes perlatus" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perlatus">Potamonautes perlatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H. Milne Edwards, 1837),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes granularis" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granularis">Potamonautes granularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Daniels, Stewart & Gibbons, 1998,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes sidneyi" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sidneyi">Potamonautes sidneyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rathbun, 1904,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes barbarai" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbarai">Potamonautes barbarai</taxonomicName>
|
||
Phiri & Daniels, 2014 and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes barnardi" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barnardi">Potamonautes barnardi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Phiri & Daniels, 2014 all have sharply-defined scabrous or granular epibranchial corners and prominent postfrontal crest, while
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a heavily rounded smooth epibranchial corner and poorly-defined postfrontal crest.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes parvicorpus" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvicorpus">Potamonautes parvicorpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Daniels, Stewart & Burmeister, 2001 also displays a finely granulated anterolateral margin and rounded epibranchial corners, but the resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
is superficial, as it differs in the indentation of its anterior margin where
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes parvicorpus" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvicorpus">Potamonautes parvicorpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears a slightly indented anterior margin while that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
lies straight. Further differences are seen in locality as the habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes parvicorpus" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvicorpus">Potamonautes parvicorpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to high mountain streams in the Western Cape (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniels, SR" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" pagination="181 - 197" title="Geographic patterns of genetic and morphological divergence amongst populations of a river crab (Decapoda, Potamonautidae) with the description of a new species from mountain streams in the Western Cape, South Africa." url="10.1046/j.1463-6409.2001.00061.x" volume="30" year="2001">Daniels et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes clarus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="30" start="start">Potamonautes</pageBreakToken>
|
||
clarus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gouws, Stewart & Coke, 2000,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes depressus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">Potamonautes depressus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Krauss, 1843),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes brincki" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brincki">Potamonautes brincki</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bott, 1960),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes flavusjo" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavusjo">Potamonautes flavusjo</taxonomicName>
|
||
Daniels, Phiri & Bayliss, 2014 and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gouws, Stewart & Reavell, 2001 all have smooth anterolateral margins and rounded smooth epibranchial corners but bear differences compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One of the diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes depressus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">Potamonautes depressus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the dorsally flattened carapace, where CL/CH = 2.3-2.6.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a more vaulted carapace with a CL/CH ratio of 1.6-1.8.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes brincki" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brincki">Potamonautes brincki</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes clarus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarus">Potamonautes clarus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smaller crabs (max CL = 27 mm in males for both species), preferring fast-flowing mountain stream habitats.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes flavusjo" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavusjo">Potamonautes flavusjo</taxonomicName>
|
||
is ecologically distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
and can be found in the Mpumalanga Highveld. In addition to this, the species is smaller and has flattened chelipeds, not adapted for burrowing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniels, SR" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" pagination="356 - 369" title="Renewed sampling of inland aquatic habitats in southern Africa yields two novel freshwater crab species (Decapoda: Potamonautidae: Potamonautes)." url="10.1111/zoj.12139" volume="171" year="2014">Daniels et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Light yellow chelipeds and ventral surfaces of pereopods characterise
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes flavusjo" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavusjo">Potamonautes flavusjo</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares a similar distribution, outward appearance and preference for air-breathing with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However various differences exist between the two species.The level and angle of anterolateral margin differ, where
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears an anterolateral margin lying on the same horizontal plane as the anterior margin. Conversely,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an anterolateral margin which angles downward to join the anterior margin and thus sits higher than the anterior margin. The downward angle of postfrontal crest at exorbital edges is seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Carapace flatness is indicated by the CL/CH ratio which equates to 1.5 for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 1.8 for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotypes. The maximum size (37 mm CL in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 25.5 mm CL in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), colouration (dark blue carapace with bright orange chelipeds in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and dark brown/purple carapace with brown or dull yellow cheliped in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
), inflation of chela with gap between propodus and dactyl (dactyl of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more arched than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the number of poorly-developed teeth on carpus (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
containing one prominent and three rudimentary teeth;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
containing one prominent and one rudimentary tooth) further distinguish the two species. Gonopods of both species are very similar with the only difference being the tuft of setae found at the base of pleopod 2 in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Specimens resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found in the Dwesa Forest, Eastern Cape and appear to be genetically nearly identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniels, SR" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" pagination="356 - 369" title="Renewed sampling of inland aquatic habitats in southern Africa yields two novel freshwater crab species (Decapoda: Potamonautidae: Potamonautes)." url="10.1111/zoj.12139" volume="171" year="2014">Daniels et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This further substantiates the genetic distinctiveness of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The smallest mature male of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded had a CL of 13.2 mm whilst all females recorded were mature (min CL = 18 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Preliminary sequence data for two mitochondrial gene regions (16S: GenBank accession number KR137640; COI: KR137642) generated from a representative of the new species, using approaches described elsewhere (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniels, SR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" pagination="511 - 523" title="Phylogenetic relationships of the southern African freshwater crab fauna (Decapoda: Potamonautidae: Potamonautes) derived from multiple data sets reveal biogeographic patterning." url="10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00281-6" volume="25" year="2002">Daniels et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Phiri, EE" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="310 - 332" title="Disentangling the divergence and cladogenesis in the freshwater crab species (Potamonautidae: Potamonautesperlatussensu lato) in the Cape Fold Mountains, South Africa, with the description of two novel cryptic lineages." url="10.1111/zoj.12103" volume="170" year="2014">Phiri and Daniels 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; G. Gouws unpubl.), were notably divergent (7.3% and 7.9%, respectively) from published 16S (AY042248;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniels, SR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" pagination="511 - 523" title="Phylogenetic relationships of the southern African freshwater crab fauna (Decapoda: Potamonautidae: Potamonautes) derived from multiple data sets reveal biogeographic patterning." url="10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00281-6" volume="25" year="2002">Daniels et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and COI (AF510879;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daniels, SR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" pagination="511 - 523" title="Phylogenetic relationships of the southern African freshwater crab fauna (Decapoda: Potamonautidae: Potamonautes) derived from multiple data sets reveal biogeographic patterning." url="10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00281-6" volume="25" year="2002">Daniels et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from KwaZulu-Natal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" type="habitat and ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="31" start="start">Potamonautes</pageBreakToken>
|
||
isimangaliso
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. inhabits freshwater ephemeral pans (maximum salinity recorded: 0.75) which fill up with fresh, oxygen-deprived water after rainfall events, mainly during the summer wet season. These pans are located along the western shores of False Bay, Lake St Lucia (Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
|
||
) in clearings of the sand forest biome of False Bay and are generally partially shaded.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found in close proximity although
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been found in False Bay Park and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been found outside of the park. Furthermore, a difference in habitat type between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gouws, Stewart & Reavell, 2001 is seen, where the latter is known to inhabit burrows well above the surface water line in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ficus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Barringtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Barringtonia" order="Ericales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Barringtonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
swamps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gouws, G" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="137 - 160" title="A new species of freshwater crab (Decapoda, Potamonautidae) from the swamp forests of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: biochemical and morphological evidence." url="10.1163/156854001750096256" volume="74" year="2001">Gouws et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while the new species was found in close association with ephemeral pans in sand forest habitat with burrows extending below the surface waterline. Vegetation types include the dominant canopy species
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cleisthantus" lsidName="Cleisthantus schlechteri" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="schlechteri">Cleisthantus schlechteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Hymenocardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenocardia ulmoides" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ulmoides">Hymenocardia ulmoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psydrax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psydrax fragrantissima" order="Gentianales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fragrantissima">Psydrax fragrantissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton pseudopulchellus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudopulchellus">Croton pseudopulchellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Putranjivaceae" genus="Drypetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Drypetes arguta" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arguta">Drypetes arguta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kirkwood & Midgley, 1999), as well as various
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moll, EJ" editor="Bruton, MN" journalOrPublisher="Rhodes University, Grahamstown and Wildlife Society of Southern Africa, Durban" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="52 - 68" title="Terrestrial plant ecology." volumeTitle="Studies on the Ecology of Maputaland" year="1980">Moll 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Grass species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Paspalum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paspalum vaginatum" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vaginatum">Paspalum vaginatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Eleochoris" lsidName="Eleochoris" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Eleochoris</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. are also closely associated with this environment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moll, EJ" editor="Bruton, MN" journalOrPublisher="Rhodes University, Grahamstown and Wildlife Society of Southern Africa, Durban" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="52 - 68" title="Terrestrial plant ecology." volumeTitle="Studies on the Ecology of Maputaland" year="1980">Moll 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Aquatic plants associated with the ephemeral pans include the reed
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Typhaceae" genus="Typha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Typha capensis" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">Typha capensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the sedge
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaceae" genus="Juncus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juncus kraussii" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kraussii">Juncus kraussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the mangrove fern
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Acrostichum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acrostichum aureum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureum">Acrostichum aureum</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the duckweed
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lemna" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lemna</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Howard-Williams, C" editor="Kirkwood, D" journalOrPublisher="Bothalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="293 - 304" title="Aquatic macrophytes of the coastal wetlands of Maputaland." volume="29" volumeTitle="The floristics of Sand Forest in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa" year="1980">Howard-Williams 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Figure 6. Sampling localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.: a Main Road Pan (FB1) b Mpophomeni Pan (FB3) c Dukandlovu Pan (FB5) and d Sandy Point Pan (FB6), completely dry during Feb 2015. Photos:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
|
||
Lynette Clennell; d Nasreen Peer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="32" start="start">Potamonautes</pageBreakToken>
|
||
isimangaliso
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults form burrows on the banks of these pans (Fig. 7a), while juveniles are found either in burrows or free-crawling in shallow water (2-50 cm). The species lives sympatrically with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes sidneyi" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sidneyi">Potamonautes sidneyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
but is separated by habitat type, with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes sidneyi" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sidneyi">Potamonautes sidneyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabiting flowing streams and able to withstand higher salinities of up to 9 (18 May 2013, Mpophomeni Stream,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-27.951992">27°57'7.17"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="32.377003">32°22'37.21"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Oxygen levels in the pans inhabited by
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
are quite low compared to flowing streams (Table 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Figure 7. A Burrows of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. are typically found on the banks of ephemeral pans and are even maintained when pans are completely dry B
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. in its natural habitat. Photos: Lynette Clennell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="4179206FB665564DD562747F3EFDBFE6" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4179206FB665564DD562747F3EFDBFE6" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Table 2. Physico-chemical parameters of sampling localities †.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<table pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">Main Road Pan (FB1)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">Mpophomeni Stream (FB2)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">Mpophomeni Pan (FB3)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">Dukandlovu Pan (FB5)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Although the species appears to be more closely associated with water than its morphologically closest congener,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes lividus" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Potamonautes lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gouws, G" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="137 - 160" title="A new species of freshwater crab (Decapoda, Potamonautidae) from the swamp forests of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: biochemical and morphological evidence." url="10.1163/156854001750096256" volume="74" year="2001">Gouws et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the low levels of oxygen characteristic of the pans along with the ephemeral nature of the waterbodies indicate a greater affinity for a terrestrial lifestyle, as it may be more effective to obtain oxygen through air-breathing. This has been recorded previously in various African freshwater brachyuran genera and a high-vaulted carapace may be indicative of this change, where periods of dryness favour the evolution of burrowing semi-terrestrial, air-breathing tendencies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cumberlidge, N" journalOrPublisher="IRD Editions, Paris, France" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" title="The Freshwater Crabs of West Africa: Family Potamonautidae." year="1999">Cumberlidge 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cumberlidge, N" editor="Smith, KG" journalOrPublisher="IUCN & Wetlands International report" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" pagination="56 - 72" title="The status and distribution of freshwater crabs." volumeTitle="The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Western Africa" year="2009">Cumberlidge 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes isimangaliso" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isimangaliso">Potamonautes isimangaliso</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been observed in deep burrows (30-50 cm) around desiccated pools. Because the rainy season in this area is generally restricted to the period November-April (late Austral spring to early Autumn), much of the population hibernates deep in the mud, where traces of moisture persist throughout the dry season. Crabs return to the surface only after major rainfall events have filled up the ephemeral pools. The summer of 2014-2015 had been particularly dry in the area, with substantial rain falling in the False Bay area starting only in the middle of January (69 mm during 15-17 Jan, 54 mm during 28-30 Jan 2015; False Bay Park Meteo Station). Numerous adult and sub-adult crabs were observed from 31 Jan to 3 Feb in the newly filled ephemeral pools but hardly any young juvenile, indicating that the previous drought conditions had not allowed spawning to happen yet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
The feeding ecology of the species is largely unknown, although
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamonautes" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Potamonautes</taxonomicName>
|
||
crabs are generally thought to shift from a diet of aquatic invertebrates to a more herbivorous or opportunistic diet with age (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hill, MP" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Aquatic Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="42 - 50" title="Some aspects of the ecology of the freshwater crab (Potamonautesperlatus Milne Edwards) in the upper reaches of the Buffalo River, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." url="10.1080/10183469.1992.9631323" volume="18" year="1992">
|
||
Hill and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Keeffe">O'Keeffe</normalizedToken>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The chelar dentition is serrate and the larger crusher chela lacks rounded or molariform occlusive geometry in the proximal region, probably due to wearing down over time. The dentition of the chela is indicative of an opportunistic omnivorous diet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yamada, SB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="191 - 211" title="Claw morphology, prey size selection and foraging efficiency in generalist and specialist shell-breaking crabs." url="10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00122-6" volume="220" year="1998">Yamada and Boulding 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |