469 lines
68 KiB
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469 lines
68 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FEB17072376A3CFCA51A7AB6D50D7914">A new species of myrmecophilous lady beetle in the genus Diomus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Diomini) from Chiapas, Mexico that feeds on green coffee scale, Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E302FE3EB2023EF00ECED6A35D01C729">Vandenberg, Natalia J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3241757A3BC817653622096D0E2C7930">Iverson, Aaron</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B7CD6FDF052F93078EADCE9AB803A59">Liere, Heidi</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="886E87D0FFD7EB13F1C9C5A2FBC53646" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5968649" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143970673" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5968649" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:886E87D0FFD7EB13F1C9C5A2FBC53646" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/886E87D0FFD7EB13F1C9C5A2FBC53646" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<subSubSection id="48DD654DFFD7EB16F1C9C5A2FE6D37F1" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="007836C6FFD7EB16F1C9C5A2FDF63790" blockId="2.[151,539,151,211]" box="[151,539,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<heading id="5B3081AAFFD7EB16F1C9C5A2FDF63790" bold="true" box="[151,539,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F1C9C5A2FDF63790" bold="true" box="[151,539,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F1C9C5A2FE5A3793" bold="true" box="[151,439,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD7EB16F1C9C5A2FE5C3793" authority="Vandenberg & Iverson & Liere, 2018" authorityName="Vandenberg & Iverson & Liere" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,433,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupusapudoves" status="sp. nov.">Diomus lupusapudoves</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="298057AFFFD7EB16F0E0C5ADFDF63790" box="[446,539,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="007836C6FFD7EB16F1C9C58FFE6D37F1" blockId="2.[151,539,151,211]" box="[151,384,186,211]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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(
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<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD7EB16F1C1C58FFEE637F1" box="[159,267,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–3" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4–8" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1529,1552]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,340,1509]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,340,1509]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–3. Photos taken in a coffee agroecosystem, Finca Irlanda, Chiapas, Mexico: 1, closeup of coffee plant infested with green coffee scale, C. viridis—note larva of the lady beetle D. lupusapudoves feeding on a scale near the leaf vein despite the proximity of P. synanthropica ants (center of image). 2, Closeup of D. lupusapudoves larva feeding on scale. 3, pupa of D. lupusapudoves—note glandular hairs on cuticle, and shed larval skin partially visible near caudal end." captionText-1="FIGURES 4–8. Diomus spp. adult habitus illustrations: 4–7, D. lupusapudoves (4, male holotype; 5–6, common variations in male color pattern present in the type series; 7, representative female paratype); 8, D. urban, female from Chiapas, Mexico." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1247208/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1247210/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Figs. 1–7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD7EB16F048C58EFECB37F1" box="[278,294,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–10" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1006,1029]" captionTargetBox="[340,1211,209,936]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,185,990]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–10. Diagrammatic ventral view of Diomus prosterna (setae, color patterns and surface punctation not indicated): 9, D. lupusapudoves; 10, D. urban, showing central part only." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247212/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD7EB16F06CC58FFE9537F1" box="[306,376,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 11–13" captionStart-1="FIGURES 14–15" captionStartId-0="6.[151,264,1462,1485]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,264,1391,1414]" captionTargetBox-0="[260,1328,197,1423]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,409,1370]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1441]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[151,1436,409,1370]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 11–13. Genitalia of D. lupusapudoves: 11, ventral view of male phallobase; 12, left lateral view of male penis; 13, ventral view of female genitalia showing spermatheca with accessory gland, sperm duct, and anterior part of bursa." captionText-1="FIGURES 14–15. Mature larva of D. lupusapudoves: 14, dorsal view; 15, ventral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1247214/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1247216/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">11–15</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48DD654DFFD7EB16F1C9C437FB9E33BD" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="007836C6FFD7EB16F1C9C437FDA63689" blockId="2.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F1C9C437FEFC3639" bold="true" box="[151,273,258,283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Due to variability in the dorsal color pattern (
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<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD7EB16F246C437FC683639" box="[792,901,258,283]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–8" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–8. Diomus spp. adult habitus illustrations: 4–7, D. lupusapudoves (4, male holotype; 5–6, common variations in male color pattern present in the type series; 7, representative female paratype); 8, D. urban, female from Chiapas, Mexico." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247210/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Figs. 4–7</figureCitation>
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), the new species is best identified by the exact configuration of the adult male genital structures (
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<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD7EB16F253C413FC71361D" box="[781,924,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1462,1485]" captionTargetBox="[260,1328,197,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1441]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Genitalia of D. lupusapudoves: 11, ventral view of male phallobase; 12, left lateral view of male penis; 13, ventral view of female genitalia showing spermatheca with accessory gland, sperm duct, and anterior part of bursa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247214/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Figs. 11–12</figureCitation>
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) and by the myrmecophilous, onisciform (=platyform) larva (
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<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD7EB16F028C47FFE103641" box="[374,509,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–15" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1391,1414]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1370]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,409,1370]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 14–15. Mature larva of D. lupusapudoves: 14, dorsal view; 15, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247216/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Figs. 14–15</figureCitation>
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) possessing a finely granulate dorsum devoid of setae, and with the epipleurum of each abdominal segment extended into an oblique lateral plate, forming a protective skirt-like border to shield the underside of the body and appendages.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="007836C6FFD7EB16F199C483FEBC3479" blockId="2.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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This species closely resembles another myrmecophile,
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<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD7EB16F21DC482FB0636ED" authority="(Fabricius, 1801)" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1801" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[835,1259,438,463]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus">
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<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F21DC482FBF736EC" box="[835,1050,438,462]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Diomus thoracicus</emphasis>
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(Fabricius, 1801)
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</taxonomicName>
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, recorded from northern South America and the Antilles, to
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<collectingRegion id="C203F824FFD7EB16F3C9C4EFFD0036D1" box="[663,749,474,499]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<collectingCountry id="78D07656FFD7EB16F3C9C4EFFD0036D1" box="[663,749,474,499]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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and southern
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<collectingRegion id="C203F824FFD7EB16F2CFC4EFFC0F36D1" box="[913,994,474,499]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Florida</collectingRegion>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD7EB16F2ADC4EFFB9D36D1" box="[1011,1136,474,499]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" refId="ref4850" refString="Peck, S. B. (2015) The beetles of the Lesser Antilles (Insecta, Coleoptera): diversity and distributions. Insecta Mundi, 0 460, 1 - 360." type="journal article">Peck 2015</bibRefCitation>
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), but the adult of our new species is smaller on average (
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<quantity id="C73F9B23FFD7EB16F35DC4CAFD7D3534" box="[515,656,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.1 mm</quantity>
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vs. 2.0–
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<quantity id="C73F9B23FFD7EB16F3A6C4CAFCBA3535" box="[760,855,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD7EB16F230C4CAFBAA3534" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[878,1095,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus">
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<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F230C4CAFBAA3534" box="[878,1095,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Diomus thoracicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male genitalia (illustrated in
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<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD7EB16F1C9C717FEC33519" box="[151,302,546,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" refId="ref4197" refString="Gordon, R. (1999) South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Part VI: A systematic revision of the South American Diomini, new tribe (Scymninae). Annales Zoologici, Warsaw, 49, 1 - 219." type="journal article">Gordon 1999</bibRefCitation>
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) are structurally quite similar as well, but possess at least 1.5× the number of setae along the outer margins of each paramere and have the trabes strongly inflated in apical 2/3. The larva of
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<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD7EB16F5F0C772FAA4357C" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[1198,1353,582,606]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus">
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<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F5F0C772FAA4357C" box="[1198,1353,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">D. thoracicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is also onisciform (
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<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD7EB16F040C75EFE1135A1" box="[286,508,619,643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" refId="ref5275" refString="Vantaux, A., Roux, O., Magro, A., Ghomsi, N. T., Gordon, R. D., Dejean, A. & Orivel, J. (2010) Host-specific myrmecophily and myrmecophagy in the tropical coccinellid Diomus thoracicus in French Guiana. Biotropica, 42, 622 - 629. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7429.2009.00614. x" type="journal article">
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Vantaux
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<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F0DDC75EFE5635A1" box="[387,443,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD7EB16F359C75EFD2835A1" box="[519,709,619,643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" refId="ref4885" refString="Roux, O., Vantaux, A., Petitclerc, F., Orivel, J., Dejean, A. & Billen, J. (2017) Structural adaptations and mechanism of reflex bleeding in the larvae of the myrmecophilous ladybird Diomus thoracicus. Arthropod Structure & Development, 46 (4), 529 - 536." type="journal article">
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Roux
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<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F315C75EFD6E35A1" box="[587,643,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2017
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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), but has the dorsal surface a uniform light bluish gray except for the contrasting white epipleurum of each abdominal segment. The perimeter of the body is distinctly fimbriate in
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<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD7EB16F1C9C786FEDF35E9" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[151,306,691,715]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus">
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<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F1C9C786FEDF35E9" box="[151,306,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">D. thoracicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, whereas the new species has only a few setae on the head and posterior end of the abdomen. In addition, the head of the
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<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD7EB16F0E7C7E2FDBE35CC" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[441,595,726,750]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus">
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<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F0E7C7E2FDBE35CC" box="[441,595,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">D. thoracicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larva projects anteriorly, and is not enclosed laterally by the sides of the pronotum as it is in the new species. Although larvae of both species are myrmecophilous,
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<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD7EB16F5D1C7CEFAC53431" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[1167,1320,763,787]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F5D1C7CEFAC53431" box="[1167,1320,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">D. thoracicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae are intranidal parasites that feed on ant brood, whereas larvae of the new species are coccidophagous and occur on open vegetation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD7EB16F199C653FB9E33BD" blockId="2.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Another species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD7EB16F0D3C652FD71345D" authority="Gordon, 1999" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1999" box="[397,668,870,895]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urban">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F0D3C652FE18345C" box="[397,501,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">D. urban</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD7EB16F0A0C653FD71345D" box="[510,668,870,895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" refId="ref4197" refString="Gordon, R. (1999) South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Part VI: A systematic revision of the South American Diomini, new tribe (Scymninae). Annales Zoologici, Warsaw, 49, 1 - 219." type="journal article">Gordon, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD7EB16F3F3C653FD1E345D" box="[685,755,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–8" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–8. Diomus spp. adult habitus illustrations: 4–7, D. lupusapudoves (4, male holotype; 5–6, common variations in male color pattern present in the type series; 7, representative female paratype); 8, D. urban, female from Chiapas, Mexico." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247210/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), was found infrequently alongside the new species among colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD7EB16F040C6BEFE643481" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[286,393,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F040C6BEFE643481" box="[286,393,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">C. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the coffee agroecosystem that we studied in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C203F824FFD7EB16F2EEC6BFFBE03481" box="[944,1037,906,931]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C203F824FFD7EB16F545C6BFFB993481" box="[1051,1140,906,931]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78D07656FFD7EB16F545C6BFFB993481" box="[1051,1140,906,931]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Males and females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD7EB16F4DFC6BEFF3734E4" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urban">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F4DFC6BEFF3734E4" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">D. urban</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are superficially very similar to the unspotted male form of the new species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD7EB16F51DC69BFB5D34E5" box="[1091,1200,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–8" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–8. Diomus spp. adult habitus illustrations: 4–7, D. lupusapudoves (4, male holotype; 5–6, common variations in male color pattern present in the type series; 7, representative female paratype); 8, D. urban, female from Chiapas, Mexico." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247210/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
), but actually belong to an entirely different group within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD7EB16F31FC6E6FD7534C8" authorityName=": Weise" authorityYear="1895" box="[577,664,979,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F31FC6E6FD7534C8" box="[577,664,979,1002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Diomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD7EB16F3F7C6E7FCE934C9" authorityName=": Weise" authorityYear="1895" box="[681,772,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diomus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group G,
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F2DFC6E6FC5234C8" box="[897,959,979,1002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD7EB16F297C6E7FB8F34C9" box="[969,1122,978,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" refId="ref4197" refString="Gordon, R. (1999) South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Part VI: A systematic revision of the South American Diomini, new tribe (Scymninae). Annales Zoologici, Warsaw, 49, 1 - 219." type="journal article">Gordon 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) characterized by the male genitalia with extremely wide and densely setose, funnel-shaped parameres, and the penis with an apical flagellum. Females belonging to this group are distinguished by a heavily sclerotized, cylindrical or spindle-shaped nodulus and elongate tapered cornu of the spermathecal capsule. Externally, adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD7EB16F556C10AFB823374" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1999" box="[1032,1135,1086,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urban">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F556C10AFB823374" box="[1032,1135,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">D. urban</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from the new species by their slightly more robust form and the longer intercoxal process of the prosternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD7EB16F456C157FAB73359" box="[1288,1370,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–10" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1006,1029]" captionTargetBox="[340,1211,209,936]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,185,990]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–10. Diagrammatic ventral view of Diomus prosterna (setae, color patterns and surface punctation not indicated): 9, D. lupusapudoves; 10, D. urban, showing central part only." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247212/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) with the carinae more narrowly separated posteriorly and more weakly convergent anteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48DD654DFFD7EB11F199C19FFB3F3141" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD7EB16F199C19FFA7032C1" blockId="2.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD7EB16F199C19FFD0033E1" bold="true" box="[199,749,1194,1219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF7C8864FFD7EB16F025C19FFE0F33E1" box="[379,482,1194,1219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(adult, male) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD7EB16F3C8C19FFD3333E1" box="[662,734,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–8" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–8. Diomus spp. adult habitus illustrations: 4–7, D. lupusapudoves (4, male holotype; 5–6, common variations in male color pattern present in the type series; 7, representative female paratype); 8, D. urban, female from Chiapas, Mexico." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247210/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Length 2.0 mm, width
|
||
<quantity id="C73F9B23FFD7EB16F2A1C19FFBB733E0" box="[1023,1114,1194,1219]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Form broadly oval, convex (height =
|
||
<quantity id="C73F9B23FFD7EB16F05AC1FAFEB033C5" box="[260,349,1231,1255]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Metathoracic wing present. Dorsal surfaces finely granulate, feebly shining, distinctly punctate, pubescent. Coloration of head including mouthparts pale yellow with mandibular apex reddish amber; pronotum pale yellow with large irregularly rounded basomedian reddish brown spot. Elytron predominantly black with faint bluish sheen, with diffusely lighter yellow brown elytral apex; disc bearing large teardrop shaped oblique reddish orange mark; elytral epipleuron yellow brown with margins narrowly dark brown. Scutellar shield dark brown. Venter predominantly brown, darkest on meso-, metaventrite; prosternum pale yellow with median half yellow brown; mesepimeron paler than surrounding sclerites with margins narrowly darkened; abdomen pale brown, lighter, yellower toward apex. Legs pale yellow with meso-, metacoxae slightly darker. Pubescence shiny off white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD7EB16F199C0DBFDD531B4" blockId="2.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Dorsal punctation moderately coarse; punctures separated by approximately 1× diameter on elytron, equal in width to eye facet; punctures slightly coarser, more crowded on head, pronotum. Dorsal pubescence semierect, moderately dense, evenly distributed, lacking distinct setal pattern; individual setae equal to about 1/3 to 3/4× length of scutellar shield, arcuate; elytral setae directed more or less posteriorly except directed outwardly at sides of body, posteromedially near suture.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD7EB17F199C397FE4C363D" blockId="2.[151,1437,258,2011]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,287]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Head large, 0.64× width of pronotum; eye large, finely facetted, with interfacetal setae, distinctly notched near antennal insertion by small triangular ocular canthus; inner orbits evenly arcuate, with minimum separation near midlength; interocular distance 1.6× width of eye in frontal view. Antenna composed of 11 antennomeres; antennomere 3 elongate, about 2.3× length of antennomere 4; last four antennomeres subequal in length, forming gradual oval club expanding apically from antennomere 8–10; antennomere 11 subrhomboidal, slightly narrower, than 10. Maxillary palp with terminal palpomere strongly expanded distally, triangulate, about as long as greatest width. Pronotum with basal width about 2× length, tapered toward apex, strongly convex. Elytron in dorsal view with lateral margin evenly arcuate; elytral apices dehiscent. Ventral surfaces pubescent, distinctly punctate; punctation less even, generally less dense than elytral punctation. Prosternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD7EB16F55DC2F7FBAB30F9" box="[1027,1094,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–10" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1006,1029]" captionTargetBox="[340,1211,209,936]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,185,990]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–10. Diagrammatic ventral view of Diomus prosterna (setae, color patterns and surface punctation not indicated): 9, D. lupusapudoves; 10, D. urban, showing central part only." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247212/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) with intercoxal process short, broad, with convergent carinae extending to, merging near apex, framing ovotriangular depression. Suture between abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 distinct, linear; 5th ventrite with apex shallowly, roundly emarginate; 6th ventrite with apex bearing indistinct shallow notch at middle. Tarsal claw with broad scythe-like inner tooth extending from base to apical 1/3 or beyond.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="54B8664EFFD6EB17F1C9C0CCFB4D314E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247208/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" startId="3.[151,264,1529,1552]" targetBox="[151,1436,340,1509]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD6EB17F1C9C0CCFB4D314E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1529,1644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD6EB17F1C9C0CCFED1312D" bold="true" box="[151,316,1529,1552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
|
||
Photos taken in a coffee agroecosystem, Finca Irlanda, Chiapas, Mexico: 1, closeup of coffee plant infested with green coffee scale,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD6EB17F0D3C32FFE01310D" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[397,492,1561,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD6EB17F0D3C32FFE01310D" box="[397,492,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">C. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—note larva of the lady beetle
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD6EB17F278C32FFC36310D" authorityName="Vandenberg & Iverson & Liere" authorityYear="2018" box="[806,987,1561,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupusapudoves">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD6EB17F278C32FFC36310D" box="[806,987,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">D. lupusapudoves</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding on a scale near the leaf vein despite the proximity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD6EB17F01DC30CFE01316F" authorityName="Longino" authorityYear="2009" box="[323,492,1591,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="synanthropica">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD6EB17F01DC30CFE01316F" box="[323,492,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">P. synanthropica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ants (center of image). 2, Closeup of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD6EB17F233C30CFBCE316F" authorityName="Vandenberg & Iverson & Liere" authorityYear="2018" box="[877,1059,1591,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupusapudoves">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD6EB17F233C30CFBCE316F" box="[877,1059,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">D. lupusapudoves</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva feeding on scale. 3, pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD6EB17F4DDC30CFEC0314E" authorityName="Vandenberg & Iverson & Liere" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupusapudoves">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD6EB17F4DDC30CFEC0314E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">D. lupusapudoves</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—note glandular hairs on cuticle, and shed larval skin partially visible near caudal end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD6EB17F199C3ACFCD330AB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1689,2005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD6EB17F199C3ACFDFF3190" bold="true" box="[199,530,1689,1714]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD6EB17F0DCC3ACFDE93190" box="[386,516,1689,1714]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1462,1485]" captionTargetBox="[260,1328,197,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1441]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Genitalia of D. lupusapudoves: 11, ventral view of male phallobase; 12, left lateral view of male penis; 13, ventral view of female genitalia showing spermatheca with accessory gland, sperm duct, and anterior part of bursa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247214/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Figs 11–12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Basal lobe (=penis guide
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD6EB17F262C3AFFC973193" box="[828,890,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD6EB17F2DCC3ACFBC53193" box="[898,1064,1689,1714]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" refId="ref4962" refString="Slipinski, A. (2007) Australian Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Their Biology and Classification. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, ACT, 288 pp." type="book">Ślipiński 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) moderately flat, in ventral view expanding from base to apical 2/5, tapered beyond to pointed apex, asymmetrical, about 2/3 length of paramere. Paramere with apical 1/2 roundly expanded, with about 19–25 long setae along perimeter, with few shorter setae in more proximal position on each side; setae slightly flattened, broad at base, sharply pointed distally; inner (=ventral) surface of paramere with very short setae sparsely distributed. Penis (=aedeagus or sipho) with outer arm of capsule short, truncate, bearing semicircular crest on outer surface; inner arm short, roundly tapered; penis apex lacking flagellum, with slightly expanded membranous area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD6EB10F199C2A0FC653646" blockId="3.[151,1437,1689,2005]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD6EB17F199C2A0FE6C308C" bold="true" box="[199,385,1941,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD6EB17F072C2A0FE9F308C" box="[300,370,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–8" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–8. Diomus spp. adult habitus illustrations: 4–7, D. lupusapudoves (4, male holotype; 5–6, common variations in male color pattern present in the type series; 7, representative female paratype); 8, D. urban, female from Chiapas, Mexico." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247210/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to male except body form proportionally shorter, dorsal coloration uniformly medium brown. Prosternum and underside of head yellow brown. 5th abdominal ventrite with posterior margin roughly linear in median 1/3; 6th ventrite with posterior margin arcuate. Tarsal claw with short triangular tooth near base, not extending beyond apical 1/2. Spermathecal capsule of female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD1EB10F2BBC589FBDB37F6" box="[997,1078,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1462,1485]" captionTargetBox="[260,1328,197,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1441]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Genitalia of D. lupusapudoves: 11, ventral view of male phallobase; 12, left lateral view of male penis; 13, ventral view of female genitalia showing spermatheca with accessory gland, sperm duct, and anterior part of bursa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247214/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) moderately small, weakly bent near middle; nodulus (=collum) in the form of short annular projection; ramus sessile, with thorn-like apodeme (=beak
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD1EB10F1B1C430FEC0363E" box="[239,301,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD1EB10F069C431FE22363E" box="[311,463,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" refId="ref4197" refString="Gordon, R. (1999) South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Part VI: A systematic revision of the South American Diomini, new tribe (Scymninae). Annales Zoologici, Warsaw, 49, 1 - 219." type="journal article">Gordon 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) above accessory gland; cornu short, distinctly swollen distally. Sperm duct lacking sclerotized sheath or process (=infundibulum
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD1EB10F3C3C41CFCE53662" box="[669,776,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">auctorum</emphasis>
|
||
). Bursa with lightly sclerotized internal chamber (=bursal plate
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD1EB10F18AC478FEFF3646" box="[212,274,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD1EB10F047C479FE423646" box="[281,431,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" refId="ref4197" refString="Gordon, R. (1999) South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Part VI: A systematic revision of the South American Diomini, new tribe (Scymninae). Annales Zoologici, Warsaw, 49, 1 - 219." type="journal article">Gordon 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) visible as light brown ring-like structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="54B8664EFFD1EB10F1C9C3CDFA94300C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247210/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" startId="4.[151,264,1784,1807]" targetBox="[151,1436,409,1764]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD1EB10F1C9C3CDFA94300C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1784,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD1EB10F1C9C3CDFED6302C" bold="true" box="[151,315,1784,1807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">FIGURES 4–8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD1EB10F01CC3CFFE7C302D" authorityName=": Weise" authorityYear="1895" box="[322,401,1786,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD1EB10F01CC3CFFE7C302D" box="[322,401,1786,1807]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Diomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. adult habitus illustrations: 4–7,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD1EB10F255C3CFFC2F302D" authorityName="Vandenberg & Iverson & Liere" authorityYear="2018" box="[779,962,1785,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupusapudoves">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD1EB10F255C3CFFC2F302D" box="[779,962,1785,1807]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">D. lupusapudoves</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(4, male holotype; 5–6, common variations in male color pattern present in the type series; 7, representative female paratype); 8,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD1EB10F282C22CFBD5300C" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1999" box="[988,1080,1816,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urban">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD1EB10F282C22CFBD5300C" box="[988,1080,1816,1838]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">D. urban</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female from Chiapas, Mexico.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD1EB10F199C26FFC9530FD" blockId="4.[151,1437,1882,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD1EB10F199C26FFE563051" bold="true" box="[199,443,1882,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
Variation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD1EB10F018C26FFE433051" box="[326,430,1882,1907]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–8" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–8. Diomus spp. adult habitus illustrations: 4–7, D. lupusapudoves (4, male holotype; 5–6, common variations in male color pattern present in the type series; 7, representative female paratype); 8, D. urban, female from Chiapas, Mexico." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247210/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Figs 4–7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="C73F9B23FFD1EB10F346C26EFD4F3050" box="[536,674,1883,1907]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Male with basal mark on pronotum variable in size; reddish orange oblique mark on elytron may be absent or only faintly indicted as slightly lighter area on disc; pale band at elytral apex yellow to brown or indistinct. Female with dorsal coloration light brown to blackish, unicolorous or with anterior pronotal angles and extreme elytral apex defusely lighter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="54B8664EFFD0EB11F1C9C6DBFCE43301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247212/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" startId="5.[151,264,1006,1029]" targetBox="[340,1211,209,936]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD0EB11F1C9C6DBFCE43301" blockId="5.[151,1437,1006,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F1C9C6DBFEAA3326" bold="true" box="[151,327,1006,1029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">FIGURES 9–10.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagrammatic ventral view of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD0EB11F3D9C6C5FD3B3327" authorityName=": Weise" authorityYear="1895" box="[647,726,1008,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F3D9C6C5FD3B3327" box="[647,726,1008,1029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Diomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prosterna (setae, color patterns and surface punctation not indicated): 9,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD0EB11F1EEC13BFE883301" authorityName="Vandenberg & Iverson & Liere" authorityYear="2018" box="[176,357,1037,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupusapudoves">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F1EEC13BFE883301" box="[176,357,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">D. lupusapudoves</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 10,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD0EB11F0C7C13BFE193301" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1999" box="[409,500,1037,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urban">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F0C7C13BFE193301" box="[409,500,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">D. urban</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, showing central part only.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD0EB11F199C166FE5F32F6" blockId="5.[151,1437,1104,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F199C166FC41334E" bold="true" box="[199,940,1104,1132]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
Larva (based on field collected 2nd–4th instars) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD0EB11F25DC166FCA7334E" box="[771,842,1107,1132]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1529,1552]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,340,1509]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,340,1509]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Photos taken in a coffee agroecosystem, Finca Irlanda, Chiapas, Mexico: 1, closeup of coffee plant infested with green coffee scale, C. viridis—note larva of the lady beetle D. lupusapudoves feeding on a scale near the leaf vein despite the proximity of P. synanthropica ants (center of image). 2, Closeup of D. lupusapudoves larva feeding on scale. 3, pupa of D. lupusapudoves—note glandular hairs on cuticle, and shed larval skin partially visible near caudal end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247208/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD0EB11F204C166FC73334E" box="[858,926,1107,1132]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–15" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1391,1414]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1370]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,409,1370]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 14–15. Mature larva of D. lupusapudoves: 14, dorsal view; 15, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247216/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">14-15</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Form broadly oval, onisciform. Body light grayish tan with head, thoracic and terminal abdominal plates medium brown. Anterior margin of head, posterior margin of abdominal apex with few simple setae. Dorsum devoid of setae, with granulate texture consisting of tiny fingerprint-like ridges and pits (visible at 50× magnification or greater), with eight conspicuous pairs of intersegmental pores near anterior borders of abdominal segments 1–8; first pair situated more anteriorly, appearing to extend onto base of metanotum. Head with frontal arms of epicranial suture well developed; epicranial stem obsolete. Pronotum with pair of pigmented plates; external pronotal margins expanded, flattened, surrounding sides of head. Meso-, metanotum similarly expanded, each with two pairs of small pigmented plates. Abdominal segments transverse, with expanded, flattened epipleurum; tergum 9 with v-shaped pigmented plate. Venter concave, without strongly sclerotized plates; legs short, robust, not capable of extending beyond sides of body; pygopod well developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD0EB11F199C0EAFD13313E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1104,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F199C0EAFE8332DA" bold="true" box="[199,366,1503,1528]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
Pupa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD0EB11F049C0EAFEB232DA" box="[279,351,1503,1528]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1529,1552]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,340,1509]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,340,1509]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Photos taken in a coffee agroecosystem, Finca Irlanda, Chiapas, Mexico: 1, closeup of coffee plant infested with green coffee scale, C. viridis—note larva of the lady beetle D. lupusapudoves feeding on a scale near the leaf vein despite the proximity of P. synanthropica ants (center of image). 2, Closeup of D. lupusapudoves larva feeding on scale. 3, pupa of D. lupusapudoves—note glandular hairs on cuticle, and shed larval skin partially visible near caudal end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247208/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Form broadly oval, attached at caudal end, not enclosed in shed larval skin; surface bearing glandular hairs. Coloration yellow to yellowish brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD0EB11F199C312FB3F3141" blockId="5.[151,1437,1104,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F199C312FE763162" bold="true" box="[199,411,1575,1600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Trophic relations.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae and adults have been observed feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD0EB11F287C31DFB37311D" authority="(Green)" authorityName="Green" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[985,1242,1575,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F287C31DFB96311D" box="[985,1147,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Coccus viridis</emphasis>
|
||
(Green)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on coffee plants, especially those tended by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD0EB11F09AC37EFD1D3146" authority="Longino" authorityName="Longino" authorityYear="2007" box="[452,752,1611,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Azteca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericeasur">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F09AC37EFD663141" box="[452,651,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Azteca sericeasur</emphasis>
|
||
Longino
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD0EB11F279C37EFB7A3146" authority="Longino" authorityName="Longino" authorityYear="2009" box="[807,1175,1611,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="synanthropica">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F279C37EFBDC3141" box="[807,1073,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Pheidole synanthropica</emphasis>
|
||
Longino
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48DD654DFFD0EB11F199C35AFC953189" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD0EB11F199C35AFC953189" blockId="5.[151,1437,1104,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F199C35AFEA331AA" bold="true" box="[199,334,1647,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is a concatenation of the Latin phrase
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F2B5C35AFB2E31A5" box="[1003,1219,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">“lupus apud oves”</emphasis>
|
||
(=wolf among the sheep), in reference to its presence among coccids tended by ants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48DD654DFFD0EB12F199C382FE2D3057" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD0EB11F199C382FD3630CD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1104,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F199C382FE9331F2" bold="true" box="[199,382,1719,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype (male) with labels: “MEX: Chiapas: Finca Irlanda, 15.173583°−92.336081°,
|
||
<date id="74791006FFD0EB11F1C9C3EEFF0531D6" box="[151,232,1755,1780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">28.July</date>
|
||
.2010, coll. H. Liere / On
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD0EB11F37FC3EEFD2031D1" box="[545,717,1755,1779]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F37FC3EEFD2031D1" box="[545,717,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Coffea arabica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD0EB11F220C3EEFC0731D1" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[894,1002,1755,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F220C3EEFC0731D1" box="[894,1002,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">C. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, newly eclosed adult / HOLOTYPE,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD0EB11F1C9C235FCD83035" authority="Vandenberg, Iverson & Liere, 2018" authorityName="Vandenberg, Iverson & Liere" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,821,1791,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupusapudoves">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F1C9C235FE713035" box="[151,412,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Diomus lupusapudoves</emphasis>
|
||
Vandenberg,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD0EB11F366C235FCD83035" box="[568,821,1791,1816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" refId="ref4415" refString="Iverson, A., Jackson, D., Burnham, R., Perfecto, I., Vandenberg, N. & Vandermeer, J. (2018) Species complementarity in two myrmecophilous lady beetle species in a coffee agroecosystem: Implications for biological control. BioControl, 63 (2), 253 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10526 - 017 - 9865 - 1" type="journal article">Iverson & Liere, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (USNM); 19 paratypes (9 females, 10 males): 2 with same labels as type except third label “PARATYPE,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD0EB11F3B1C211FA7C3019" authority="Vandenberg, Iverson & Liere, 2018" authorityName="Vandenberg, Iverson & Liere" authorityYear="2018" box="[751,1425,1827,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupusapudoves">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F3B1C211FC183019" box="[751,1013,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Diomus lupusapudoves</emphasis>
|
||
Vandenberg,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD0EB11F5CCC211FA7C3019" box="[1170,1425,1827,1852]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" refId="ref4415" refString="Iverson, A., Jackson, D., Burnham, R., Perfecto, I., Vandenberg, N. & Vandermeer, J. (2018) Species complementarity in two myrmecophilous lady beetle species in a coffee agroecosystem: Implications for biological control. BioControl, 63 (2), 253 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10526 - 017 - 9865 - 1" type="journal article">Iverson & Liere, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (USNM); 3 with labels “MEX: Chiapas: Finca Irlanda, 15.173583° −92.336081°,
|
||
<date id="74791006FFD0EB11F567C272FB22307D" box="[1081,1231,1863,1887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" value="2010-05-24">24.May.2010</date>
|
||
, coll. A. Iverson / On
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD0EB11F19EC25EFE8430A1" box="[192,361,1899,1923]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F19EC25EFE8430A1" box="[192,361,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Coffea arabica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants / PARATYPE,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD0EB11F33CC259FB1130A1" authority="Vandenberg, Iverson & Liere, 2018" authorityName="Vandenberg, Iverson & Liere" authorityYear="2018" box="[610,1276,1899,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupusapudoves">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F33CC259FC8B30A1" box="[610,870,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Diomus lupusapudoves</emphasis>
|
||
Vandenberg,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD0EB11F55FC259FB1130A1" box="[1025,1276,1899,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" refId="ref4415" refString="Iverson, A., Jackson, D., Burnham, R., Perfecto, I., Vandenberg, N. & Vandermeer, J. (2018) Species complementarity in two myrmecophilous lady beetle species in a coffee agroecosystem: Implications for biological control. BioControl, 63 (2), 253 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10526 - 017 - 9865 - 1" type="journal article">Iverson & Liere, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (USNM); 14 with labels “MEX: Chiapas: Finca Irlanda, 15.173583° −92.336081°,
|
||
<date id="74791006FFD0EB11F2F9C2BAFC133085" box="[935,1022,1935,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">10.June</date>
|
||
.2010, coll. A. Iverson / Reared from late instar onisciform larva collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD0EB11F300C286FCEA30E9" box="[606,775,1971,1995]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F300C286FCEA30E9" box="[606,775,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Coffea arabica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants / PARATYPE,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD0EB11F55DC281FE7F30CD" authority="Vandenberg, Iverson & Liere, 2018" authorityName="Vandenberg, Iverson & Liere" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupusapudoves">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD0EB11F55DC281FAE530E9" box="[1027,1288,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Diomus lupusapudoves</emphasis>
|
||
Vandenberg,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD0EB11F1C9C2EDFE7F30CD" box="[151,402,2007,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" refId="ref4415" refString="Iverson, A., Jackson, D., Burnham, R., Perfecto, I., Vandenberg, N. & Vandermeer, J. (2018) Species complementarity in two myrmecophilous lady beetle species in a coffee agroecosystem: Implications for biological control. BioControl, 63 (2), 253 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10526 - 017 - 9865 - 1" type="journal article">Iverson & Liere, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (13 USNM, 6 ECO-TAP-E)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="54B8664EFFD3EB12F1C9C083FAC932C9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247214/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" startId="6.[151,264,1462,1485]" targetBox="[260,1328,197,1423]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD3EB12F1C9C083FAC932C9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1462,1515]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD3EB12F1C9C083FEBE32EE" bold="true" box="[151,339,1462,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">FIGURES 11–13.</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD3EB12F087C08DFD6232EE" authorityName="Vandenberg, Iverson & Liere" authorityYear="2018" box="[473,655,1462,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupusapudoves">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD3EB12F087C08DFD6232EE" box="[473,655,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">D. lupusapudoves</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 11, ventral view of male phallobase; 12, left lateral view of male penis; 13, ventral view of female genitalia showing spermatheca with accessory gland, sperm duct, and anterior part of bursa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD3EB12F199C322FE2D3057" blockId="6.[151,1437,1559,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD3EB12F199C322FDEA3112" bold="true" box="[199,519,1559,1584]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Other material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
A small amount of additional material of the new species bearing the same collection data as the
|
||
<date id="74791006FFD3EB12F0D2C309FDCD3176" box="[396,544,1596,1620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" value="2010-05-24">24.May.2010</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="74791006FFD3EB12F306C309FD403176" box="[600,685,1596,1620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">10.June</date>
|
||
.2010
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF7C8864FFD3EB12F3ABC308FC8D3177" box="[757,864,1597,1621]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
has been deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="66D6AE03FFD3EB12F5D5C309FB0D3176" box="[1163,1248,1596,1620]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
. These represent less well preserved exemplars (either disarticulated, fragmented, or rubbed), but still deemed useful for studying certain morphological or anatomical details. Specimens from each collection event have been placed together on a single pin using multiple points and/or within a gelatin capsule. A vial of mixed second through fourth instar larvae of the new species from the
|
||
<date id="74791006FFD3EB12F087C3F9FDC331C6" box="[473,558,1740,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">10.June</date>
|
||
.2010 collection event has been deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="66D6AE03FFD3EB12F509C3F9FB4531C6" box="[1111,1192,1740,1764]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
alcohol collection. A male and a female specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD3EB12F352C3C4FD99302A" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1999" box="[524,628,1776,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urban">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD3EB12F352C3C4FD99302A" box="[524,628,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">D. urban</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<date id="74791006FFD3EB12F3B4C3C5FC93302A" box="[746,894,1776,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" value="2010-05-24">24.May.2010</date>
|
||
collection event have been point-mounted and deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="66D6AE03FFD3EB12F011C221FE4D300E" box="[335,416,1812,1836]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
dry collection. The later collection also contains a large quantity of material of other South American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD3EB12F04CC202FE823072" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1999" box="[274,367,1847,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diomini">Diomini</taxonomicName>
|
||
documented in the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD3EB12F33CC202FCE23072" box="[610,783,1847,1872]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" refId="ref4197" refString="Gordon, R. (1999) South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Part VI: A systematic revision of the South American Diomini, new tribe (Scymninae). Annales Zoologici, Warsaw, 49, 1 - 219." type="journal article">Gordon (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
monograph of this group and utilized for comparative purposes during our study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48DD654DFFD3EB13F199C24AFBC53646" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD3EB13F199C24AFBCF3792" blockId="6.[151,1437,1559,2017]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD3EB12F199C24AFED630BA" bold="true" box="[199,315,1919,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64564B37FFD3EB12F01DC24AFE0130BA" box="[323,492,1919,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" refId="ref4197" refString="Gordon, R. (1999) South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Part VI: A systematic revision of the South American Diomini, new tribe (Scymninae). Annales Zoologici, Warsaw, 49, 1 - 219." type="journal article">Gordon (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
informally divided the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD3EB12F218C2B5FC7030B5" authorityName=": Weise" authorityYear="1895" box="[838,925,1920,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD3EB12F218C2B5FC7030B5" box="[838,925,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Diomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into eight species groups (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD3EB12F58DC2B5FAC730B5" authorityName=": Weise" authorityYear="1895" box="[1235,1322,1920,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD3EB12F58DC2B5FAC730B5" box="[1235,1322,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Diomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups A through H) based almost entirely on male genitalic characteristics. He indicated that some of these groups may be paraphyletic, but still have a value for identification purposes. Using his system, our new species belongs in group B and appears to be closely allied to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD2EB13F36DC5ACFD263792" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[563,715,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32B3EAD4FFD2EB13F36DC5ACFD263792" box="[563,715,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">D. thoracicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF7C8864FFD2EB13F25DC5ADFCDE3792" box="[771,819,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="007836C6FFD2EB13F199C589FBC53646" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
|
||
Our new species exhibits strong sexual dimorphism with respect to the dorsal color pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98FC2A43FFD2EB13F5B8C589FAB837F6" box="[1254,1365,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–8" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,409,1764]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–8. Diomus spp. adult habitus illustrations: 4–7, D. lupusapudoves (4, male holotype; 5–6, common variations in male color pattern present in the type series; 7, representative female paratype); 8, D. urban, female from Chiapas, Mexico." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1247210/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Figs. 4–7</figureCitation>
|
||
). This situation is not uncommon in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7C74D45FFD2EB13F318C5EAFD4B37DA" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1999" box="[582,678,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diomini">Diomini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and probably explains why the females of many other species have not been associated with their male counterparts. We have managed to include females in our
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF7C8864FFD2EB13F59DC430FB1E363F" box="[1219,1267,261,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series because both sexes were reared together from the same distinctive onisciform larvae, and have the same configuration of the antenna, prosternal process, punctation, and pubescence (dorsal setal pattern).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |